Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, August 14, 1892, Page 13

THE Observant Ramblings Through the Rural Distriots of the Mighty Empire, MOST UNDEVELOPED COUNTRY ON EARTH Possessing Potentialities that May Have the Most Far Reachine Consequences, WHEAT FIELDS TO FrED THE WORLD “Qarp” Gives a Luoid Explanation of Russia Land Laws. HOW FIFTY MILLION SERFS WERE FREED The tussian and I Peasant, His Strength Wonkness—Russia, the Most Re- publican Country in the Worid, Wit Tasuors, Russia, July respondence of Tk Bek.] ter in the hoart of the great black plain of Russia. L am two days’ ride by rail south of Moscow, in the rageed little city of Tamboff, and I have been traveling for days through some of tho richest lands on the face of God’s green earth, This bluck plain extends from Poland far into Siberia, It is as flat as @ floor, as rich as guano and as black as your hat. Its soil is mado up of decomposed veg- stable matter, and it makes mo think of the richest tields of Kansas, which Senavor In- galis once told me were 8o good that you could thrust your arm down into them up to the shoulder and pull up from the bottom handfuls of black earth as rich as that of the valley of the Nile. This soil of the black plain is an olmost natural manure. It pul- verizes easily and it ranges all the way from three to five feot deep. It is the garaen of Russiaand has been called the granary of ‘Burope. For hundreds of yearsiv has pro- duced the richest of crops with no scientific farming, and today it is loaded with grain ‘which has been produced by sowing the seed after merely scratching its surface with wooden plows. This piain is of vast extent andit ojuld, if half cultivated, suppiy all Europo with food, and it forms tho greatest compotitor of the United States in the world toaay. It comprises, I am told, nearly 800,- 000 square miles, more thaa twico the area of the Atlantic states from Maine to Florida. and more than the aggregate area of Ohio, Indiara, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Min- nesota, Towa, Missouri, North and South Da- kota, Nobraska, Kansas and Kontucky. At present only a small proportion of it 1s farmed, and the great Russian empire is by all odds the most undeveloped country on earth today. 1f the conditions here were the same as they aroe in the United States in re- spoct to government and the rights of pro- perty all the emigration cf Europe would vour into Russia and Siberiaand the markets nnd financial condition of all the world would be changed. Facts About Russia, In order to get any idea of the Russian empire and its people one must get out of the cities and travel off into the country. The Russia of today is an agricultural country, and it is among the peasants that you find the elements that are to affact the world in the future. There are more than 100,000,000 of these peasants and it is an 1ntrosting study to look at them and the vast areas of land they have to work with. Russiain Burope is an empireinitself. Ihave already travelod woeks in going over a small part of i1, aud 1ts magnificont distances are like those of the United States. It has about two-thirds as much land as the whole United Btates, and this land is a vast plain hammed In by the Ural mountains ou the east, run- ning from the Baltic sea to tho Black sea and the Caspian, and nowhere having any nills more than 1,100 feet high. Such hills s there are, aro fow, and they lie north of the centor of the country and make a water shed, so that from them by the most gradual fall the water runs from these both north and south. Russia 1s well watered, and great rivers cut their way through the land giving bor irrigation and transportation facilitios. The irrigation is as yet only be- gun, but tho rivers and vanals have for gon- erations forned almost the only means of shipping goods throughout the country. It is wonderful how cheap freights sre and how far reaching this water communication is. The Volga 1s as big as tho Mississippt and it is 2,500 miles long. It rans through the eastern part of Luropean Russia and it has such branches that 1t forms a trade artory for central and south Russiaand Siberia. Itis connected by canal with the Nova and goods can be taken by water from Astrakahn to St. Petersburg, ®and by hundreds of its branctes and connec- tions can be shipped from the Baltic to the most out of the way regions of the country. The Don, which flows into the Black sea, Runs for a part of its conrse not far from the Yolga, ana there aro a half-dozen navigable @ivers which go into the Black sea. North Russia is filled with lakes and streams, and It is only in the south that the lack of water s telt. Here in the great black plain a drouth causes bad crops, and it was a serios of drouths that brought about the famino of this year. This, however, migkt have been Avoided by deeper plowing, for I am told that wherever the farmors plowed as deep as we o they had excellent crops. Russla's Four Land Zones, This part of Russia is known as the black land zono, and one gets some idea of the couatry in looking at itin such divisluns. There is as much differonce in the climate of this land us thove is difference in that of the various parts of the United States, and in St. Potersburg 1 wore two suits of undercloth- g ang an ovorcoat, whilo here I am roast- Ing iv my shirt sleeves. Northern Russia is ocovercd with forests, and the czar has proba- bly more wood than all the rest of Kurope put together. From the Baltic to Moscow there is littlo else thau forests. There are vast woods thgouvgh which you might wan. der for hunareds and hunareds of miles and never find any sigos of habitations, and which are not penetrated by railroads, and I travelea for hours from Petersburg to Mes- eow through woods moro wild than any in Awerlea. This kuown as the forest zone of Russia. Itincludes wore than 400,000,000 wcres, and takes in the most of the northern part of Russia in Europe. Below this zone of forests comes this black lands zone where 1 now am, and below this and running paral- fel with it across Russia is the arable steppes ®one, which is bringiug forth good crops, but ‘which needs manure to heip it, ana which in s character Is much like our western prai- vios. It is used largely for gruzing and it grows wild grasses which are often seven Aud elght foel high. This zone has as much land as Texas, and it is swa that Toxas could foed the whole United States. | am told that tho soil in that part of Russiais much like thatof Texas, and wneu Russials well opened up by railroads this zoue will be an st factor in the agricultural warkets of Lhe world, As it is now ouly about one-tenth of #ven tho black lanos’ region is cultivated und Slussin already supplios the greater part of \be food of Kurope. Germany and the other countries of the continent have been much affectea by the prohibition of the grain ex- ports from Russia during the famine, and 1t 15 this more than anything elso that has set the Germans to studying end experimenting on our corn to see if they cannot get some combination of corn and rye which will feed their army and leave them independent of Russia. As it is thoy have been getting a large proportion of their rye from Russia and rye is the staplo bread food of the Ger- mans, How Russian Lands are Divided, ‘The land laws of Russia are far different from those of the United States and the land is divided up in a way that is not known elsnwhere. The Czar owns more than half of all the lands of the empire and a great vart of the vast forests of Russia belong to tho crown. These forests are managed by the officers of the crown ana the wood from them s cut by the peasants either for wagos oron speculation. The crown has some- thing like 30,000,000 acres of forests, and it has a vast area of land which is leased out and which brings a regular yearly revenue, ‘The most of its lands lie in thie northern part of the country and a large per vent of them are unproductive, Next to the czar come tho peasants, who own about 27 per cent, or only a little more than a fourth of European Russia, and the great bulk of this land is mortgaged to the statg, and is being paid for on tho install- meut plan. This peasant land is owned, not by individuals, but by villages in common, and these villages have assumod the debt for the Jand which was assessed upon them at the time that the sefs woro freed by Alex- ander IL, and they work the lands in com- mon, dividing them up wmong themselves every few years, but never giving any one a feo simple title to his portior, but only al- lowing him the use of it for a limited period. Theremre mora than 50,000,000 acres of land beld in this way in differont parts of Russia. orenough land to make eight states the size of Ohio or Kentucky. Thnis land is held by about 23,000,000 owners, and the averago amount of land held by each of these Rus- s1an peasauts is less than thirteen acres. In the rich lands the average is much smaller thau this, and about Tula the Countess Tol- sto1 told me that it was uot more than throe acres per person. Poor Nobles. Thoe Russfan nobility, who used to own nearly all of this peasant land and who, till a gencration ago, had the peasants as thelr serfs or half slaves, aro growing poorer aud poorer. Thay received pay for theic lands which were given to the peasants on a basis of 4 6 per cent revenue vaiuo of them. But they have not made money out of their sales, and they are gradually selling what they have left, and 1n the futuro Russin may some time become a land of small proprietors. Stiil as 1t is they still have a vast deal of real estate, and I have traveled through the farms of nobles whero you could ride all day on horseoack at a good Russiau speed, which 18 about the fastest in the world, and not gat to the end of their estates. Almost all of tho nobles are extravagant. Some of them are s poor as church mice, and to be a noble 1n Russia is no sign of & long podigres, great wealth ora great amount of culture. There are something like 1,000,000 nobles in tho empire, and of these ouly a littlo over 100,- 000 are land boldors, and of these the average holding is less than 2,000 acres. Since the serfs were freed the merchant class has boen rising in Russia, aud thouih I bear the nobles now and then speak of them rather sneeringly they are rapidly ac- quiring land. This class already owns areas which aggregate a territory equal to that of the state of Inaiana. and other lands are held by private companies and by the churches and monasteries. The monasteries are very rich and they own not only great tracts of leased lsuds, buv also town property and business blocks. One of the best streets in Moscow is owned almost altogether by the monasteries, who hold on to their invest- ments as the Catholic church does to that which it owns in some of our cities and who understand how to get good rents and good profits trom their estates. A Natlon of Peasants, Russia, however, is a nation of peasants. We hear of this country only as the land of the czsr, or as the possessions of the autocrat of all the Russias, and until this year fow people have lnoked upon it as much else than an ordinary European country filled with an oppressed and rather turbulent people. Iuv was supposed, ana largely is supposed today 1o ve fllled with peasants who are plotting against their government, and _who are dis- satisfied with their condition. It is known as the land of nihilism and 1t is thought by many that the peasants are among tho nihilists. This is a mistake. Such nihilis- tic elements as exist do not belong to the peasantry at all and the nihilists, the ofticials and the nobility form but aaropin the bucket of this great Russian population. The town and the city peopie number but a few millions, and the great bulk of the people live in little villages. These villages constitute tho real Russis and the Russia out of which is to como the Russsa of the future. Of the 120,000,000 subjects of the czar less thau 20,000,000 live in towns, and the towns of Russia are numbered by hundreds. There are comparatively oniy a few large cities. St. Petersburg is as vig as Philadel- hia, Moscow is about the size of Boston, arsaw s a8 bl:{ as St Louis and Odessa is a little bigger than Cleveland. In addition to these thero are a fow cities of 100,000 each and then about 300 cities ranging from 10,000 up to 50,000, and about fifteen cities 0f50,000 to 100,000 1n siza. There are, however, more than half a million poasant villages, and these villages contain the vast poasint population of Rus- s1a, which forms nearly one-tonth of the pop- ulation of tho globe. This immense number of people impresses me mora and moro every day, and I begin to realize what these num- bers may mean to us. If all the mer, women and children on this big round earth could bo collected together one 1n every ten of them would bo a Russian pousant, and of all the land upon the earth, they own and are scat- tored over one-seventh of it. Only o small proportion of these many millions live out- side of Russia, and the villago system and customs are verv much the same the whole empire over. Every Russian village is a littlo Russia in itself, and by tho study of these veoplo and by s look at oue of their villages you get a fair idea of the whole em- pire and of this groat Russian -people. Of course thera are Asiatic tribes, and somo of tho new territories, as Finland and Poland, areto a certmn extent different from tho pure Russians, but the great Russin is a vil- lage, Russia and tho Russians as & nation are the peasants. A Russian Village, I was surprised during a call which I made on ex-Miunister to Russia Lathrop at his home in Detroit to hear him say that Russia was the most republican country in the world and that its people to & large extent, gov- erned themselves. I find this to be true. Each of the 500,000 villages is a lictle re- public. Its inhavitants elect their own officers by vote and its courts, for all orai- nary offenses, are managed by Jidges elected by it. KEvery village has a little assembly its own wade up of 0ne member to overy five houses, and these men manugo tho affairs of tho village. The village, you know, owns the land, and this assembiy divides this from time to time among the people, giving each family & cortain number of acres, according w the number in it and according to its working power. After such a divisior the iands are loft with the fawilies to which thoy are allotted until the wext division, when they revert to the village to be given out to the samo persous or to oLLors, as tho assem- bly may see fit. This assembly fixes the dates of harvesting, the time of sowing crops, and it makes oll arrangemonts as to tbe collection of taxes. The government of the czus toxes the village a lump sum, and this assembly apportions this tax amoug those who should pa; 1t. No one can leave the village without the pormission of the assembly or without leaving bebind bhim a guarantee in some shape or other that bis sharo of the imperial taxes will be paid, and @ drunkeu good-for-uothing is often voted out of the village entirely and his share of the village lands poes buck to the village Bach village elects two petiy judges, who settle all siall sults relating to sums of loss than $3 and petty quarrels, and larger suits are sottled up to a certain amount by a higher court elected by & fixod number of villages and formed into” an assembly valled “ithe volost.” Every thousand peoplé among the peasants have onoof theso sssemblies wud the different villages making up the thousand eleot delegates to them, and all dis- putes among the people of these villages are Lroughl before this assombly and tried. ‘The power of tho volost, however, is limited. It canuot try cases of more than §60, nor can it imprison for more than seven days. Iu uamt'fun Lo these Lwo potly courts there are trials by Jury, 8od these are courts made up partly by juoges appoluted by the czur sud partly by those elected vy the people, and an appoal can be taken frow twis to the higher courts at St. Petersburg snd Moscow. The vill assombly is oalled th assembly made up of enough viilag prise 1,000 population is “ihe volost,” and above this there isin cach district a third assembly of delogates elected by the nobility, tho towns and tho villages of thoe districtand this assembly is called the zemstoo, and its businoss 15 to taxe care of the roads of the district, to see that proper provisions are made against famine,to attond to educational mattors in which all the poonlaof the dis- trictare Interested, These Russian districts are a good deal like our counties, and there are a number of them in each provinee, which last is oresided over by a governor and bis council, appointed by the czar, 1t will thus be seon that the }woplo of Russia have a home rule system of their own like ours,only more so, in that the most minor matters are managed by it. A Russian peasaut can buy land if he has the money, but the most of them have no property outside of that they own in common with their village, aud the only estato the average pea little thutched hut which coves about twenty foot square, Thoy stick, how- ever, very closely 10 the common property, and will do anything rather than lose their interest in the village to which they belong. Strangoe tosay, they are by nomeans auxious to hold oftico and they consider an election as village policeman or elder rather us a curso than & blessing. Their village assemblios and elections take place in the open air in ono long street of the village and they dis- cuss matters pertaining to their crops and their government among themselves, They do not realizo, however, that they might go any furthor than they have now gotten in the way of government and they look upon the decrees of the czar something as they do on the laws of nature or those of God, which could not possibly ve changed. A Nation of Freed Slaves. The Russians resent the insinuation that their serfs were slaves, but the truth Is they were little more than that, and it is not long sinco they were bought and sold. Thoy were, perhaps, in a little better condition than our negroes at tho timo of the begin- ning of the war, but not very much 8o, and in looking at the Russia oi today it must be remembered modern Russ=ia has not yot lived quite one gencration. It was born during our late civil war, when the czar of his own froo will took the boudage off of 47,000,000 of people. We think we did a big thing in free- ing our 8,000,000, but Russia at the same time freed noarly 50,000,000 and_organized a system by whicn they could pay for their 1ands and thomselves. They were given a part of the lands of their masters and this pot in the shape of individuals, but as vil- lages, making the villages and not the inai- viduals responsible for them. The vimo of payment for these lands was to be forty-nine vears, and they have already redeemed about £430,000,000 worth_of lands, or more than 85,000,000 acres. In addition to holdiog on 10'and gradually paying for the lands thov got from the government mauy of tho vil- lages have bought more land and some of the peasants have bought land and hold it in addition to the village land. Such cases ave, however, comparatively very few. The Russian poasant is naturally improvi- dent aud unambitious. He has but few wants, and ho lives as far as he oan [from hand to mouth. He has not vet reacked the stago of aspiring to independence aund to tho ordinary comforts of life, and his depend- ence as a serf with all the shiftlessness that comes with such a condition clings to him more than it does to our negroesiu the worst parts of the south. Naturally, how- ever, he is physically and inteliectually the equal of any man on the face of the earth, aud whea he is once roused up to his possi- bilivies and shown how he can realize them he will develop into_one of the strongest mon of the future. No one can go among the Russian peasauts without boing struck by the wonderful strength of features of both men and women. 1 see every day scores of eusauts whose faces would attract attention nany American orowd, and the women I meet are motherly, womanly looking women, There are very tew villainous faces, and tho vatriarchal men who look as though they wero men of authority and force are to be seen on every side. 1 visited a Russian batn in Moscow where I saw a hundred odd men stark naked, steaming, soaping end scrub- bing their milk white skins and I was struck by the splendid physique which every one of them possessed. Thera was of the whole 100 not one who had not broad shoulders aad big bones, All were tall and stout, and when I thought that these men were not picked atbletes, but merely an average crowd at a puvlic bath nouse, I felt the staying power of these hundred odd millions as I never had berore. During the past few davs I have been visiting these peasants in their flolds and in their villages. [ have gone into their houses and have talked with all classes of them. They seem to me like a vast nation of grown up men who, with the strengih of & giant, bave all the simpilcity and 1gnorance of asemi-savage child. In” anotber lotter I will take you into one of their villages aud show you as weil as I can just how thoy look, act and live. FraNk G. CARPENEER. Cook's Extra Dry Imperial Champagne has no superior. Try it. Record, forty years. Warranted pure juice of the grape. FACTS ABOUT OMAHA. Omaba has five public paris. Omaha bas sixty-five miles of paved streets. ‘Omaha has ninety-two miles of sowers. There are sixty publio schools, employing 208 teachers, There ave twenty-two church and private schools, employing 152 toachers, The school census shows over 30,055 chil- dren of school age, Omahn is & city of churches, having 115 houses of religious worship. There ave sixty-five hotels, There are thirteen trunk lines of railway, covering 85,233 milzs of road operated from Omaha, One hundrod and thirty passenger trainsarrivo daily. Omaha has the largost smelter world. Omaba has the largest linseed oil works in the United States, Omaba is the third largest packing centor in the world, Last year the stock receipts mir, the % L0 com- m the wero: Cattle, Wogs, 7,160,865; sheep, 783,305, Omaba has the largest distillery w tho world and three of the largest broweries in the United States, Omabs has tho largest white lead works in whe world, Aside from the packing houses Omaha has 160 manufacturiog enterprises with a com- bined capital of $3,035,000, Last year their products amonnted to §33,000,000, The principal shops of the Union Pacific railway aro located in Omaha. Thoy cover fifty acres of ground and represent an out- lay of §,500,000. They furnish employment 101,200 skilled mechanics and 200 day labor- ers. During the year 1801 the real estate trans- fers amounted to $15,90,831. ‘The actual real estate valuation (s §350,000,- 000, while the asaessment for taxation 1s basod on @ ono-tenth valuation. Omaha h a8 twenty banks, of which nine are national, oight savings and three are state baoks, During 1501 the clearings were $221,128,- 05, The postofiice receipts for the year were $204,585.20; This departmont gave employ- ment to forty-six clerks and sixty-six car- riers, Omaba has one of the most complete water works systoms in the world. The plaut cost $7,000,000 ana has 170 miles of mains, The pumping capacity 1s 85,000,000 gallous daily. There are ninety-five miles of streot rail- way, mainly eloctrie. The systom em ploys 600 men and operates 275 cars. pay ool is $40,000, Population in 18 Population in 184 Population In 1850 Population (n 1843 Populat ou in 159 . TR The “No. 9" Wheeler & Wilson will sew the finest and most delicate fabrics without The monthly drawing or puckering them. It will not break the poorest brown or blue thread. Its stitch 18 tho most elastic known. y Geo, W. Lancaster & 5. 10th streot. Poor, Denr Martyr, Indianapoiis Journal: **You need not deny it. I know that he kissed you while you were sitting on the steps last night.” *Yes, mamma, eight or ten times, I guess.’ Eight or ton times, Why—I—you—" “Yes, mamma dear. 1 toid him the first time if ho did it again I wouldn’t spenk to him and after that I couldn’t toll him to_stop without breaking my word, And I knew you would not waut your daugbter to tell a fib.” T ——— Alliance is to have a Catholic chareh bulld- | tng, and o priest will be stationed there after Bepiewber 1, OMAHA DAILY BE DA Yy-AUGUST (W GES IN OMARA AND LONDON ) e A Comparative Shtama‘nt Largely in Favor of Amerioan Mechanios and Laborers, P.AIN SHOWING OF FACTS AND FIGURES It May Cost a Trifle More to Live in Omnaha than it Does In London, but Wages Much Higher Here, Are In these hot days of political strife much is being said of the comparative wages of mechanics and laboring men in Great Britain and Amerloa. Shorn of its political signifi- cance the subject 18 & most interesting one. It 18 & gratitication to kuow that American artisans and laborers are better pald than those of any other nation, and the actual figures dewonstrating this faot will be fn- teresting to all classes of people. Tk Bee prosents for the consideration of its readers a comparative showing of the wages paid in Omaha and London for 1denti- cal work, together witn a furthor showing of the purchasing power ot that mouey in pro- viding for the sustenance and support of the mechanic or laborer and his family. It was found to be true recently that a Loudon contractor had bean granted an aadi- tonal sum over and above his coutract prico, and that it had ovoen done on account of an unforscon increase in waes, though, with the exception of a single instance, the increase is as yet a prospective rather than an actual one, as the new scale will not take effect for tho trades geunerally until November, tho oricklayors being the ouly class which s alrendy enjoying the sen- sation of an inerease in pay. Wages Paid to London Mechnaics, The pay of bricklayers has gone up and they are now receiving nine pence ha'penny an hour instead of nine pence, the wage they were getting until threo weeks ago. The mcrease is equivalent to & cent an hour, and 1n the summer week of fifty-two and one-half hours it means a difference of that number of cents per week. It will be seon, theretore, that the weekly earnings of a tirst class London bricklayer, provided he works full time, are §10 since the raise, as against § before. In winter, of course, both hours and pay suffer diminution, and at that season, when living is at its highest, he would get less than $0 a week, oven under the iucrease. These Figures Speak Volumes, While the London bricklayer gets $10 under the new schedule for his week’s work of fifty-two and one-half hours, the Omaha bricklayer puts in an even fifty-two hours a week and receives for his labor the sum ot $23, He receives 50 cents an hour, and on Saturday is given seven and ons-haif hours’ pay for seven hours’ work, Last year he received eight hours’ pay for seven hours' work on Saturday, butthis year it 1s fixed at the above figure., In Denver they aro paid $5 for eight hours’ work;in St. Louis, 55 cents por honr for all | timeé worked, and ' in many of the large cities “front men,” who lay pressed brick ifiogether, are paid from §7 10 %9 a day. Buk this comparison has to do solely with London' and Owmaba, and the comparative figures for the same work are, Loadon $10 a week, Omaha §28.75 a week. Notwithstanding the fact that the English bricklayer does not receive sufficient wages to make him an object of envy to his Ameri- can brothren, he is better off in the amount he receives than any'of the other workers in the byilding line, with the exception of the plumber and the “'stone fixer." They each work fifty-two and a balf hours a week, aud on Saturday’ night pocket $10.50 as tho fruits of their labor, while the Omaha plumber receives 40 cents for every hour he works, and his neighbor,’ the stonecutter or stonemason, gels 45 cents an hour, each re- ceiving more than double the wages paid his brother ncross the water. Occasionally you find an English plasterer who receives $10.50 'a: week, but the general run falls a dollar below that figure, while the Omaha plasterer receives $4 for each day of eight hours. Omaha to the Front, London masons, carpenters and slaters are paid 9 pence, which is about 18 cents an hour, and painters 8 pence, or 16 cents. Omaba slaters receive 35 cents an hour and carpen- ters from 25to 30 cents an hour, as rough carpenters are paid 20 to 224 cents, regular carpenters 27 cents, und finistiers 30 cents an hour. Omaba painters receive from 25 to 30 cents an bour for general work, grainers receiving 85 conts, fresco pawters b0 cents, sign paint- ers 45 cents, paper hangers 35 cents, and decorators 35 cents, Omaha lathers receive 30 cents an hour, steam fitters 35 cents, tin- smiths 30 cents, roofers, 35 cents, gravel roofers 30 couts, hod carriers 22i¢ cents, ditch ciggers and common laborers, 223 cents au hour. 1o London, for sucn work ns scaffolding, hoisting and' the hundling of timber, six- pence ha’hapenny or 13 centsan hour is paid, while other grades of common labor receive only sixpence or 12 cents an hour, Ordinary oftice clerks work in Lonaon fortwenty-five shillings a woek on an average,or aout $27 a month, In Omaha they receive £0 a month. Male clerks behind London counters roceive a week, and in Omaha from £10 to 15 a week. Girls assisting in London stores draw from § to $3.50 per week, and in Omaha from $ to $5 per week. London street car men work thirteen hours a day for 86 a week, while in Omaha they receive 20 cents an hour, making from #30'to $65 a month. The average wages of the 4,000 common laborers emvloyed by the English government at the Woolwich arse- nal is a little loss than 8 @ week for fifty- four hours of work. The common laborers about the wharves are, from the standpoint of wages, the lowest class of those known uuder the general term of dockers. These laborers are nearly all what are called casual workors, and although their standard wage under the new schedule is sixpence an hour witn an increase for overtime, so irregular is their employmeut thalthey can barely aver- age £2.50 b weok, 3 The grain men, so-called, form a class by themselves, about 3,000 in number, and hi ale tho corn that comes into port. Of these, the casuals receive $1.40 per day of twelve hours, and the regulars $7.50 & woek, work- ing the same hours, Comparative Cost of Living, The cost of some of the necessaries of life 1n the quartors of London inhabited by the poorer classes are at the present time as fol- lows: Coal (summer price) one and three pence per hundred or #.75 per ton. Such meat as is on the market In those locali- ties, 12 to 16 cents a pound. The poor do not buy flour, and their bread costs them 9 and 10 cents a quartern loaf (815 pounds.) The poor apology of butter which they are glad to ut up Wit costs them 2) cents & pound, and bacon 10 and 20 ceuts a pound. Tea is cheap, costing from 24 t0 87 certs a pound. Ivsometimes happens'that a chicken can be seoured for 65 cents, but they are goner- ally found roosting in e market ut from 50 cents to §1.25 aplece. Iairly good roast beef costs 22 cents a pound, stouks 24 cents, and mutton chops even higher than that. A leg of wutton weighing nise pounds brings au even 2. Rentals are Slghtly Against Us. ‘When it comes to a question of rents it will be found thet the merost apology for a dwelling in the populous districts of London will cost 2.50 1o 3 pes week. Far out from tho center of London small dwelliugs of four rooms may be had for.about $1.50 a week, but to that must be addad the railroad fure, which even on the workmen's traius amounts toa sbilling a week, making the reot$7 a month even nfter golng out several miles. 1n London 1itself it would ve hard to get a house of auy description for less than §11 & month, Little Difference in Clothing, ‘When it comes to clothing, an inspection of any of Omaha's large clotbing stores will load any sane wan to ask if it s reasonable Lo suppose that anywhere on earth he can get an ull wool sull for less than §. Thatis what he can do right bere at bhome, ana for from W 15 he can get & suit that no man is Omaha veed be ashawed 10 wear angwhere, and that is what is paid for the greater part of the clotfing that is 14, 1892-SIXTEEN PAGES 13 —.\\—w:x:amu‘moxfi; COLLAR ano CUFFS, stock is the reduced cost apparent. The same goods which, when cut in the Ameri- can style, fitted with American exactness | aud finished according to the American qual- ity of workmanship woula cost you in Oma- ha $45, you can get put togothor aud hung on your back in London for #25 or §30, but thore | will be more difference between them than between two American suits costing $45 and $25 respootively. 1t 18, however, possible to get agood suit of clothes 1n London—quite As good as can secured in America—but the only way to do it 18 to go to some fashiorable, high priced tailor, a man who keaps first class workmon and pays tair wages, and thero a first class suit may be obtained, but tho cost will be, it aoyihing, a little more than your Omaha tailor would have charged forexactly the samo piece of goods, the same amount of care b::ne taken and the same grade of workman- ship, Polints on Progress, Chili has lady car conductors. Astor’s income is $7.38 a minute. Buftalo has a Businoss Woman's club. American pies are popular in England, We make 2,877,000,000 cigarettes a year. The ashes of burned cork make fine black paint. Brick is to bo made from va pped granite and olay. Grapo cultivation employs 2,800,000 persons in Fraoce. A Minneapolis mill makes 15,300 barrels of flour a day. A Washington ranch has 5,000 chickens and 8,000 Japaneso pheasauts, A patent has been issued for a lock which can be operated only by a magnetized key. Six million dollars are iuvested in the manufaoture of dynamite 1o the United States, Tho silk worm’s web is only 5300th part of an tnch in thickness and some of the spiders. spin @ rope so minute that ivwould take 60,000 of them to form & rope an inch in diametor. For the tirst six months of 1802 tho Rail- way Age roports now railroad construction ot 1,367 miles. This shows a heavy falling off in railroad building, and 1s an indication of conservatism 1n all other speculative busi- ness, The new navy of the United States, when all the vessels authorized are completed, will comprise forty-five vesscls of all degroes, cartying 304 guns and 11,604 officors and men. These include five battle ships, six barbor defense vessels and three armored cruisers. The Working Girls’ Vacation society of Now York city is now in Its ninth year. Nine hundred girls wore sent away last year for vacation of of about two weeks each and over 40,000 excursion tickets were given to girls who could only leave the city tor a day avata time. Some Scotch workingmen hand over oll their wages to their wives, who make them an allowanco for pocket mounoy. Iln the course of A newspaper controversy on this subject a thrifty matron stated ihat the al- lowed her husband 1 shilling and G-pence weekly out of his wages, with permission to spend @ portion of itin taking a dram with a {riend on Saturday night. The grade-crosssing vroblem In Philadel- phia is greatly simplified by the action of the Penusylvacia Railroud company, which has already raised its tracks over twenty streets six to eight feet and built bridges costing on an average about §45,000. The company has prepared, and will soon present to the coun- cils, an ordinance to _change the grade on thirty-five more streets. It is interesting to note that these proposals come from the rail- way company, which pays the ontire cost of the changes, the city being called upon only 1o give grad WAL MR Rropee g, ye Raow ¥ Yy 6\%\\\0\3‘:‘ MaotE ONLY BY ~N.K.FAIRBANK & CO. CHICAGO. - BAKING- . &J. POWDER 2%5025.ForR29¢ ABSOLUTELY PURE - JUSTTRY IT. F.F.JAQUES % CO, KANSAS CITY,MO. Wi INTERNATIONAL ~ SANITARIUM DR. W. C. MAXWELL, Prest. 16th and Howard Streets, - - Omaha, Nebraska. S FOR THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF ALL Chronic, Private and Nervous Diseases. Male ok female, by competent physicians who have made a special study of the above class of diseases, not only to treat, but guarantee a cure in all cases undertaken. THE SANITARIUM is the most comploto and tha ! 1 institution of its kitd in the entire west. It contains fifty rooms for th tion of patients who may require the constant attention of experienned physicians and nurses. BOARDING will be furnished at reasenable rates. Write for hook on diseases, mailed free, to any address on application . Persons unable to visit us may be treited at home by correspondence. All communications strictly confidential. One personal intsr view preferred, whenever coavenient for patient. WRITE FOR QUESTION BLANKS to state the history of your case. Medlclne secu oy packed and sent by mail or express. Address, INTERNATIONAL SANITARIUM, Dr. W, C. Maxwell, Preeident. Omaha, Nebraska PAID ON &?”3’::% :{\% BANK DEPOSITS = Enrira $T6680886 2R s ko The UNPRECEDENTED SUCCESS that the Behr Bros. & Co’s. PIANOS Have attained, and the high praise they have elicited from the world’s MOST RE NOWNED ARTISTS, from the press and from a public long prejudiced in favor of der makes, itis »afe to assume that tho instrament must be possesssl of UNCOM MON ATTRIBUTES. MAX MEYER & BRO. CO, Sole Agents, Omaha, Nebraska, PERCENT mfitmr Pears’ Soap People have no idea how crude and cruel soap can be. It takes off dirt. So far, so good ; but what else does itdo? It cuts the skin and fregs the under-skin ; makes red- ness and roughness and leads to worse. Not soap, but the alkali in it. Pears’ Soap has no free, alkali in it. It neither red- dens nor roughens the skin, It responds to water in- stantly; washes and rinses off in a twinkling; is as gentle as strong; and the after-effect is every way ood. All sorts of stores sell it, especially druggists; all sorts of people use it. Established 1866. DrDOWNS 1816 Douglas Street, Omaha, Neb. The eminent blood, akin and wninary dlseasos. A regmlar and registerod grad s ind certiflcutes nhow. 18 Uil Lrenting with o greatust succe atar 1 hi 1osaos, impotency, syphills. stric 4t 10r10ws Of VALK power, P or Instruments sont by Ono personal luterviow preforra of Life) sent fres. Offow hours B aby's cheelk {5 like a peach, Is it Madame Ruppert's bleach? No! but baby's mama’s cheel Volumes to its praise doth speal! Call for Mme. Ruppert's book, “'How to be Beautl- g specialist In nervous, chronic, privi te in modeine, o3 dipio 0. so! Book (Mysteries stamp LoF repiy. FILLED WITHOUT PAIN. At Last We Have It. No necessity now of losing any decayed teeth. All can be saved by this wonderful process of filling which works like con private. The Most Sensitive Tooth Filled, Without Pain, by a NEW PROCESS. magice, is pleasant for the patient and simple and harmless as water. By this PATNLESS PROCESS we mount beautiful Porcelain Enamel Crowns on roots of front teeth. By this NEW PROCESS we attach pure gold crowns on the bicuspid and molar roots without pain. By this wonderful process we restore by contour gold filling the original shape of a broken or de- cayed tooth, DO NOT DELAY these important organs. Have every tooth preserved, THINK A MINUTE. The beauty of the mouth and face. The sweetness of the breath. The comfort 1n masticating food, and your health demands that you care for your mouth and teeth, To those who have lost their natural teoth, or part of them, we call attention to our method of making TEETH WITHOUT PLATES. Fixed and Re- movable Bridge Work. Call and see the Morris Thin Elastic Dental Plate, as thin as paper, elastic as whalebone, tough as leaiher With this kind of a plute we cun successfully fit mouths that have failed to get a fit from any other method. These plates are pleasant to wear, feoling soft and agreeable to gums and tongue. Cost no more than other kiuds, A FULL SET of Teeth on Hard Rubbor, 85. PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED, Teeth extracted without pain by means of our wonderful local anasthetic. Nitro oxide or laughing gus and vital- ized air kept constantly on hand, and administered without danger. Remembor name and location, belng worn in this city today by the clerks, mechanics and busivess men of Omaba. Laboring men ave wearing ueat, well-fitting suits that cost from 810 to 8§12, an are well ana substantislly made. KEnglish clothes made up as well cost fully as wuck and only when thrown Logether in the shapoloss, baggy aud out-of-joint fashion thal makes every lmmigrant a leuguing DR. R. W. BAILEY, - - DENTIST, Office, Third Floor Paxton Block, 16th and Farnam Streets. Entrance on Sixteenth street, Elevatoror Stairway. Telephone 1085, Cut his out for a guide