Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, May 5, 1892, Page 10

FROM THE BISHOPS Methodist Delegates Listen to an Address | from the Church's Superintendents, FOUR YEARS OF PROSPERITY REVIEWED Work of the Bishops and Olergy and How it Has Been Blessed, TOKENS OF CONFIDENCE AND RESPECT Evide ces that the People Trust the Clergy Who Lead Them, LABORS HAVE NOT BEEN LESSENED Tnerense of the Numbor of Bishops Not Untimely—Loving Words of Congrate ulation sl — General Condition of the Chureh, Below will be found the text of the Dbishops' address to the memvers of the Quadrennial General Conforcuce of tho Methouist Episcopal ehiurch day by Bishop Foster: Brethron Beloved, nual Conferenco und Coufercnco of the Methodist ~ Kpiscopal Church in CGenoral Conference Assembled 1t seems fitting and accords with established custom that your geueral superintendents, whose duty it is to preside over your delib- erations, stould introduco thoe important services upou which you_are about to enter with a formal address. To this eud we have prepared the following communication. Wo wre sure that us aforetimo it sill receive your vatient and respectful attention. You will Bot oo it out of placa if wo should remind you of the gravity of the occasion, and of the Kerious nature of the duties beforo you; ana if_even mora than this wo snould indicate somo of the matters which should engage your most profouud and prayerful consiaers tion, Four yoars havo elapsed since the assom vling of the last gencral confercnce. The resulu of its doings have gono into history. During the interval no constitutional powor has existed anywhero to make or modify reg- ulations or luws of binding forco for the gov crnment of the church, either as o its lay or ministerial constituents. You are assembled to resume tho labor and responst- bilities of that body. Within certain limita- tious and restrictions you aro vested with supremoe power both to make and interpret Iaws ana to initiate ngw or modity cxisting measures und _methods of chureli cconomy and work. When you considor the great- noss of the mterests involved you caunot fail 10 be impressed with tho weighty responsi- bilities which will rest upon you every mo- meut of time until the fiual ‘adjournmen when you snall bavo done your work your power ccases either to romedy mistakos or n any way to chango tho record. History will put 1ts seul of approval or condemuation on the temper and wisdom of your acts and tho great church which has “intrusted you with theso verilous Lonors and powers will inherit the good or evil which shall fiow therefrom. Wo congratulate you stances under which you meetarein the main auspicious, and wo join our prayers with yours that'such heavenly grace may bo vouchsafed that your aeliberations may be conducted with wisdom and hurmony, and that all conclusions arrived at may be such us to promote tho larecst welfare, not merely of the particular branth of the ehurch which is your immediate care, but of the universal church as well. May you be preserved in peace and health, may your families aud charges auring your absence bo kept in comfort, may no bustacss anxieties ariso to divide 'or distract your attontion; above all may the Holy Spirit so be present with you moment by momert as to save you from misjudgments and all such mixed ‘mo- uves and_confusing influences as arise from personal desires and ambitions. So may the peace of God abound in you and in the sncrednoss of His presenc bo with you that tho single desire of His glory may inspire your every word and act. ““Now the God of peice which brought again from the dead that ereat shopherd of the sheep with the blood of the cternal cov- cuant, even our Lord Jesus, make you per- feet in every good thing 1o ao His will work- ingg that which is well pleasing in His sight through Jesus Christ, to whom bo glory for- ever aud ever, Amon.” In Memoriam, “There aro stadia in the lives of men, insti tutions, nations, and the world itself, crisis peints, bicthdays of new departures, arrests and startings, which naturally awaken flection. We have reached such a point today. A Teeling of sadness comes over us as we notico tho conspicuous absence of men the whole church has long trusted and revered. We look in vain for the carcful and wiso book agent nnd missionary treasurer, J. M. Phillips, for the able edi tors, J. M. Bayless and Benjamio Jumos Fry, for the Rev. Joscph M. rimble, tho distinguisued educator, Joseph Cummings, the genia! Clinton B. Fisk, and many others. Time will not permit even the mention of the names of members of tho former gencral conferences who have cn- riched the church with their intellectual and spiritual_power ana who have during tho last quadrenmium passed from tho church militant to the church triumphant. Duo memorial mention of them will be made clse- where, We aro solemnly admonishod of tho brevity of the timo allotied to us for our re- maining work. The day is you with us, but the night comath, We caunot tako our scats here without a cush of memories. The past comes back 1o us, the remoto past. We think of the fathers that formed tho first gen- erul conference just 100 years ago, the honored names of horoos” that built and ssed on, the great bishops snd mighty preachers who, amid toil and reproaches, laid the foundations. They stll hve and mingle with Us io our supremo momeonts. It is wlso 10 clierish their momories and in such timo as the present to gather inspirations by tho recollection of their greatlives. They wrought better thau they knew, laid foundations deeper, broader, stronger than their most sunguine hopes ever concoived. They bo- queatiiea the enlarging work to us and wo uro the inberitors of the sacred trust. It re- malus to bo proved whother by holy zeal, de- votion and herolsm and by broad, manly, Christiap statesmanship we shall show our: selves worthy to carry forward the work which they began; whother we sball moet the dematd of our time us they met the de- mands of theirs, A Quadrennium of Prosperity, We have reason for rejoicing that tho quadrennium just olosed hLis been one of marked prosperity in all esscntial respects, both at home and i all our nissionary elds, with as fow regretful incidents as could rea- sonably bo expected in a work so widespread and varied as that of a church oversproading 60 many lands and establishing and adminis- tering its agencios and austilutions amoug so many peoples of the world During the quadrenuium t bishops has been preserved in nuwber tias not been depietol some bave suffered tewp of our number have becn disabled, or save in one or two instances biuderod froum attending the work assigned them, and in no case has s conferonce or mission fleld been geprived of the presence of & bishop at the appointcd time and place t0do the appropriate work of the ofice, Our review of the work done by cach bishop at our semianuual sessions leads us to beliove that the work comuwitted 10 us bas through ourselves been cheerfully done, making due allowanos for the inficmities of men, done with couscientious pi.staking. bave duriug the period wmade more than 60,000 assignments, That, considering the fields that had to be suppliel, and consider- fog the nuwber of mwen 'bit had to be ap- polnted, there should bave becn some griev- ances on tho part of some of the churches and some complaints on 116 part of some of the preachers in the natuie of the case has Leen unavoidable; butitis gratifyiog that the friction has been so small. We mention with satisiaction the fact that both preachers aud people bLave shown us + read yestor- Delog of th ates of tho An- ay-Iilectoral that the circum- © board of hewlth. Our and though ary illness nono permanently We | ’ every token of conflaence and affection. Our | official work has not been over | burdensomn, though it has often taxed our sympathies . sorcly and made drafts on our wisdom beyond our | measure of ability. We return to you with thankful recognition of the goodness of God, | that in all our worldwida continuous travels | we have baen preserved from accident in hoalth and strength, and that our toils and duties have not beon greater than we could bear, while our comfort and joy in our work | have been both great and constant. Forelgn Visitations, Tha visits of one of our number tothe for. | eiga fields, inciuding all the annual confer. ences and missions, eithor Annually or at stated periods, is regarded as an im portant part of our supervisory duties, | both as conserving the connectional principlo | | and as a means of keeping the heart of the | chiurch in touch with 1ts cotirs constituency s0 that the lifevlood reaches every member of the body, but more yet that a lively in st may bo kept altve fu thyse distant fields and that the funds raised in their bohalf may | be judiciousty admimstered. Tho jnforma- | tion thus gained 18 not less useful to the | church at nome than beneficial to the friends abroad. It is doubtful that in the abse of | such n provision the unity of the body could | be preserved, Frequently two of our nums | ber huve been absent ab the same time. During the quadrennium the work done in foreign felds has been administersd with special care, allowing full time for extensive visits 1n each vear. Bishon Walden was det visit Mox He spont nearl in visiting the various missions ailed in 1880 to three months and schiools, He neld the conferonce 1 Guanajuata and visited most of our missions. Iu 1500 he a0 a tour of South America, looking carcfully iiito on tho west const, the self-xupporting missions furnisling thoe latest and fullest iuformation wo had yet obtmined concorning tho status of the work in that ro gion, and, passing to the east const, ho held the conforonce tu the Avgentine Rupublie, visit- ing Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil. 1u 1801 lio attended tho conferonces in FKurope, Italy, Switzorland, - Germany, Norway aud Sweden, and the missions in Bulgaria, Den- mark and Finland Bishop Warren visited and administered in Japan, Corea an north and central Ching 1700 Chow. He also visited Bulgaria, tzerland,Gormany, Donnark, Norw ay and Swaden, holding conforonces and visiting ex- tensively amoug the missions. He nlso at- tendea as frateraal delogato the British and Irish Wesloyan conference. Ho was tho first biskiop to visit Corea, bringing us tho first cepiscopal report from tho hermit nation, Bistiop Newman visited Jupan and speut twenty-five days in caroful study of the situ- ation of that important mission, doing ympor- tant work und roturning with ' valuable - formation_concerning its affairs Bishop Ninde held the coaferences in Mex- fco in 1501, and was tho_country from Christmas, 1500, till lato 10 Fobruary, 1801, visiting the unssions in the City of Mexico obla Orizaba and various other places 1z his visit ho orgamzed a new district, Hidalgo, extending the work into now rowions. Bishop Fowler under appointment mado thie civeur of tho globe inu protracted visi- tation of the missions, iving about ayear and w half to an inquiry into the state, condition and wants of the work in overy ficld. Japan, Corca aud Cuina were first admistered. He thon passea through India and spent somo tiwo with Bishop Thoburn, attending some of his conferences aud returning ho held the conforonces in ISurope, visiting Bulgaria, Ituly, Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden and Deimark, Ho also visited the Mexican field and held a confercace thero. Biskop Andrews made a tour of the Asiat work, visiting tho confercnces in China, Japan and Coron, - sailing from Vancouver and returniog 1 San Francisco. Bishop Gooasoll a year later visited and administered the saine work, giving seven months to the soveral fields. Bishop Mallalien, immedintely after the adjournment of the last general “conference, ationded the conferences in Iurope and tho missions in Bulgaria and Denmark. He also visited Fiulund and portions of Lussia with roferonco to founding missions in those re- ter e was assigned the work in Mexico, where e spent nearly threo months in visiting and preaching in nearly every mission point in the republic. These several visits show how carefully tho foroign ficlas have been administered under direct episcopal supervision. It is impossiblo to_overestimate the valuo to a wiso admimstration of mission funds of theso acnual visitations, to say nothing of tho zood which results to missions in giving cheer and comfozt to the missionaries them- seives, and of bringing tho native Christians into closo relations with the church with which they have becomo identified. Thus precisely the samo administration is pro- served throughout the world and the same Methodism is planted and growing in all langs, The Chinese, Japanese, Corean, Hindoo, Eurasian, South American, Mexican, Dane, Swede, Norwegian, German, Switzer, Itahan, Bulgarian, and ail of every tongue who are gathiered 'to our altars partake tho samo spirit and speak in different tongues the samo languags Labors of Bishops Not Lightened. Because of the iucreased number bishops at the last general conference the time dovoted by each one to hoiding anuual conferences during the past quadrennium has been less than was formerly required, | one of the leading journats can be put | appoint | zines published 10 the interast of the but this has not lightened our labors nor duniished the tmo we have given to tho work of the church. The inerease of our numbver has not lessenod the twme required of cach in attending the anuual and semi- aunual meetings of our board, and tho an- nual meotings of the genoral missionary ana church extension committees. We ulso have relations to educational and other connec- tional work which claum ooth timo and ate tention, Bevond these stated demands thero is 1o pressuro upon us for special services, It is beyond our power to meet all calls to dedicato and reopen churches, to lead in ef- forts to liquidate church debts, to uttend meetines for the furtberance of local and ed- ucational causes. The time required for an extensive and indispensable correspondenco must be found amid constant and pressing demands for theso other forms of service. Yoeur bishops at their mectings carefully review thoir episcopal work and closoly study all the denominutional 1nterests (hus brought under their common view through our Mettodist plan of general superinten- dency, These councils have had aud will coutfuue to have a helpful influence in secur- ing uniformity of administration, in strength- ening ana enlargiug the work of the shurch and n directing and utilizing manifold and effective agencies in the homo and in foreign fields. Thoy are invaluable to us as the ap- pointed lenders in the great and world-cm- bracing entervrises of our aggressive chureh, Tho church recoguizos uhat because of oyr opportunitics 1o acquira informa- tion with regard to all the fields of our church work our preseuce isimportant in tho aunual meetings of the great committees charged with the divection of her vast benevolences. We are required to travel somewhat more thau would be found necessary if the dates for bolding the annual conforences allowed us to modify our plan of visitation, but sinco we must como together Lwice & year for purposes already numed the labor and oxponses of our confor- euco travel are not materially increased by occasional long journoys. The work of Bistop Taylor, missionary bishop of Africa, will bo laid beforo you in a full and detailed report, giving you com- plete information concerning tho work done in that interesting continent, Bishop Thoburn, missionary bishop of India and Malaysia, will report in full of his work. All the iuformation roaching us from that vast and most prosperous mission fleld @ssures us that bis roport will be ful' of luterest and encouragemant, oh Literature Esrly in our history by the necessity grow- ing out of our peculiar doctrines and methods | of church life it became inevitabloe that we should create o literature adapied to cur nocas. A century of growth has developed the present status of oar publishing int ests. Tue small private room has given place to the magnificont palace on Fifth avenus, the largest religious publishiug house on the elobe, and a like establishment of | scarcely less proportions in Ciucinusti, witn branches in Chieago, St. Louis, aud deposit- ories in Philadelpbia, Baltimore, Bostou, | Pittsbuvg, Buffalo, Dotroit and San Fran- | clsco, whose snelves ure loaded with volumes iu all brauches of religious and theological learning—commontaries, grave discussions, | treatises practical, controvorsial, critical, soi- eutitie, adupted o il the varied wants of a religious and thoughtful ago. The eight-by-ten plonecr paper has flowered “futo @ family of Advos | cates. The means aro in band abunaantiy adequate to supply every family in our Churoh with awple and healthful {nforma: tion ou all curront and religious matters. It | 1s worth your consideration whethor any | messure can”ba dovised by which at loast THE OMAHA DAILY into every bome of Methodism. A mcre desir- able work ¢yuld scarcely bo accomplished. ihe Sunday School Journal reported to tho last aeneral confarence a circulation for the year 1857 of 157,746 covies. The circulation for 1501 was 186,420 copios. The Bernan lesson leaves and othor Sunday school periodicals report for 1501 a circula tion of 2,963,620 coples, an increase over that of 1857 of 476,517 coples. Bosides the authorized journals riany local and private papers claiming to be Mothodistic have sprung up. Their number has rapidly augmented since the gencral confercuce of 1884 authorizea the bishops to editors of unofficial papers or maga. Moth- odist Episcopal chureh., It doubtful whother the provisions to guard this matter by requiring action on the part of the anoual conferences conceraed has met the purposo of the general conference. No Sehisms of Ouatbrenks. is No sorious schisms or outbreaks have oc- cured during the quadrennium in the body, cither with respect to tho doctrine, economy or administration. General harniony has provailed. The laws of tho ehurch have boen administerod with reasonavlo fidelity, and have approved themselves efficient 1o prescrve tho hoealth and peace of “the body. Tho doctrines em bodied in our articios of religion and preached from our pulpits find no occasion either for suppression or revision. Our general churen polity romains satisfactory to our preachers and poople, with rars excen tions, requiring no otner medification than sich changes as our rapid growthana widen- ing operations wmay demaund. Our doctrine and methods, once greatly opposed, have so approved themselves to our sister donomina- tions a8 to be extensively embraced and practiced by them greatly 1o their advantage in religious power and usefulnoess, Spicitunl State of the Chureh, by tno orderly lives of our people, by the beneficent nctivities lurger than at any former period—we be- lieve that the tone of piety 1s not diminish- ing among us. Changes there are, porhaps an incvitable outgrowth of the marvelous age in which we ure living, but dospite tuem and rogretting somo of ihem we aro still con- strained to the view that there is, on the whole, substantial improvement. We sym- pathize with tho idea that notwittstanding aboundiag evils both the church and general society are advaucing to a better future. No age Lias equaled tho present in the successful search for truth ana in the amenities which spring from truth, Tho chureh uuiversal is doing more earnest, practical work than over 1f wo may judge bofore. Thoro 1s more iutelligenco both in tho pulpit and the pew; tho work to be douo is botter understood and more in hand, If thero is less zenl for the mint aud aniso and cumin, thero is moro charity and beneiicent acuvity with less of bigotry and intolerance, Churchos are drawing noarer togother and co-working with more narmony. If there is less emotional ex- perience thero is reason to believo thero is an increaso in religious stability. But there are conspicuous evils in society wiich continuo to awakon deep sonicituaé and call for in- cronse of spiritual agencies for their removal. Heart power is still the great want. T'ho as- sault is still on faith. Nothing but the pres- cenco of God in the hearts of His people can win the day. More and more the struggle niust b for a holy church. Charitable Work. It is a mattor of spocial than the church is more and more taking on tho seuso of the imvortance of humauitarian worls which was so conspicuously taught by our Lord and which from the first bus dis- giving that tinguished His Spirit. Hospitals for tno sick and unfortunate, orphanages for the parentless, and industriol and churchly agon- cies for the care of the poor are ve. coming more numerous ana eflicient in our groat citios. These naturally aro a later growth of our church life, but it may be hoped may become a rapid and vigorous development as our people in- creaso in wealth, Tho Methodist Episcopal uospital in Brooklyn, Y the Old People’s home in New York, and such insti- tutions in other cities, and the orphunages in Philadelphia, New York and many other places wo have reason to believe are the barbingers of a time uet for distart when ample provision will be rade for all the un- fortunate who need and deserve such min- istration. Rovivals, It is & matter of rejoicing that the spirit of revivals which so marvelously chavacterized our beginuing has not departed from us, and that the sigus of vigorous growth and in- crease do not diminish with our age. Re vivals are attended with loss excitement, but more stable results as a rule, where the re- vival occurs unaer the direct labors of the pastors themselves, The increase of the church during the quadrennium is lghly gratifying. At the last general couference in 1538 the wholo number of communicants, including mem- bers and probatio: X 5, show- ing an increase during the previous four yoars of 264,401, Ths 1ncrease in the last Tour years exceeds that number, tho total membership boing et present 2,202,614, Dur- ing tie four years probably’ 150,000 have diea. This number, added o the increaso during the quadrennium, shows an ag. gate of 412,000 <ouls added to the chiurch by profession of faith duving the last four years, @ chureh created larger than all of Mcothod- ism at the end of tho first fifty years of its existence. Prosperity of Other Churches, ‘We also note as an occusio; thankfulness that during the same period other obrauches of our sister Methodism throughout the world have shared with us in these tokens of general prosperity—notably our sister tho Methodist Episcopal church south. All reports indicate a remark- able advance aloug the lines of religious activity i this body. Nor would we fuil to make mention with like rejoicing thavall the orthodox branches of the American church of profound are eujoying more or less prosperity. To an unusually large extent, the spirit of revival pervades nll - evaugelical churches. We salute all divisions of the great army in the name of-the Lord and rejoieing in ali their suceesses wo pray for their larger prosper- ity and moro_abundant increase. No good comes to Zion 1n all hex borders in which we aro not sharers. The Ecumemenl Conference, In Ootober last the serond ecumenical con- ferenco which now seems to take form us an organic part of all Methodism, a umversal dezenniul conference, mot in the national capital. It was What 1is name purports, a world’s convocation. ‘Tnere wero ropresenta- tives prosent from all lands and from all brauches of the family, the number reaching 500, The body sat with undiminished inter- est fouleen daye, It was a traly great ocoa- sion. There reason 1o hope that much poermanent good will rosuly from that confer- euce. The proceedings have already boen given to the world in~ o volume of bistoric value, Tha visit of our foreign brethren awakened profound interest in all our sea- board cities, and their sermonsand addresses quickened and deiighted ull the cnurcnes wherever they appeared. Universal Moth- odism is of one blood and speaks one lan- guage and breathes one spirit. The vast audiences which crowded our metropolila churen from day to day and from early mor.- ing to late at night can never forget tho deep and genuine entbusiasm and glowing religious fervor which continued without avatement throughout. The range of topics discussed embraced &ll the practical ue: tions of the times, and many of the paper were able 10 a marked degroe. It is gratify- ing to record that brothers without distin tion of color mingled with ecasy cordiality aud without any apparent discrimination, not only at the communion, but both in the ad- miuistration upon the platform and speechos from the floor, work of Commissions, In accordance with the Jdirectlon of the last general conference the bishops ap- pointed u comission on the constitution of the geueral couference and the organic law of the church; A commission on educa- tional work of the church; a commission on tho fraternity and unity of the churches. At the proper timethe reports of the comnis- slous will ve reported to the body. The bishops also, as directed by tho last general coufercnce, appointed fraternsl delegates to other churches, who will also, it is presumed, vevort their visits and ofiicial ac Constitutional Questions. ‘The bishops present herewith a detailed report of the vote of the laity on the ques- tion of the eligibility of wowen as lay dele- gutos iu the eloctoral and general confe euces, and of the annual conferences oo that and other constitutional questions. To Dr. Monroe, seoretary of the genoral confer- ence of 1858, they are greatly indebled for tho collection and tabulation of these re- turns. The following is a summary of the soveral votes as received: Ou the question, Shall women be eligible as lsy delegates it BEE THURSDAY, MAY the electoral and _lay conforences of the Methodist Episcopal churchi” the wote of the laity stood as follows: For, 235,008; against. 163,%43; total. 511. On the same question the vote of the ministry stood thus: For, 5,600; acainst, 5,144, total, 10,753, On tho pmun-(!mn to change the second restrictive rulo by insert. ing the words, “‘and the snid delogates may ve men or women' (see journal of general conference 1S5S, pages 65 103 and_100), tho | votn of the ministry stood : kor, iawrainst, 4,765; total 10,542, Ono tho proposition sub’ | | { mitted by the general conferenco to equalize the number of ministerial and lay delegates the vote of the wmmrv Ty 2,800 against, 5,491 ; total, On tho proposition “Subinitted to the annual conferences at the request of the Philadel- plia conference to ‘amend the second ro strictive rule so that: ft_should read as fc fows: ““The genoral conferenceshall becom- nosed of winisteraland lay delegates who shall always deliverate and voto as ono body and never as separate orders. There shail | be as many lay delegatos for an annual con fereuco as thero aro thinisterial, but the go: ral conference shall not allow more that ono ministerial representative for overy fourteen members of an auunal conference; nor a less number than one for overy furty-five; pro- | video, nevertheless, that when thero shall bo | in any annual conference a fraction of two- | thirds the number which shail bo fixed for | stood: the ratio of representation such unuual con- | be entitled to an additional vrovided, tho ferenco shall delegate for such fraction: snd also, that no conforonce shall be denied privilege of one ministerial and vne lay d gate,"” tho vote of the ministry stood: Lor, | 10; ngainst, 4,840; total, 7,1 Stated Benevolence All the stated bonovolonces are imvortant, as representing in differont dogrees existing wants and as furnishing the most eficient ana least expensivo nethods for providing for the needs. Alike they rest upon tho rinciple of Christian stewardship: namely, that those who have arc in duty bound in the measure of their ability io provide for those who huve not, Departments “Tho heads of dopartments will, in their re- ports through their respective committee set forth in dotail their labors and the r sults during the quadrenpinm, und we are confident that the showing will be creditable to their diligence and sausfactory to the church, Tho great benevolences have all ad vanced, and other forms of church work have fully kept pace with the growth ot the | church in numbers and wealth, a fair if not a perfect test of tho enlightened piety and spirituality of the body. Church Property and Contributions. In 1857 and 1888 the number of churches was 20,155, Thero are now 23,305, Tho alues in tho tormer period were $50.512,- 21 at the present date they are $US,134,113, This incroase is to a considerable extent due 1o tho board of church extension. The amount contributed for missions in ISS7 and 1888 was 3010,924; 1890 and 1501 tho sum had swelled to 31,251,030, For freedmen’s aid and southern education the sum received (rom all sources in 1887 and ISS8 was §165,271. In the year just closed the receipts woro 322,06 "Tne Board of Education raised in 1887 and 1858, SIS,4033 in 1801, 862,502, an_ increuso of 24300, The other benevolences, without exception, show . corresponding increase. It thus appears that thers is a most heattaful progress all along the line. The nggregate receipts of the missionary ocioty, board of church extension, I'reed- men’s’ aid and southern education’ society, voard of education, Sunday school union, tract society, woman’s foreign and women's | home missionary society for the quadren- nium from 1534 to IS8T was £6,162,539; for tho quadrennium of 1555-01 the figures at band aggregate more than $5,00,000, showing an iucrease of nearly 2,000,000, Missionary Work, When we considor tho actual condition of the world, its widespread, almost universal beathenisin, with 1ts open doors, wo are con- strained 10 feel that moro and more the church must take on the obligation to extend and multiply its missionury agencies, The direct command of our lLord urges this as the great duty of the hour, We must yo with the message of salvation or prove recreant to our mission. There are thou- sands of opou doors waiting for us. To fail in this effort 1s treason to our trust. 1f the evangelization of the nations 1s our special great commission it zo less inheres our work to provide fortho Christian traiming and education of those who through our la- bors aro brought into tho expericnce of the great salvation. It was among tno carlizst thoughts of our honored founder to provide for this want. Theidea hus grown with our erowth and strengthened with our strength. We have regarded enlightened education tho broadest and fullest as the most belpful handmaid of renigion. No church can long survive in an en- lightened age which fails to mako provision for the highest inteilectual growth of its constituents. There never was an g whon the aemand was so great as at preseat. It 15 0 matter of rejoicing that our church is increasivg in its cducational facilitie: Qur schools of all grades, academics, col- legiato iustitutes and universities are nealthfully growing in number, equip- ment und endownent, and in the quality of the worl dose and the ability of the workers employed; the number of stu cuts, both male and female, of ull colors and tongues, that crowd our halls rapidly in- creasing witl each succoeding year. Tho ratio of cultured people that adorn our homes and occupy the vews of our churches is constantly increasing, ‘There is still room for largor endowments and higier grades Our theologival schools call for your most thoughtful care. It should begin with more vigorons protection against tho admission of improper persons. An educated pow wi not lone endure an upeducated pulpit. No amount of loyulty can withstand tho strain of attendance upon u ministry which shows want of ability to teach, W e must weat the demand for an cducated pulpit, nous other can bold and guido the present and the comig ages, but the divine qualification of o personal experienc and now wust more and more bo insisted uvon. The means of praparation are now so abundant and within casy reach that we must insist that candidates should show themselves worthy by gowng through tho necessary apprenticesbip. Tho need of the chiurch today is vot unprepared men; and those who have not the self-endurance to secure the outfit should, with rare exception, bo turned back to other callings. Kind of Preachers W Phere is 1o danger of failure to Methodism either on account of her creed or polity. It she shall evor fail it will e in the quality of the men wio fill hor pulpits and divect ber counsels, Trere is danger at this point, Whuat she wants now and what sho wants foraver 1s manly, devoted. earnest men, who preach the 'gospel from convietion and who find so much in its great themes tiav they will not disgrace | the sacred office by shollow artitices to cateh the vopular favor, wko will bo so absorbed 1n saving men that they eannot becomo tii servers or sensational demagogues, men wh by zeal for truth will find no timo for idii and who by having close communion with God will carry the savor of His presence into tho pulpit aud into the market places ani | howes of the psople. The church wants no place seekers at her altars, no idlers, no shal- low pretenders, but men, great. manly, hon- est, earnest, who will live and dio for tho truth; she wants no traitors, ue men thuat stand’ o the market waiting for a bid, that think only of solf and have a telescopic eye to discorn every chanco | for promotion or emolument. The church wants mon with great thoughts to grow sub ated, lime as they work for tho uplifting of hu- | manity and the building of the kingdom. ! Reforms in Local Clreuits, | There is reason to fear that we | have lost the art of utiliziug our | local mimstry. A good service | would bo done by this conference | if it could deviso a plan which would them out as of old to the school house rewote places, whore for the love of it, v out pay, they would preach the gospel. Much work s needed both in town aud coun- try where no pay is possible. There are men who support themseives in secular call- 10gs who bave avility, who can preach, and | whio would love to preact, and whose minis- | try would boa powgr, but who aro mero ciphers for the waut of opportunity. Msoipline. In the matter of ‘éxercising discipline in | the house of (lod she appoiuted pastor is vested with authority, but he is not a mas. ter, but a father rawigr. His own 1ifo nceds to be striot, vut nok austere. lere beshoula administer’ toe most searching discipline, | not to convert himstif into an auchorite, but to show nimself in ol thiugs obedient to the law of Cnrist. His relation 10 the eburch is tbat of a shepherd, guide | yet,incidental to excossivo | on all the divisions of the trives. 1892~TWELVE PAGE and counselor, & father in the midst of his | | of sunual couferences have precisely the tho grade of children. Austerity and severity aro equally to be avoided. A loving, tender, gentle, patient spirit, but loyal and' faithful, becomes the pastor ot a Christian flock. His business isto fove and win sous to Christ, and to watch over them that e may keep them in the fold —® sway with the olive branch or reseue with the crook, rather than to terror- izo with the rod, Woman's Work, Tho provision made for the work of doa- conesses, which the last general conference witely put under the care of the annual con forences, lias boen carried futo successful oporation in many places, We cannot doubt that it will opon doors of usefulness to a largo class of consecratea and intelligent womes. We commond to your attention tho importance of 1moro exact provisions—provi sions for the careful solection, puolic recog: nition, training and government of this class of worke The Epworth League, ho Epworth leaguo deserves special men- tion as a vory notable ana_vrovidential out growth, Itis a consolidation of the Oxford loagne and four othor young poople’s so- cieties which have sprutig un_ in the church. There had long been a asm between the adult church and the Sabbath school which was not adeguately provided for. The mauhood and womanhood of the church, s important n factor, seemed to lack o place and an opportunity for the best use ana development of their nowsrs, The pworth feaguo i3 a natural supply for this want, ata tho force of need which created it it bas developed as by a leap into great power. Though not yot threo yoars sinco the consolidation tovk place, tho league 1fow has 8,000 local chap: ters, with an aggregate membership of a 1HLO less t fa million. Wisely man ared it cannot fail to becomo a most agency, The Ame citicient 1ean University, have been taken for the of & university at_ the capital of the nation. A churter has been securad, o voard ot trustees nas been constituted, sub- ject to the approval of the woncral confer ence, and an eligible sito has been purchased ard paid for at the cost of 100,000, In order 10 its endowment and prepuratory toits oper- ation thero should not be less thin £,000,000, whilo ‘we regard £10,000,000 nccessary to its full equipment, 1t might bo wise for tho gencral conference to commend it to the men The initial stops lishment vrecisely the samo treatment. All members same rights, determined by their orders, as deacons and olders. No arrests woro mado, althouzh the rampus Attracted considerablo attention and resulted in alittle bloodashed, Plass for the now German Luthe | Tn view 'of those facts it can hardly be | church at Wost 1'oint have. e comorod possible that our bretaren of color oan per- | by an Omaba architect, The stracturs. 1s | Sundo themselves that they havo mttained | 1q cost &,500. ki stato whero total severance from their white | brethren, which has boen suggestod from | A Mt sack being earricd from North | without, 'would be to their advantage or to | or \0 (Hlencon, in a buegy, caught fire and tho AvRntgo of the race, . oy st neod | Lonsiderabie maii was damaged. A match the counsel and aid, financial and spiritual, [ "5 dropped into the sack which the bost brain and heart aond wealth Earl Higby, o lad living with his paronts of their fellow Christians can_furnish them. | S1&DY miles “from Ellon crcok, has wmystor . | The races neod each othor. The mattor is | 1ously disappeared. It is believed ho has 4 ono_in which wo have common interest as | been kidnaped of tho sats body of Corist Tharty-fiva delogatos were proseat Fopular Amusemonts. Sohiaty p Lranding the Young Peopla's Tha attitude our church holds toward popu: | Furaus, Harian, Rod Willow, Dundy s far amusemeonts has been from the first o f | Hiteheock counties were roprosentod extremo opposition, — becauso tho popular | {org iy the original town of Janso | amusements current at the time whon tho | gecdoq wi ERIBoN . st great spiritual awakening callod Mothodism b b At arose were extromely immoral and dobasing; nd against all such amusemeuts and ovary amusement offeusive to conscience ani deadening to spiritual sensibilities her voice has always been lifted in carnest protest. That thore are allowable recreations and amusements is not doubted by all_inteiligent people, Tho e is not difticult to discern. What the church has a vight to expect of her wembers is not that they will becomo hermits or convert the everyday lifo into a round of sustorities, nor on tho other hand to deerade it into a round of frivolitios which aro equally offensive to good sense, morality and relizion, but that thoy will aet'in o manver befitting serious and sensible religions peoy Polities, With regard to politics, the attitude of our church s strenuously nonpartisan and nen sectional, Itacknowledges no allegiance to auy political creed or association, 1t urges all its me s who have tho rie to vote to discharge that duty, but it _leaves o ter absolutely free from ecclosiastical in terference. When moral issue aroe ofore tho public our peopie are iuvariably found on the side of tho highest standard, but even then they choose their own party afilintions. o the Seculur Pross, The attitudo we hold ns a_church toward the secular press is one of friendliness. Wo recard it as tho most mastorful foree deve ovod by our modern civilization. 1ts potency for £ood or evil is immensurable. \Wo would not diminish its power, but we do deeply de ploro its frequont prostitution to tho ser- and women who possess large woaith 08 a sul.hmlx' object for their libel gifts, Tho charter of the American university places the institution under the dircet con- trol of the church, aud requires thut its board of trustees be confirmed by thom. and succeeding geneval conferonces. Methodist b With respect to our foreign populations of all nationalities and relizions, our iecling is not one merely of friendliness, but of deep fraternal interest. We regard ull men as brothers of ono blood and nature, and cheer- fully accord the same rights and privileges which we claim_ for ourseives and our cbildren, Ior generations past it has been the boast of Americans that the oppressed of all nations could here tind asylum and liberty. We have no desire to abiandon this position, and immigration, wo vs of a formidable char- acter come into vicw. We are uot ready for aiment of “America for Americans,” aning only the American born, but we do ent the doctrine of the franchiso for Ameri- ized citizens. Natuvalized citizenship should alvavs imply Americanized citizen- snip. Though we mamtain services in the languages of many nationalitics, we seci: the ling For Foreigners, recoznize that dan speedy Americanization of all who como within the sphere of cur church life and in- tluence. The poliey of encosraging commu- nities of foreign born citizens and their chil- dren to continue foreign in thoir language, schools, church tastes and social hebits we regard as both unwise and unsate. We preach the gospel to foreigners in their native tongue and es- tablish churches among them, ot to hinder them from becoming Americans, but to md them to become Christians while the prac: of Amenicanization i5 going forward. We must continue these churches so long as thoe tide of tmmigration fows in upon our shores. It 15 no small part of our mission 1o instruct the poople who gather about our altars that in adopt- ing America as their homo and the homo of their children, they should as rapialy as possible assimilate wicir ideas, langtage and customs 1o thoso of their adopted coautry Our sympatay is the same for all. whother they onter ouf tuud from the east or wost ate, from beathen of from Christian lauds. We believe that there is vitality enough in our republican institutions and in our patriot- ism to endure o great strain, but wo sco omens of peril and symptoms of anarchism in many forms. peial and Economic Questions. Wo beliove that tho doctrines and princ ples of the word of God embraced and ap- plicd und cspecially the spirit of the new commandmext. that ye love ono another, con- tain the panacea for all the social and moral cvils that afitict our race. The relations of capital and labor, morc broadly of wealth and poverty, have becomsa great problem of the age. That it involv issues’ no thoughtfui wind can doubt. The pid accumulation of enormous wealth in the hands of & fow successful speculator: the tendency to 1ts concentration in a lim- ited class of not always the most worthy, the grinding and soulless monoj 0.ies impover inz the masses ure not ouly producis dangerous and widespread discontent, but are exciuing hato and arousing tendencies which will be more aud more aifticult to r press, and which 1f ot arrested may lead to riot and revoiution, Temperance Problem, The attitude we hold toward the drinik trafc and the saloon remains unchanged. Drunkeuness and drunkard-making are aliko offensive to God and ruinous to man. Mod- erate drinking, so called, is the bane of soci- ety eud tho chiefl support of the nefarivus traftic. Wo hold with unabated tonacity to the oft repeated statement that total absti- nence 1s the only safety for the individual, wod that complete legal prohibition of the traffic 1he urgent duty of the state. Chinese Immig Wo understand that proposea legislation is now pending in congress by which all Chinese immigration into this country is pro- hibited. We tegard this action as niexcusa- bl and,inhuman, and wyite the attention of the general conference 1o the need of prompt action 0 petitioning congress not o con- sumuiato the evil proposed, Christian k'r; nity. The attitude of our church towara other angelical bodies has always been ono of the broadest catbolicity and 108t genuine fra vices and promotion of vice. It ought to be the friendly and constant ally of purity, morality and religion, the advocate of all measures for the reforin of abuses and re pression of erimo. Duty of the Hour, No assembly of men was over more grave and woighty needed more the grace and prudetce and the wisdom that cometh from above. Society is feverish, you noed cquipoise. The times aro thered for work: none ever excited, You need calmness. God has put you in a placo of wreat responsibility. You are the representation and guardian of tho greav church whoso lines r Carth oven to tho ends ¢ you do canuot out iuto ali th world, What ail to be franght with mighty consequences. It you shall b able wist ounseis and proper legislation to add to the atready existing forces for =ood and devise new agencios for larger usefulness, your us sembling will bo a benediction. 1 on the othar hand by rollowing false hghts you ken and eripploexisting agencies and add clements of ovil aud strifa your assembling may prove a source of untold calamity to the cluirch and to the race. You are heroto deal with one specific problom. 1115 not a prob- lem of doctrine. Thero arono unsettled arti cles in our creed calling for restatement or improvemont either ia lotter or spirit. Tho ageis seetting with questions and hoary creeds aro calling for revision, but these questions do not trouble you. 1t is not a problem of how to quiet dissatisfaction or allay strife; tho cbureh has uover been in greater peace or-a better temper of loyalty throughout all her borders Tho most mportant question beforo you how to improve the tono of our piety give greater eflicioney to our agencies. a question of zirding for the great worlk for which the ehurch exists. The question 15 how soon shall the gospel Lo chiciently vreachied to the nations, and how shall wurch of God bo established throughout ail the earth; and how shall this beanch be mostableto perform its part of the great work? Thisis the questfon you are hera to answer. It1s our joy that there are others who share the responsibility with us, toat we are not alone. We might despair as we look cut oa the amazing reed wero wo left alone to provide for it. Indeod, we should despuir with all our sister churches were it notthur we and they havo God, who is more than all and above all, to help us. Keep the prizo steadily in view, be of good cliecr—fulter not—thoe age of ages is in its morning—the great opportunily has come. Iiven dinlcets and tongues no longer separ- ated by distance or impassable lines, the con- tending battaiions —all forces aro in the ficld ~tho battle is already set, ‘The mighty Captain_with His name, God of Lords and King of Kings, unon His vesture gives com- mand today—the victorious shout of onward onward rings loud and clear along the ad- vancing column, It is an nour for cvery licutenant to be at bis post. The church which you represent by right of numbers anéd of aggressive forco stands as color-bearer for the advancing legions. Tho adorable name 15 ths magic word em- blazoned on her bauners. God has place you in the erisis and at the crisis point. This honor is placed upon you, notsimply your Kmsmen uro watching you with anxious hopes, anxious thal you may uot waver, anxious that tue uncient glory of your arms wmay not bo tarnishea, anxious’ for your triumph, palpitating with mingied hopo and fear, but more yot worldwido ohristendom from a thousand points whero danger threatens is beholding your movements with brenthless interest: nor is that all. 1s it too much to say that God himself from bis throno nas his eve upon you with intensest intorest! Thus environed, brothers, movo forward calmly, thoughtfnily, prayerfully, with your oye steadily fixed on the Master for diree- tion and strougth. e vigilant, ieave no un- i { snot, make no mistake, When the thirty days' work is may return in peaco and comfort to hotes and charges and duties with an’ ap- proving couscicnce and with the blessing of an approving chureh upon you; and when ali the days arc done und you stand 1o give ac count may it bo your joy to hear iho Master bimself say, *“Well aone.” Pray for vs; help us, and the God of peace Dbless “you with all heavenly biossings in Christ” Jesus, Amen, THoMAs done you your, 1z LBOWMAN, toruity and romuiis 80 in growing measur Thore are differences, but thoy are non- sscutinl, cleuvages but not separations. Thore is'a growing spirit of unity aud fel- lowship. There 1may come a time when the walls erecteu by human fraility will murk ouly sueh differcnces asthe best use of powers will continue 1o require; these may possibly remain forever, but not in such measure s Lo disturb the deeper unity in our common faith, but only such as to cortribute 10 the symmeiry and power of ali the mem- bers of the body, We pray and Jong for tha duy. Meantime we join all our brothren in loving clforts to britig about the coming of the kingdom and rejoice in all their suc cesses, Over all wntervening obstructions we extend the band of fellowship, and above all the din of contention we lift tho voice of salutation, Blessiugs on all tha tribes and All hail to auy worker in auy part of tho fieid We rejoice that the Methodist Episcopal chureb, like the church triumphant, is mado up of muny kindreds aud tribes, sud nations and tongues, o outone . trine, one set of rignts for all. Weo find onn ness in Christ and oneness in s common brotherbood. rroblem, Tho ‘‘race problem’ 15 a phrase well un- derstood Awong us. PPerhaps the time has como for defining again the attitude we hold as & church to the question. Wao declare, tuerefore, that the attitude of our church has been from the first, long before thoe emauci- pation of the colored race, ono of opposition to their enslavemout, an opposition nounced in our earliest disciplive and cou- | tinued until their liberation. We hay ways afirmed thew Lo bo our brotuers, of tho sawo blovd and stock of all the races which Ccompose one cummon humanity. As such we have claimed for them the saine rights and privileges which belong o ali other branches of the common family. This is our unquali- fied position now. | With respect to our own members of color, twenty five years of labor and sacrifico wwong them have increased our interest in thelr welfare. They occupy preciscly the same position as to rights and vrivileges a8 | every otlier member of the body aud recoive | good paper, but iv grows brighter Ryxnoren S, Posmn, SN M. MiRiiLe, 15wanb G ANDIEWS, Hexiy W, WaRKEN, Cyrus D, Foss, Jonx 0 Huer, WitLia X. Nixpe, 15 M. Wannis, WinaKD K. MaLiaLiey, Cuanies B, FowiLEk, ony H. Viscast Jamus N. Brrzagnin, Tasac W, Jover dony 1 NEWNSAY, Daxten A, GoobseLL, - FRON "KOUND ALOCT US, Indianola is to have a cheoso factory. Paving work is being pushed ut Hastings with 100 men and L enty teamns Osceola has 8 flourishing republican club Half of the members are furmers ire at Paddock, Holt county, « stroyod tho store of Berry & Itoe, causing a loss of £2,000 It 1s said the Burlington will erect kilus to burn elay for rvoad bal i and Tawora Red Cloud republicans have organized a club, with 15) members, and elected W. 5. Garber as president. The village trustees of Stanton have let o contract for plans aud specifications for system of waierworks Kearney's militia company is to be ro cruited again. Fifteen members of the com | pany were discharged for cause The wife of o Russian favmer near Aurora was assaulted and oratully treated by Turkish veddler. The man hai boen ar rested. A viclous stallion nearly killea Eti RRoten of Trigmph, Custer couuty, before wen with clubs could beat tho horso off from bis vioum, p The Norfolk News has started upon its It bas always bon @ sixth year a3 a daily. od better with age. D. ¢, Pettit of Fremont was biding by his wife aod her they alleged, he had traducod t bad uot lived ysith bis wife for come tiwe, fore ail saloons have been W avplications for liconses in the original town have boen made, and Mr. Jansen proposos to fight them. A heavy u udditions n washed away a West Point -(m.n\,nu and a lady foll into a holo foar feot °p whero the walk ought to have been e was badly braisod, and her warnis scroam provented soveral other ladios from falling into the same hole All of the teachers in the publio schools at Sldney took excoptions to some disconrteons treatrent on the part of the school board and resigued in body, Considerablo ex citemont prevails, and af they do not have another month of school the district will lose fts stato apportionment this year. Thero 1s preat complaint among the fisher men along the Kikhorn from Stanton to West Point beeause of the searcity of fish in tho river. Some of thom lay the vlame on tho dam at West Point, but the Cutwing County Advertiser says thero uro parties living on tho Bikhorn viver south of Hoojor who rot only seino the river, but who have a wire not strotehied continually so as to pre vent the fish from going up the river. At the last meoting of tho Hastines city council some member brought up the fact that there had been apparently something pecuiinr i tho management of tho city wator Works during tho yoar ending May i, 1502 Itis alleged” that” thore was considerabiy wore coal used 1 proportion to the wat pumped in that year than in- the year onding. May 1, 1580 A committeo of tho council was appointed to 1nvestizate the matter aud TOpOrL At tho regular moeting on uoxt Mon- day nignt, - EDUCATION AL, Tho traditional school room blackboard is now accused of being n sight destroyer. The Yalo seniors areto wear cap and gown from the [Zaster vacation tll the end of the tern. Iainburgh university is onoof the chief medical centers in tho world, It was founded n 152, Tho oldest and larzost modical America’is that of the University of Penne yivauia. 1t was founded in 1365, and has wraduated 10,458 men By the wili of the late Dr. . Haye his alma water, tho University of 1 van 55,000 and tho | well known book on the pra ot surgery Mrs. Williams, New York's woman school commissionor, is chairman on tho committeo on evening sehiools, and making a groat cess 1 the dive evenjug senool sehool in Agnew nnsy! rocecds of his ts ic i of work. Welch Hall, be nauded over the new Yalo dormitory, will 1o tho corporation at tho June meoting and _appropriate exercises will follow. Tho ball will furnish accommoua- tions for seventy-five stuc Oune-half of the Fayc Cornell. wmounting to paid to the trastees and _invested Iyn real ostate. I'ne income witl defraying part of the general penses The pointed bequost to has_ boen in Brook baused in college ex §10),000, trustees of Johns Hopkius bave ap President Gilman and Prof. Simoz Newcomb as tho representatives of the $10tt versary of Trinity coliege, Dublin, in July, Prosigent Patton will represent Princeton, 'Tho schools for trained nurses arc now coming in for their shares in tho estatas of those who dio aa leave funas to worthy in- stitutions. This shows that schools” for trafned nurses are geiting to be recoguized and highly respected affair Plans for a new gynnasiun nave been prepared wnd will bo suomitted av thenext meeting of the board of trustees, when an effort will be made tosecure enougli money for tho erection of the new buildiug. “The present *eym,” the gift of Kobert Box ner of New York, has lon boen inadequate to the needs of Princeton athletes, Bishop PPhillips Lrooks and other promi- nent graduates of Harvard have undertaken to establish a mawazine to be devoted ex clasively to the interests of Harvard, aud to record the lives and doings of the college alumni in oll parts of the world, T'he wag zine is to be issued quarterly, and all 11 vard graduates are asked to assist in enterprise. “Timothy Hopiins has mado provision for dowment and _maintenance of the Sea- _aboratory at Pacitic Grove recently es- Tablis der the auspices of the Leland s university. It is intended ko this a piace for original investiga- tion of the habits, lifo history, stracture for Princeton development of miarino animals and plants and Lo carry oa work here similar o that which has made the acquarium at Napics Known all over tie worid. Tho laboratory will ba uader the diroction of Profs. Gilbert, Jenkius und Campboll, According to tho lioston Harvard collego is undertaking the task of gotting n compicte colioction of flowers in Rlass modols, | T secrot of muking thoso imodels is known only 10 w0 brotliers named Blaschka In Dresdon, and thoy are under contract 1o work only 1or Harvard during the next unino years. The younger brothor is now in Jamaica studying the plants of tho istund, aud in u fow weeks ho will como ta Camuvridge s tho guest of Prof, Goodalo, Afterwards bo wil tavel west, niaking o collection of the typieal Amorican flower A will thon return 1o Gormany to begiu the worg of rveproduecing them in ass, The ons already received the Agassi | thuseum aro marvels of ingenuity. Advertiser SCIENCE has achieved @ great triumphi the production of | {BE E 0 HAM'S ; PlLLS which will curo Siok P PTEPEESDICLI LG IS PIIIELP S, " WORTH A GUINEA A EOX. "i % Science H g 3 endnche andall Ner- vous Minovdera nricing f Dige , Coustipation dered Liver j and they nill qulekly re- tore women 10 complite health, Covered with a Tasteloss & Solublo Coaling, Of all dr Price 2% A box, lVIEDICvAL cqists. 25 conts Vol Depot, 265 € anal St — L Beauty often depends on plumpness; so does comfort; so does health. If you get thin, the is somcthing wrong, though you may fecl no si it n of it, | Thinnes | sometimes ct T'he plumpne itsel itsel the a f is first sign sign § 5 not, way to sret is by CAREFUL | LIVING, ich sometimes in- | cludes the use of Scott's | | Emulsion of cod-liver oil. | Let us send you—free—a | i back 285 little book which throws much (] light on all th subjects, Bowsu, Chem 32 South sth Aveate, Vour corts Exmulion of cod-lver oil=all druggists everywhere do, $a. l e A i kaacaf