Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, April 17, 1892, Page 7

THE OMAHA DAJLY BEE: INDAY, APRIL 17, 1892--SI) TON E. DIXON'S ADDRESS Moved by the Nearness of Death He Writes of His Orime and Tri HIS LIFE IN THE ARMY AND JAIL When Cos Was Lynched Dixon Was Hidden in the Cellar~! w He Conslders His Conviction —~Ready to Die and Fuall of Forgiv ness. Chinton E. Dixon, the condemned soldier Eumbror who is to pay the penalty of his ime on tho scaffold next Friday, has com Ploted the history of nis army life and ®xperionces ou the frontier, togother with his story of the crime for which he is to die nd the su. uent proceedings in which he as figured, While his orthography is some- hing frightful and his grammar not always bove criticism, the story is set forth by the tncnhurnd author with remarkable vivia 0ss. Although the story is too long for ublication in its entirety,” much of it befng istory of genoral knowledge, n part of it is Wortty of reproduction and is given hero: “‘My dear follow cittzons as i have but a &nw days more to live I thought i would give ou a history of my cituation and the cur- omstances that brought me to it. But i am 03t curten that most of you kuow tho caso nd how | was convicted Without meo telling znu. But to give you n good and truc idea f bow A poor buck private is treated and hat show he stands amongs the oficers of he army who may choos to call them such I will just give you a few colsm of my ex- earances and outrages. 1 allways got along rst class in the armey, and to tell you the truth i allways hked soldiering I had some yerry good times and some horrible tuff Yimes to. But these at pressant are tho worst i ever seen and i suppose thay are Bs tuff as a man cares to see. “I tell you this is worse then fighiting ndians, ‘A follow in an indian fight some- imes has a show to get away from getting - Eurd'od or_slaughtered when they get the est of you But it is differend in the U. S. is. court of the united states. No Hope of ¥ “Hero when they get a poor unfortunated ‘Duck private under thair hands without any E‘enm\ or friends to defond himself with they cape. ave smooth salling and no matter whether 0 is guilty or not they will shurely find him gullty if 1t is possible to do so and thair is no posibility at all when they have the hole army to sware agancdd you and tho hole court prejust of you so thay take xnd iry you and convicted you Whare thay might #s well saved the truble of all this unnesity and sentanced me without a trile. I would had just s much show. But they concittered to give mo a trile to make things a llttie justas like and convince he people that i had a fair and just trile. uvit was nothing buta matter of form. 'hey were bound to make an excample of me na 80 thair was no show for a poor unfortu- nated fool 1iko me to buck aganced the hole armoy and the court to. So i am now patenitly waiting for tho clemoncy of the };resldunl to decide one way orthe otner. ut I truely and sincerely hopo that he the Prosident and farther of the united states and superior of all bis pupils will not see one of his soldier boys that surved his contry so 5 fl-ucfun for five long years suffer such & horivle and unjust sentance that is stareing mo in the faco this verry minute. {‘-m positive that if ho reads over my case o shurely a Loyer himselve cant heip but ce that it is all a ono-sided and unjust trile and & put up skeme, And if i had the means to carry it to tho supream court I would proved it so and surpiced some of theso smort people. But.that 1 did not have. So i have to suffer the consequances like every Jnan has to in this unjust forsakened world.” fils Army History, ‘Chon follows the story of his soldier life from his enlistment in Baltimore November 23, 1880, at the age of 18 years, includmg his {nitiation into the mysteries of army fife ‘s vefferson Barracks, av Fort Lew) Armija, N. M., Fort Apache, Ko gate, and the move from the latter to Dakota, to participate in the Woundea nee campaign. The author also hands down somo hitherto unwritten history of the actions of the troops in the field during that outbreak. He touches on his life at Fort Niobrara, and then comes to the visits to the Ppost of the colored prostitutes who were the cpuse of the murder for which he is con- demed to die. Ho claims that he unsuccess- fully tried to keep them away from his place, and was in trouble several times on their account. After detalling the story of the murder and of his arrest, incarceration in the guard housa and trip to Omaha, ho tells of his waiver of preliminary examination and his rommital to the Douglas county jail. The story continues: ‘I was then taken to jail und orders was iven to have me put wto a private cell and ot no one speck 1o me and let mo wright no letters or receivo any. that boritied we and then began to feel kind of nurvis becauso I w thay had put upa job on mo and ex- pedend Lo get the worst of it which 1 shurely #ot right in the neck from the deceased on up to the Judge. I was put in a cage next to Murderer Neal aud in & few days ho was taken out aud hung. I scen him when he ‘was taken down to be exicuted, I felt kind of sorry for him, allthough I thought he de- curved his punishment if he was guilty of the chargo be was convicted by. Butatthe same time I dideut bave any ideas of ever haveing the misfortune to be murdered like that. —tnat kuight there was a miggro put into the vakent Neals cell for committing an outrage on a little girl. So about eight o'clock a mob of meu came to the L.“ and the cousequences wus that they roke in tha jail and took possession of the place. It was but a fow minutes untill thay Rot up to my cage. Ouo of the follows lit & match and looked into my coge he then shouted out Horo is the bluck — = boys. that scared the life out of me and I 4 snurely thought my time had come. Just then ous of the boys looked in ana said That antbim he is a white man, That made me feel a litUlo better again and you can just bot thut | was auffel thankful that I was not vlack or else I would bave shurely been a gouer. Getting Into Coe's Cage. ‘The mob 4¢hen nsked wy name and I told them, so they asked e if 1 knew whore the nigeer was. 1 asked them what nigger they wanted, and told them there was 1ots of nig- gers down stairs, 5o they asked me If there was @ nigger put io Neat's cell. 1 told thew there was some one put in there but I didu't take notice what color ho was. So it was L& few minutes until they had the door burst in and found theiwr man. The placo ‘was just packed with the mob. They asked me all kinds of questions and I answered them as fair as possibility would let we. T mot one of my discharged solaier cor rades in the mob, 50 I had quite a little con- versation with him. The mob had a putty bard time breaking into the cage, but there was a few good maccanics in the saog, #0 they kuew bhow 1o go about v d got into it in @ few hours. ‘When hey got the little nigear out he never tutebed high places and when thay got him out doors amongs the mob it soun ded just like 80 monwy wolves and kyutes, Thay used him so ruff that his neok was broke before thay got arope on him. It wasa horible mob of about two thonsand wen and kids. The mob broke up about widnight and went 10 there homes, ‘“The next day I was told by turn kee Pat Horrigau that the mob was makeing & tals of comming after me that knight and shuro enough that knight there was avother mob at the jail. I thought my time had sburely come now But I couldent hear them mention my pame. All Icould hear was that thay wanted 0w wen I thought that | was shure good for it this time, aua was looking for them to rush in on me every minute. Sa when the mob got putty blood thursty and nolsey P’at Horrigau the turn kee came up to my-cage and unlocked it anu smd For God sakes, Dick, there 1s a lot of soldiers out here 10 mob you, get out sud follow e down staire ana 1 will put youin a safe place. His words sbocked me s0 bad that when I was ng down stairs 1 folt so weak in my legs 1 alwost fell downithe steps. I felt shure Lwas in for it thls time aud that ihe ‘would eoliow me when 1 got juto the hal hut I pulled through all wright but I was ex: pecting tose6 o band fall on wy shoulder eyery second, Pat Into a Hot Place. “I was then taken down into the cellar and told to ora'l up over the engen boyler sud get in under the jau floor where the heatiug pipes were. - Tt was & most stifling hot fn the bofe but I didn't meke any kiok and was 1o glad to get in such a ptace because 1 know that no ose would expect mo to be in such o place as that. It was horrivle sufficating the pres purtation was comming out of me like if | was in a swet box. But 1 tell you my aear reader a man oan stand 1t most any place when thay get that close on a fellows trail Thair was then twelve men purmitted to go through the jail and look for there men but could not find them. So thay concented that they were not in_the Jail, aud all busted up uads and went hone. I was obliged to stay in my swet box for three or fore hours but the time dident seam have that long to me and about 1 o'clock I was again taken up to my lonely cage and after Neal's coge was again prepared | was thon put into that unfortunated and felons cell. 1 did not like to go 1into the piace, but of corse they had me under there thumbes, and I had to do as 1 was told and saw wood and this is the place that 1 have been ocupying for the last six months and will remane in it untill thay take me out and murder me." Plending for His Life, Then follows Dixon's version of the trial and attending ofrcumstancos, togother with bis experiences with his lawyer and forier friends. Ho touches on nis early home life before he enlistoa and was seat to the frontier to fight Indians, He concludes as follows: “I" surved my time within a few days of five voars without much troublo or difficulities “and now 1 am _ waiting for in a few days to be mur- derod because 1 tried to defend myselvo from gettiue eaten up from one of my soldier comrades which I had the misfortune to shoot in my struckel and excitoment. It is putty hard to be butchered up like this un- tiy, but a poor man hias no show 1n this world aspecially a poor buck private whan he has to buck ugainst the hole armey for your life and then not get a have a show on ur trile, It 1s miserabie how things are running in this world. money and influanco is tho only show for a mans lite and happy- niss in this world. Now if I happent to have o few hundred dollars tu defend mysolve with 1 wouldent bo in this placa today, but becn as free as anv ona. But no. I am a poor unfortunate fooi with- out money or friends and so I havo to suffer tho consequences which I truly can and with a good heart and clear concious. I know that 1 have the sympethy from a good menny of peanle in this citty, and ali over where thay kuow mo So I am satisfyed but it 1s auffull hard to see peaplo so hard hearted as to swaro & maus life uway just to satisfy the revenge of those who aro pastand gono, At- torney Baker seems to be aufful proud of his conviction. He is so pleased with it that he cant help from putting his name in the papers every du{ and informing the peaplo of his wonderful outrugest criminal case ho won, He came up to see moone day but more for information than anything else. Héseamed 1f wanting to show very much sympathy for me but at’ the same time ho would in his heart liked to seo me murdered. I was on to his game and 8o I just gave 1t to him strate and told him what I thoughtabout matters. ““Ho seamed to ba awful surprised at my romarks & innocents but he atthe same time vhut 1 was not guilty of the charge that ho clames to be the author of winning on a fair and just decision. He soon that I was on to him and wouldent give him muct satis- faction or information so he started of wish- ing me success & telling me to keop up a good curage. 1 thiuk that is a horrible nurve of a man that clames to be the author of such a most borrible exsaturating outrage as this is to come and give me such sympithy and advice as he was trying to give mo after hum clameing aud braging to bo the auther ol my conviction and murderer. When I am about on the verge of stepping into eturnity 1 have verry little comphedence or respect for a man that has such a immac- ulated gaul and nurve as to come up to me and give me such a contemptabel lot of guff as this, Philosophy and Farewell, “1 dou’t see what a man ganes at makeing upa lot of lies & exsatlurating things a thousand times worse than it realy is like. I have the oppertunity to know what Mr. Baker is trying to do, but of course a man can’t expect any more from some of these would-be politions and newspaper sports. The day Buaker was uy to see me to try & get some information out of me and dident cucceed he then went to his office and made up a story of his own or probly to the printing ofiice for fere he wouldent sce a reporter so as to got his grate name into the papers. He then told the ro- porter or whoever ho was that ho was up to see mo and had quite a conversation with me und that I told him I wanted to be executed ima full dress soldier uniform with my sharpshooting badge on, etc. Well, now, I never made any remarks like that to him or anyone olce. Most all the papers state that 1 asked to be shot and die like a soldier that is all a lot of got up talk. I never made any such remarks to aoyone, I know that T bave to die so1t is verry little diffrends to me in what or how I get murdered just so that they wmake a quick job of it. 1t is putty hard but it is no use for me to givo away because when the apointed day comes for my depargure and suy good by to all in this world I will be taken out and mur- dered like a dog and that 1s all anvone can cull it because 1 am not guilty of the charge 1am convicted by and do not decerve this horible and unjust peneity. “But of corse my loyer tryed all in tho world and his power to save my life but everything was aganced us and I did not get the least bit of a show for wy life. Some of theso peaple that had me condemned dont think of there god or a hereafter and that thay will all some day havo to atone for the wrongs and unjustest thay inflicted apon me, They dont think of that now and laugh into my face for thair satisfaction of my mis- fortune. But my dear reader the day will come when thay will suffer for thair mis deeds before the grate Judge who will see us all & fair gudgment. Now I dont want any one tohave any hard feelings agunced me for somo of the re- marks that | have made in this my soldier iife and expearance because I mean no harm orhave auy grudge aganced any boddy in the world, But I am just giving you a true information of ‘my soldier life and also an apinyon of the trial in my casein the U, S, Dis, court. S0 1 dout” wantany one Lo think hard of this and if 1 should happen to hurt any one feolings by my explanation, 1 will humbly and sincerely beg pardon cause I havo but a few more days to stay in this world so I would like to leavo it in peace and happyness and the good will from every one “I know that some of my enimes think I decorve this penelty wich 1am about to pay for the satisfaction of the law, but my dear friend it is not bocavso God' fn s grate murcy and goodness is takeiug me out of this miserablo world to pay the penelty and sufferings of wy misfortuvated deed, but for his omniscent and compassionated satisfac- tion of rewarding we in heaven for the out- rages misfortune aud unjust desision of my rights and innocents, A ‘“I goto meet my Judge yours Respect- ul good by, —— WILL PURCHASE PARKS. Park Commissioners Resolve Formally Agalust Condemnation Proceedings. The Board of Park Cowmmissionaers met yesterday afternoon and disoussed several matters. Superintendent Adams teported that some of the trees that the commission ordered to be set out in Elmwood park to be cultivated for future use had arrived, “The board decided to take steps toward the prelimingry improvement of the tract of ground in Himebaugh and Saunders' addi- tion, which was accopted by the eity us & park some time ago. The board decided to vamo it Himebaugh vark in nouor of the late Mr. P. C. Himobaugh. Theu the question of condemning lands for park purposes came up for o, lengthy dis- cussjon. ~ Mr. Millard moved that it be ex- pressed s the seuso of Lhe board that the lands selected and recommended to the city council to bo purchased for public parks sbould bo purehased rather than conderaned. He said that Lthe vewspapers bad ropresented 0 tho public that the board was in favor of condemuing rathor 'thao purchasing these lands, aud the ouly reason tbey had not rcon- demned was the fact that they thought the city had 10 powsr to condemu, This faes, o sald, was a mistake, I'be board bad unever beeu iu favor of condemning lunds 50 long as thoy ocould be scoured by purchase. Ho waated this motion passed simply o show to the publio that the board bad uot been properly repressated. This brought out & rather lively discus- sion. Mr. Lininger said iy had been his im- prossion all along that the board was io favor of condewnlug lands for 'k purposes, but ion that W was very in- subject, and it was doubtful Af the ity had the power to condemu lands under the present . This was the ouly ToAson, As ho unaerstood it. why the board had not advised the city council to condemn park lands. He was aprosed to the motion. It would be very presumptuous, ho thought, 10 pass such a motion. Tha city council could Act upon the matter without the interference of the board. Judge Lake thought that such a motion would be very much out of place on the part of the board. He favored the plan of con demoing land, because by that means the city could vet lands right where they were wanted and would not bave to pay two prices, Dr. Miller took the ground that the lands recommended by the board wera worth all thet the board had agreed (o pay for them. Ho thought it very poor policy and very un- fair to property owners to condemn proporty when the sam:o could be purchased at a fair pricc. He also thought that the plan of as- sossing benefits could not be equitably ad justed. The fact that a park haa been laid out adjoining a piece of farm land, Dr. Mil- ler thought, would be of no benefit to the owner of the farm. Kor this reason he thought it would be unfair to assess benefits against acre property even though it might adjoin a park. Judge Lake took issue with Dr. Miller on that proposition. He said that the law would hold that ownors of acro property ad- joining or adjacent 1o a park or any other public imvrovement where beuefits ere being assessed would have to bear a propor- tionate share of tho assessments put upon the property in that vicinity by reason of the fact that the property had been benefited by such improvement. It would bo unfair, he suid, to ass0ss all tho benefits against tho property that had beon lottea and none apainst” the acre property. The owner of acre property could lny off nis land in lots and realize the benefit of the improvement if ho so aesired. If he failed to do this it was his own fault and he ought to bear his share of the benelit asscssments, Mr. Pratt was in favor of purchasing the lands rather thun to condemn. He thought that the lands selected by the board had been offered at roasonable prices. Judge Luke then spoke of the Distin tract, saying that ho did not believe that Mr. Distin could realize 850,000 from the tract in an cffort of six months trying to sell it on the warket, and yot the board had agreed to take it at #0,000; “That land is notbing but a cow pasture,” said thejudge. “If we could got it by condomnation we would not have to pay 80 much by a good deal.’ Dr. Miller held that the Distin land had been offered at a much lower price than ad- joining lands could be bought for. Aftor a long discussion in which Juage Lake and Mr. Lininger argued in favor of condemnavion proceedings and Dr. Miller, Mr. Millard and Mr, Pratt stood out for the purchasing plan the vote on Mr. Millard's motion was takon and stood as follows: Yeas, Millard, Pratt ana Miller; uays, Lake and Laninger, CHARITY'S WORK. What the Omal Associations Have complished—For the Boys. Secretary Clark of the Omaha City mis- sion and co-operative charitios has made tho Ac- following report of their wors duriug the past winter: Threo Lundred and six families with 707 children were supplled with dinners, provis- 10ns and elothing at Christmas, ighteon famflies wore ‘supplied with 500 pounds of coal ach at Christmas. ive familles were supplied with provisions donated since then. Ninoty n families, comprising 431 indi- vid supplied with 276 provision orders to the valie of $20.80. Loans were_granted to nineteen partics, anlounting to #24.7, of which $16.25 has been ropnid. Thirty-three families wero referred churches and takon charge of by then. Twenty-ono families were roferred to the St, Vincent do Puul soclety. Fifty famliies were reforred tothe county commissioners, one case to tho Old Lad home and thred cases referred to the Woman's Cliristian Temperance union. Secured transportation for eight porsons to Chicago, Freoport, Denver, Alnsley, Colum- bus and Kansas City. Arranged for the co-operation of the churchios. Young Mon'’s Christian association, Woman's Christiun Tempersuce union, po- iice, Swedish, Danish and Soldiers' Kelief so- cieties und county commissioners with our society. Found cmployment for thirty-six men and women and fifteen boys und girs, Wood Yard—One thousand elght hundred and seventy-ono meals und 75 lodgings to sinzle men who cut and split wood: 114 pro- vision orders given to married men with fam- to ilics, who worked 1,072 hours cutting and spiitiug _ wood. _County commissioncrs sent ' seven | marrie men, - who worked ninety-three hours for coal and pro- visions supplied by them. unld stove wood sinee end of December, lies Sales of kindling Jies' rolief committoo supplied 12) fami- consisting of 54) ind{viduals, with cloth- toos, ete., which had been donuted, and ow material and provisions purcfinsod at u cost of #258.0, also secured transporta- tlon to four families to Now York, Ohicag Wisconsin and Denver. Ten families wero also reterred to the county commissioner for aid und ono man sent to the Kevley curo ut Blair. G.ris Sowing School—Thres hundrod and twenty-five pupils n 2d from October, 1801, to A pril, 1502: garments mo. #1.55 expondod In purchasing matorlal.” Coltection talcen up from puplls, 1 Visitation—Soventy-uwo ' friendly visitors connected with our work who havo gone about and visited tha poor and sick In the various distrites of tho oty Special Reliof Work—Forty-five versons were assisted to the extent of #4130, Cases recolving aid were carofully investi- gated. Many unworthy people have been discovered and reported. We are now bet- ter prepared for the work than when wo vogan last December. Plans for the provident dispensary aro completed and we hope soon to announce the ovening. A. W. CLank, Seoretary. Home for Boys, Owama, April 13.—To the Editor of Tue Be Our Home for Boys is now well started. At present we have five children there. We are sending some out nearly every doy. Our plan is to have the nome only’a temporary shelter and to send tho boys out to work as fast as possible, Mr. James Kellar, the manager of the home, has alroady proved himself a very efcient man Mrs. P. Neph, a woman of experience, 1s our matron and is doing most excellont sor- vice. We recommend to all persons to d all tramping boys to the Boys Home, 2511 Catdwell street. ~ Here thoy will be cared for and given work. Do not give money to boys or help of auy kind, but seud them to the home and let the case be looked into thoroughly. And those needing boys, either on farms or in the city, wi | please communicate with us, Some articles of furniture are still needed —-carpets for a couple of rooms, sheats, com- forters and pillows. We are looking to God for money to carry on the work from day to day. Some, perhaps, can give provisions better thau money. Chanies W. Savinar, . Leavenworth and Twenty-fifth avente, President Hogeland's Work, President Hogeland of the Boys and Gi National Home and Employment assoc! tion addressed the Girls Indastrial school at the Tenth street mission yesterday. He will speak at _tho Second Presbyterian church, Twenty-fourth and Nicholas, at 10:30 a. m. today, and at7:30 tonight he will be at the First Presbyterian church at South Omaba. —_— “BEN HUR."” que Presentation of This Popular Story n Pantomime, Those who were present at the institute for the deaf last uight witnessea the presen- tation of the famous story of “Ben Hur" by General Lew Wallace, inpantomime. Nota word was spoken, yet with the aid of the full ana complete program the spectator was avle to understand each scoae as presented. The acting was in every way good, show- ing the ability of deal persous sand those drilled in the language of pantomime to ex- press their feelings and emotions. inthis most impressive mauner. This play will be presented at Hoyd's theater ou the 27th of this month and those who fuil Seeing it will miss & treat. It is the universal testimeny of all who have witnessed the rehearsals that it is a complete, woll arranged and will be a most 1nteresting rendition of this familiar story, The program will skow how earefully it has boen prepared. The meeting of tho wise men, the first scene, impresses oue that the program is to be good. Iu the meetiug of Messela and Hur in the park the scorn for the Jew by the Roman 1s brought out iu & vivianess which admits of no mistake as to what is weant. The scene of the lepers is one of the most pathetic imaginable. Tne parting quarrel of Hur and Iras is a dispiny of the passions which one rarely witnesses. ‘The old shiex of the desert shows the pos- sibilities of pantomime in representing the passions of men. rls —~— Dr Birney cures catarrh. BeEE bidg WHAT IS THE COS¥OF LIVING? — An Tnstructive Analysis of an Important Problem, L A STUDY OF ECONOMIC STATISTICS =Nl Investigntions of Workingmen's Budgets by State, National and Forelgn Bureaus and Compared 1 wn Attrace tive Mantbr, The Charities Review for April contains tho following interesting paper by Mr. Vie- tor Rosewater: ‘What is the cost of living! This question prosents one of the most difficult probloms in statistics—a problem which lies at. the base of the whole labor controversy. The answer must ombrace at least three distinct parts. First, we must know the income of the Iabor- er, as shown by his wages, and whatever other earnings he may reccive. Secondly, we must have the prices which he is requirea 10 pay for the articles and services whioh he consumes; for it Is not mere money that the laborar drsires, but rather that which the monoy will enable him to procure. Then, thirdly, this information will be almost use less fOF our purposes unless we know the quantities of different articles and services required, and tho proportion of absoluts essaries to comforts and convenicnces, Any one particuiar sum can ever be estab- lishea as the average cost of living, is as lit- tle to be expected as that the physiolozist will be able to determine the invariable mini- mum quantity and quality of food necessary to sustain human life; there are so many modifying circumstances—ago, sex, race habits, climate, ote.,—that certaln limits are set to every investigation, although within those limits valuablo results may bo ob- tained. But in applying theso results the limitations must not be overlooked. There have been numerous attempts to ar- rive at tho cost of liying of the laborer, rang. ing from the wildest guesswork o tho most careful statistioal study. Oue of the rough- ost forms comes to light in the administra- tion of the income tax. The theory here is that expediency advises the exemption from taxation of the minimum cost of subsistence for tho reason that, 1f anything is subtractod from such a minimum, the stato will be compelled to restoro an equivalent amount in the form of npoor re- lief. In actual practice, however, the limit of exemption bas been highiy arbitrary. The United States federal income tax ex- empted $000 at the outset ana the burden, consequently, fell upon thoso in compara: tively good circumstances. Innumerable tables of wages paid in differ- ent industries have been collected, but thoy aro only to bo used with great care in this branch of statistics. They ofton represent mere rates of wages; and oven where actual money wages are given, tho waces of skilled and unskijled laborers, male and female, adult and minor, are ustally hopelessly con: glomerated, vitlatng uny inference which might bo drawn. It is an open guestion whether wagoe statistics ougnt to be obtained from employer or employe, It is true that, as a rule, the emplovefs alone keep the necessary figures and rogords from year to year, but the claim that, they are also less likely to be influencedi by persoual feel- ing or class prejudice to’ mako false or misleading returns, may well be dis- puted, and when it comes to statistics of expenditure, these musk. necessarily be ob- tained from the labover. ;It.is not the wtole- sale prices which come intd play, but rather the brices charged by the corner druggist and green grocer which the labcrer actually pays. The United States densus of 1880 asked all manufacturers to give the total sum ex- pended for wages during £ho year, and als the number of lavorers employed. The fig- ures publishod are: Wages, $047,938,705; employes, 2,732,605 ‘The census weutno further, but many imagined the remainder of Lhe probiem to be 8 mere_matter of div. siol They performed the ynattematical op- eration and obtained the figure &340 as tho av- erago wago. <Tnat this assumption is wholly unwarranted will be evident to everyone who refloct that tha statistics are mereiy ap- proximate that the . number of laborers in- cludes all who worked any part of the yea and that the labor of men, women, and chil- dren is confounded. In his essay upon **What Makes the Rato of Wawges?” Ir. Edward Atvkinson has treated one side of the snbject—chiefly from an apriori standpoint. After estimating the total annual product of industry in the United States, he tries to determine what share goes to the laborers and then, by divis- 10n, reaches the figuro $432 as the average annual rate of wages upon which each labor- er is to support 2.9 persons, He maintains that the laborers secure (0 ver cent of the product, while, with inoreasing competition, the returas to capitalists diminish relatively to the wages of laborers, More valuable, however, are the statistics of the cost of sub- sistenco which Mr, Atkinson gathered dur- 1ng his investigation, From the accounts of a large actory boarding-house in Maryland, ne found that aduit women were boarded at a cost of slightly loss than 20 cents per day. Prisoners in = Massachusotts jails have been fed for an expenditure as low as 13 cents per day. Again, in @& central Massachusetts boarding-house in which accurate accounts were kept, the board of an adult man was computed to cost 28 cents per day. From theso data, Mr. Atkinson as- sumed that 30 cents per day might represent the average cost of necessary food for the average iuhabitant of the entire Unitea States; a result put forward as & possibility, not as a fact. Dr. Frederick Engels of the Prussian Bu- reau of Statistics, applied himself long ago to work at this problem inductively. He was the first to study systematically the so-called workingmen’s budgets, and from his investi- gations derived a principle now termed Engels' law, regarding the approximate variations in proportions of the income re- quired for subsistence, rent, etc., according 10 the amount of the earnings. He found that an average German workingman re- ceiving annually an income of from $300 must spend 95 per cent for tho necessar- 10s of 1ifo;and one rapeiving from $150 to §600, 00 per cent: and one receiving from §750 to §1,100, 8 per cent. The rule enunciated, then, is that tho greater the income, the smalier the relative outlay for subsistence und the greater the outlay for sundries; the percentage of outlay for olothing remaius ap- proximately the ssme; for rent and [uel, in- variably tho same, whatever the income. Following the same mothod, Carroll D Wright, in the report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics for: 1575, corrovorated the law by an analysis of 897 budeets which ho Lad sceured, en years later. nis report for 1584 presented fresh material which he subjected to o comparative study. Anaiyti- cal lables of nineteen Maysachusetts bud- gets are placed alongside of sixteen Britich budgets. On lvernglnndz:;.relulhs, he finds that, in those cases, tho achusetts work ingnian’s famnily consists of 5.12 persons, of whom 216 are employed’ st remunorativo Jabor brioging total sdtuml oarnings of $503.47, from which a swplus of $40.05 re- mutned after deducting #iirl. 42 as total ex- enditures. Likewiso family of the ritish workingman oipheaces 6.00 porsons, of whom 2.50 are employtl at remunerative labor with total earklngs of #7147, total expenditure ' ofs 8505.35 and u surplus of §0.12, Following Engels' law,the Massachusetts expenditume pf .42 allows 10.73 per cent for sundriessgvhile the British expenditure of $8.35 adols 13.54 per cent for sundries. ComparingiJis with tables of price statistics, Mr. Wright reaches the con- clusion that in 1584 5.5 pegwrcent was 1nd| uve of the higher cost of liviug in Massa chussotls as against Great-Britaio, while the standard of living of workthgmen in Massa chussstts was tothat of workiogmen iu Great Britain as 1.42 is todl. Since 1554 a number of similar investiga- tions of workingmen's budgots have been couducted in this country by va- vious state bureaus of labor statistics, usually foliowing the meth- ods adopted by Mr. Wright. Variations in results represent variations in the conditions aud in the accuracy of the materials, The work of Mr. Rooert Giffen in this field bas boen concerned with a comparison of the present condition of the working classes with that of fifty years ago Many obstacles are met in altempiing Lo secure statistics relating to wages and cost of living. Kigures from employers represent only the money wages paid oy those employ~ ors, and omit any supplomental income. On the other hand, it is only with great dificul- v that the laborer can be induced Lo keep the proper record, and the mere distributiou of accouut books seldom resulls in strict ac- curacy. Inthe work of the Massachuselts bureau for 1574, of over 1,000 books, ouly I'EEN AGES. Gontinental Glo GRAND BARGAIN SALE THIS WEEK. Three Styles Men's Suats, $0.75, 9 %9.75. Double breasted cheviot sack suits, $9.75. $9.75, Plymouth silk st $9.75. Plymouth silk st This line of suits connot be than .75,$9.75. riped cheviot sack suits, riped cheviot frock suits, Fifteen Dollars. If you hing House duplicated ] $9.75. $9.75. anywhere for less want a suit of clothes this week, come in and see them. Jersey Suuts, $2 Wy SOVOID W) Grand 1d $3.50. Clearing Sale, 10 styles of Jersey Suits this week for $2.75, &2 P, 00 and $3.50. You ought to see this line of Suits before purchasing as they are the bargains of the scason, We shall have our line of 50 cent Hats this week. In fact thisis going to be a bargain week in all lines at the CONTINENTAL CLOTHING HOUSE 397 were found reliable sufliciently Tor statistical purposes. The most recent investigation seems to bave succeoded in its aim of avoiding theso difficulties by securing accurato statistics from tho laborors thomselves. It is the work of Carl Landolt,and is embodied in his paver on * Zehn Baslor Arbeiterhaushaltun- gen,” bat latoly published in the Zeitschrift tur 'Schwelzerischie Statistik. The method pursucd is interesting. Herr Landolt began his study 1n November, 1858, when Le persuaded three reliable laborers 1o conduct household accounts according to prescribed rules. One was soon forced to choose between aiving up his bookkeeping and giving up his situation, nor did the work of the others procecd satisfactorily. Tho Basler Arbeiteround was therefore appealed to, and with its assistance eighty members were induced to participate in the scheme. Thoy were required, first of all, to tuke an iuventory of their entice property, and then meet regularly from time for inspection and correction of mcconnts. The number of laborers who persisted in the unde taking gradually foll off to sev- enteen, and Herr Landolt tinally secured fif- teen reliable accounts covering a period of ono year. Owing to lack of time, only ten of these have been compiied. The books give a chronological record of income and expend- iture with the exact quantities of every purchased article. Unaccounted expendituro was so controlled by means of semi-monthly or monthly balances that this item, usually quite large, was reduced to an average of .0 per cent of the total expenditure. T'his adds groutly to the reliability and ac- curacy of the resulting computations. We may glauce briefly at the summary, always keeping iu mind that the discussion turns upon the household relations of tho families of ten Swiss laborers hiving in Basle, aud that the unit of value is invariably the franc, Tho ten families under consideration com- prise fifty-four members, of whom twenty- ihree aro wholly or in part self-sustaining and occupied mostly with work requiring some small dogreo of skill. Tho wife, in elght out of ten instances, is engaged in ' re- munerative omployment. The family is mado up, on the average, of two adults ang threo minors. Their dwellings are aot wat would be desired, failing generally to afford sufi- cient air space per porson. As a result of this, the health of tho occupants is moro or less’ affected, though mot &y all bad cousidering tho circumstancos, ‘I'he invent- ory of property is closely connected with the earning capacity of the family. Herr Landolt has classifiod two householas s very poor, three as poor. threo as moderate, and two us comparatively well fixed. The ayerage total annual income por fam- ily was 1825.71 francs, Of this the average earnings of the husband conetitute 73.8 por cent; of the wife, 108 por cent; of the chil ddroi's por contywhilo 4 por cont 15 obtained from oiher sources, While the avorago cast on band At the commencement of tho mccount was 087 fraucs, only 68 francs remained at the end. The laborers, with ono exception, were not ablo to save anything, much10ss to be able to wake adequate provision for the future, Any slight emergency might bring them within the bounds of pauperism, The expenditures in reality averaged per family 1,77.79 francs, The outlay of thissumy was detormined for the most part. by stepn necessity. Arranged according to amount, the summary of accounted expenditures is a} follows Famlly G Fawmlly fly 1), 00 iy X/ Fumily it Fawlly Fuutly Fuwily Fawily It Fumily N . Aversge While not _controverting Engels' law, yet we seo thav this table does wot sirictly con- forw to . Neither has the family with the largest income the smallest percentage of {tares for neeessaries, nor has the y with the smallest income tho largest percentuge of expenditures for necessuries ‘Y'uo average sum per fawily speut for meat durlug the year, was shghtly over 130 francs, and it is shown that in more Loan o0ue case, suffering frow luck of sufticient food was act: ually experisuced. 0 main points to be noticed may be re- auitulated. [n thoese tou familics, cach por- K.C BAKIN: e POWDER. 25 ozs.ror D53, ABSOLUTELY PURE. JUST TRY IT. PAXTON & GALLAGHER, Omaha,Neb . daily concerts, fine| st of Ashing and afling’ Frequent trains to neapolis, addre: 7 from St Paul and S , 3. V. Holcombe, 01 son stands for of 1aboring 2.3 persons aud not, for a group of threo as A group commonly essumed. In ocight cases, the wife was compelled o assist in supporting the family, without which the husband’s earnings would not have sufficed. And more important, nearly 10 per cont of the income came from sourcesother than wages; statls tics obtained from employers would have been deficient to that amount. “To uso these results, except in the most general way, for comparing the condition of Swiss laborers with thoso of laborers in other countries, would be manifestly incor- rect. What Herr Laudolt has given us is the service of statistics compiled upon a s entific basis. He has shown us how to set about the problem and corresponding inves- tigations in other countries will probably be ouly 8 matter of time, VicTon ROSEWATER. —— Disense never successtully attacks a sys- tom with pure blood DeWitt's Sarsaparilla makes pura, new blood and enriches the old. —— Wrecked His Be Jewelers’ Circular: Omar Ibrahsm had been thinking heavily. Plucking up courage, he approached” his master, Mahomet. “Right eye of the setting sun, Allah be with you, 1id he to the prophet, “I beg an increase of salary of 10 dinars and 5 dirhems.” Phou believest in the adage, * 8 money?’ asked Mahomet, “Verily.” answered Omar, “Then thou mayest work two hours longer each day.” me TO BOYS ano GIRLS under 18 years of age. l BlcYcl WILL 13 NE! FREE (5 any boy or REE Loy ¥ ONE CENT, 1 K Ulgn verlisement gt i s il we Y o nfllh:\llur,i by re- utn CET IT F‘% Snivery eusy condl: tions. WAFRA TED b g At sold everywhere at b from $45 10 $50. Fall Ball-Boar- ing ~targe cucuigh g o g “;'!.“d:;::g:; J/ fu1l particulars. Curtls Meution The Omaba Bee, G, | Dearing K.C. WEST'S NEIRVIEAND BRAIN TREAT- \ o spectic for Iystorla, Disziness, Fits, Nou- Ienduche, Norvous Prostraton co, Wakefulno dulgence. by mail. Wegu jor for (§ hoxes, with § to refund if not e by Goodman Drug Co., IS YOUR GRASS READY? If not, it soon will be and we would be glad to have you meet it half way, with one of our 1892 LAWN MOWERS. ~ GARDEN HOSE, WIRE NETTING for poultry yards TRELLISES, ete, a8 Morton&SonCo 1511 Dodge St. Solf-ubuse over-| £1.6 for alx boxey L 3 will sond written Guarantoo tssued 1110 Farnam St., Jwahs. Is Is the Johet Light Roadstor which sells 00, Wo will sell then for sixty duys at It has 13 Inch cushiou tires. and 1s full and all'drop forgings. Eent €. 0. D, rocolpt of #0. We awo seli the Coluwbla, iarctord and Vietor. - (atulozue fr Co., at i 5.0 A.H. PERRIGO & 1400 DODGE 8T