Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 12, 1891, Page 5

CAMPAIGY IS OPENED: their |CONTISUED FROM FINST PAG ors who wanted to ands into the stato troasury were pressing their bogus claims, They brought in_bills for something like £40,000 or | 850,000, and if it bad not been for Governor | Boyd they would have been successful in | robbing the taxpayers of $40,000 or £50,000 more than they did wnen they made the Appropriation of £10,900. [Applause.| Samples of Independent Greed. Twenty years ago whon the republican party hid barely taken possession of the tate house at Lincoln, a legisiature, vhree- lourths republican, discovered that there had been corruption in' the management of state lands und funds. They cleaned the state house by thoroughly investigating every officer. They impeached tho governor and removed the auditor, Last winter a golden opportunity presented itself to the independ- euts. Theirj leaders charged taat thousands of dollars had beon fraudulently taken out ot the state treasury, that there were deficion- cies and defalcations in various state iusti tutions, ‘I'be reform legisiature had the best opportunity on earth, and it was its duty to have investigated all the state offices and put all its time 'in to thoroughly fumigate the state house if there was anything unclean in it. What did it do? It did not touch any of those things. They contented themseives by standing guard over each other—the first time that any party bad to station men at tho capital to watch its own members--and to put upon the pay roll of this state a dozen deputy sergeants employed chiefly in spyicg upon members of the legislature to seo that they stiould not sell out their constituents, But instead of cleaning the state housoe the reform legislature voted away the peopla's money for supernumeraries and for supplies aud convenlences that ave not needed. They voted thousands and thousands of dollars for supplies and improvements in state institu- tions that are an absolute waste of money. They voted for an iron fence around the Stafo university $14,400; for a sidewalk around the university, #,500. They voted 53,000 for the foundation and beginnng of a university library building, which before it is finished may cost four times as much, at a time when the people of this state are groan- ing under the burden of taxation and when the improvements are not needed. They voted £20,000 for fuel and lights at_the Asy- Lumw for the Insane at Lincoln, $5,000 more than for the samo institution at Norfolk or Hastings, and certainly £10,000 more than if an onest expenditure of the money il prov- erly enforced would warrant. The Deaf aud Dumb institute at Omaha gets along with 3,000, and certaiuly if $3,000 are enough for them $20.000 15 tco much for the -institu- tion at Lincoln, They voted the State Board of Transportation §,000 for traveling expenses, when overybody knows that the board can travel wherever it pleases without n dollar of expenso outside of sleeping bertha and hotel bills, which ought not to cost over B100 per year. Violated Their Pledges, Aud what had the legislature done to redeem the pledges of the people! The state senate did puss & usury bill introduced by Mr. Shumway, now candidate for rezent on the republican state ticket. [t was very woderate, to bosure, but a great improve- ment on the present law, but the independ- ents voted it down just because it had come from republicans, and they failed to pass any other. They had promised to pass a law making the acceptance of railroad passes by public officers a_ brive. They failed to redéem this pledge because they were carrying passes 1u their pockets, and asking for more railroad favors. They promised to regulate insurance companies, and give the peoplo cheaper school books. Have they redeemed their pledges! Who 1s responsibie for the aefeat of the good bills that were introduced in the last legislature? They were chocked off by the lobby. There was .the lobby of the rail- roads, the lobby of the telephono and tele- raph monopolies, the insurance lobby, the book trust, and every trust and every corporation’ interested in defeating legislation. These lobuies had formed 8 pool, and that pool had several strings ' ticd to the speaier of the house. Towards the last of the session, when the speaker was called upon to appoint a sifting committee which was to decide which of the bills were to be shelved and which were to be submitted to the house and considered, the speaker apointed a_committeo made up rincipally of members that had been worked y the lobby. T'his sifting committee pizeon boled the bills which the people de- desired passed. So the corporators and job- bers hanalea the reform legisiature just as they had manipulated thut of 1580, Another plank of this year's platform of tho independents reads as follows : Resolved, That we denounce the present system of ‘contract labor as maintained nnd fostered by tho republican party in this state That we belleve that the 10t Was fraud- ulently obtained and that ¢ ot conditions have not been complied with, nnd that its perpetuation at eich sossion of the logistaturo 5 u sourco of constant corruption. and that it supports u gung of boodlers who'in any way at the lust sossion of the lezislatre sought (o roverse the will of the peovle. Now, who had the majority in the last legislature! Why did not the members who ave commended for their fidelity to the people abrogate the penitentiary contract on the ground that it was procured by bribery and fraud! Tt is a matter of record that th con- tract with William H. B. Stout for the lease of the peuitentiary provided that the con- tractor should bufld 240 cells by the end of 1885 at his own expense, That contract was extended in 1887, with all the obligations, and transferred to the present contractor, What did this legislaure do! In the fuce of this contract they passed an appropriation of $10,000 for a new coll house, and yet the in dopendent convention commends " this legis- lature to the taxpayers of the state. On the morning when the appropriation for that $40,000 cell house was pending 1 went to the Lindell hotel and called the attention of tho independent members of the peniteatiary committen to the fact that this contract ob- ligated the contractor to build that cell house and that the state should not make this appropriation, but they paid 1o attention to my remonstrance and voted away 40,000 to belp out the contractor. Can any honest farmer or workingman endorse this conduct! About Railroad Legislation, But, say the independents, the legislature at the last session did pass one railroad bill. Thoy have endeavored to give us relief, but tho governor vetoed the bill and the 1 pub- licans and democrats refused to unite with the independents to pass this bill over tho voto. Now I have for years advocated and do now advoeate regulation of railways by legislation. 1 have opposed the commission ers and transportation boards because I huve no faith in & transportation 0oara or & com- mission doing its duty, and I believe that there should be upon the statute books somo laws establishing maximum freight rates Just as we now have a law fixing the rate for passengers; but I believe that these laws should be 5o framed as to be practicable and reasonable. Ido mot believe the rational people of this state want a law upon the statute books that would be a dead lotter, or aw that would have to be set aside by the suprome court, What was this bill that the legislature passed at the last session! It was framed, A3 thoy say, in exact nccordance with the rates that now prevail, or rather that then revailed in the state of lows. Phis gives out the impression that the state of lowa bas really got a maxi mum rate law, Thereis no such thing on the lowa statute boo Towa simply has a railroad commission, and that ~com mission has from time to time reguiated the rates of freight in lowa and adjusted thew to suit the circumstances and conditions of the different roads. They have classified the railroads of Iowa according to the amount of tonnage and busivess done on them and nc- cording to the cost of eaoh railroad. If such 8 law had been enacted in Nebraska, with due regard as to the trafio of the differaut roads, and the actual investment in the roads, it would have been just and reasou- ahle ana would have stood ‘the test of the ceurts, But this legislature simply went to work as @ matter of buncombe to humbug the people of our state and © them belleve that they sincerely had carried out their pledges and passed alaw that they knew would be pronounced unreasonsble by the courts be- cause it made inflexiblo rates on all the rail. roads, branches and wain hines, short rosds and long roads, for all commodities accord- Ing to the lowest rates that are charged upon the Jongest and best paying roads in lowa. Oun the yery face of the bill there were | provisions which made it void aud would | have compelled the supreme court to set it ssido. Tney provided that if the ocourt found that the rates fixed by the bill wero too low, that is uureasonable, thon the courts should ‘fix the rate. That would make the get, court a State Board of Transportation, No court has ever done that. If you bring & comploint and charge a railroad company with charging exorbitant rates, the court might leave it to a jury to say how much the overcharge was, but the court would not un- dertake to say how much per car load, ton or hundred pounds the railroad company is en titled to and how much it should charge. So then what was the object of this billl It was simply a scheme to delude th peoplo of this state and make them believe that the inde pendents in the logislature had done all in thoir power to give them relief, and that the responsibility for failure rested upon a re- publican supreme court, or upon a democratio governor. 'This bill in {tself was unconstitu tional and void by reason of having failed to take into account the fact that the sta of Towa has noarly double the populatio and more than doublo the tonnage of N braka, that the truuk line roads in lowa haul not ouly the products of lowa but also the prodacts of Neoraska that aro exported and the bulk of all merchandise for Nebraska, and consequently they have a better earning capacity and are therefore in better condi- tion to give lower rates than ours, What is the bistory of railroad legislation introduced by Senator Stevens last winter? That bill was carefully drawn by an expert who has given this matter careful attention, and that bill was so drawn as to simply give the people of Nebraska Iowa rates with about from 10 to 12 per cent added, that is to say it recognized the difference between railroad traftio in Towa and Nebraska and made tho rates so reasonablo that the courts could not decently have set it aside. Now, I realize that the railrond managers and their lobby would have been just as much opposed to the Stevens bill as they were to the Newberry bill, They are opposed to all maximum rato legislation; but nearly all republicans, and 1 believe quite a number of democrats in the legislature, would have voted for that bill had it only been given a chance for passag Such & bill would have been signed by vernor Boyd if it had passed und if he bad vetoed it more than three-fourths of the membors would have voted to pass it over his veto., I cailed on Senator Stovens several times and urged him to push his bill but for some reason he dilly dallied and never torced it to the front. Afier the Newberry bill had been defeated the independents still had an opportunity to pass this bill and test tho = sincerity of the republicans and democrats in the legislaturo who wero pledged to 1ts support by vassing 1t and thus giving the producers tho benetit of from 10 to 25 per cent reduction on the present charges. But no, thoy said outright that they did not propose to pass another bill, they did not propose to do anything but put the re sponsioility upon a democratic governor and the republican members that did not vote to pass 1t over his veto and to go into the next campaign and mako political capital out of it. ~ What do the independents want then! Is it reliof for the peopie, is it a reduction of rates, is it usury laws, or is it simply that thoy 'want_grievances to go with before the peoplet T know somo of their leaders, and 1 realizo that it really is true that quite a num- ber of them ' have no desire for auy anti-mouopcly legislation, that they simply wanted tho lemslature to enable them to go before the people and claim that they had no chance justas they are doing now with the usury bill. ‘I'ney had a splen- did chance to pass the Shumway usury bill, and I personaliy appoaled to them several times to pass it. They said they would pass their own bills or pass nobody else’s bills. Why 1s it, ther, that the people of Ne- braska today bave no maximum rate law? Is it beeause the democratic governor refused to sign a bill which he was advised by the attorney general ana by other logal authori- ties was unconstitutional, and which he him- self could see would bo set aside bocause 1t was noton its face reasonable, and could never be applied to the railroads under the present condition, or is it because republicans refused to voto that bill over the veto and democrats refused to vote that bill over the veto when they see the bill was in- jurious and uufair, or isn’t it a fact that it is because tho independent loaders in that leg- islature refused point biank to enact a maxi- mum freight roasonabio bill! Such a biil could have commanded votes enough to go over any veto, and weuld huve passed the legislature, Independent Finance. Lot us now candidly discuss the proposi- tions upon which the party asks support for its state ticket this tall. Tho first plank of their platform reads as follows : Wo dewand the abolition of nitional banks and banks of 1ssue, and as a substitute for na- tional bunk notes demand that lezal tender treasury notes be made in sufficlent volume to nsact the business of the country ona cash is without dumage or speeial advantage to auy class or calling, such to be legal tender in puyment of all debts public and private. Such otes when demanded by the people shall be lonned to them at cost of issuo upon adequate security In amounts to each individuul not ex- coeding 82,500 Here is a proposition that every rational man should consider carefully, Ihoy demand that thegovernment shall abolish the national tanks and substitute for the national bank notes a currency that will be legal tender for all debts, and they demand that we sball add to it an unlimited amount of greenbacks sufficient to carry on tne busi- ness of the country and then that we should add to it any amotat that might be required for the relief of peoplo who want to borrow woney without interest for the were cost of printing the notes, not exceeding §2,500 for ench loan. Let any of these financiers tell mo how much curréncy is required to transact a given amount of business. How much netual money doos a dealerin farm machinery need to carry on tho sale of reavers, thresh- ing machines and plows? How much actual cash must a dealer in groceries and provisions and hardware have whoso sales aggregate say $100,000 a vear in order to carry on his business¢ Do these merchants need the actual cash in their money drawers or banks to be able to carry on business! Does not credit, which is only another name for contidence, take tho place of capital in Line-tenths of ull our commereial transactions?! Theso peoplo propose, as the, to give us as much money as is needed 10 carry on the business of the country. Where is there any proof at this day that there is not enough money to Luy ov'sell all tho products of our farm wills and factories I you have got any out here in the Platte valley, or any corn or &rain or cattle, or other products of the farm, aro you not avle to got money for them? Is there any evidence anywhere that there is not money enough to move the crops of any seq tion of the country, north, south, east or west? Is not it n fuct tha it s drediv that s lack- ing The banks of the United States have as much money now in them as they ever had before. There has been some gold exported from this country, but the aggregate circula tion today in the United States is larger than it bas been for any year sinco tho war. Now, then, is not 1t truo that it is the lack of con- fidence and the shortage of crops aud the overproduction of manufactured articles and the lack of employvment for labor that causes the depression from which we have been suffering! Is it not a fact that monoy is plentiful, provided you have something marketable to sell or providing you have securities that will assure the leuder that he will get his pay when your note matures! This is really the cause. I have mysolf realized that tho government might with propriety issue notes directly to the beople in place of ‘tho notes which have been issucd by the national banks, but how is this money to got into circulation and who can say how wuch the government suall issuet As a mat. terof fact, the national banks have withdrawn large amount of their circulatiug notes within the past few years. It hus always been charged that the national bankers were ablo to make double interest upon the money which they have invested, first upon the bonds which are the security for the notes that they i1ssue, and then upon the notes themselves when loaned out. This 1s in part, of course, fallacious, because if they had enough money to buy’ the bonds they had originally as much money as they get and 10 per cent more, even if the bonds wero only purchased at par, but the bonds very often have been purchased at a very much higher rate than par. ‘The mere fact” that the na- tional banks are giving up their eirculation —aud 1 presume that nine-tenths of them would be willing to give up all their circu- lation if they could retmn the other privileges that the governmunt has vested in @ national bank. That would seem to indi- cate that they were not satisfied with the profits they make out of the notes. Tue vory fact that they are giving up their cur rency would seeni to indicate one of two things, either that it was not profitable to keep bonds on filein the national treasury, and that they could do better by selling those bonds and taking thelr money~ directly aud loaning it or else that there was such a large amouut of money hoarded now in the banks which they do not dare to loan_ out, hecause of the lack of confidence and tné lack of securities that they flad it unprofit- able o keep those notes out &ud pay 1 per cent of tax upon them to tho national govera- ment So then we have the two contradictious, THE OMAHA DAILY BEE, Upon the ono sido it Is charged that the | national banks make enormous amounts out of the notes they issue. On the other side 1t 13 shown they are trying to ‘contract the currency by surrendering the notes, And wo are brought to the question of whether or not this is really a conspiracy against the money borrowers and the debtor class or whother it is aimply because in the ordinary course of business they find it more profi- table not to have to pay the 1 per cent tax and because they can sell tueir bonds which now form the basis of their notes to a good advantage, and loan the proceeds of the bonds. Kvery- body who has given any attention to the question of money will realize that the banks make most money when mouey is plentiful, that is, when times are prosperous and peo pie have an abundance of products to sell, aud when property of every description brivgs a good price, speculation is most active and investors and stock gamblers are willing to pay high interest, becauso they can turn the money rapidly. 'In prosperous times deposits are coming in from every di- rection from people who have got products to sell, and banks can loan out other people's money to great advattage and turn it around six or elght or ten times in a ycar, but when morey is scarce, when the people havo noth- ing to sell, when the people have no products to turn into cash, and when the bauks find light, doposits from the merchants, becauso they have not been abie to dispose of their goods, when the deposits run low and ' money i3 scare, then the banks make the least money, because they dare not trust their money that is heid in reserve for fear that there would be a run upon their banks, They must have a resorve to strengthen thomselves and dare not loan out money indiscriminately to everybody, even upon good secourity, for fear there might be a demand made by the depositors which must be met promptly at their count- ers. That is the real truth. The talk about bankers conspiring to make money scarce is therefore the sheerest nonsense, Considering the Loan Proposition. Letus examine the consequences of the proposition to loan people money upon land, under $2,500. In 1571 the state of Nebraska had a lot of money in her school fund and the @overnor and state officers who constituted the Board of Public Lands were authorized to loan the money out upon landed security. And what was the result! We had to impeach the governorand remove tho auditor because they had loaned out the money upon property that was not worth haif the amount of the loan. They had taken wild lands and town lots at appraisements away above their alue and the state had to carry on law suits for years to recover its money. W hat would be the consequence if you attempted to carry out this land loan scheme on a larger scale! Supposc this government with the power to print billions of bank notes and with probably two or three millions of farmers and Lwo or three millions of Jot_owners in the towns, each wanting to borrow £2,500, should authorize indiscriminate loaning of this paper money, which simply means a government ‘I owe you.” What would be the result! Why, thousands upon thousands of worthless pieces of land would be transferred to the government under mortgage amounting to twice as much as the land was worth, and 1n ashort time the government, would own all this land and the people would have a worth- less currency, just as they bad down in the Argentine “Republic. ~ There the same oxperiment was tried only & few ears ago, and the outcome has een the bankruptcy of the eutire people of Argentine. But how could a man who has now got his farm under a mortgagn get this money from the goverument! Supposo that the government actually could lend him £2,000 or $2,500, how is he going to pay his mortgage and clear up his property so as to enable the government 1o loan him the money? The government would simply say. “'you give me a clean title to the property and I will advance you & certain amount upon it;" but the government could not pav off his mortgage, and so he would be in a hole the same as now. The whole scheme is wild and visionary and is simply calculated to impose upon credulous people who believe Uncle Sam can make us all rich by issuing an unlimited amount of puper money. What Money Really Is, Letus discuss this question of money. Under the coustitution congress has the power to coin money and declaro the value thereof. Mark you, to cow money; that is to say to take pieces of metal that have an intrinsic value and by a stamp declare upon their face the quantity, quality and exchange value of that metal. The government of the United States has exorcised that power and coined these pieces of silver and gold to represent as nearly as_possiblo their actual value independent of the stamp. The object. of all coinage is to make each coin represent the exchange value of the metal whatever it would bring in the worlds’ market, oven if there was no stamp upon it. By reason of the overproduction of one metal and the underproduction of the other and other causes divorgencies have existed from time to time, so that the one metal may not be worth as much as its face value, but in uny event the mouey coined by the' gov- ernment represents absclute wealth, dug out of the earth, that could be convert- ed into or exchanged for other articles of value into other wealth. In other words the money, whether it be coon skins, tovacco, gold. silver or copper, or the product of labor is actual wealth., Paper money 1s debt. On the one side gold and silver represent value absolute and intrinsic, on the other side papor money of every description, no matter by whom issued and when issued, repro- sents simply a promise to pay, an I owe you from the government redeemable at Some time or redeemable at no time, but always a debt. It the government of the United States were to issue an unlimited amount of *‘I owe yow's,” which wero never redeemable, or \hich were redeemable at a remote period, and for whose redemption no provision has been ade, does it stand to reason that thoso who have coin money that has an intrinsic value would be willing to accept paper money for it at the face value! It never has been done ana never will be done. The very fact that during the war the peoole of the United States were compelled to issue a Yery large amount of these “I owe you's,” which the government was in~ mo coudition to redeem. and which the bpeople in this and all other countries realized could not be redeemed for an in- definite period, becauso the depreciation of our greenbacks down to something hike 55 cents on the dollar, and the same thing would happen 1f the government should venture to 155u0 an irredeemablo and unlimited amount of paper currency. Intelligent people every- where understand fully that the scheme of sub-treasuries aud money loans upon land and the scheme of issuing unlimited quantities of paper is not such a one as would conduce to the welfare of the producers or any other class of our people, As a striking illustra- tion let me compare the financial condition of this _ country with that of the leadiug Furopean nations, I'rance, Germany, Russia and Great Britain., France, with a population of 35, 215,003, has a nationul debt of $),107,643,450, and sho levies annually a tax of 679,704,177 the German empire has a population of 46, 807,705, & national debt of only i, 117,847, nd lovies a tax annually of 04,767,008 (Great Britain has a population of 35,606,500, lovies a tax annually of §434,912,010, and’ ha: a national debt of §3,300,027,406; Russia has @ population ' of 112, 934,600, & national "debt of §3,634,094,000 aud a rovenue or a tax of &28011,036; 'the United States have a population 'of 62,000,000, and our annual tax is $403,003,081, or rather the revenue in this country, and 'we have a national debt or did have on the 1st of Janu- ary of the present year of $1,025,672,051, This has since been reduced by' something Like $100,000,000. What does this exhibit show? It shows this, that France, the couutry about which we hear 50 much from men who talk fiat fin- ance and unlimited coinage has the largest debt of any country ou earth, that she has a debt twics as large as thatof Great Britain and more than oight times as large as that of the United States ; she has a national debt of $150.75 for every man, woman and ohild, and levies taxes of $17.80 for every man, woman and child to meet their interest and ruuning expenses. The German empire has only got & debt amounting to $.50 10 each man, woman and child, and her running cxpensos are $7.77 against the French of §150.75. Great Britain has @ national debt swounting to §57.03 per capita, and lovies & tax of $11.20. Russia has @ national debt amounting to §2.18 per capita and lovies a tax of $4.65. “The United States has & national debt which amounts 1o about $14 per capita and levies a tax of $7.4L So that against France, which has been boasied about 50 much, the United States bas u dent equal to $14 per capita against their $15¢ and lovies a tax upon her population of §7.41 agaiust $17.50, nearly three times that of our country. How France is Taxed. Now, then, we waut to show another - ward in explanation. MONDAY OCTOBER 12, 1801 thing. The total 'Hétive circulation of money, metalic and paper, in the world is computed by McCarty. in the Annual Statis- tician _for 1591 is_represented by §9,500,000, 000, The United States has 81,211,503,081, or one-seventh of the entleo stock of monev in circulation of the whole world. The only country ahoad of the United States is Frauce, which has $13 per capita; but with her onormous debt aud_ her enormous tax her people are nowhero as well off as ours. [ was over there only two months ago and [ find that thero are taxes upon almost every food product, and even upon the rent which you pay. If aman rents a house for §1,000 he is obliged to pay something like 20 per cent of the amount of thn rent, in addition to the rent to the . government. They Qay taxes upon tho windows of the houses. You cannot go out of Paris and travel twenty miles out in the country without going~ through four or five custom house gates, and at each gate if you have a package of any kind they will tax” you for it. If the farmer goes to Paris to market his oggs, butter, vegetables or grain ho is compelled to pay a vustoms tax. At every village thero ara customs gates, and everywhere taxes aro levied right and left. But the farmers of France are a very thrifty peoplo. They culti- vato every inch of the soil to the highost per- fection aid manage to make ends meet and save up something besides. Thoy are accus tomed to stamp duties and_ custom tolls upon evorything. That is the boasted condition of the people of France at the present time. We have forgotten the fact that twenty- five years ago overy man in the United States had to pay taxes upon overy paper that he slgned. If you signed a receipt there was a stamp. 1f you went to the bank with a check you had to put a stamp upon it. If you sold @ piece of property you had to put’a stamp upon the deed. If'you had your picture taken you had to put @ stamp upon every photo- graph. 1f you wanted to get married you had o pit a stampupoa youm rriage certificate, and from the cradlo to the grave there was pothing that was not stamped. That would, in my honest judgment, be the convition whicn we would again reach if we adopted the wild cat scheme of issuing monoy or run- ning ourselves headlong in debt by reckless oans on wild lands and reckiess speculation and extravagance that is sure to follow an era of inflation. You can sco how inflation works in Cuba, whero they have 7 in money per capita and_an_American dollar can be exchanged for §2.65 in Cuban currency. [Mr. Rosewater's interesting address will be concluded in tomorrow's issue of Tue BEE.| HEOSOP Y. 1L Theosophy holds that, besides the degrees of palpable matter and the *‘ether" of science, matter exists in yot finer grades. Tho spirit- ual principle, the opposite of the inaterial, has, in order to gain perfect experienco un- der the scheme of Divine Wisdom, associated itself with matter and marerial life, the remote progenitors of humanity being of tenuous, vapory bodies, these changing through myriads of years to others more dense, and now being of flesh and blood. In those inconceivably remote ages, the early emanations from the Divine, fresh and pure, had no other conception of life and being than was obvious in fact. Development of carnal faculties, together with increase of material interests and dulling of spiritual perception, brought about evil in morals and physics, as well as an outgrowth of imaginary doctrines remote from primal accuracy. One may contrast the brond and unified Kuowl- edge of an early *'son of God” with the materialistic philosophy or the fantastic theology of the schools now existent, The formation of planets, the antiquity ot the earth, and the process of physiological structure are matters of deep Inierest, but are too remote for newspaper treatment. Rather let us take the evolution of a single man as a topic coming immediately home to each of us, Waiving autecedent history, wo may treat him from the time when, con- nected with the body and endowed with the mind familiar to us, be appears as a sojourner on earth. Itis evident that from infancy to old age he is the subject of constant evolution Bodily organs grow steadily to full maturity mental faculties awake, rezeive mora or léss culture, and in greater or less proportion ex- pand; traits of character weaken or vengthen ; the moral sense becomes acute bates: spiritual aspiration is vivified or dulled. Very great changes occur in this ca- reer. Someumes temperament simply be- comes more rigid. Sometimes the whole being undergoes remoulding, latent traits coming to the fore, earlier ones subsiding or even vanishing. Sowetimes the nature sesms symmetrically to develop, each department harmoniously expauding. = Sometimes one or two develop largely, others lagging behind or appearing stationary, But whatover the outcome, it is always’' referable to two factors,—circumstauces and will, These feircumstances and this will vary enormously. No two human beings are situ- ated exactly alike and no two have peecisely the same amount of native volition. Thera must be some explanation of these differences, some way of accounting for the fact that men are born and live in unlike conditions and are subjected to opposite influences. Now, three theories have been brought for- The first 1s that of Divine assignment. The Supreme Being, it is said, has boen pleased to place each man as He saw fit, and, as each came into the world without previous history, his temperament and his situation here, as well as all the effects on him they necessarily produce, have and can have no other cause ‘than the dictum of Deity. But in view of the hideous sufferiug of so many, and the excessive fortune of a few, this is an attrib- uting of cruel caprice to the Grand Archi- tect of the Universe. Wo fail to realize its enormity only because we do not analyze it, As a reasonablo aud just interpretation of human life, it utterly collapses. The second is the theory of chance. But ina universe of law, wherein overy succeediag discovery but expands the area of rigid cause and effect, tho supposition that ull physical inci- dents are under law while the mental and moral 1nterests of its inhabitants are loft wholly to hap-hazard, is too monstrous for serious thought. If not u sparrow falls to tho ground without a reason, billions of in- telligent beings can aot bo tho playthings of chauce. The third is the theory of desert—in other words, Karma. It is that a man’s circum- stances and disposition are the expression of his own merit, that he has and is what he de- serves. There is no question of whim or of accident; there 1s merely the operation of porfact justice determining award. But this of course implies a prior existence, for merit or demerit could nnk’ have been formed in a preceding career. And such is precisely the teaching of theosophy. It holds that the course of evolution carries the ego through hundreds of lives in a material body and on the material earth; that its conduct, and its conduct alone, forms the futureitencounters; that each incarnation expresses the status and right of the egoav that particular stage; that it is and that it lives where it belongs: that the degree of will-power it exnibits measures the degree it worked to in past time; that itis even mow framing its next incarnation by its demeanor In this; ana bence that life is not a mere vestibule to etermty, but is the scene wheremn the dweller garners the crops of earlier sowings and plants tho seed for crops hereafter. 1f true, what solemnity this theory imparts to buman existenco: what reality ‘it gives to a process from which overy determiniug ele- ment savo self-action ~bas been wholly stripped uway! ALEXANDER FULLERTON. i Garza Again. EAGLE Pass, Wex., Oct, 11—The comman- dant of Piedras Negras ‘received oficial in formation today that Catarino Garza with bis band passeli through Alice ou tho Moxican National railroad & few days ago, ueading northward and that it was supposed his objective point was KEagle Pass, where ho is known to have friends. ~ Active prepara- tious for his reception are being made in Piedras Negras, and at military headquar- ters considerable activity prevails, e Uesaler's MagioHeadaone Wafers, Cures al beaduches in 20 minutes. At all druggists. ——-— ompany A Changes. Rock Serixas, Wyo., Oct. 11.—([Special to Tue Bee.|—Friday night the Ladies' Guild of Rook Springs gave & grand ball and sup- por tothe ladies of company A. Yesterday the offleers of company A were given a ban quet and wine supper at the Commercial notel by the citizeus of Rock Springs. Com pany A is s00n to be removed from Pilot Butte near this place to Camp Logan near Denver, after a three years' stay here. DeWitt's Little Eariy tasers; only pillto curesick headache and regulate thebowa. s [WBEST PEOPLE ON EARTA." Unveiling at 8t Lonis of a Monument to the Benevolent Order of Elks. SIMPLE AND APPROPRIATE CEREMONIES. People Whose Lives Have Made the World Better for Their Living— Merited Eulogies Des livered, 8. Louts, Mo, Oct. 11, —A monument was dedicated today in Bellefonte cometer; mark the last resting place of all worthy members of St. Lows lodge No. 9, Benevo- lent and Protective Order of Elks, who de- sired 10 sleop their last sleep thero, A more beautiful day for the ceromonies could not have been desired. A gentle broezo swept over the city of the dead, softly sway- ing the red, white and blue colors which temporarily hid from view the graceful out liues of the shining bronze statue symbolic of the order The statuo is the gift of Colonel John A Cockrell of the New York Advertiser. It stands in a circulur plot of ground, situated about the center of the cemetery. The pedes tal, which stands about the middie of the piot, is of granite. The dimeusions are as follows: 10x10, the second stone is 8x6, tho third 4x6 and the die x4 Surmounting all and facing the south stands a beautiful elk, which measures nine feet from the top of the pedestal to the tip of the elik's antlers, mak ing the whole cighteen feet in height. Assist Ing in the ceremonies were dolegations from many cities in the country. There were representatives frowa Chicago, Ciucinnati, Kausas City, Sedahia, Haunibal, Hot Springs, Springfield, O.; Dallas, Tex. ; Brookly Reading, Pa.; Birmingham, Ala.; loans, Indianapolis, Evansvilie, Philadelpbia, Rockford, I1l., and other citie: The dedicatory exercises were grandly im- pressive and were rendered particularly so by the music, which inspired solomnity, aud by tho sighing of tho wind through tho trees, occasionally parting aloaf from its branch, wafting it to the chamber of death in which rosted the departea members of the local lodge. Around tho chamver of death and encircling the plot of ground were gath- ored tho living friends and brothers, who stood throughout the ceremony with uncoy- ered heads. The services commenced with music by Gilmore's band, after which camo the intro- ductory address, which was delivered by Judge Thomas J. Portis, in the absence of Governor D. B. Francis, who was unable to be present owiug to his train being delayed. Judge Portis folt honored in being selected, not only because ho roprescuted the governor of the state of Missouri, but because he was assisting in the anveiling of a monument to the grand and beuevolent order of which he was a member. He trusted that the dedicatioa of the monument would increase in _the hearts of all_assembled the fecling of charity, justice, brotherly love and fidelity—the four cardinal principles upon which the order rested. “How Sleon the Brave,” was rendered by a local quartette, and then the presentation of the monument to tho St. Louis lodgo was made by Colonel Join A. Cockrell, in tho the following address: An organization based upon the fmperish- able principles of charity, Justice, brotherly love and fldelity wust endure. ' Such an organization is the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elis, A fow years ago, In the Uity of New York, a Httle group of men—members of a profession which for more than 2,000 years has amused, instructea, entertained” “and uplifted ot, und in a spirit, half convival us, laid the foundations of this They had In their precarious lives folt thic need "of comradical holpfulness und fraternity. Thoy bullded bettor th y knew, for who With prophetis eye couid have foreséen the grand structuro which would rise upon that stender foundution, and which today has supporting pil more thun half the states of tho u sociot and austere, our he class from agabonds—those chil- dren of genius who have done so much to beautify and enrich tne world, Blot from our p “vazabonds” and how Wha 1 aching void clonce, we wipe from nvasses tho glorious tints of ists whose names will live to the end of time; we obliterate much of song an1 poesy and romance, and consign to Impenetrabie nbo and of darkness the shining naw akespoare and Byron and Goldsmith, and Keats and Shelley.” and Poe and countiess numbers of the children of men who, with pen und brash and chisel, bave peopled the world with the beings of fiction which we oherish as we do our_ loyed on nd have filled 1t with inspiring thoughts which ke our lives nobler und better. We revere our founders. It has been claimed by those who are op- posed to secret societies, that they belong to the era of burbarism and are no part of our clvilization. As in that olden aay, beforo magna charta ninde men freo, the secret or- gunization was made necessary to those who would resist tyranny or securo justico and the commonest rights, 5o today, brothernood s 0 necossity in that it brings purposes info closer communic hem, makes them helpful and, still better, smuof usperitios engendered in the fish strugs e 3 Our ordor maintnins a mode of morals as v 5 the gol les of Pythugoras on the novlo teachings of the new tostament, It makes us better hecaus poitls to the noblest attribute ty. As ono who hus folt il tic’ toueh of this orga who holds sweetest memories hours passed n the anionship members of Lodge it 15 my ploasure and privilege to present you t With u statue symbolic of our orde with prido the fact that, as No.0, I was in somd degres instrume socuring this beautiful burlal plot—blessed evidences of that charity which is the key- stoue of our temple. In choosing us tho emblem of our order, tho elk, our founders are lnspired with poesy. In all natural history thero is no animal more boautiful, and It is hore that we go buck to nature. Majestic of mion: swift of foot, tinid and shy. un eye as soft us childhood's,the oll 15, nevortheloss, resolute in defonse of. the rights, The ~prey of many, brings mo grief to any child the forest. It is melther rapucious nor vengoful. Its howo s sylvan and its witys are ways of pleasantness. Lts oxistence is 1dgllic, and. In o measure, pathotie, Hore, then, in this sllent city, upon this beautiful spot where the dews fail sofuly, the flowors bloom and birds sing, wo orect and dedlcate this emblomatical monument. So long s it may stand it will sacredly proclaim to'all the World that those of our brethren who slecp hero shall have tribute paid to their mem- es; that they shall have sproad upon thelr mounds rosemary for remembrance, that they shull hero find rost aftor labor, 1t oblivion. The band gfollowed with the well known hymn: “Nearer, my God to Thee, and at tiie conclusion of which the exalted ruler, Charles E. Joy, accopted the monument avd statuo on behall of St. Louis lodge, Mr. Joy sald: “As the ropreaontative today of the Elks of St. Lonls and In their behalt 1 desire to ox- Pross to you, sir, not only tholr deop appreci= ation of the nagnificont memorial here orocted and about to be dedicated to the purposs of parking the final resting place of our dead, ut also to oxpress in thelr behalf their pors sonal uppr of the genorous spirit which has prompted this gift, " Itshall be our pleasing duty 1o guurd well this od plot und see that It 1y fo tained us plce of sepulchre fo \y duad of our order. It 5 unnce or on this oceaston to oxpre personal regard of overy member of this lodge or yourself or to stato that y 1o will be ever held in gratoful remen 'As 0no by one 1ittlo oy of this elrole, vk th 5 death shall clufm those who purticipate in the of his Inter: stund with und this pie with tears (or wil od feolings of I8 him who hins w0 beautify this sympathes wtion and of the bowed head the dead, there gratitude in our S0 geunerously contributed burial pluce. The quartette sang Cardinal Newman's “Lead, Kindly Light/’ and then were begun the ceremonies of dedication, Thoy cousistod of a prayer by District Deputy Exalted Grad Ruler John W. Norton and the placiug of wreaths of tlowers by four officers of the order on the north, south, cast and west corners of the base of tho monument, In the centor of each wreath, on & background of white carnations, wers in raised lettors the words “Chrity, Justice, Brotherly Love and Fidelity.” Subsequent to the placing of the aths the district deputy exalted grand ruler accopted the monument for the graud lodge in accordance with a ritualof the ordor. Eloise Waro, the little 6-year-old daughtor of Colonel Ware, a prominent member of tho local lodge, had been solectod to pull the cord which Would cause the stars and stripes to fall from the statue and reveal it to the view ot those assombled. This she did in the following words: ‘It gives me great pleasure to unvoil tha statue prosented by Colonel John A. Cockrell. May this symbol of your order ever lead you in tho paths of right, and when vour work on earth is done mark your last abode." All present joinea 1n singing “Auld Lang Syne,” led by the band. The benedic was pronounced by tho district deputy alted grand ruler and tho ceromonies were at an end. IMUSEMENTS, delweiss" bogan a short engagement at Boyd's theator last evening, a largo audience welcoming the return of Mattie Vickers. Tho play is classed as a “‘picturesque comedy to mance,” and this designation is as good as any other. It gives Miss Vickers abundant opportunity to display her ability as a ploas ing_comedieuns, and that1s all thatis ro. quired in theso days of one part plays. The star has a largo following in the west who never grow tired of her oxcellent German dialect, her bright smile and winning ways, and no matter where the little woman plays, 3he is sure of a warm welcome, “The company embraces Frederic Weber, J. W. Murray, “Erie Pollock, Joseph Doner, I, C. Stewart, Albert Auden, William Os: mond, Emma'Lovio and Myra Davis, who have 'congenial parts, aud thoir work ovening pleased tho audienco. People who love a variety performanco pure and simple, with good, bad and indifer: ent speciaities, may gratify that affection this week at the [Marnam Street theater, “London Galety Girls" opening a week's en Kagement yestord matinee, pi “standing room only" last night. - PELSONAL PARAGRAPHS. C. L. Stone of Hastings is at the Paxton. E. R. Bentley of Lincoln is at the Paxton. F. S, Simmons of Seward is at the Casoy J. G. Baldwin of Bertrand is at the Mur- ray. Charles Spencer of Plattsmouth is at tue McPheely of Chadron is at the Dr. O. L. Stephenson of Geneva is at tho Casey. D. C. Dellone Dr. Schwartz and Will Nelson of Nobrask City are at the Dellone. Alexander Scott, Trwin Scott and E. of Stromsburg are at the Casey. Mr. A. Anderson, a promiuent citizen of Ainsworth, Neb., is in tho city and called upon T 13 Fred Hartman, John R. Miller, William Norton and Frank McTalan of Nebraska City are at the Paxton, Mr. and Mrs. H. (. Harto have roturned nome after bemg absent a month visiting the principal cities in the enst . A large number of the locomotive engineers who held u convention in Omuha lust week went up to Sioux City yosterday to sce the corn palace. Mclinteo of Plattsmouth is at the Haas - DoWitt's Little Earty Risers. pill_evor made. tme. Nono equal. 3. Bast little Cure coustipation every Use them now. pminations, BROOKLYY, ., Oct. 11.—Tho demo- cratic convention Suturday night nominated for mayor David A. Boody. The republican city convention nominated for mayor Honry A Meyer. e Qe Small iu size, great in results; DoWitt's Little Early Ri Bost pill_for constipa- tion, best for sick headuche, best for sour stomach. LI ANNOUNCEMENTS, The plot of “Old Jed Prouty,” which is to bo scen at Boya’'s theater for threo nights and Saturday motinee, commencing Thurs day, October said to be based unon in- nts in the lifo of an eccentric New Iin- lander, who fora long time was a popular inn keeper in Bucksport, Me. Mr. Golden enacts the tituler role, Lhat of the curious inn keeper, whom he lmew and whose quaint peculiarities he therofore studiod from real lite, In this character he depicts very natur- ally the soutimental as well as the amusing traits of the typical glander, con- stantly brought in contact with bis fellows, s reudition Mr. Golden does not descen d S. W. Cor. 15th and Douglas Sts. The slight change in the weather has erowded our THRER CA- anxious lookers and eager buyers. PACIOUS FLOORS with Wao're ampiy prepared for the ru ING OF OUR OWN MANUFA Hundreds of FRESH FROM OUR TAILORS, designs, prices ranging from 1o the broad burlesque and coarseness with which the conventional stage Yankeo has toa frequontly boen invested. Tho sale of sonts for tho_engagement of ““fod Prouty will open Wednesday morning noxt at the box office of Boyd's new theatro. Boyd's now theater will not theatrical attraction on Tuesday or Weodnes. day evenings, but on Thursday ovening and continuing d ng tho mainder of the weol Richard Golden will presont the Now Bogland comedy, “Old Jed Prouty? On Tuesday evening the Irish associations of Omaha will celebrate the 200th anniversary of the signing of the treaty of Limerick, & very important event in Irish history 0. §. Vernon, business manager for Vor- nona Jarbeay, is 1n the city. His attraction will appeer at Boyd's now thoater thr nights noxt week, osant any DELICIOUS Flavoring Extracts NATURAL FRUIT FLAVORS. Vanilla Lemon - Orange Almond - Rose etc;;) Flavor as delicately and dellclously as the fresh frult. Of perteot purity. Of great strength, Economy in their use AMUSEMBNITS b= [ g el = IR Seventeonth and Hurney Streets, RERSL. LRI L S e daa s SR | Firs Proof. | Ground Floor, | Eight Exits. Sunday and Monday, Oct. 11 and (2, Mattie » \igkers 1SS ovenink Tnterpre Yy trug to Figinl —lmported. relo Toe and §1; Gullory e RESEL AT FOIR 300 Thoator, Matinea streal Sundny. The Farnam One Week, Lnndori Poputar Prices. Commenc Jetober 1tk - Gaiety - Girls. Mati Saturday. COLISKRUM. OMAHA INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION. Open from 23] Grand Concert by Musical Union Band Each Eveniy co Wednesday and Wednesday and Suturday General admission Children's | ternoons. Le DIME EDEN MUSEE Corner 1th and Farnin Stroets, CHITTENDEN. Alusklan GIRACE COURTLAND, W NEAL [ wax and skoteh CULIANES COMEDY CO, ZAYURRAS Ariol Artists RAIE and FLAT Musical Kinga. SUNDELAND and RUTHDIN [mperson GAZELLE BUCKNER, Vocaliat Admission One Dime, Open daily 1 to I £ the Planey Far KING & (0 sh with WELL MADE CLOTTH- CTURLL Men's Suits embracing all new fabries and $10 to $35. You might as well buy a suit that fits. Hundreds of M Made up with every cave, and in 1 tures, not a garment in the entire lot but would hoad, with prices ranging from en's Overcoats styles and to ace a crowned Al the provailin $10 to $40. ¥ Hundreds of natty Suits $2 and up. Hundreds of Boys’ little Knee Pant l.ong Pant Suits, our make, $4, $5 and $6. I’s no trouble to fit the boys, and no trouble for parents to buy at such price [n Men's Purnishings and Hats You might search the east and wost and not suc variety, style and enormous quantity embraced in our | Prices for first quality goods no h re for no name qualities. the Fall and Winter, than paid elsewl 1in finding the out for (When you coms in, ask to be shown over our thres Hoo:a.) BROVALNG, AR Reliable Clothiers, Send for catalogue. PILL & OPEN .M. BEVENINGS,