Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, September 27, 1891, Page 10

TALKS WITH A STATESMAN. “Oarp's” InlumstlugTutarviuw With Sena- tor John Bherman, BEFORE THE PUBLIC FOR FIFTY YEARS, Has Known Upon Now man Position Prominent Meu St Intimately -~ Hi the Great F Before th sblema s People. Massrienn, O., Sept. 25.—[Special Corre- spondence of Tie Bee,|—1 catne from Wash inton to Ohio 10 ask for a talk with Senator Sherman and [ have had two interviows th him during tho past threo days. The graator partof our conversation was in the way of cliatty reminiscences and this covered the senator's public caroer running back to the days of Prosidont Krank 1Piorco. On my frst call, I ioft a list of questions as to some of the leading public issuos befors the coun- tey today, and tho answer to thess which constitute the latter part of this article were aictated by the senator to his nographer for mo and are authentic 1n every particular. Tho remainder was ratheracuat than a fixod interview It extended over several hours and I cau only give u portion of tho interost- {ng things which the Senator SH Mausfiold, Sonator St uated on the highest point boautiful town of about fif hundred peo- plo, with stroots crossing each other at right angles, and running out from apublic park filled with old forest u The town covers a half dozen hills and the rich farming coun- try surrounding it is pictur and rolling. Tho best stroot of Mansficld runs from tho park directly westward, It is lined with greon lawns and avenues of maplo treos and about a mils from the park, stands the resi- denco of Senator Sherman, This is right in the city, but it has twenty acres of velvety lawn about itand great pine, elm and chest- nut trees intorlock their branches about the house and make tho semi-civeular roadway which leads up to it a wooded drive. Tho haif-moon of lawn which lies in front of the house is, I judge, at least two hundred feot deop, and Mansfield peoplo uso this as a sort of park, and visitors drive into the senator's yard round the house und out again ad libi- tum. Back of the houso arc orchards of vari- ous kinds, and tho pear trees and peach treos wro proppod up least their brauches bo broken by the rich yield of the present year. To the left of the house as you 2o in und some distance away is the new barn which Sena- tor Sherman said he was going to build when ho came home 1o Ohio this summer. The expression was used in an interviow at Pittsburg, and was taken up by the por paragraphers in much the same way as tho exprossion ho used bofore a former sena- torial cloction. Then ho said ho was coming homo to fix his fences, and now he camo to build a barn. Ho bas built the barn in real- ity. It cost $2,000 and is a pretty cott like houso about fifty feet long aud forty feet decp, fitted out with all the best stable re- quiroments. In it I found threoor four car- ringes and half a dozen good hovses which the senator told me were of his own rais- ing. In the oid barn near by wero a numver of Jorsoy cows and theso aro Mrs, Sherman’s pets. Thoy produco the fiuest of milk and cream and Mrs. Sherman has hor butter under her own supervision, She is thor- ougbly domestic in her tastes and, not long ago, 8ho was 50 proud of her buttor that she bad somo of it entered at the county fair, but left hor name out of th list of exhibitors and tho butter was displayed as anony- mous. The judges, in makig tho ' award, gave the premium_ to another butter maker and passed Mrs, Sher- man’s buttor on the chargo that it was so yellow that it must have boen artificially colored. Mrs, Sherman was naturally very indignant at tho chargo and sho cut the roil of butter up and sent a siice of it to each of tho juages with her compliments. ‘The Sherman Residence. Senator Sherman’s house is an almost ideal home for a great statesman, 1t is a big two- story and mansard brick, 80 fect long and portiaps 60 feet deep, and 1t has big porches, big windows and beautiful views. It is by no meaus a grand house nor a gorgeous one, Every part of it is simplicity personified. but it impresses you as being a most comfortable homo. The brick is painted drab and the windows, steps and front agors aro finished in a peculiar old red sandstoue,stroaked with goldeu yeliow, in all the variations of the onyx or agate, Passing overa porch about fifteen fect wide, you enter hrough the front door into a genercus hall which, in the shape of a capitul L, makes, in_fact, two good sit- ting rooms. At your ripht on 'tho wall hangs a pair of antlers which Senator Sherman got in his trip over the Canadian Pacific, and at tho rignt and left are doors opening into parlors. Around at the other end of tho hall is the diuing room, which is, I judgo, about twenty-five feot square, and back of this through o butler's pantry, is a big kitchon lighted by many windows and finished in the cleancst Georgla pine, 1 found Mrs. Shor- man with a great sunshado on hor head, eol- ing iuscious peaches for canning, in the din- ing room, and as we looked at tho kitehen,sho sad sho hoped if 1 was going to make o' dn- scription of tho house that I would notice tho trees and describo the interior of the house as it was. Said sho: “Our home has been deseribed as a grand mansion and Loften find our visitors disap- pointod when thoy come here expecting & palaco, Tho house is, as you sce, very plain, ut it is o comfortable howme ana woe like it} Duriag my stay, I visited the other por- tions of it, "It contains, I should say twenty rooms, und all the rooms are largo and airy The windows give fino views over milos of roiling country, and ln one of the libraries 1 noted & teloscope, and asked Sonator Shor: man if he used this 1n_studying tho stars, Ho rephied with & laugh thatho now and then looked ut tho moon and at Venus aud Mars through it, but that the chiof use of it within the pust fow weolks had been in turn ing it on tho races which were goiug on two miles away, and which, through it, could be a3 plainly seen as on tho grand stand, o Senator's Books, Senator Sherman's library s seattered throughout the wholo house. * The fact that heis astudentis written all overit. The moment you eater the frout door you seo in tho hall o wall of books and on the second and third stories you find tho hails filled with bools cases, and it tho southeast corner of the mansard, thero is o roferenco library of soveral thousand volumes. Tho lower libra- ry contains thousands more and when I asked Senator Sherman jhow many books ho had horo and ut Washington, ho said he_thought he must have in the ueighborhood of 15,000 volumes. ‘Tho mansurd library is largely given up to Americana. It coutiins all of tho publio documonts sinea 1950 und the debates of congress back to the boginning of the government. The room, which 1s, I snould judge, about eightoen feot wiae aud twenty-live foet longy is filled with black walnut cases and Mr. Babeock, tho senator's privato secrotary, tolls mo that'Mr. Shorman will have uo moro books placed on this tloor, on aczount of their weight. Thoso already in the mansard will weigh many tons and the floors, thouxh strong, might give way under the pressure. The library on the ground tloor ia tweuty-five feot squarc and tho books hero aro of all kinds from science to fiction. Two largo cases are taken up with volumes reiating to the war. Ouo is voted to mod- eru sclence and Mill and Spencer hove stana sids by sido with Darwin and Huxloy, An- other large section of tho library is devoted to financial authoritiey and anettier to Amer. fcan biograpbics. ln lookiag over the books, 1 noticed that Bryant's “Tliad" was woll sbumbed and, finding the complote works of all tho groat novellsts in another section, I asked Sonator Sherman who was his favorite suthor iu fiction, and be told me it was Walter Scott. Theso books are in walnut casos which run within, I judge, about four feot of the ceiling. There are no doors in front of them and the books are so arrangod that the seuator can got what he wants on short no- tice. Throughout the whole library I noticed & mothodical and systematic arrangement sod among the most valuable books of his Jvhiole collovtion are bound pampblots, s dozen ator suid. an's Home. rman’s home, is sit- in Ohio. Itisa 00 que 'HE OMAHA DAILY or %0 boing put together in each volume and a complote indox of contents mado to it Valuable Autograph nor of the library I saw the great in which thesenator keops his r'his vault is as big as a hal filled with shelves and it con usands of private lotters an s which would muaka the fortune of torateur, Hero thoro i a lary b books runniug back to the time whos A public life, nearly fifty yonrs ago, important {ottars which ho has ator Sherman has boon notod for know how to keep his mouth shut sud public mern have openod their minds to bim without restraint, ‘There are v unwri history in thes ters and the names si, od to th 1 are those of thoej groat men women ln nearly eve branch of life, public and private, for the last generation and a half. Thero are about fifteen volumes, each as big as a dictionary, which contains letters {0 principaily for their autographs ing over one of these, devoted to ro not politicians, T opened at ran dom to lotters trom Jay Gould, Cyras W Iield, noted Sisters of Charity, great preach- ers and others, As I looked, Senator Sher man told me he thought he could show me an autograph letter from a noted man [ should seloct who had, during the past forty years, been prominent either in this country or in Europe. 1 ransacked my brain and’ finally usked him to show me u lotter from Francis Licbor, the noted Gorman scholar, I think I have al,” replied Senator Sherman, and that he turned to the ingex ot another volume, and then tur over the leaves until he came to half a dozen letters which Lieber haa writ- ten him concerning tho most famous of his books In on firopro priva bedroom. tains documon nl of scr he enter and ull th ceived ng f vau ) papers. It i fth 1 nes of with John and Tecumseh, most nteresting letterspwhich Senator Sherman has ever written are those which he penned to his brother, General Sherman, and the correspondenco of these two brothers will, whon it is published, be one of the most valuable and interestivg books of A n histor Senator Sherman has pre refully all the letters of his brother from the time he went to West Po 10 the aay of his death, and these lette were very full, and they gave a picture of General Sherman’s intellectual andmaterial life. Most of them aro written in camp, soni times before a battlo and somotimes on a dram head afterward. All of them are vivid with tho hfe and surroundings of the general at tho time, and they deal with pablic men 5 of more” than fifty years of ¢ One of them tells of the firt dis- covery of gola in Calitornia, and man) them detail the inside history of army m ments which have never gotten into print. Senator Sherman wrote quite as freely as his brother, and, during his whole carcer, ho bas written several letters a week to bim Theso lettors General Sherman began to save in 1350, and his papers include tho let- ters of Senator Sherman from that time to this. Senator Sherman has handed over all of the general’'s lettars to the children of General Sherman, and it nay be that both sets will bo published. It is hard to realizo tho love that existed between Jobn und Wiilinm Tecumseh Sherman. During my taik with the senator | noticed that his voice drovped whenover he spoke of the weneral, and, upon my asking whether any of this cor- respondence between bim and his brother was dictated, he replied that it was not, and that hie nover wrote lotters to his family or his brother except with his 0wn hand. Awmong the sherman’s Reminiscences. It was in the big liorary that I had my chats witn Sonator Shorman.” The busts o? Washington, Clay, Webster and Salmon I”. se looked down upon us from tho tops of the bookcases as we talked, and back of the senator I could sce on a_pedestal among the books a new bust in marble of himself, by French, At my left, on an easel, there was u magnificent marble'medallion of Avraham Lincoln, und in front of me, beside a plain walnut table, with bis iron-gray huir hanging over his great white forehead, and his face not a day older than it was ten years ago, sat Senator’ Sherman. As 1 looked at him, I couid hardly realize that he was 63 vears old and that ho had been a part of our history for more than forty-five years. Senator Sherman has been represented us 4 cold man, but [ havo never found him so. He is an exced- ingly busy man, but when you can cateli him at his leisuro thero is no more delightful talker in the United States, and no enjoy good laugh and a good story quite as as some of our so-calied creat inen who spend their leisure in hotel lobbies and barrooms, and who makoe much of their capital out of hand-shaking and hiby-kissing. I asked Senator Sherman to 1 me of bis fivst coming to Washington. He o piied: *I first visited Washington in 184, cight yoars be- fore I was elected to congress. I spenta month there at this time. 1 lived at Brown's hotel and met most of the noted men. [ called upon President Poli at tho white houso. He looked morc liko & Presbyterian preacher than unything clse and 1 was not particularly ~ampressed with him. There were two very pretty girls at the hot to whom 1 was introduced, and oue of these was especially admired by Stephen A. Doug- lus. As | wens around with the younz | during my stay [ saw mueh of Douglas, ar Imet bim again when [ was clected to'con- gross.” Tow did Douglas impress you?' I askod. “I do not remember that ho “improssed me atall. I was only rs old at that tim and that Is an ugd when o young wan feols more his own importance than be docs that of other men. It was the same with me and T am suro | was a greator man in my own es- timation than I havo ever beon s 1 met Dolly Madison during this visit. She lived in: the house that Prosident Madisou left her o tho corner of Lafayotte square and H streot, which is now occupied by tho Cosmos club. 'She was o handsome old lady with a boautiful complexion which was emphasized by the turban which always crowned he head. Sho was a bright talker and, though quite oid, was very entertaining. ' At this time [ wont over to New York and visited somo of my relatives who lived thero at the corner of Broadway and Ninetecnth streot. Thero wero no houses then avove T'wenty- third steeot and fashionable New York w all down town. Sherman's First Campaign. “Had you any idea at this time that you would ever come back to Washington as con gressman and senator!” +No," veplied Souator Sherman, “the dis- trict in which 1 lived was domocratic ana when, at the age of 25, 1 was delegate to the national couvention at Philadelplia and was chosen there as secretary, the man who nominated me said that 1 came from a dis- trict in Ohio which was 50 democratic that 1 could never get an ofiice unloss that conve tion gave mo one. This caused a laugh and thoy elected me. Schuyler Colfax of Indiana was made assistant secretary on the samo grounds, and we walked up together. This was my first afico and my next was during tho sumne yoar. I was a aclegate to tho con vention at Columbus, O., which nominated Salmon P, Chase for' governor. It was, I think, the first republican convention held in Ohio and I was chosen as president of it, “Tho reason for the choico was that such an antipathy existed between the older candi- dutes that none of them could bo chosen and they picked upon me as a compromise, 1 1o member that [ was aimost scared to death wheu they put the gavel in my hand, but I got through somehow. When I was nowi nated for congress 1 had left Mans- fiold to practice law at Cleveland, but on hearing _of my _ nomina- tion, I camo back. My oppouent was an old 'farmer named Lindsoy, whom they called “Coedkorn” Lindsoy. 'He had been in congross boforo and had gotten the title dur ing s fivst campaign, from a letter which ho had written to one of his supportersin which he spelled seed corn *Coed Koru,” His con- stituents, however, claimed that tho whigs were luughing at the farmers. Thoy riod seed corn with them to the poils made this word the watchword of their cam. palgn and elected him. Thoy ran him for a socond term against e, but I defeated him 1 was elected by a good majority and I spent my first yoars in Washington duving the Plerco and Buohanan administrations.” did you thiuk of Buchanani’ uever cousidered him & great replied Senator Sherman. 0'was of ordinary ability and lacked cour ke was controlled by the southern ov and w neither a bright man nor an able oue. Ho was opposed to us in the Kansas-Nebraska fight with which I had much to do and tnrough which I came iuto national prominence.” Just Before tho War, Senator Sherman here talked for some time of the great men before the war and of the troublous times of Buchanan's adminis tration. He was on the commities of con gress sent west 10 examiue into the Kausas. Nobraska outrages and during wis time he was ofton 1o danger of bis lfe, RufMaos BEE, surrounded the committeo rooms and the congressmon roceived many threats to leave adorned with pictures of coffins above which were skulls and cross bones, Senator Sher. 1wan wrote the report of the committes and it was smuggled through to Washington in side the clothing of the wife ot Dr. Robir on, afterwards governor of Kansas, John Brown was the sargoant-at-arms of the com nitteo and Senator Sherman says that Brown told him all the circumstances of the kiliing at Ossawatomie to think that ho should ¢ of men by a sort of vigilaneo ¢ contrary to law. He reterred to as being a botter man than _ho with being, and said Jen rough his exprossions and ha acctistomed to use tho word ‘damu never acenmpanied it with the namo Deity ana I do not think he ought called a profane man I asked Senqtor Shorman if he realized this timo that the war was coming, He replied, *Yes, I nad no doubt of it and 1 toid my southern frionds in congress tha if the statos seceded there would srtainly be war, Thoy thought di ently and many of them believed that the north” would ¢ cept socossion without a struggle, I romem an especial fricnd of mine, Crawf 1. Wo often talked over the situa- tion togother and, just before ne was ab to leaye Waslington, 1 urged him not to go. He said, ‘Why, Sherman, I am surce to come back again. 1'am going to the now apd in two years I will be back at Washington 65 onvoy extraordinary a minister plenipotentiary from the Confeder. ute States to the United State I replied, “You are much moro likely to come bac here as a prisoner of war. You do not ap- preciate our people at the north, You have no idea of our character or our resources. Wo have uot commencad to think of the mat tor of sccession seriously as yet. We have not vegun o get angry, but I can tell you, that the north will never permit a disrup- tion of the union and, if the south atiempts ity every home in it will ba visitod with the horrors of war.’ Crawford did not believe me, but when | met him some yoars later at the Atlanta Exposition, he referred to the conversation.” Sherman ant hator Sh Bon was cr Wado w was often but he of the to be Hayes. rman know Prosident Lincoln welland # mutual admiration existed be- tween them, He was intimato with all th presidents from Lincolu to Harrison aud e was as close to President Hayes as any man in his cabinet. During our conversation 1 askea him whint ex-President Hayes was do- ing now, Senator Sherman replied : as au ex-president ought to live, and ho is devoling his and his fortune sololy to tho publ good. He is connocted with & numbor of charitable associations ana no private life could be more useful than bis. He is about 70 years of ae now, but he 18 in a good con- dition physically ‘and _iutellectuall; tie avoids notorioty aod has_taken no part in politics sice b loft the white bouse. 1 con- 1 of much greater ability than be is given credit for. Iiis administration was always burdened with tno question of the legality of his seat, but ho zave the coun try ono of the ablest administrations of its history and he was 8s good an exceutive as any country has ever had.” “By the way, senator, I Butlor has writien a book. bim ? “Yes," replied Senator Sherman, “Ben utler is a romarkablo character. 1 first knew of him during the Cherleston couy tion of 1869, but I did not meet nim till he a major general, auring the war. | don't ho was @ great soldier, though con- the fact that he had ‘no military , e did fairly well. In volitics, he has always belonged to the school of 1n- Hlationists.” ~tories of Thad Stevens. From Butler the talk drifted to Thaddeus Stevens and Seuator Sherman said Thuddeus Stevens aud I were great friends, though we wera always on different sides of money questions and he used to suy that my eyes were not big enough to s auything but o gold dollar.” o w of brilliant intellect, bituz sarcasm and innate wit. Heo was an ardent supporter of mine ut the time of the Long speakership contest of 1539, when for cight weeks, the nouse balloted for a speaker. For weeies | was within three votes of u majority and my friends stuck to meuntl I saw that there was danger that a dem ‘at might be olected. I theu urged my friends to chooss some other man who could take my votes and get enough additional onos to secure the election. All of my frieuds except two swd they would vote for anyono I selecied, and these two were Thaddeus Stevens atd Mr. Spiuner, who was afterwards teeasurer. Thoy refused to comprowise on anyone, and ‘Chaddeus Stovens said that he would vote for Sherman till the crack of doom. Notwithstanding this 1picked out Penuington of New Jersey as thie candidate in my place, My friends v for him and enough others came nis clection, but it was so areanged, that to bring about the clection, Thaddeus Stevens had to vote for Pennivgton. As he did so, ono of the congressmen rushed over to bim and said: “Mr. Stevens, I thonght you had sworn to vote for Sherman till the crack of doon 4 Well,” whispered Stevens, as he pulled the man over and put his mouth to his ear, ‘L think I near it cracking.’ Thaddens Stevens wes quite ill for some years beforo he died,” Senator Sherman wenton. *“He knew lie had to dio soon, but this never affected bis spirits, During bis last days in con; ss he Liad to be Lifted out of his earriage aud carried up the steps to the capitol. Ho was o yery heavy mau and he had two big,burly negrocs to earty him. Oue day, just a few weeks beforo nis doath, whea these young fellows, after great mbor landed him on tho top, ho said, as ho paid them: ‘Boys, I don’t know what' L'l do when you die.) Some Notable Experien “He s living He is rich cnerg Ben You mist kuow es in Europe. Senator Sherman overy purt of Ho “has visited ritory o number of nas traveled through the United States, overy state and ter- times. Ho nas mado several trips to kurope and during bis visit of 1867 h» haa some remarkabls expericncoes. During our talk the question of Princo Eis- 1aarck’s rotivement toprivate life came up and I asked him if he hud ever met Bis- wmark. Ho replicd, “I met him in 1867, 1t was at Berlin and we bad a long talk together, “Tho greater part of our conversation was as to the war which hud then Just closed and Bismarlk told mo that he was glad to say that tho sympatiies of every nian in Germany, from the king in Lie palace 1o the pea in his cottage, were with the norih in that struggle. Bismurk was in his prime at that time. He was tatler than I am and much heavior, His foatures wero decidedly Gor- man but he talked English as well as I do, and 1 was much impressed by bis ability and character.” “Did you meet Kaiser Wilhelm?" “Ho was not Kaisor Wilhelm thon,” re- plied the senator, “ho was plain King William of Prussin.’ No, I visited bus palaco at Berlin. but did ot meet him, as ho was engaged at the timo of wy visit! | met him a fow weeks later at Paris under remarkablo clecumstauces. [t was at tho timoof the Iuternational Exposition of 1867 and I wus presented by our mivister to France, the Hou, Jobn A. Dix, to the French emperor. Napoleon 111, to Czar Alexander of Kussia and to King William of Prussia. Tho wndieuco was in the palaco of the Tuilleries. Wo wers in eveniug dress with knae breeches und stockiags and 1 remomb Fernando Wood was presented with me. Wo od at ono side of the lon, hall with tho winister us the naperial procession entore Napoleon 1 camo first with o Russian princess ou his arm, the czar of all the Rus- sians came second accompanied by Eugenio, the empress of the 1" and following up tho rear as hird in with Prince Bis- wark and othior minor great men behind him, was Kiug William of Prussia. I have often thought of what a ehange thore would huve boen in that procession had its members como togetier fivo years later. years Napoloon had fallon greatest cmperor in Eu Franco-Prussian war into tho an exile at Chiselhurst, En Wiltiam, by the consolidation of confederation, was the Lead German ewpire and, with from being ope through tho xistence of and. King the German of tho great his victorious armies, had taken Napoleon’s placo s the | dictator of the continent. Bismarck as his promier was controlling tho destiny of nations, Czar Alexander 11 was still on the throne of Itussia, but his days were oum- bered and it was not many yours thereafter that be was assassinuted. As it was [ was impressed by the oharacter of Napoloon. I dined with bim later in my visit and fouud bim a very able man. The chief subject of oUF couversation after this was, as in my talic with Bismarck, the war. Talks Politic The following is my interview w Sona. tor Sherman on political matters. The gues tious were writtea out for Senator Shorman Senatc rman Within five | tho | and liis replios woro rovisod bofore being ro- turned to mo. The fivst question was as to the political issuas 6 toda, Said Senator Shbeiian — The chiof issues in national politics ird fo doubt the tamfl ques tion and free coinaga of silver. Upon theso 1 have expressed my opinion 30 fully in pub. Iie speeches that it is hardly worth while to make them the subject of an interviow. Tho McKinley tariff is no doubt the most compre- hensive and carefully propared revenuo law have ever had on'the statute books, It pro- fos the largest méasure of free trade ever 1in a taflff, Jaw. It inoreasos the pro tive rates on srticles which come into competition with our productions, both of the farm and workshopy ana tonds more than any provious law to butid up industeics not here: totor xisting in tred United States, Some of its details will be the subjest of contro. versy during the next congress, and may be changoed, but I velieve the principles of the bill will be maintained, As our industrics are devaloped rates may be reduced, and freo trade will be ext as rapidly as our needs for revenue will pormit.’ ho ieciprocity Schemes, “How about reciprocity 1 Canuda?"! Correspondent with South America u nator Sherman—**Reciprocity s hing novol in it. This 0, 85 wa huvo had several examplos ciprocity, most of which have turned out o two reciprovity treaties p put an end to by the United s 08 5001 A8 Lhe troatics permitted. The Hawailan treaty is a monument of folly which cost us a'great many millicns of dol lars withe ¥ substantiai benefit, Other reciprocity treatios were either rejected by tho to or the hiouse of representatives refused 10 puss laws to cirry them into effect. The reciprocity provided by the MeiKinley bill is extremely limited in 1ts scope. ‘T'hie third sec tion provides that whenever any country pro ducing und exporting sugars, molasses, cof fea, tea and hides imposes unreasonablo du- ties on agricultural products of the United States, the presidont shall suspend the free introduction into the United States of such articles from such country, and that during such suspension tuese articles shall bo subject 1o tho old duties provided by the mer law. Recipro tho 1y is ¢ to ve articles nuned, und, as th cannot be produced at a quantities, in the United a very simple question of fair trade o the president could oxorcise his without the intervention of congress. 1 seo 10 objection to such reciprocity and it is to tho credit of thoadministration of Presid Harrison that he has boen able to make satisfactory arranzoments with which will be a benefit to all es affected. Our trado with tho count south of us will bo greatly benefited by rail roads uad ship lines, which, I believe, wilh out the aid of the government, will in timo bo established, but which I think ouehit to be favored and vacouraged by such assistance us we can render. As for zeciprocity with ( a much more dificuly problem. he produ tions of Canada are exactly similar to_thos of the United $tates, as to which we are nut- ural competitors. Both countries would bo benefited by limiting v dificultios i the way ar ural drift of ovents is for C United States to become parts of on nd I believe such is thoir ultima! but I hope 1t will never occ e0 consent not ouly of tho psople and Canada, but of the roat Britain. This opans sh o tiald of conjecture, involving the future of the Anglo-Suxon race, that it is havdly worth while t9 tail of what we hopo may be." spolkon ar in lin provide which ada, it presents coun des- Sherman Became a Financier. Question: “Will vou piease tell me, tor, how you cams to bo identifind tinancial mattors, und mado this field How Senator sena- with your, know Low I counection with the I bhardly une to drift into my ional inauces, When I enterad cong vut one faea, and that w. extension of slavery over iginally 1 did not cntertain any extreme notions aboat slavery, except as a palvible moral g that I hoped some_day would bo e :d,but the repeai of the Missouri compromwissand the e 3 fort wnde by the most lawless mea nd slav. or iXansas and Nebraska made me a determined opponent to the democratic o 1 power tn all branches of tho My fizst participation in fin tion was aftor I was appoin of tho committee on ways and meuns in the Thirty-sixth congress in 1860, * tho first time I bad to deul with fis- ira, and that too at a time when the credivof the government was at the very lowest ebb, end when members of congress bad to reccive their pay in treasury notes, as the treasury was substantially “bankrupt. From that time to this, I have been identi fied to iter or less degree withour finan- clul legislation, I could only answer you now vy a reference to the history of the country. When [ was transferred to the senate’in 1561, [ was placed on the commit- of finance, of which Mv. essenden was chareman. 1o was a man of marked avility, haps as intellectually ublo as any man in ato thew or for years before 5 sharp, incisive, not wlivays pleasant ability as a deoater ulluence. o was smely conservative his views, and wias very slow in yreiding to the necessities of the time for neiv kinds of monay and new soureces of ravenue, and therefore threw upo: me a good deal of rasponsloility which he more properly should hayo azsumed. Then came up the question of the demana notes is sued as a tomporary expediont, followed soon after by the controlling question of legal teu- der paper money to bo issued directly by the treasury of the United . He believed that this was unconstitutional, but he felt the necessity of it so gr that, while vot- ing against it, ho would not take the respon sibility of defeating the measuve. I had no doubt” of the constitutional powsr of th United States to issuo such notes under the goeneral powers couferred by the constitution, and took tha 1ead in favor of issuing suc with v, scided opposition from s perienced senators as Judge Collamo mont, but was finally carriod by the for tha immediate uso of soma wmoney." Our National 71 z System. “ALthat timo the channels of circulation wero filled with notes of state banks, which, by the sub-treasury law, could not be ro- ceived by the United States, and gold and silver had disappoared s00n after tho opening of the war, and the notes of tho banks vared in valuo in difforant stutes, 50 that practic thero was in existenc considerable am of money, and tho stato hank notes were atand hindrancs to the United States about to issue. ‘I'nis condition induced ary Chuse to propose a national bank- tem founded mainly upon the banking law of New York, My expericnce with banks in the west hud thoroughly committed mo against all forms of paper money issued oy local baunks, Aftor a careful stuay of tho question, I took u the bill to organizo na. tional banics, made teytain important modifi- cations to it, introduéed it in the senate, and, aftar long dobate, finully curried it by a baro majority, most of tha, eustern senators being opposud to the schome, I think it was tho study of this financial problem and the ne- cessity of taking thedead in this measuro that, mora than anything elso, fixod my mind upon financial questions and made mo respon sible, moro « less; for the financial logisla- tion sinee the beginbing of the wa “Iu roviewing these measuros war, it will be noticed that the house and tho sennte were almost alivays opposed to cach othier upon the pringipios of tho loan and cur- rency ball The louu bills sent to the senuto by tho bouso generally provided for bonds and contempluid @ largo issue of United States notes (with no provision to maintain them from dopreciation and with no right to thin bouds until tneir turity. I'hs the boginuing to the position that the issue of notes sho! carafully limitod,thit the cight to red bonds in a snort i0d should bo reserved with a view to return to sp ments as soon as practicable of closod, It was tho senate that iuserted tho provisions for the payment of the customs dues in coin and the payment of the interest on the bonds in coiu, and the provisions al lowing the five-twenty bonds 10 be redeomea in five yoars,tho ton-forty bonds ia Len years, und the great inass of soven nud throe-tenths treasury notes in thres years. ‘I'hess provi slons, so v s has bean shown, to th dit | of the governmeant, we reluctantly yielded by the house, but wore tenaciously insistod upou by the senute and agreed to, eNo cau- did person cau uow dount, looking back upon thosa ditions, but that tho sc was right, and that but tor these wrovisiol United States notes would have boon more and move deprecinted, and a rostoration to the normal condition, that the specio standard, would have been difacult if not im ! possible. 1 doubt whether s wiser policy o con ave him commanding in of Ver: need form of duving the long IXTEEN ct to our debt and currency undor the nous strain of war, demanding sums so vast could have boon dovised. YAt the close of the war, the administration of Secretary Culloch in April, 1866, & radical difforonce sprung up both in the seuate and fo the house as to the best process of funa ing the various forms of indebtedness of the United States. I found myself at variance with Mr. MecCulloch, Secrotary Fessenden and o majority of the republicon sonators. The law of 1850 that 1 opposed ineffectively provided for the conversion of the outstand- ing indebtedness, including the seven and three-tenths treasury notes, into the ¢ per cent bonds of the United States, The Story of Resumy I believed then and I bolieve now, Senator Sherman continues, “that under the wreat inflation of our cnrrency the whole debt could have been refunded fnto a 4 orh per cent bond reserving the right of payment within a brief period, 1 also beliaved and still bolieve that tho five-twenty bonds, by o fair construction of the laws,were payablo in the lind ana class of Unitea Statos notes issued under the law providing for tho fssue of both these bonds and notes, As a legal question this seemed to me clear and uncon- trovertible. Asa moral question it could be urged with groat force that it was tho duty of the United States first of ail to make its 1I0tes or Dromises Lo pay money cquivaient to coin bofore availing itself of tho right to payv off the bonds with United States notes, 1 therefore was not in favor of asserting the vight to pay off the bonds with the notes uitil the notes themselves wer convertible at the will of the holder into coin of standard value. If the purpose to resume specio pi ments within o reasonablo period had been declaved by law, and due preparations made for it, it would have ad. vanced the United States notes rapidly to par and they then would have been willin y received in the payment of bonds and the whole mass of bonds would have beon con- verted at » lower rate of interest. In other words, if the same measure had been adopted in 1865 for the resumption of specie payr that was adopted in 1575, n vast sum would havo be to the peovle 1n tho payment of intc credit’ of the govornment would have been maintained, the long agony of recuperation would have been avoided, the iutercst on the debt would have been reduced nd the resumption of spoeie payments broughtabout as early nsg 1570 instead:of 1579, “But whetber this bo so or not, I was over ruled, the law of 1566 was passcd, and the mass of the indebteancss was converted into 6 per cent bonds, Nothing was done to in- spire hope for the future until the first act of the administration of General Grant in 1569, trengthen the public credit. This was followed by tho refunding ‘act of 1871, sact invited the same controversy ve- en the two houses of congress as that ol the house of representatives insisting upou long bonds, the mass of them to run thirty vears, the senute insisting upon short- erbonds with the right of redemption in ten you TI'he compromise effected by the act equently amendod, provided for §00,000,000 5 per cent; £00,000,000 4i¢ per cent, and §700,000,000 4 por cent ponds. of 1875 provided for the resumption of specic payments 1n 1579, Under these acts the vast refunding operations have boen suc- cessfully compled and tho resumption of spe- cio payments accomplished.” The Farmoe All Right. Correspondent: “[low about the farmers and their money troubles suator Sherman: “Undoubtedly there has been mich discontent among farmers during few vears as to crops and prices. is ear thoy are blessed with a_bounteous »p of all kinds and a favorable time to harvost it, with a very poor crop in compet- ing countries. This fluctuation in_quantity and price of the products of tho farm 1s an unavoidable incident to_this industry, which depends so largely upon causes beyond human controi, I'ho industry of the farmer, however intelligent and coustant, may be de feated by want of rain, by frost, or many causes which no care or foresight can guard ugainst. He has tho wide world for his com- petitors. His productions being perishable must be marketed within thoe year ov are of no value. Favorable circumstances may ada to nis crop in the United States and tho fa ure of crops in other countries may add to his profts. I'ne condition of our currency and of othor industries also affect their vaiue, L do not sco how these conditions can bo changed. Farmers ure entirely justified, like all other producers, in making any arfange- wment to promote their mutual inierests, but the number of farmers is so great that pro- toction in this wav almost fails. With those drawbacks thev have many advautages not sed by others. The farmer produces his own soil and his own labor all he fool necessary for existence, and, with a convenient home market, can supply other articles essential to li He cannot be fected by hostile legislation. Al he wants is good money of the highest standard, and a 1 just system of taxation , from their numbers, can s 3 all tho rest depends provider co and bis own labor. Farmers are the ereat consarvators of our system, without which the iufluence of citic would soon demoralize and disorganizs cty. 1 believe hanges will ocenr in the natural order of u the coudition of the farmers, 'he ti it when they will nave no troable about fences, their neighbors' stock will be corralled, when farmers of the neighbornood will gatber into village communities and like advanced Fu. ropean natious will go out from theso Lo their daily worl on farms near by, Cioser commu- nity and association will bring neizhbors into closor touch with each other. The moving to towns or cities, now tho most striking ton- deucy of our population, will be checked, while the marvelous lavor saviog machinery will relieve the farmer from his former hard labor. As for the wild schemes proposed b the visionaries of our day, that the farmer wust be supported in his great industry by »deemable money loaned to him at 2 per nt, and warchouses maintained by the go ernment for the storing of s grain, they will be rejected by him s cluss legislation of the most aangerous charactor, hivd Parties and the Al respondent: “You have bad much ox- pericnco with third parties, Tell mo what you think of thom.” Senator Sherman: “Yes, T have very de- cided opinious about third partios. They upt to bo prompted by the sudden projection of soma new issue, or by the disapy a particular class, 1 do not that hus been succe the object of its s perhaps it may be said soral party succeeded ) froe accomplished the of its organiza- tion, Buot this [ deny. I'no agitation of the slavery question by the abolitionists nio doubt called” the atteution of the peopls to tho oral aspect of tho slavery question that party made but little prozress until the great struggle occurred for the 10n of slavery over the western te It was not 50 much the moral aspect of was the struggle betwesn contendin for the possession of territory that led to the formation of the republican parly and tho fiuul overthrow of slavery. 1 um quite sur thal tho cause of tempe beon botter promoted by the agitation of in- dividuals in both tho great parties in favor of tomperanca legisiation. This would have ved gradual and finally efective m for the restraint of tho liquor tr and tho rrection of the great evils conceded to spring from intomperance. No cause can succeed in this country uatilit has enlisted on 1ts side one of the two great parties, and no proposed measure of legislation can fail to get the support of one of these parties under Me- nee. that tho il party ures PAGE NTA: CLAUS - SOAP- 15 Gy * ONLY BY- v LCIICAGO. | EVERY WOMAN THAT HAS ANY SENSE, AND MANY THERE BE WE HOPE, WILL SPEND HER CENTS FOR A USEFUL CAKE OF FAIRBANK'S-SANTA: CLAUS-SOAP: LN L1724y TARSNLP AN TILTIN 1AL Ay Jusands of Its gEAduatos In business for clorks, copyiits, amaunenses, and sonozeaphors. A ) exmination on enterig. Individual instraction it when you are roady. Yo sty one branch or all of them. You ean 0 work niehits and mornings. Evenis 1Tor Ehose Wwho ean’t como during branchos taught. Our prices are the lowest. nors ean loarn Knelih. A 1t Lo those who como In Septomber ant piy cas! uld you need an netive y Rihte and wornings 16t us know. or 1 you 10ed n elork or bo KKOApOr or sten 1and elosod, strietly confidential. 1€ you have rosms to rent sond your addre 1 w0 0 10t lve what we promias, yonr money will be refunded. Horo 1 offers to gy faction or refund monoy. What better 0ffer do you want than (hat? y buthave's sure thing @ us atria For furthor information call on or addross themantves or in good payin 1l froe. tonchors an count of 10 e Sedat ERURERE (RN} unt aphior Should you he 3 tako 1o chian Rathbun, Taubman & Co., Corn'r 16th and Capitol Avenue, Omahn, Nob To be Advanced Oct. 1 fo Par, $10 Second Semi-Aunual Dividend of 20 Cts, Per Share, Payable in October. Stock of the Georgia-Alabama Invastment & Development Co. cAPITAL , par value, STOCK, §41.500,000. Shares $10 eac) Gen, Eenj. T. Butler of Massachus:tts, Presideat. Hon. J. DIRECTORS., “Gen. BENI F. BUTLER of MasSachusetts. Hon. LoGAN 11, ROOTS of Arsans: 3. W.CASELDINE, Cashior ) Banik, Tallapoosa, ¢ Hon, JAS. W Gro. CSCOPIELD. LoSwrrn, Pres SANFORL, Pres. T ADVIZSORY BOARD. Hon. Jxo. 1. ¢ )N, ex-Governor of Georgla, 0 Rici 1 ashington, D, C. & Miners i 3 &M KR of NI T 8., ot Conn. Hon. Ront 0. 0TN. ¥ PG KOOTS vico pro . Atk 1k nk. Brooklyn. FLY. ROBERTSON. Pros. F. Nat. Bank.Ke of Ky Hon. C. . 8COVIELEof Now York City International Trust Co., Transfer Agents, 45 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. 30,000 Shares Only now offered to the Public Until Oct. Ist, y" no! Previously Taken, at 34.0“ ve the Oetober ( ATl stock purchased during the month of September will r idend of 2) cent per share, 1st, for tiic payment of the dividend. ants’ reas of U uylor, Full Faid and Subject to no Assessments, mes W. Hyatt, La‘e Troas, U, 8, Tr.a-urer, i, D. 0. Per Share Transfer hooks close al midnight THURSDAY, Octo- Only 30,000 shares offered and when sold the stock will he entirely withdrawn from sale, listed on the exchanges, and price advanced to par. The divectors of the Georzin-Alnbama Investment and Development Company heve decided to offer to the public the balance of the stock of the comp: unsold—30,000 shares—until Oct. 1, at $4.00 per share, On that date the tra ihe Octoher dividend and the stock listed on the several exchanges and price to par. ¢ 1y remaining sfer Looks of the company will be closed for the payment of dvanced Checks for the October dividend of 20 cents per shars will be mailed in Ce ober 1o all st -ckh 1 ers of record Oct. 18", vnd a'l stock purchasod in Sep:ember will rec ive the October d'vidend. As but 30,000 sbures remain unsold, and, when taken, tho eitire issue will have been disposed of, apnlications for st ck in Soptember will bo flled in the ¢ rder rec this amount w 1l be returnad to tae subscrib rs. No orders will bareceived at the present pric> of $4.00 per st 12 ¢’clock midn’ght Oct 1, and all orders for stock should bo mait ed until Oct. 1, and all subscr.ptions in excess of ro aftor d assojon us possible, and in no event lat r then soveral days prior to that dats to in ure do.ivery at present prico of §4.00 por share. ADDRESS ALL ORDUES FOR STOCK AND PROSPLCTUSES CHECHES, DRAFTS Ot DONEY ORDIRS PAYABLE 1ND 10 GEORGE W. PECK, Azent GEORGIA-ALABAMA INVEST- MENT AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, 1033 I Street, OFFICKES. Tally STON OFFICES, PROVIDENCE BALTIM O IS O NEW YORK OFFICKES, 11 Wall st ro PHILADELEHIA OFFICES, ¢ CHICAGD OFFICE, room 1 Bailiin, No. oun. Tlaralson C Washinzton st OFFIUE, room 1, Butler Exchang: 1 OFFICE, voonl &, Bank of Baltin tnut st FOREIGN OFFICES, unty, Foomis 8, SOUTHER ¥ and 10 ana iz, 1 Drexel Building Exchange Builiing 11 Vine st ST. 1 London, Eng Tokenhouse Bulld &9 Bighty-page Illustra‘ed Pro pectus of Talapoosa, Stoclk Prospoc CINCINNATL OFLICE LINCOLN, NEB. us of Compaivy a .d Flat of City, with Pr ce Lis: of Suilding Lots, Mineor 1 Maps of the Section, Eng’ any of the above-named offices of tho company. What Present Stockholders Say: TALLADPDOSA, 2, 1891, e undersign velopment Company, heing the properties of the Con, their valne and earning the city, horeby testify: First, That we find printed matier vezarding the City of Tailapoosa, building deyelopments under way, and property und p within the facts as now existing., Seeond, That we find the actual situati nt ather than overstated by the Company, in every particalar, a being fully verified by investig:tion o1 the & ound, and many port nee 1ot being mentioned either in their prospectus or printed. fact, we flnd the situation at Tallapoosa in every respect much more proutigin Detter than we had reason to expect from t ¢ statements made by the Company their various publications. Willlam 11 Grosne, Phelps Frank W Pago. Roch E 1 Soverhil, Newar L Rt Sanford o 1 Lancaster of Chl s Wrlght rgo I, 11 s 1 Ay K. Car Lebanor s 1 dbury A J Tamborn, phin 1D dones, Kist Providene ort G Notan, Buyonne ek nibai, #aitnore, Md. 5o Bisn e 1 9 A Pryor, Potarsbure, Vi e Morrtson, Jioston, Ma G b 58 fon, Plattmouth o 11 Marrison, Now York, N ¥ TURNER, General Western Agent, 167 Dearborn St, CHIC AGO, TLL. wy, and (he aceurcey of the statements made v ade by the Company the wan sfaeturing industvi pspre ench and every statement Hapsosa is mueh un 1 representat advantage Harrlshure, Pa Goorge ¥ MeFarland g, P Mre. Georen B Mo Earlnnd, Hlarei MM G Nortan, Stowartstown, Ia. Pennk Stone, Grafton, Mass, Lais W Kleln, Kookiik, | Frank 8 Allen, Now Vork W Spooner, 15 D W swet Eaward G ¢l ) 1 i Quiney Kiephien 1 =ulien, Diluth Ty s Bowen, Lk, 1 )18 AL, € B Minn. N1 . gl NI Nob FRED'K E. when it is supnorted oy the opinion of u o jority of the peoplu of the stateor nation who aro affected by it. 1 do uot kuow how many purties have arvison and disappeared daring my time, but certainly several. After a brief struggle these partics quistly d and join tho groat body of their fel us in onoof the two # orzanizati This will bo tho case with the membors of what is now called the peoplo's party. It 15 al- voady losing its strength in Kansas and the appurent strength which it had with t favmers is passiug away. Thoy buve al roady found thata new party is not the rom- | ody for their ills and better Grops and prices, | the wift of Providence alone, huve alreudy | cured their discontent Fiaxs G ———————— S QUICK TOOTH & 1EADACIE CACHETS e raTemL Vsos 1 Iy sle & 1 CARPENTER quid o kivo sedion, 1 L S PikATINE on thia disease o ALY & el end e hoir xpross and F;0. afdress, X, A. Slocuw, 1851 Pearl St No Xo EBEEUEEEBGEE 1-0:8 Reports, &, mailed free on application to stockholders of (he Georsin: Alabama Investment and De- 2 the ity of Tallapoosa for the purpose of investigating arding e opacity, and the location, advantages and development of in thelr 5 s of the Company muc tated, of grent im- other printed matiers in ¢ and far in e ARE YOU BUILDING? We Tnvite Comparison of Quality and Prioas of Modern Hardware. Jas. Morton Son % G0, ne s loe Str l..ll...-..--.-.--... DIAMOND BRAND Pibhe a1 raliable PLI for aa 'led awi Gold CHICHESTER'S ENGLICH, RED CROSS ENNYROVAL # ¥HE ORIBINAL AND CENUINE. The unly Bafe, Kure, T