Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 21, 1889, Page 11

THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: SUNDAY, JULY 21, A DITCIL IN THE DESERT, The Great Suez Oanal and Its Im- mense Profite. CUT THROUGH BURNING SANDS. Difficnities Surmonnted by De Les- seps In Providing the World With This Wonder- ful Waterway. The Suez Canal 1Copyrighted 1889 by Frank ‘arpenter.) TsMAILIA, Bgypt, June 26.—[Special to Tie Bre.|--The abandonment of the Panama canal and the discussion of matters relating o M. De Lesseps has brought me from Cairo 1o Ismailig, 1 write herein the vory center of the Syffz canal, where the grand opening oeremog 48 of 1860 were held, and whero this man wi s has temporarily failed had the crowr fig success of his life. o has o mag- nificent home bere,to which he comes during some of his winters. It is surrounded by or- ange groves and palm trees, and tho pure breezes of the desert are mixed with the windshghich blow down from the Mediter- ranean tarough tho canel which he built. It is fifty-cight years since he first come to Bgypt, in the French consular sorvice, aud it is more than a generation ngo since he pur- suaded the viceroy of the country that the work could be done, When he begun it the Enelish laughed at him, and scientists all over the world predictad his failure. John Bull snook lus tail and said, with a sneer, that France and Egypt were burying their moncy in the sands of the desort, and it was not until the waters of the Mediterranean were mixed with those of the Red sea, that they would admit that the thing could be done. Now more than TWO-TIINDS OF THE SHIPS, which pass through the canal belong to Great Britain, and the Eoglish, in order to protect their interests in India, have had to put some $17,000,000 1nto canal shares. It is not a bad investment, for in 1855 the net profits of this canal were more than $6,000,000, and after ull expenses were paid the sharehold- ors received a dividend of 17 per cent. The canal increases in importanco year after year and that to such an extent, that it may be necessary to builda second olong side of tho first and this plan is much discussed. How much is saved by it cau only be under- stood by considering the steamship routes of the vust. Before it was opened, ships in going to China and India had to go by way of the Cape of Good Hope and it was then more than twelve thousand miles from London to Bombay, The voyage was one of months instead of weeks, and it necessitated the repeated coaling of steumers. At pres- ent the distance by the Suez canal is only 7,000 miles and the saving In distance from London to Hong Kong is about four thousand miles or & thousand miles longer than tho distance between Liverpool and New York. In 1886, more than three thousand vessels passed through the canal, and estimating that cach of these vessels to India, Aus- tralia or China, made a saving of at least five thousand miles, it will be scen that tho aggregate saving in one year was MORE THAN FI¥ MILLION MILES, equal to a distance of 600 times around the world, I have not the statistics of the num- ber of passengors carried in 1886, but ten years beforo that, when the ships which passed through the canal were less than halt the number that now go through, the pas- sengers carried numbered more than eighty- three thousand. Undoubtedly more than one hundred and fifty thousand passengers are taken through this canal every yoar and the charges are §2 on cach passenger. It makes hieavy charges upon the vessels which pass through, estimating thew according to their tonnage, and the receipts of the canal make it one of the best paying institutions of the world. And still this canal is only 100 miles long, ivis only one-twelfth the length of the Red 8ea, into which it conducts the waters of the Meditorranean, and these two bodies of water are nearly the same level. Tliey now flow into one another without locks and tho canal is well described as aditch i the desert. This aitch is about three hundred feot wide au tue top and 150 feer wide at the bottom, and the water within it is as auiet as a mill pond. It is of beautiful sea green and the contrast of this color with the bare yellow sands which line the bunks of the canal, .makes it wonderfully beautiful. The canal is 80 narrow that ships can pass only at certain points and the munagement govern thesc passages just as the train dis- patchers regulate the passage of trains upon our trunk lines. There are, from time to ume, through the canal, wider spaces, where the ships must turn in, while others, which have the right of way, may pass thew, and ot a distance TUESE SIIPS SEEMS TO BE WALKING, us it were, in single file through the desert. Thoy are not allowed to go over five wiles an hour and this is largely due to the denth of the canal. Ita average depth is sbout twenty-four feot and many of the ships which pass through are more than twenty feet deep in the water. There is so little water under the bottows thav there can bo no grent speed . The banks of this canal are of dry and thirsty sand. In some places they are kopt back by puvements of stonc and in others by anet work of twigs like the jetties of the Mississippi. It cost nearly one hundred million doilars to build the canal, and some places tho channel had to be cut throngh solid rocks. In others there was Jittle dredging needed. The waters of tho Mediterrancan flowed nto long, natural lakes and these required but little excavation to make them deep enough for the transit of tho ships, One of the great problems in making the canal was fresh water for the workmen. The work was begun in 1858, and the ruler of Egypt provided TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND LABORERS, These were relieved every three montus, but it wus necessary to feed them, It took four thousand water casks, which were car- ried on the backs of camels, to supply thom with drinking water, and this was kept up for five years. At the end of that time a fresh water canal was arranged 0 that water was carried from the Nile to ismailia, and there is now a pipe which runs the whole length of the canal and which carries fresh waler from one eud of it to the owher. The work of pre- paring barbors at Port Said and Suez was vory expensive, and I took a look at the piers at Port Said,'which are intended to ward off the accumulations of and which form the navigable entranc the canal. These piers are made of artificial stone, composed of desert sand and cement, The machinery to muke them was brought here from France, and the stones were made 1o throw into the sea. Each stone weighed twenty tons, and it took 25,000 of these mas- sive rocks o form the bases of these piers. O the top of this foundation the piers were bullt, and this artificial stone will, I am toid, last as long as the natural article. Immense dredges are now employed throughout the canal. These pump up the sand, which blows in from toe desert, and throw it out beyond the banks. There are stations or guard Louses at intervals along the course, and @ few small towns have own up here and there. At one of these dirty Arab brougnt u leg of raw mutton while' the boat was stopping during s trip Which I made through the canal few days He offered to sell it to the passengers, but fonna no buyer. Outside of these towns aud the guard houses you see few signs of Jife. Here a caravan trots aicag over the desert, the long, uuxllnly camels with their viders bobing up and down sgainst the clear #ky of the horizon. There a flock of long- necked cranes spriog from the water iuto the air und now, away across the hot sands &t the side ot ¢ hip, co! into view a new ship and new waters which loom up out of the sands and which look as real as the green water thraugh whicn we are moving. This is THE WONDRRPUL MIFAGE of the Libyan desert, which so often de- ceives thirsty travelers when passing it on camels. It fades as you approach it, me a very castle of the air. pening of the Suez canal§ took place in 1866, and the ceremonies cost Ismali Pasha, the fathor of the present khekive, more 'than $20,600,000, Among tho other notables who were prosent was the Empress Eugenia. and a grand palace was fitted out for her entertainment in Cairo. My drago- man told me that he had seen Eugénia dur- ing hor trip to Igypt and that sho haa climbed the pyramids, had taken the fatigu- ing trip to the interior of the greatest of thom, and had ridden on a camel to tho phinx, During my visit to the pyramids, one of tho first questions that my Arab guides put to me was whother 1 kuew Mark Twain, and Ifind that Mark Twain is better known abroad than any other American, Isee his books sold in pirated editions on every book Ho is quoted by tho English. the and the Germans, and such bazaa® ants a8 he 1ned in ““The Inno- cents” abroad ha fortunos out of the advertisement. The Beduins ab the pyra- mid offered to run up one and dowi the or for me in ten minutes for “Markee Twain book." Consul General Cardwell tells me that much of the “English tobaceo sold in Egypt is made in the United States. It is sent to England and from thence stipped here, A year or 80 ago Egypt mado over six miilion pounds of tobacco a year, She now makes none and the reason for this that the khe. dive has imposed a tux of $157 an acre on all lands raising tobacco. This is done that the tobacco used will have to be imported and it will pay a big import duty. The tians wro great smokers, You sce Turks in the aars witht long hookahs or water pipes n and you seldom meet a man or & boy without a cigarctte in his mouth. The women smoke as well as the men and puffing ut eigarettes makes up a large vart of the occupation of THE RICH LADIES OF TH WARESNS. I am told there are some women in Cairo who smoke regularly 100 cigarettes a day and 1 bave seon women walking on tho streets puffing at cigarcttes. Ncither tho khedive nor his wife smoke, but it is the cus tom in Egypt to offer & cigarette of a pipe to all visitors, The tobacco used here is very light, and first-class cigarettes cost about 70 cents u thousand. The tobacco trade is in the hands of the Greeks, who nave cigar stores all over Cairo. There is no reason why America should not send tobacco di- rectly to Bgypt. Mr, Cardwi ys thai the freight rates would not be over § a ton and ne thinks thata tobacco something like the best of our Durham would suit tho trade. Speaking of American exports, Kgypt is not w very good customer of the United States. The bulk of the peoplo are very poor ana the cottons in which they dress come_chiefly from England. All over the east the RRussian coal oil has been crowding out our American products, and this is so in China and Japan as well as in Egypt. Our oil, however, is better than the Russian oil, aud I am told that there is o considerable in: crease in the export within tho past two or three years. In 1587 America sent 4,000,000 of gallons o Exgypt, und there was an Ameri- can here some time azo who claimed that there was a large ofi fleld on the shores of the Red sea, He bored a number of wells, and gave out reports that the indications worc good, and that there were undoubtedly vast fields of good petroloum in Egypt. These reports have since turned out to bo faise. 'I'hie output of oil will not pay for tho working of the wells, and the matter is, Tam toid. practically dropped. There is no doubt but that America could have some trade with Egypt if we had a greater amount of SIIPPING OF OUR OWS. As it is, such things 0s come ber to Bingland, and aro thence reshipp lish products. This is tho case with lurd, bacon, meats and_canned goods. We buy something from Egypt ouraelves and we tako every year nearly 30,000 worth of onions fron the valley of the Nile. Exyptian cotton, which is now one of the great products of the country. gob its start during our late civil war. The prico rose as high as 44 cents a pound and milhons of dollurs worth of Egyptian cotton wus raised and shipped to England. At present the product of cotton # about five hundred thousund bales per anuum, which is httie in comparison with the grealcrop of America. Tn_coming from India to Suex, I met an English gentleman who said he supposed I would find nothing good to cat in Cairo. He looked upon the Egyptians as heathens and lud no idea that there were good hotels, good markets, and all of the modern con- veniences ot Cairo. I lhuve made inquiries s to the coat of food in_ this capital of gyptand I find thut good turkeys, which will rank in size and weight with tho best of our Thanksgiving birds, are worth from one doilur to two and one-half dollars each; good, fat geese bring from two to four dol: lars per puir and chickens sell from forty cents to one dollar, Choice cuts of beef and mutton bring forty cents a pound and the palate of the forcign resident at Cairo is tickled with splendid oranges at a cent apicce. All kinds of vegetables are cheap and nood, and eggs bring from eight to twenty cents » dozen, The Egyptian chickens arc smaller than the Amorican varicty and the eggs are ouly about half as large as those laid by the specklod hens on Uncle Sam’s farm, The Egyptians are, however, far in advance of us in the SOIENCE OF RAISING CRICKENS, and the incubating establishments of the country hatch out eges by tho million every year. At a hatching establishment near the pyramids the farmers trade fresh eggs for young chicks and tho rate s two cgis per chick. Another artificial egg hatchery turns out 500,000 little chickens every season, and the oven crop of chickens amounts, accord- ing to figures furnisbed me by tne consul general, to more than twenty millions of chickens a year. We have about two hun- dred million dollars worth of morey invested in the fowl industry in the United States, an amount 8o largo ‘that all the monoy of Jay Gould could not equal it, and still we have to _import 'more than sixteon mnllion dozens of egks overy yoar. If America would adopt the Egyptian hatching system we could sell eggs instead of buying them, and our farmers might buy littlo chickens to ruise ata price of 30 cents o dozen. More than twenty mil- lions of littlo chickens are sold each yoar in this way in Egyot, ana thero is o regular business in chickens just about old enough to walk. ‘I'he incubatorics are rude, ono-atory build- ings, made of undried bricks, so arranged that' the oggs are lmd upon cut straw In racks in rooms, around the ovens, which are kept fired on during the hatching season. Tho outside walls are very thick, and are built 80 that they retain the heat, and THE ONLY TUERMOMETER USED 18 tho biood of the boy or man who attends t> the fires. By long practice these men leas just how hot the ovens ought to be kept, and they replenish the fires as the weather demunds, A small amount of fuel is nesded, and tho tomperature of the ~ ovens is about that of ninety-eight degrees above zero. The fire is built up for eight or ten days before the eggs are put in, to thoroughly warm the hut and after this time it does not go out during the season, which is from March until May. The eges are turned four times a day while hatch- ing, The whole outfit of an establishment which hatches over two humdred tnousand chickens a year, does not, I am told, cost more than twenty-five dollars, and one man runs the whole machine, keeping the fires, buying and turning the eggs, and selling the chickens. There are in this incubatory twelve compartments, each 70 feet long, 60 feot wide and 16 feet high, and each of these compartments will hold 7,500 eggs at a time, or 0,000 eggs in pll. It produced last year more than 230,000 chickens, and did the work of wore than 20,000 hens. FRANK G, CARPENTER, g0 first as Eog- il LD Is Lt Wrong Montgomery M. Folaom. 1s it wrong! To love you and to louk For your dear presence every hour With all the concentrated poiver And strength of mind and heart and soul, When even the dream-bells toll and toll The echoes of your sacred name. If it be wroug I'll bear the blame Of all these wild desires that throug My heart, if it be wrong. Is it wrong? To drift in listlessuess aloug The tide of Life, and dream of lauds Beyond the stars, where these weak hands Shall clasp thine own in warm embrace; Aud gazing in thy radiant face I shall read more than boasts the lore Of all the ages gone before; And weave your belug Iu the song That fills my heaven--Ab, is it wrong! AN IRON MOUNTAIN CLIMBER, The Monster Locomotive Just Bullt For the Northern Pacific, VALUE OF EARTHEN DAMS. An Engineer's Reply to Recent Ade verse Criticisms — Tho World's Steam Machinery—Seeing Under Water, This Beata the Alpinestock. The ten-thousandth locomotive built at the Baldwin Locomotive works was shipped from that establishment last week to the Northern Pacific railroad for service on the mountain division of that road. The engine is remarkable, not only in bearing so high a consecu- tive number amoug engines turned out from a single establishment, but in marking a distinctive advance in the progress of locomotive construction, which, among other causes, has made tho cost of rail transportation in the United States less than in any other country in the world, says the Phila- delphia Ledger. It has a weight one- fourth greater than the largest freight locomotive of the Pennsylvania rail- road, and can haul, it issaid, on a grade 116 feet per mile, combined with reverse curves of ten degrees, a train weighing 535 tone, of 2,430 pounds, of cars and load, of twenty londed cars, On easier ades, of suy 52.8 feet per mile, or 1 foot per 100, its power is estimated at 1,000 tons, exclusive of its own weight. its principal dimensions are as follows: Gauge, 4 feet 81 inches; actual weight, in working order, = exclusive tender, 150,000 pound weight on driving wheels, pounds; estimated weight of tender, in- cluding conl and water, 75,000 pounds; imated weight of locomotive and ten- r,in working orde| 000 pounds nder 28 inches; driving wheels, four pairs coupled, 50 inches; total wheel base, 22 feet 8 inches; driving- wheel buse, 14 feet; total wheel-base of engine and tender, 49 feet; boiler of steol, five-sighths of an inch thick, 72 inches diameter; height of center line 08 boiler nbove rails, 7 feet 8 inches; fire-box, 10 feet 1inch long by 428 inches wide inside; tubes, 271 in number 2} inches in diameter, 13 teet 6 inche: long; heating surface, fire-box, square feot; heating surface of tubes, 2,121 square feet; total hea surf; square feet; tank ity wllous. The Baldwin Locomotive wor were established in 1833, and twenty- eight years. or until 1861, were re- quired for the completion of the first 1,000 locomotiv The necessities of the war and ofsthe period of railway ac- tivity which followed, it greatly in- creased the demand for locomotives, and butnine years were required for the second thousand. The third thou- il s completed in 1872, the fourth 876, during the ceutennial, and the fifth in 1850. Five thousand more wera constructed during the nine years since, the production for 1888 having been 787 locomotives. The World's Steam Machinery. According to a récent publication of tho statistical bureau at Berlin four- fifths of the steam machinery in the world has been constructed within the last twenty-five years. France has 49.- 500 boilers, 7,000 “locomotives, and 1,700k ship boilers; Austro-Hungary, 12.000 hoilers and 2,400 locomotiv In the United States the steam machinery, ex- clusive of locomotives, has 7,500,000 horse power; in England, 7,000,000; in Germuny, 4.500,000; in France, 3,000,000 in Austro-Hungary, 1,500,000. There are some 105,000 locomotives, with 8,000,000 horse power, in the world, All the steam machinery in the worl possesses 46,000,000 horse_power. The one-horse power of a muchine operated b?r steam is equivalent to the strength of three nrd‘i\mry horse: and the strength of an ordinary horse is equ alent to the combined strength of seven men. KFrom all this the statistical bu- reau at Berlin draws the conclusion that the steam machinery of the world does the work of 1,000,000,000, or twice the working population of the globe. Earthen Dam The unprofessional critics of engi- neering work, who enlizhten tho gen- eral public through the daily news- papers, are sometimes led into evror hy their imaginations. Numerous in- stances of this have occurred in the discussions on the breach of the Cone- maugh dam, with the result, we fear, of exciting the fears of many good people who believe what they read in their paper, however contrary to reason and experience it may be, says a writer in the Engincering and Building Record, Onc of these instances is worthy of notice. Owing to what we prefe think must have been an error in the transmission of a telegraphic dispatch from a civil engineer at Johnstown, goveral editors gushed forth in columns of print, and some of the clergy poured out their souls in_sermons, denouncing the depravity of the man who would build an earthen dam to hold back water, This would be amusing wero it not unjust, and likely to cause needless alarm in many places. 1t is recognized as a well-established priuciple by hydraulic engineers that, or absolute safety and durability, an embunkment of good earth, homo- geneous throughout and properly con- structed, forms the best dam that can be used to impound a large volume of water. The ideal dam may be said to bea mass of gravelly earth of sufficient weight to resist the thrust of water; so compact ns to provent the percolation of water; 80 protected on its exposed faces as to prevent its being penetrated by eels and musk rats, and such ver- min; so interlocked with the surface on which it rests that water cannot pass through the connection; with a facing of such material and slope that rains will not gully nor waves wash the bank away, and build high enough above the water level so that its top cunnot be overflowed, Variations from this type of dam are permissible in the interest of economy of construction, Where material of the proper consistency aud adaptability is difficult to obtain, the area of the perfectly impervious and homogeneous mass may be reduced and material less carefully selected aud placed added, merely for mass and weight and pro- tection, The central core is then styled a puddle wall, Orthe core may be made of masonry of any thickness. The cheapest and poorest type of this kind of word is & stone wall two to three [cet thick, with an embankment ou each side of it. Such a wall adds nothing to the stability of the dam, but is rather a detriment. Its function is merely to arrest percolation of water and prevent penetration of vermin, Few examples of this type of dam are to be found outside of the New Eugland states, we believe. It is not the type recommended or adopted by the best of the American civil engineers of the past half century. The homogeneous eurthen dam is the most approved type, except for cases where special tréaydont may be re- quired on account bf,l9cal conditions, Sceing Under Water, A lens for seeing when under water is described by ilé 'discoveror ns pro- ducing an effect which is both astonish- ing and delighttul, It gives distinet vision of objects {wenty or thirty feet off, the eye's loss of extended sight when upder water being because an gn- y different focus is required. The spectacles which provide this can be made by putting two watch-glasses of three-quarters of fn inch diameter and an inch radius back to back or with the concavities outward. Artificial Sk, Mr. Chardonnet succeeded in preparing a new Al silk— silk which bears the me relation to the natural article as celluloid does to ivory, says the American Analyst: [ts pre- paration is somew as tollows: Ce lose (cotton or whatevor may be avi able), after being troated with a mi ture of nitric and sulphuric acids in equal proportion, us for the making of gun cotton, is dissolved in a_mixture of alcohol and ether, to which is added some perchloride of iron or protochlor- ide of tin and tannic acid. The solution thus obtained is placed in a vertizal ves- sel terminating 1n a small tube orin a diaphragm pierced with fine holes, so that it can run out into a vessel full “of water sligitly acidulated with nite acid, The fine fuid filament which comes out takes on immediately a more or less solid consistency, and forms o thread, which can be wound on a spool. The thread thus obtained resembles a and is equally strong 1tis not attacked by water, rm, nor by the acids and al- ately concentrated, By in- troducing into the solution coloving mi terials, one may obtain threads of any is smd to be ex- treme inflammable—an objection which it is hoped to overcome, It is probable that the nitric acid can bo re- placed by some other wh'ch will render 1t less combustible. When this prog- ress has been realized, we shall have a new textile fabric of the greatast import- ance. A Perilous Invention. A Sw chemist has invented a new fulminating mixture that ean be cal vied about with perfect safety, but will explode with a deafening report if brought in contact with a drop of ether or alcohol. Georgia mountain evange- lists had bet! not carry samples in their coat pockets. s Pelix L. Oswald in Deake’s Mag A Doubtful Antidote. Another Polish hydrophobia patient, whom the managers of the Pasteur hos pital had dismissed as cured, has suc- cumbed to a subsequent development of his incalculable disense. He had been thoroughly injected by expert pra titioners of the antidote plan, but they oxplain their failure on the theory that their patient wus addicted to the'use of ruinous mulauts . (opium, besides brandy and tobacco), and collapsed under an accumulation of miscelluneous poisons. Heave ittery. The immemorial belief in thunder- bolts is probably founded on the cumstance that falling meteors oceas jonally explode with a thunder-like d tonation. Three weeks ago a littie Ighland village, eight miles west of Janina, in the squthern Balkans, was startled by the descent of a shower of meteoric irosestones, accompanicd by an explosior Zat echoed through the mountains « Actly like a peal of rolling thunder, The department of the Bouches du Rhone has hitherto becn the chief land- ing place for swallows coming from Africa. Of late engines for killing them, formed of wires connected with pawerful electric batterics, have been placed by the hundred along the coast. When fatigued by their long sea flight the birds perch on the wires and are struck dead. The bodies are then pre pared for the milliner and sent to Pa in erates containing thousands, It been mnoticed this spring_ that these birds have avoided this district and gono in lavge numbers further east to other parts of Europe, Jumbo Lclipied. The Madras museum has recently re- ceived the skeleton of the largest ele- phant ever killed in [ndia, It was the source of great terror to the people of South Arcot. by whom it was killed and buried, The museum authoritics di patched a taxidermist to the spot to ox- hume the bones and prepare them for exhibition. oleton is exactly ten inches higher thar the highest speci- hitherto measured in the flesh by anderson. Jananese Clocks, The Dublin seience and art depa ment have_ recently purchased several Japanese clocks, which differ in many respeets, but all record time without the usual hand rotating about an axis. The scule of time is arranged as oun o ther- mometer, and a pointer attached to a weight projects from a slit in the scale, and, traveling down it, thus points out the time. We understand that such clocks were seen in Japan thirty years ago, but that they are gow gencrally superseded by clocks of Buropean pat- tern, Now Steel Frocess, The Redeman-Tilford steel process 1s understood to consist of a bath of glyco- rine and otk ingredients, which changes the whole structure of the metal and increases its ductile and ten- sile strength far beyondany record that has previously been established by pri- vato or government tests. When it is stated that the finest and strongest grade of steel, much better than any now in use, can be made by this process atalittle more than the cost of crude, Bessemer steel, the value of the discov- ery may be apprecated. Electroplating Glass and, Porcelain, This has been accomplished by M. Hanson, of France. The chief difficulty Jheretofore has been toobtain a conducts ing surface to which- the metal would adhere. The patentee uses chloride of gold or platinum dissolved in sulphuric ether, to which sulphur dissolved in some heavy oil is'added. When warm this compound is"1aid on with a brush, The object is then heated until the sul- phur and chlorine is completely vola- tized, the gold or platinum adhering closely to the surface. The Eiffel Tower Elevators, Previous to handing over the eleva- tors the contractor mude a final test of the bruke power by cutting the ropes when to car was raised to a considerable height and loaded with lead s0 as to weigh altogether 14,000 kilogs. The enormous machine began to fall and every one was startled, but presently it began 1o move more slowly, then stuck on the brake and stopped. Not a pane of glass was even cracked, and the car stopped ten yards from the ground. Scientific Notes. A test has been made 1n France to see whether the color of & horse had any- 1889~-SIXTEEN thing to do with his characteristics. It has been demonstrated that any such iden is all nonsense. Pedigree and early training have all to do with it, and color nothing whatever, Paper tough as wood is said now to be mada by mixing chloride of zine with the pulp in the process of manufacture. _The new metal discovered in commer- cial njl'kvl and cobalt has been named gnomium, The Paris exposition has a big elec- trie fountain. [t is composed of thirty- three vertical jets and fourteen para- bolic jets, comprising nearly three hun- dred spouts. Jxperiments in welding wire rope by the electrical process show that the strongth of the finished welding is within 18 per cont of the normal strength of the cable. A favorite mixture now used in sharp- ening tools 1s glycorine mixed with spirits. The proportion of spirits de- pends upon the character of the tool, fine odges needing n great deal and course ones very littlo, According to Prof, Thurston the en- gine of the future is that which ulti- ¢ can be made to work up at once to high temperature and to high press- ures, and can be made at the same time to develop its powers in the smaliest and tightest engine. It is_proposed to build a “submarine bridge” botween Elsinore and Helsin borg. The bridgo will be incased in o double tube, having the outer skin iron and the iuner one steel, the space be- tween the shells being filled with con- The bridge will admit of being d sufil 1y to allow ships to puss over it There is some some probability,” says a London paper, *“‘of our having in diarabber vrondways in the wmetropo- lis. Two German engineers have come over to consult with theauthoriticson the subject, and should the county coun- cil be agreenble, there is no reason wh London horses should not soou enjoy the luxury of a soft and firm foothold, especinlly if they ave shod with the shoe that is iutersticed with india rub- ber.” An English inventor endeavors to in- s the efiiciency of the heating sur- face in steam boilers By placing within the tubes a number (cight or more) of ribs running nearly from end to end. These . ribs project into the spuce through which the gas flows and offer a large surface for the absorption of heat. In addition to this, they penetrate into the hot center of the gaseous column. Trials with and without the ribbed tubes show an average gain in evapor tion of 20 per cent in favor of the ribbed tubes. el Frequently accidents oceur in chold which cause burns, ns and bruises; for use in such H. McLean’s Voleanic Oil fe for many years becn the nt favorite family remedy. ESTABLISHED 1868, HOSIWIS T ¥ | Side Spring Attachment; no Horse Mot fon. MANUFACTURER. First Class Carriages on hand; also built to order. Repairs Promptly Executed. 1403-1411 Godge St., Omaha, Neb " COMPAGNTE GENERAL ETRANSATLARTIDUE Paris- Universal Exposition FRENCH MAIL LINE, Yhich are noted for their tking the trip ito ual to rail- Parls in ono This 18 als: count of the heavy travel during t montus. MeCA 2 BROS., 105 South 15th St., HARRY E. MOOR Fa, nam St., H. L. HALL, 1228 Farnam St., J. H. GREEN, 1501 Farnam St., Agents, Omaha, Neb. INSKI, MAURICE W. KC Dr. J. E. McGREW W TIIE MOST SUCCESSFOL {7 SPECIALISTS =t In the Treatment of All Chronic, Nervous and Private Discase wtorei oy and Ko fyirat "R it L and kst Dishis Ehiala bisgisos, 6od aua Skin s {nd yontlomen's waiing rooms sopurste vie, . Send for books,The Fecret and voman & Her Diseoa T'featment by corresponden OFFICE: 16TH_AND DOUGLAS STREET! OMAHA, NEB, ol Health is Wealth! DR, E. €, WEST'S NERVE AN 3 MENT, & guarantesd specific fov Hysteria, Dizz ness, ' Convuisions, Fits vous Nedralgla, Headache, Nervous Prostr ed by the use of alcohol or tobacco, W 3, Mental Depression, Bofteniug of the Iting in {nsanity and leading to mise and death Premature 010 Age. Barrenuess, Loss of Power {n either sex, [uvoluntary Loxses And Spermat- orrhic a4 by over-exertion of the brain,seif. obuse or overindulgence. Each box contains ane mouth's treatwent, 81.00 & box, or six Loxes for #5. 00, sent by mail prepaid on receiptof price WE GUARANTEE SIX BOXES To cure any case. With each order recelved b, us for nix boxes, accompatied with 85,00, we wi send the purchuser our written guurar fund the money if the trestwent does not effec & cure. Guarantees issued only by Goodinan Drug Co., Druggists, Sole Agents, 1110 Farnam strost, Oiab, Keb. PAGES. OMAHA Medical and Surgical Institute, N. W. Cor. 13th and Dodge Sts, Omaha, Neb. THE LARCEST MEDICAL INSTITUTE IN THE WEST FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALL . Chronic and Surgical Diseases and Diseases of the Eye and Ear, S, DISEASES OF WOMEN, DISEASES £ URINARY AND SEXUAL ORGANS, PRIVATE DISEASES, DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, LUNG AND THROAT DISEASES, SURGICAL OPERATIONS, EPILEPSY OR FITS, PILES, CANCERS, TUMORS, Etc. J. W. McMENAMY, M. D., President, And Consulting Physician and Surgeon. Organized with a full staf of Skilled Physicians, Surgeons and Trained Nurses, This establishment is a permanent medical institution, conducted by fllorou&l‘lly pducated physicians and surgeons of acknowledged skill and experience. he Institute bu(‘llngs, situated on the northwest corner of Thirteenth and Dodge stroets, is composed of two large three-story brick lyuidm% of over ninety rooms, containingou pMedicn'l, Surgical and Consultation Rooms, Drug 8tore, Laboratory, Offices, Mnm\{nctory of Surgical Appliances and braces, and the Boarding Depar ment for Pationts, 1n chargo of compotent pewsons, ednstiluting the lafges and the most thnruughlyoquips\od Medical and Surgical Establishment in the West, one of the three largest in the United States, and second to none. We Lave superior advantages and faci es for treating diseases, performing surgical operations, boarding and nursing patients, which combined with our acknowledged ability, experience, responsibility and reputation, should make the Omaha Medical and Surgical Institute the first choice. You can come direct to the Institute, day or night, as we have hotel accommo- dations as good and as cheap as an? in the city, We make this explanation for the benefit of persons who may feel inclined to o further east for medieal or surgical treatment and do not appreciate the fact hat Omaha possesses the largest and most complete Medical and Surgical Insti- tute west of New York, with a capital of over $100,000. DEFORMITIES OF THE HUMAN BODY. APPLIANCES FOR DEFORMI- TIES AND TRUSSES. Best Facilities, Apparatus and Remedies for Successful Treatment of every form of Diseaso requiring MEDICAL or SURGICAL TRIEAT] 'L\ In this department we are especially successtui. Our elaims of superiority over all others are based upon the fact that this is the only medical establishment man« ufacturing surgical braces and appliances for individual case. We have three skilled instrument makers in our employ, with improved machinery, and have all the latest inventions, as well as our own patents and improvements, the result of twenty years’ experience. BELECOTRICAL:. TREATMENT. The treatment of diseases by electricity has undergone great changes within the past few years, and electricity {s now acknowledged by all schools of medicine as the great remedy in all chronice, special and nerve diseases, for nervous debility, par- alysis, rheumatism, diseases of women, etc., and in many eye and ear diseases it i8'the most valuable of all remedies. In order to obtain its full virtues, it is absolutely necessary to have the proper apparatus. We have lately purchased three of the largest and most complete hatteries manufactured, so constructed as to give the most gentle as well as the most powerful current. Persons treated at this Institute by electricity recognize at once the difference between our expensive and complete” electrical” apparatus and the common, cheap batteries, in use by many physicians. Over 8,000 dollars invested in electrical apparatus, PRIVATE, SPECIAL, NERVOUS AND BLOOD DISEASES. ‘We claim to be the only reliable, responsible establishment in the west making a specialty of this class of diseases. Dr. McMenamy was one of the first thorough- ly educated physicians to make a special study of this class of diseases, and his methods and inventions have been adopted by specialists in Europe and America. He is the inventor of the Clamp Compress Suspensory, ncknowlfl)ued the best in use. All others are copied after his invention. By means of a simple operation, painless and safe, recently brought into use, we cure many cases that have been i h'lun \u)x as incurable by medical treatment. (Zlead our book to men, sent free to any address. . DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR. We have had wonderful success in this department in the ast year, and have made many improvements in our facili- j ties for treatment, operations, artificial eyes, ete. We have greatly improved our facilifies and methods of tre: i”fi cases by correspondence, and are having better in this department than ever before. We are fully up to the times in all the latest inventions in medical and surgical operations, appliances and instruments. Our institution is open for investiga tion to any porsons, patients or physicians. We invite all to correspond with or visit us before taking treatment elsewhere, believing that a visit or consu will convince any intelligent person that it is to their advantage to place them- gelves under our car Since this adver come and gone and many more will only by their unfortunate and foolish victima, A wise man investigates first and decides afterwards, A fool decides first, then investigates.” The Omaha Medical and Surgical Institute is indovsed by the people and the press, More capital invested, more skilled physicians employed, more modern appliances, instrus ments and apparatus in use, more cases treated and cured, more successful surgical operations performed, than in all other medical establishments inthe West combined. 144 PAGE BOOK (Illustrated) SENT FREE TO ANY ADDRESS (ssaLen). COLTTEITTS: [art Piret—History, Bucoces and Advan of the Omaha Medical and Surgical Institate, art Second-CUILONIC DIREABES of the Stomuch, Liver, Kidueye, Skin, Plles, Cancer, s b, Epllepsy, Rheumatism, Inhalation, Tape Worm, Electricity, Now Heimodios, ete, Part Third--Devouuimiss, Curvature of the Bpine, Clup Feet, Hip Discascs, Parulybie, Wry Nock, How Legs, Hure Lip, Suriloal Operations, Part Fourth -DISkASES OF THE EYE AND EAL, Disousos of the Nerves, Cataraot, 8t Croas Eyes, Pteryglum, Granulatod Eyo Lids. Tuverion of the Lids. Artificlal s, Part Fifth-DisEAsks o WOMEN, Leucorrhaea, Ulceration, l)llvlnu«uwu 8, Prolupsui ions and Versions, Tumors, Lacerations snd Cancer of the Womb. Part th—-DIsEASES OF MEN, Private, Bpeclal and Nervous Discuses, Nljn-rmnlurrln Weukness), Impotency, Varicocele, Btricture, Gleet, Byphills, and all discases of ¢ Urinary Organs. DISEASES OF WOME YOI WOMEN DURING CONFINEMENT, (Btrictly Priviate), Only Reliable Medical Institute Making & Specialty of PRIVATE DISEASES, All Blood Diseases successfully treated. Syphilitic Polson removed from t poroury, ‘Now I reatment for Loss of Vital Fower. Patlents un, ) Visit us niny be treated at deuce. Al communications Medicines or lnstri- ments sent by rely packed, no warks to Lo ents or 1. Oue Ser sonal Interviow preforre d consult us or sond history of your caso, snd we will rend i olait wrapper, our BOOK 10 MEN, FREE: Upou Private, Special or Nervous Disensos ncy, Syphils, Gleot und Varicocele, ‘with question list. Address, OMAHA MEDICAL & SURGICAL INSTITUTE, and Dodes Straste. Guaba Mok ment first arpmrcd, many boasting pretenders and frauds have come ard go, remeinbere A BreciAlry. ADDED A Wr HAVE LATELY LYINGIN DEPARTMENT system without