Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, April 21, 1889, Page 10

How They Live in Japan, Korea Silam and China. MMERICANS WHO ADVISE KINGS Brother Jonathan's Shrewdness in Demand By Mongolian Royaity —Judge Denny and Mr. Dennison. Amerjoans in Asi (Copyrighted 1889 by Frank @. Carpenter.] BANGKOK, Siam, reb. 50.—|Special Cor- respondence of Tur Ber.|—Hon, Jacob T. . 'Chilas, our minister to the court of Siam, was in the United States at the time of the Presidential election. Upon the announce- ment of the result he at once sent in his wosignation to Secretary Bayard, to take @ffect March noxt, and he has just returned o Bangkok to complete a work which he-is preparing on Sian and the Siamese. Hehas been gathering notes for this book during his four years' stay here, and he writes at it aily, clicking out his pooticopimons of these strange people upon an Ameriean type- wrriter. He tells mo he has enjoyed his stay 0 Siam, but that he is glad to go home and that he will again take his chuir as editor of the Richmond (Mo.) Conservator with pleas- wre. The mission to Slam is worth 5,000 gold dollars a year, and Bangkok is one of the few places in the world where Uncle Bam owns his own house. 'The lega- tion building 18 a big, rambling, two-story structure with wide verandas running around both stories and with groat porches Jooking out upon the waters of the busy Menan river and its thousands of floating houses, A garden of tropical plants and reat trees surrounds the house, sloping SDWn to the banks of the river in front Whese trees are filled with birds, which keep up a continuous singing the year round. Gorgeous flowers bloom in tho gardens und the grass is always green. The minister oes from one part of this city, of the size of hicago, to another in his own gondola rowed by three dark-skinned men in a livery of col- ored cotton and whon he takes a drive his oarriage is managed by a Malay conchman, who drives like Jehu and cuts the Siamese yagrants to make them keep out of the way. Bangkok hasa pleasant foreign colony and the climate though hot in the summer is on the whole heaithy and pleasant. The minister to Korea gets $7,500 a year, nd Mr. Dinsmore, the present incumbent, r.m of the most popular of our foreign He was appointed through the in- fluence .of Attorney-General Garland and others, and he was not an office-seeker. He stands very well with the king and the court, @nd itis dueto hisnerve that the foreign ©olony escaped so well the mob, which arose When the missionaries were charged by the people with killing babies and grinding them to make foreign medicines. Mr. Dinspu- more is an Arkansas lawyer of about thirty, five years, and if he woes back to America he will probably resume the practice of the law. Thereis a prospect, in case Judge Denny should conclude to resign, that Mr. Diusmore may succeed him as advisor to the kg, THE CLIMATE OF KOREA. The olimate of Korea is fine and the lega- tion establishment is a compound of yard surrounded by a high wall and containing half n dozen one-story Korean buildings. The residence of the minister has many gooms finished with the great varnished Peams of Korean architecture, and his par- for and dining-room are so arranged that they can be throwan together. There is guest house at the back for the use of the Minister's friends, and the ships, which | @rrive every ten days or two weeks, bring all sorts of delicacies from Shanghai, which §s the great foreign residence place of the Western Pacific. The minister to Korea has & guard of twelve soldiers furnished by the Sung. When ho goes out to ride through the &jma has eight men in livery to carry him ministers. sedan chair and his soldiers march in nt and behind him, The diplomatic places of Japan are gen- 1y esteemed more desirable than thoso of ina. The Japanese are a pleasanter peo- and there is no danger there of being obbed or stoned. Still the Chinese consuls fre better paid, and the minister geto $12,000 year. Colonel Charles Denby of Ind:ana is ur minister to China, and he is so well liked ha during my stay o papor was gotten up. igned by the missionaries and others, ask- the government st Washington to ntinue him in ofice. He is a tall, Moe looking man of sixty, with & smooth' jphaven, statesmanlike face, a bright blue ’(s'"d a rather judicial aspect. His home 4 fi eking is 1 tho legation buildings, con- gfim of a number of one-story brick struc- res, covering several acres and surrounded an ‘mrellng wall of blue brick. The so- ty of Pekingis made up of the mssion- jes, the diplomats and the foreigners em- loyed by the emperor. The minister is shut ff during three or four months of the year frvm visitors, as the river is frozen up, and Auring this time he gets his mails about three eeks after they arrive in China. The min- ster to Chiun gets no favor from the court. e is not received by tho better classes of e people and_his standing is & humiliation 180 the United States. He has good markets ' @nd can live, as far as the creature comforts &1 concerned, as woll at Peking as at home. This matter of living well is the same in . Our minister has as good markets as 80 of Washington or New York to supply is tablo and he has a big house rent free. nister Hubbard receives $13,000 a year snd this, it must be remembered, is in gold. ver is current in Japan and-the rate of ex- nge adds at least one-fourth to the pur- ehasing value of our consular and diplomatic 1 ios all through the eust. A salary of 500 out here becomes about forty-five indred dollars, and a_salary of $12,000 in 1d is $15,000 in silver. “Servants are in the east than in America and the g»lamuu have, a8 a rule, three sorvauts ere where they have onc at home. In orea, China and Siam Chinese servanis are used and all ministers and consuls use Chi- mese cooks, The consul general to Japan is Mr. Great- house, a Kentuckian by birth, who was ap- ointed by President Cleveland from Cali- ornia, where he has been living for some ears. He has a comfortable home at Yoko- ama und the foreign community there is the ‘gest in the empire of the Mikado. . Consul lernigan, of North Carolina, has a pleasant station at Kobe, and his salary is §8,500 & ear, He 1s tired of consular work and is so xious o get back to his law praotice in the nited Stutes that he told me he intended to i pesign, whether Presidont Cleveland was elected or not. He has made an excellent gnlul and his reports are amoug the best at have cowe to the state department. Consul 1irch, at Nagusaki, 1 anotho pop- wular consul. @ is 8 young West Virginian, who belioves in American rights and who 3 ‘will staud up for them. Not I ago there 4 ?u o dinper given at Nng ‘u i and Mr. 3 v T irch usked permission to bring Admiral hufeldt with him to the dinner. The Eng- ish consul, who had the dinner in charge, bjected, saying that none but residents of agasaki were to be invited. Upon coming the dinner Mr. Birch was surprised to see is same English consul bring to the table &ou tain from one of the English men-of- ar in sho harbor. He at once rose and left e table and the other Americans who were nt, 48 800N As they APPRECIATED THE INSULT, @14 likewise, Tle action so alarmed the con- gl that, he apologized to Mr. Birch, and since jen the Americans have had things pretty uch their own way, The cousular resi- nee in Negasakl is one of the prettiest inJapan. I is & large cottage on g overlooking @ besutiful harbor, sad Mr. Birch keeps bachelor's ball und @arries on the consular business., © "As t the consuls in China, they are all dorately well paid, and not a few of them Republicans, who nave been retained by i present admivistration. Charles Sey- . Bmour, at Canton, is ove of the most val B in the scrvice he has one of the it dimcult of our consulai positions. He «'§s & Kepublican from Wiscousin and has rod soveral presidents. Consul THE OMAHA DAILY BEK: SUNDAY, General Kennedy livesat Shanghal. He ro- ceives $5,000 o year and his reputation for officiency Is far above par. 1 am told that the people of Shanghai will petition his re- tention, but his place is & good one and the fact that he comes from South Carolina will operate against him. One of General Ken- nedy's secretaries is Mr. George Shufeldt, the son of Admiral Shufeldt. He has been connected with the Shanghai consulate for the past eight years and understands the consular business of China. He is a graduate of Cornell and as he s a Repub- lican, it s thought that he will be given one of the good-paying con- sulates under the new administration. The wvice consul, Mr. Emmens, is a fluent Chinese scholar, and, like Mr, Cheshire, the Chinese secretary of tho legation at Peking, he is an appointoe who gets his place more from the necessity of his services than from any political influence, Consul Smithers of Tientsin is a Delaware man. He has been in the consular service at different places for more than a score of years, and is a republican. The consul at Hong KKong is a Virginia de , and the consulate at Fuchau will be ated by the resignation of Mr. Charles Wingate, who, though a republican, is tired of office and is going back to s farm in New Kngland. The Amoy consul will probably be retired and all told there will be half a dozen fairly good places in China and Japan open to the republicans. Bangkok is the first eastern city I have visited which has not a large foreign col- ony. There are thousands of men and wo- mon from Bngland and America in China and Japan, and there is a colony of a hun- dred or 80 in Korea. The foreigners have the control of the customs service in China. ‘The head of the Chinese navy is an English naval officer, and Americans act as the foreign advisers to the governments of Japan and Korea. Judge Denny, the foreign advisor to the king of Korea, I met at Seoul, the capital, He is an Oregon man, who was o judge before he entered our consular ser- vice and who served for a number of years as consul to Tientsin, and also as consul gen- eral at Shanghai. He is acknowledged to be one of the bright men on the Asiatic coasts. He is perhaps the ouly foreigner who has been able to carry on & long fight with Li Hdng Chang, and that with success. Li Hung Chang is the secretary of state to the emperor of China, He is the strongest man in the empire, and it was through his in- fluence that Judge Denny was appointed to his present position. At this time Li Hung Shang was m favor of the independence of Korea, but he has since chunged his mind and he wants it to be looked upon as subordinate to China. Judge Deuny, as the adviser of the king, refu to advise his majesty to acknowleage the claim and hence the quarrel. Now Liis doing all in his power to oust Judge Denny, but 8o far his attempts have been in_vain. Judge Denny lives at the capital of Korea and he has there as nice a home as one could wish, Of one story, it extends over several acres and it is a sort of u mixture of Korean architecture and American comfort. It is one of the finest places in Scounl, and Mrs, Denny, an accomplished American lady, and not o Korean as has been stated, presides overit. Iam told that Judge Deuny has a salary of $12,000 a year from the king, and and he oughtto be worth atleast that to Korea. Heisa fine lawyer, a man of cul- ture, and through long training, added to natural ability, one of THE SHREWDEST DIPLOMATS OF TIE EAST. The foreign adviser of the state depart- ment at Tokio is Mr. Henry Denison, a young New Englauder, of about thirty-fi He has a fine house furnished to him by the mikado, and has received a rank from the emperor. He gets a high salary and he is es- teemed one of the most valuable of the for- eigners connected with the Japanese govern- ment. He has more influence th: American in Japan, and he is con degling with matters connected with Amer- ica. Another American connected in a responsi- ble way with the government of the Mikado is a tall, fine-looking, gray-mouctached gen- tlemen, who has been in Japan fora quarter of a century. 'This is Mr. Peyton Joudan, of Baltimore, who came there as & boy and hus been there ever since. In the educational branches of the Japan- ese kingdom, Amoricans hold high rank. There are not so many connected with tho ‘mperial university as there were a few years ago, owing to the principle adopted by the Japanese of not allowmg foreigners to do for them anything that they can getar teach the Japanese to do. Still Prof. Fenalossa, of Salem, Muss., is now the great art critic' of Japan, and he is, 1 am told, to have the charge of the old art works of the ewpire, which largely through his efforts are now bein, collected by the government and preserved. é;r.et. Fenalussa, looks upon Japancse art as GREAT ART DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD, and he says the Europcans and Americans have as much to learn in art from Japan as Japan can learn from them. He has made a study of Japanese art since he came to Japan, a decade ago,to take a place in the uui- versity, and he is an enthusiast upon the sub- jeet. During my stay in Japan he was trav- eling over the empire in company with our late Japancse minister, Mr. Kuli, collecting the art works about Kioto, and huving some of the most noted of these photographed by the court photographers. Mr. Fenalossa is married, and his wife, a New England lady, is oue of the court circle of Tokio. The head of the agricuitural college of Japan is au American, who is also married and who has a family bere with him. Prof. Georgeson was connected with several of the leading agricultural colleges of the TUnited States before he came to Japan. His last position was in the agricultural u versity of Texas. He now has a fine posi- tion here and is aiding the mikado to intro- duce mmproved methods into Japanese farm- ing and stook-raising. A large part of Japan is uneultivated, and the people, owing to their Buddhist religion not having been a nation of meat-caters in the past, have or paid much attontion to the raising of cattle or sheep. Prof. Georgeson believes that this will in time chaxge, and that vast areas whioh are not now farmed will be eventually brought under cultivation. ere are a large number of American missivnaries in Japan. These have their homes ali over the country, and there are extensive scttlements in the larger cities, Lake all foreigners in tho empire, the mis- sionaries have large houses and very com- fortabie homes, aud were 1 going to choose a conntry in which to do missionary work, I would pick out Japan. The people here wre more clean and friendly than the Chinese, and they are as far above these heathen of Siam as we are above the Indians of our mnrlun& The field is agood one, for three-fourths of the Japanese are infidels and the other fourth does not more than half believe in the Buddhist religion. Our missionaries are, 1am told, doing good work, and they have cbhurches and schools everywhere. Dr. Hepburn, the author of the only English-Jupanese American, and now, in his seventi refers to live in Jupan. He has been ero a life-time and he now acts as the ;\ml\lml of a missionary college at ‘foki He came to Japau long before the revolu and was one of the first missionaries here. Ho lives very nicely in Yokohoma with his wife,who is, notwithstanding her three-score and odd years, as spry and as bright as the doctor himself, Another of the pioneer Awmericans of Japan is Doctor Summouns, of “Tokio, who came out to Asia as one of the first missionary doctors and liked it so well that he has remained here to this dag. ‘There is an American physician in Yolo- hama and there are two in Tokio. Dr. Whitney is conueoted with tho American le- tion and he has been in Japan more than o ecade. He talks the Japanese like a native. and though Jouug man, - proposes to live here all his life, ‘T'wo of the brightest America: have married Japavese ladies. One of these is Mr. Duon, & bright, fair-complexioned young man connected with our embassy to the court of Japan, and the other is Lieuten- ant Foulke, who was for a time connected with the American legation at Korea, and wio is said to be one of the best posted among the foreigners on the Korean lang- usge, literature and customs. Mr. Dunn is @ relative of Senator Thurman. He has been in Jupan & long time and bo has been convected with the Japanese government, He thoroughly understands the Japanese wuflue and in the change of administration he is one of the men who will stay. As to American morchants, there are & number in Asia, though 1ot 80 many, per- huml s there were ten years . H J & Company is one of the oldest firms in wpan. It does business with all purts of the world and ships millions worth of goods to America and Burope every year. It has houses at iobe and in Yokonoma, and its mill at Kobe 1s one of the largest in and it will renk amoag the est wills of the world, The two Mr. Walehs, of Japan, come of # Georgls family, which afterwards moved to New York, and they are relatives of Cogrressman Barnos, of Georgia, Mr. C. P. Hall, the yo ,tn gan of the firm, is from Boston, and he’ is, like his partners, a good fellow, well read and cultured. -4 EFFECT ASIATIO CULTURE, It is a surpries of travelars to find that Americans abroad are, in nearly all cascs- college bred men, and that their contact with the sociely of the east has rather polished, them than nnylhln'!lelm. The socie ty o! Asia, as far as 0 foreigners are con- ocerned, is as good as you will find anywhere, and the several capitals have a coterie of as elegant people llf'DIl will see in New York or Washington. In Korea there is a very leasant forelgn colony, consisting of tho Fnrotgn minsters and consuls, the employos under the king, and the missionaries. They have their social ainnors, their litorary and musical clubs, and their 1awn tennis ground. They have comfortable homes furnished in American styles and the latest of the magazines and papers are sent to them fortnightly mails from Amerioa. 'The d of the king's school is Prof. Bunker, an American, who graduated at Oberlin college not many years ago, and his wife, who came out here as a medical mis- sionary, is physician to the queen and is very popular at court. General Dye and tho American officors who came out to reor- ganizo the Korean army,are another olo- ment of Scoul soviety, and the only foreign mercantile fiem in Korea is that of More & Townsend, of Chemulpo, two young Amori- cans of perhaps thiriy-five who. como orig inally from Boston and who have an exten siv business here and in Japan. MISSIONARIES MOBBED. There are missionaries scattered all over China, They are earncst, conscientious workers ns rule, and wrapped up in their work. They ivo. in large compounds orin yards surrounded by walls, and their lives “are sometimes in danger. 1 met at Canton a Mr. Multon, of Ashland, O,, who was_broken in health and was about to go home for a vacation. He had been working 1 the interior of China, and his sister, who was a_doctor, was with him, They had under them & young Chinese medical student, and this young celestial had in some way gotten hold of a skelston which he hid in his room. Mr. Fuilton, finding soap scarce, had made a barrel of soft soap, and this was standing outside the house, At this time the cry was raised that the missionaries were kiliing Chinamon and were using their bodies to make medicine, They mobbed the missionary’s house, und when they found the skeleton and this soft soup they looked upon these as prima facie evidence of the crime, There is no soft soap in China and they know nothing of dissoction orof study of unatomy by skeleton. 'The result was that they buined down the house and the missionary snd his family narrowly escaped with the Speaking of bright At Vassar, Miss rived in Japan und she is now teaching empress’ school for girls at Tokio. One of the leading physicians of the great mission- ary hospital of Canton, China, i3 Miss Doctor Niles, the sister of one of the editors of ‘Lirk and there is a lady now married and living at Tientsin who came out here as a medical missionary and who, when Li Hung Chung's wife was in danger of dying, per- formed what was thought by the Chinese an almost miraculous cure. A brother of the great preacher, Dr. T. Dewitt Talmuge, of Brooklyn, has been forty years a missionary at Amoy, China, and his gray-haired wifo and young duughter still assist him in his work. The head of the imperial coll ing, where the moble young C tuught the western scienoes Martin, who was for vears a missionary, and it was an American missionary, Mr. Williams, who wrote the best book on China, Wilhams' *“Middle ngdom” is conceded by all to be the most exhaustive and best work ever published on China and the Chinese, 1t is of two large volume: it is the authority of the Knglish us wi the Americans. Mr., Williams was for years located at Peking and he mauy times acted as minister and charge d’affairs of the United States legation there. Our legation build- ings are, I think, still owned by his estate and his name is 8o highly respected in the east that I am glad to add this testimonial to those I daily hear, Dr. Happer, anotber of the old missionaries, who came ouv to China in the forties, as far back as the days of President Tyler, is now at sovemty-fiv founding a college at Canton; and D McGowan, another white-haired mau, whose daughter is married to the English consul at Canton, is now connected with the govern- ment of China in his professional capacity and is one of the leading scholars of the cast. AMERICAN MERCHANTS IN CHINA. The American merchantsin China are now to be found _chiefly at Shanghai, but the American firm of Russell & Co. isto be found everywhere. has its big houses at Hong Kong, Canton, ntsin, Stanghm and on the island of Formosa, and it is one of the 1argest firms doing business in Asia. It had for years its own ships and its business houses wre like palaces. 1t hus one at Shang- hai, which would be a good building in New York or Boston, and_which is pointed out one of the sights of the city. Russell & arc nearly as old as the century, They di business witn all parts of the world, and th have houses in New York and Roston uiso in Lyons, France. They ship cve: thing from matting to silk, and they have factories which make silg in Shanghai and elsewhere. The head of the firm is Mr. Forbes, of Hong iKong, and a noted member of itis Mr. Vincent Smith. Many of their employes are now Englishmem, though the house is strictly American, yet here and there you find & true Yunkes among them, and I met at Tientsin Mr. Robert Browa, the head of the firm there, and fouud an ex- union soldier of about forty who had lived in New Jersey, and who was proud in being one of the nephews of our Uncle Sam, Smith, Baker & Co. is another American firm which does a good business in Japan and the China and Japan Trading company have houses in Japan and China, and send their goods everywhere. 1 found in Yoko- hama and Tokio the Jupanese and Amer.can Trading company, headed by a typical Americau merchunt traveler in the person of & young man of thirty. His name was i. V. Thorne and he was introducing American lamps and notivns among the Jupanese, and shipping goods home.to America for sale. He was advertising as freely as though he were in a big American city and his business scemed to be good. I met at Tokio an American named Clarke, who was introducing these giobe-like bottles of fire-extinguisher among the Japanese and 1 saw the Waterbury watch wherever 1 went. It sold in Japan for less than I bought one before 1 ieft America, and its agent, Mr, Charles F'lint, formerly of Wash- ington, told me he was selting them to the merchanis by the tens of thousands through his agent, and that he proposed to introduce them in Korea and China. We have some American lawyers in Asia outside of those acting as advisers to th rulers, and &t Shanghai there is an Ameri- can broker, Mr. B. D. Rice, who comes, 1 \hink, from Boston. At Amoy I took tifin th & Californian who was there as marine rveyor, and here at Bangkok, Mr. Jessie Childs, the nephew of the minister, and & raduate of Amherst of only four years ago, making & good living as an aitorney-at- law. I have met several sea captains on the Japanese steamers who are Awericans, and I find that three-fourths of the travelers 1 meet come from the United States Frank G. Canv, —————— Mrs. Booth's Saivation Baby. The other day I had the much petted child of Mrs. Ballington Booth, t pale, pretty captain of the Salvation Army, put into my arms, says a New York letter to the Kunsas City Jour- nal, It is a plump baby in white em- browdered robes,which the mother takes as much pleasure as in any woman not in uniform in having sot and sheer and dainty and keeping immaculately clean. But the peculiarity of the infant is not its chubby arms, nor its sweet temper nor its propensity to grab for flowers, but the badges with which it is always adorned, The Salvation Army mother keeps a store of them, and. garnishes the child with a new one on every occa- sion, “God’s Infaunt,” *“‘Dedicated to Jesus,” **One of Christ’s Littie One’s” “Holy to the Lord,” '‘A Growing Sol- dier,” “The Little Corporal,” “Ea- listed for the War,” are a few of the emblems which at one time or another emblazon the babe. Usually they are worked in gold floss on purple or scarlet ribbons, and serve for sashes or are IEX, pinned f the neck to the waist of the child owns. They are Mrs. Booth's one dress mani Marie Van Zands thiaks of coming o America next spring with a company of her own in English opera. THE GREAT: SPRING FEAST. i Origin and Anelent History of Has- tor Sunday. 0 lallie BENEDICTION FRbM THE LOGGIA. The Ancient Lawaon the Uclebration ~A Gala Day t Rome—Eastor Eggs—Some of the Curi- ous [ Oustoms. Easter Sunday. This is Easter Sunday, the most im- portant day in the christian calendar and the one whose varying date deter- mines the time of the occurrence of all the movable feasts of the church, According to St. Leo, it is the *‘feast of feasts,” and the joyful character as cribed to it marks the services in the Catholic and Episcopal churches of Christendom. The ‘‘dissenting de nominations”donot hold it in such rev- erence, as a rule, though some of them are coming nearer the mother church in their regard for it. The word, easter, is derived from the name of the Saxon goddess Eastre, the same deity whom the Germans called Ostara, a goddess of hight and spring, honored as the devinity of the dawn, and whose feast was celebrated during the month of April. The Anglo-Saxon called the spring month ‘‘Eastermon- adh,” and, naturally, the German na- 'tions called the great church feast that fell at the beginning of the spring, “Easter,” a title that has descended to us, like such names as Tharsday, ete., long after the heathen divinity had been forgotten. All christ- inns, except those of the German fam- ily, call the feast of Christ’s resurrec- tion by some modification of the Jewish *'pasch the term the church herself uses in her liturgy, and the christian feast, in a certain sense, is derived from the Jewish feast of the over. This feast was celebrated on the 14th of Nisan, to commemorate the wonderful deliverance of the Jews on the night of their exit from Tgypt, when the de- stroying angel smote the first-born of the PEgyptians. The celebration of a special Pascal (or Easter) feast among christiaus goes back to the remotest an- tiquity. ‘When St. Polycarp went to Rome in A. D. 154, he found two modes prevalent among christians of celebrating the Iaster. Those who followed the church at Jerusalem obscjved the day simulta- sy with the passaver. The gentile churches in Ttaly preferred to brate Kaster on -the Sunday following the fourteenth day of the vernal full cole- moon. This diffg)ence was sharply de- bated until the council at N (A. D. 325) decreed that’3t sHould be celebrated on the fourteenthy of Zthut lunation, of which this fourfen day falls on the vernal equinox oran ®eek later. Or, as it is sometim el “Easter is that Sunday followingZhe first full moon, which falls on, o¥ ‘next after, the 21 day of March in Sévery year.” In 1889 the March. full utoon fell. on the 17th, the April full mogn on Monday last, the 15th, which deterdiingd the obscrvaunce of to-day. TRAET As Enster is the gredtest Sunday, so the week following 1s the greatest week of the year, aud in' ancient times was kept like one whole fex In the year 389 the Emperor Theodosius forbade law courts to be held during this weel and in 5% alaw was enacted forbidding” all servile work during the weel, and it continued in force for several cen- turies. In the days of papal supremac was always a day of great solemnity in Rome. The artillory of the castle of St. Angelo announced the break of day, and the pope said mass at St. Poter’s in great pomp. The church was lined with the military; the Swiss guards puton their festival uniforms. = Aftor the mass the pope was carried in pro- cession to the Loggia, over the entrin-:e to St. Peter’s, from whence the benedic- tion was given to the people. Tho plaza of St. Péter’s on this occasion often held over 100,000 people. At the extremo end were stutioned the carriages of s ter the cardinals, ambassadors, = pre- lates, princes and strangers = of distinetion. The center of the court before the obelisk was occu- pied by troops of infantry and caval and before the entrance to St. Pote where ranged the bands of the diffe ent regiments. The entire plaza was one mass of moving heads, and the porticos at each side were covered with spectators. About midday the proces- sion would emerge from the basilea, the pope wearing his vestments of white and gold. He would be greeted by a salvo of artillery, and a blare i trumpets and drums. The proces- sion would wend its way up to the *'Scalu Regia,”and the pope seated upon the ‘*Sedes Gestatoria” would be ad- vanced to the front of the balcony sur- rounded by the cardinal and bishops. The pope then recited the nccustomed rayers from a book held by a bishop kneeling, and raising his hand would prouounce on the assembled and kneel- ing thousands the blessing—‘urbi et orbi,” on the city and the world. The effect was electrical, and at the conclusion of his words there wasa gen- eral pealing of the bells, the canuons of St. Angelo again thundered, and the trumpets and drums of the soldicrs joined in the grand acclamation. The day was then spentin feasting and in the evening the cupola of §t. Peter’s was il- lumnated—a sight. such as no other city and mo ' other building in the world could_jrasent. Fireworks on the Monte Piucio concluded the festa’s celebratio took 4,000 lamps and afterwards beaux to light up the cupola, andtheeflect was won- derful, and preser the glorious structure in its full gigry. The donor of the t new thing in Easter gifts, and the ¢hildren who give one another hard boiied eggs arve alike unconsciously perpetuating a mytholog- ical rite, but the rn development of the practice different from its origioal licity, There is no doubt that tBis 'vustom is of the the greatest anti and various ori- gins have been ed toit. Some trace it to the Pe 8, who from very early times held feastsat a period of the year corresponding to Easter, and supposed to be held in commemoration of the creation and the deluge—events which were constantly confounded in the Pagan oosi onies. Bir Robert Ker Porter,brother of Jane Portor,who rote “Thuddeus ,of Warsaw” and “The Scottish Chiefs,” says that at these feasts ‘‘eggs were presented to friends in obvious allusious to the Mur dane egg, for which Ermuzd and Abr man were to contend till the consum- mation of all things.”’ Again, in the religious mysteries of Egypt and Greece, an egg was the em- blem of the universe. In the Pheeni- cian records the egg 18 represented as encircled in the i‘;aldl 8 eerpent, which is warming it ioto life.” In as issuing from Cueph, tho world-creating spirit, and it has been conjectured as symbolical either of the whole universe or of the earth itself. The yolk represents the world, the white the atmosphere, and the shell the crystalline sphere in which the stars are placed. In another hypothe- sis the egg simply represents the vital Frlncipln as yot undeveloped, and herefore corresponds to the chaos of the early cosmogonies. In this con- yptinn sculptare it is similarly do- %vfi p ¥ nection we can more readily ap- preciate the parallel that has en drawn between the eggs and the ark, as both contained ‘‘the rudi- ments of a future world.” Conjectural, as all explanations of the menning of these Pagan symbols must be, they are none the less interesting, and it 1s, at any rate, possible that the mystery which still attaches to Baster eggs may have come down to useven from the days of druidical superstition. We can, however, also trace a connection between the custom of prosenting eggs and the early Hebrew rites. In many places these eggs are known as ‘*paste,” “*pasche,” or “‘pace” eggs. Our Easter is known among Roman nations by names similarly derived. Thus in French it is “‘pacque;” in Ital- ian, “‘pasquai¥ in Spanish, “pascun:” all of which can be traced through the Latin and Greek from the Chaldee or Aramean form of He- brew name of the Passover festival, The Jows adopted the egg as a tyve of th departure from the land of Egypt; and it was used as part of the furniture with the Paschal lamb. According to another account the Jewish wife, at the Feast of the Passover, placed upon the table pre- paved for that purpose hard boiled eggs, the symbols of a bird called , con- cerning which the Rabbis have a thousand fables. Biodetti speaks of found in the tombs of Balbina and others; inference that they may been regarded as symboli- cal of the resurrection is ob- vious enough. In Italy large number of eggs are sent to ba at Easter, after which tl are home and placed in o large dish in the center of the table. All visitors during Baster week are invited to eat an Iaster cgg, and a refusal to do so would be regarded as a great rudeness. These eggs are sometimes painted in various colors. In Russin on Easter day itis customary for friends to t one an- and exchange eggs, on which oc- they also drink a great deal of The poorer people formerly oggs dyed red, while the folks had theirs elaborately In Washington a curious custom ex- ists of having all the children of the city assemble on the sloping lawn of the white house on Easter Monday and roll cggs down the grass to_the serpentine walk on the Potomac side. It isa very pretty sight, and the weather is gener- ally pleasant about Faster time—the president and other ‘inmates viewing ihe proceeding from the white house marble eggs bei St. Theodor and the have windows. Few, perhaps, know that this can be traced n the christian chitdren of Meso- potamin, who used to procure as eges as they could and them in many ways. They then amused themselves by striking the eggs nst one another, and the egg which broken first became the property of the owner of the egg which struck it. This ceremony is & survival of the re- joicing which took place at the termina- tion of the Lenten fast. ‘The old prov- erb, “‘An egg at Easter,” is thus ex- plained, because the liberty 1w eat eggs began again at the festival. It is e plained that the practice of decorating and puinting eggs at Kaster arose from the pleasure which was occasioned by returning to this favo ood after so long an abstinence from it during the Lenten season. As on Ash Wednesday. the church’s enforced abstinence from meat and mundane pleasures begins, so on the the fortieth day(not counting Sundays), when cuds the season of Lent, it is lit- tle wonder that the fasters should re- joice. 1t is singular how pertinaciously that namber, “forty.” enters into reli ious observance ameng diversified na- tions; but this particular inclusion of certainly in commemoration of Christ’s forty day fast in the wilder- ness (Matthew iv:2.), though its rela- tion to the icifixion (Good Frida and the resurrection (Easter Sunday) is :nt, any more than all the churches g Iasterin a befitting man- The floral decorations, choir num- bers and themes of ministers, to say nothing of the new Kuster bonnet, are ull puying tribute to the fostal day. e A by MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC. Nikita hins made & big success at Odessa Russia. Panline Hall goes back to the Casmo in the fall, Mr. Nat Goodwin has sccared the lease of the dard theater, Now York, for five yenrs, M. Franz Rummel, the well-known piamst, who 15 just now engaged upon a concert tour i andinavia, has recently had the honor playing before the queen of Denmark at Copenhagen. ‘The rumor comes across the Atlantic that Mr. Richard Mansficld may not return to this country until next year, but mav re- wain in London to undertake another impor- tant wanagerial venture. 1t is announced that Edwin Booth has re- covered entirely from his recent indisposi- tion. It is also said that be has foresworn the use of tobaceo, to which his temporary collapse is wholly attributed, Recently a new opera by Dyorak, entitled, “The Jacobin,” was produced for the first time at the National Bobewmisw theater of Prague, and was received with the greatest enthusiasm by the composer's countrymen Mr. Trving's son has written to the London nowspapers to say that his name is really Irving and oot Broaribb, his father having formerly adopted the name by which he is geverally known, by virtue of lettors patent. | Dudley Buck's cantata, *“The Light of Asia,” published by Messrs, Novello, Ewer & Co., was performed in Lonfoa by the Nevello choir last week. A cable dispatch states that the performance was a greal suc- cons. A comic opera by s American composer Mr. Robert Goldbeck, will soon be produced in the grand drawing room of the Devonshire house, on Piccadilly, through the kinduness of the duke of London. The piece is called “New York," Mr. Henry Irving has requested M. Jules Claretie to _arrange with M. H. dc Bormer for the production in London of *Mahomet,” which will soon be performed at the Theater Francais, with M, Mounet-Sully in the prin- cipal character. Herr Nachbaur, the Munich tenor, who for over twenty vears has been the sole representative of Walther Stolzing in the “Meistersinger”’ performances at the Maaich opera, has at length been replaced in that part by a more youthful rival, Herr Mikorcy. Miss Helen Dauvray. after having, accord- ing to her agent, engaged nearly all her com- pany and booked her tour for next sea ner. RIL 21, 1880.~SIXTEEN PAGES. than I hear echoos of a tremendous perform- ance of ‘Die Gottordammerung,' aud go to assist at another one of ‘Rheiugold in the afternoon. A now comic opers, “Dovotta,” describde a8 purely American in evory particular, com- Josed by Mrs, . Mary. Ravmond and Miss Sotay Banker, 18 to be broucht out at the Now York Standard theater on Easter Mon- day, April 3. The opera is in threo acts, and'its scones are laid in Washington, Ari: zona and New Mexico, It is said tnat Mr. Augnstus Harris medi- tatos a rovival at Drury Lano theator, next season,upon n sealo of extraordinary magnifl- ceuce, of Shakspore's “Priceless, Prince of Tyre," of which Mr. John Coloman has made an adaptation, in aecordance with the laws of modorn taste. The main object of the ro- vival, of course would be spectacle, Tt is not true that the Vokes sisters aro to play together in this country next season ; their appoarances and their companies will bo quite distinct and _separato, Evor s ince the death of the brother, Frod Vokes, the younger sistor, Rosina, has urged hor sistor Victoria to abandon tho English and re-entor the American fiela, and to this advice Miss Victoria has finally yieldod. prr St The Jewelers' Review. Cowled monks in oxidized silver aroa now feature in peppe The newest comb headings are of platinum and gold intertwined. _ Colored pearls are being extensively used in jewelry ornamentation. A rich looking scarfpin is a pearl ball dangling from a diamond coronet. bas now, it is announced on the Ui wuthorivy, decided not to return to the 8t all, but to return instead to domestic with her husband, John Montgomery Ward, the ball player. “Lena" will be the name of the version of “Asin a Looking-Glass” written for Sarah Bernhardt by M. Berton, The great French aeclress abandoned several of her [talian en- agements 1o rehearse this piece, which will g«pl& ed at the Varietes, and 10 »urse M. Daluals who is in a critical condition, owing 10 his use of morphine. Vou Bulow is_utterly astonished st the rowth of the Wi nited 5 uerian sontiment w the States. *“The very stmosphere,” he s charged. I am no sooner on shore There is again a call for coral jewelry, the more admired shade being pink. One of the latest whims isa miniatue gold compass charm with a biue enamel dial. Scarfo in tops are formed now of two or three broad circular banas interlocked. Seasou oble queen chain pendants are tiny enamelod ogga in colors to simulate porco- ain, 1t begins 1o look as though ladies’ purses of fine woven gold are to make their mark soon, Some of the newest gold glove buttonors ave beautificd with incrusted gold crutch handies. The newest hatpins have heads of trans- parent amber and carved to reprosent aspar- agus. A gold disc completely covered with small torquoises makes a tasty and inexpensive scarfpin, Povular among scarfpin weacers is a small gold knife edge hand scythe set with tiny pearls, Two bars set around with opals ana diamonds tely form a bracelet of a pleasing acter. Imitation whisk brooms on a small seale, of fine varicgated gold, arc the coming quoon chain pendants. The more recent watch ornamentation consists of two dinmond horseshoes with ends overlapping, surrounded by delicately engraved flowering. A diminutive grecu corn, roproduced in moonstone and attuched to o fow leaves, set with rose diamonds, forms one of the cutest scarfpins imaginable. An artistic brooch is formed of two s interlocked and studded wi pearls. the end: of colored p the center. Topping a tortoise shell double pronged comb is an encrusted gold design, bordering somewhat upon the heart fashion, but ter- minating in a dismond coil on top, and set at regular intervals with diamonds ‘and rubics alternatin 1d together by semi circles 1s,and a diamond occupying DRS. BETTS & BETTS 198 FARNAM STREET, OMAHA, NED, (Opposite Paxton Hotel.) . o Office hours, ¥ a, m. to 8p. m. m, tolp. m, Specialists in Chronic, Blood Disvases. “(Consnltation at office or by mall free. 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