Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, August 14, 1887, Page 13

AHE TRIALS OF AN EMICRANT. Beminiscenses by & Former Emigrant Now o Prosperous Missour! Official, LANDING AT CASTLE GARDEN. An Unclean Italian—The Terrors of the Storm—Amusements in the Steerage—The Emigrants’ Diet— Emigration in Olden Times, A gentleman from the northern part of Missour: who was in Omaha two days of last week is a living exemplification of the advantages which the land of the free and the home of the brave possesses for men of all nationalities. A few years ago this gentleman landed in this coun- iry, one of a numbver of tired and wretched immigrants. To-day he is an associate justice of the county court of & prosperous Missour: county in which he has made considerable money as well ay many friends. In conversation with a representative of the Bek this gentleman who, by the way, 18 a very intelligent man, imparted some 1nteresting information in regard to the habits, the trials and tribulations of the emigrant while en route to this country. ““The scene on the pier previous to the departure of a vessel is an exciting one,” said he, “Itis crowded with emigrants allin a confused and excited state, re- minding one of a frightened flock of sheep. The majority are perhaps En- glish, Irish and German, though nearly all nations are represented. More than half of the whole number of emigrants arrive in New York from Liverpool, a curious fact being that as many German emigrants come to America by way of Liverpool as those who sail in steamers direct from Hamburg or Bremen. These Germans are conveyed to Hull by water nd thence across England by rail to ;ivurpool. A shipload of these seekers lor homes is a curious sight, many sinis- ter men and some loose women are no- ticeable, but here and there may be noticed many neat in dress and cleanly in appearance and promising citizens. Kach emigrant has a contract ticket, which in consideration of the current rate of fare stipulates for his transporta- tion to New York, together with a full supply of wholesome provisions, cooked and served by itsstewards; the passenger 13 required to provide himself with bed- ding and cooking utensils. In my time the weekly allowance of food for adults was prescribed by the government and printed on the contract ticket. As I re- member it, it was 21 quarts of water, 8} pounds ot bread, 1 pound of wheaten flour, 1} pounds of oatmeal, rice and F::m, 2 pounds of potatoes, 1} pounds of heet, 1 pound of pork, 2 ounces of tea, 1 pound of sugar, and salt, pepper, mus- tard, vinegar, ete. The steerage stewards berth the emigrants, and they are then murshaled on deck under the scrutiny of a government inspector who examines them for infectious diseases. *‘On nearly all vessels just before start- ing are found ‘‘stowaways’’ or some poor fellows who, enthused with the glowing desoriptions of the land beyond the sea and too poor to pay passage, are des- perate enough to attempt to steal pass- ago. In nearly all mstances these are discovered when the tickets are exam- ied, and they are sent back to shore. Some of them will make the piteous tale that they have been robbed of their money while waiting for the vessel or lost therr tickets, but this is of no avail. After the steerage passengers are at- tended to, the cabin passengers come aboard and the vessel pushes out.” ‘‘What 18 the f:uuurnl treatment these people receive while at sea?” asked the reporter. “Well,” replied the Missourian, “‘neither officers or men seem to consider them worthy of respect. Occasionally you wiil find'some ships officers who wiil treat them in & humane, tolerating man- ‘mer, but as a rule they are treated more like a drove of cattle. No difference is made between the better or worse class but all are treated alike. There is no classification, the single women and men are sepurated, but Poles, Germans, Kn- glish, French, [tulians, and people of all countries are thrown together. A cleanly, thrifty woman is berthed next to a filthy one, and the same with neat appearing hardworking men who are compelled to mingle with the dirtiest of vagabonds. ““The steerage is usually cold, dark and foul smelling. It oxtends nearly the en- tire length of the vessel under the saloon deck and is cut wp in gloomy apartruents, In ench one of these are four tiers of berths or bunk, two on each side. The lower tier is two feet from the deck and the upper tier three feet from the roof. The steerage is about ten feet in height; in each tier are probably six berths eighteen inches wide and six feet long and made of boards. These berths gancmlly emit an unpleasant smell of chlorate of lime or carbolic acid.” “It is not then the most pleasant sight," remarked the BEg man. “It is anything but a pleasant sight which greets ones eyes as Le enters the stecrage from the open deck. The women and children are sitting or lying in the berths, the former tired and pale, yet bearing their suffering with that wo- manly fortitude characteristic of the sex; :ho ebflurnn Kiving vent to their feelings n sobs, “*Officious stewards are moving about Indulging in a coarse joke here and a row] at some unfortunate there. After the supper, and but few partake of the first one at soa, the tahles are raised to sthe roof and the ateerage center space is clear. Sowe lamps are then lighted, but promptly extinguished at o'clock. Three meals are served every day and in s g}mlity and quantity they are substantial. or breakfast at 8 o'clock emngrants sit down to do justice to oatmeal porridge and molasses, hot bread, cotfee and salt fish. For dinner st 12 perhaps soup or broth, botled meats, potatoes and bread, For supper at 6 tea and bread and butter with molasses. However substantial the lood may be, the manner 1n which it is served is uncleanly. Beef and soup are placed on the table in rusty looking tins and then a scramble takes place, dirty fingers often being used instead of forks. On a pleasant summer day the emigrants have quite a merry time on deck. Some of the Italians obring out their harps and yiolins and a concert takes place. Aside from this these people amuse themselves at cards, checkers, and other games, and after a time they become partially accus- tomed to their filthy prison, the majority make the best of it and enjey themselves to a degree.’’ *‘How is the emigrant cared for during a storm?” queried the reporter. ‘“Ihat's just where he reaches the height of his misery,” answered the ex- emigrant. *'1shall'neyer forget the suf- ferings we all endured during a seyere storm on my passage. When the storm came up the hatches were battened down, the ports screwed 1n their places and the companlonways closed. During all the time the sea is on deck perhaps 1,000 Empla were confined to the steerage, on this oceasion, for nearly three days. The atmosphere hecame close and in twenty-four hours was loaded with im. wpurities; meals were irregularly served and the food Mh{ cooked, " I shall mever forget the exhibition of terror on the of aome of the emigrants, and their contagious as their shrieks grew | r, and their prayers more fre. guent. After the storm had subsided, pod the sterage was opou, the sailors would not go in to clean up for six hours and then ficy had to DQPIII plied with an extra allowance of . I remember on this trip an incident which a sailor told me wns not an unusual one. One of the Italians in t| teerage had not washed himself since he had been on bo.rdhlnd after the storm he refused to leave his bunk, but clung to it in all its ;fl and with his charactoristic indo- ence. On the captain's order he was brought on board and thoroughly cleansed with a_hose, after which he re. turned apparently focling no better for his clean ub, but I am certain the bal- ance of us rested easicr. When the steamer arrives at quaran- tine, a tow boat conveys the doctor on board and he inspects the emigrants, If there are no cases of infectious disense the steamer prooeeds to the oity, and shortly another steamboat appears with the boarding ofticer of the emigration commissioners. This official ascertains the number of passengers on board and listens to complaints, *‘Soon the trees of the Battery park come in sight, the steamer’s pulse ceases several barges are towed alongside, an the emigrants with their baggage are transferred to these. ment is here manifest as at the outset of the voyage. The poor emigrants are browbeaten and driven about like the same old sheep, and as soon as the barges are loaded a small steamer takes them in tow and they are landed with :lh(;lnr loud of human feight at Castle Gar- len, ““The bnrg‘ol loaded with emigrants are goon moored to the wharf, and the cus- tom Q:uu oflicors examine the baggage; old chests, barrels and bundles arc pucked together and the ofticers begin the work of examination, +‘Do these people have much property?’ ‘‘Some of the emigrants have no bag- age whatever, and it is safe to say that 100 is the nver-fu amount of cash held hr one person with perhaps $50 addition= alin urouer%. . “Whenthe baggage has been *passed” by the inspectors, it is checked and sent to a room prepared for its reception. Lhe immigrants are examined by a me ical ofticer, who ascertains that no pau- pers or criminals are among them, and that no person afilicted with contagious or infectious diseases have escaped the doctor at quarantine. The immigrants are then ushered into the rotunda, a high- roofed circular building, into which ven- tilation and light are admitted by a dome seventy-five feet high. The “floor is divided into small inclosures containing & post office, telegraph office, money ex- change and restaurant. As the crowd files in, each pnsscn{mr detained for a moment at the registration desk, where his name, age, nationality, destination, the vessel’s name and the date of arrival are carefully recorded and preserved. “When the registration is complete a clerk announces the names of the pas- sengers who have friends waiting for them, or for whom letters, telegrams or remittances have been received, and de- livery is made to the persons answering. Other passengers who wish to commun cate with acquaintances or relatives are referred to clerks who speak and write their language, and their messages are transmitted from the telegraph desk or by mail. The railroad companies have agents in the building, and the passen- gers who wish to leave the city are shown to the ticket offices, while their baggage is rechecked and conveyed to the train or depot without charge. Those who want rest are permitted to remain in the rotunda, where a howl of coflce, tea or k and a small loat of bread are sup plied to them for ten cents. If they chooso they can go to one of the board- ing houses licensed by the commissioners, whit'h offer food and lodging at the modest price of a dollar or a dollar and half. There is also a lubor bureau which is of much md to the new comers. The immigrants are guarded ag swind- lers by a broker's office where com is ex- changed for bills at the lowest current rates, and where valuables may be de- posited without charge. 2 “Many vears ago the great majority of emigrants were 8o poor that they could not prepay their passage. They necepted advances and were bonded to the ship owners, who derived enormous profits. Charles Reade has a vivid descri the emigrant traffic at this perioc “Wandering Heir.” When a vess - rived at Philadelphia or New York, the steerage passengers were sold at public nuction to the highest bidder. The coun- try people either came themselves to purcKuo or sent agents. Parents sold their_children, that they might re free themselves, and tamilies were scat. tered never to be re-united. Old peopla and widows did not sell well; while healthy parents with healthy children, and youths of both sexes, found a ready murket. VWhen one or both parents died on the voyage, the expenses of the whole fannly were summed up, and charged to tho survivor. Adults had to serve from three to six years, and chiltiren until they becarae of age. hunnwnys had to serve one week for each day, one month for each week, and six months for each month of their absence. The emigrants were called “indented servants,’’ butin effect they were slaves. *“The last sales of immigrunts took place I think in Philadelphia during the years 1818 or 1819. The government then inter- fered with the traflic, and encouraged the immigration ot a superior class of people. But the accommodations for emigrarts re- mained shamefully defective, and nearly twenty out of every hundred passengers died at sea of fever or starvation. The steerage deck was usually about five feet high, without ventilation or light, and in this space the bunks were mnged n two or three tiers, *“The health of the passengers was fur- ther impaired by another evil which, up to u very recent date, prevailed on board emigrant vessels, The emigrants were to provide and cook their own food. Many embarked without any provisions or an insuflicient quantity,” and others found no opportunity to cook what they had. On the upper deck of the vessel there were two small “‘galleys,”’ about five feet wide and four feet deep, each supplied with a grate, and these were the only arrangements made for cooking the food for several hundred persons. ““Thousands never lived to see their des- tination. Out of about ninety-eight thou- sand laborers sent from Ireland to Cana- da after the famine of 1846. nearly twen- ty-tive thousand perished in consequence ot thsroor rations and defective ventila- tion of the ships. Later still, in 1868, on one vessel alone—the Leibnitz” from Hamburg—over one hundred passengers died out of five hundred. ““The mortality on vessels bringing emi- grants to New York to-day will perhaps not exceed one and two-thirds per cent., and in some instances is no greater than one-cighth per cent.” e LOOKING FOR JiM. Written for the Sunday Bee. The littlo sketch [ am about to write is sbsolutely trne, It occurred when I was a British soldier, stationed at Malta in the year 1875. I was quartered in the St. Elmo barracks, right at the entrance to the Grand harbor, and over the histor- ical spot where Napoleon is supposed to have sunk the golden gates. Anyone who has ever visited that island--who bas sailed past the entrance and up to the Grand and Quarantine harbors, can- not have failed to notice the grand chal- dron of fonming and seething water; always turbulent, no metter how calm the day, whilst 400 feet above are the z_ranlw barracks of 8t. Elmo. Tae sol- iers lazily pwlnaln and fro are in strik- Infi contrast to the rough ocean below which for sublimity ana grandeur fs worth the painter’s most artistic skiil, Military Hifo in Malta consists 1n & seem- ingly never ceasing’ round of guard The same excites nmmtllg. Fall in at 7a. m. be in- spected by the regimental officers, then march to the brigade headquarters and be nspected by the brigade officers, fin- ally march to governor's headquarters, be reviewed, march past, salute and then off to the various guards, arriving at your post somewhere about 10 or 11, and all this time belted up and wearng a knapsack containing a full kit, with the thermometer at about 104° in_the shade; then when on guard you cannot remove your belts, and when on sentry you must wear your knapsack and straps. How- ever, to my story, In the company to which I belonged was a young married couple in whom the whole regiment scemed to take especial pride. The man, Corporal James Fennessy, was the son of a former officer of the regiment, an officer who had fought and won his way from the ranks to the adjutancy, and who, while winning rank and filory, had been debarred from saving that most essential article, either in civil or military life, money; consequently when the old man died after thirty-three years active and faithful service it was found that his entire estate consisted of soventeen pounds in money, four medals, the Vie- toria cross, a presentation_sword, and two old suits of uniform. The son after waiting as long as he could in the hope that his father's services would enable him to obtuin & commission, at last enlisted as & private soldier in the regiment of which his father had been an honored ofticer, and was immediately given his first step that of corporal. Our regimental school- mistress was a young lady with almost a similar history to that of Corporal Fen- nessy, the two having been born in India in the regiment and known no other homes than the barracks. What wonder was it that the two should be very much attached to each other, and when Cor- nessy, as is the rule, sent in on application to be allowed to marry the schoolmistress and be ““li“e‘l quarters in the married block, the whole regiment from colonel to private took a personal and proud interest in the su cess of the couple. They were marri by the chaplain, the colonel giving the bride away and the company furnishing the wedding banquet, and many were the brilliant prospects which the “wiseacres of the regiment spoke of. But duty and discipline f‘) hand in hand in the British army, and in spite of its being Jim's wedding day, the first order issued that evening for the morrow's duty read: “Corporal James Fennessy and eight men will mount gnard at 7 a. m. on St. Elmo heights.” 1n due time the guard mounting took place and it was nearly llo'cloc‘E before we reached St. Elmo heights. ‘Then when sentries were re- lieved we gladly threw off our knapsacks and looked over the blue Mediterranean, As far as the eye gould reach the sea ap- peared to be perfectly calm, while the different sails appeared so motionless as to resemble ‘‘painted boats upon a painted ocean,” yet down 400 feot below us, the waters were as usual seething and foaming, curling and dashing against the rocks as if to make up by their fury the calmness of the sea, It was hot. In the guard house the myriads of flies made it 1impossible to r outside on the parapets the scorching rays beat down pitilessly, and the only shade to be obtained was to 81t or lie in the apertures or embrasu®es built to receive the e cannon placed there to protect the nd ftom invasion, but only used for firing salutes. These embrasures were built out of tho solid fort wall, were about three yards wide and sloped and widened out till the edge was reached. Knowing that our next visitor would be the inspecting officer at 12 o’clock, the most of us made ourselves as comfortable as the circumstanc would permit. The corporal, no doubt mentally reviewing the events ot the previous day, lay down in one of the em- sures and was soon lulled by the he: into slumber. My readers neerz searce| be told that when a sentry gives the con ard turn out” it 1s a mauter of » p soldier to grasp his ritle and fall in as quickl ble. In due time the ofticer made his sentry gave the usual warning and each man sprang to obey. The guard fell in the corporal? We looked cchless terror. The: was but one explanation of his absenc Instead of running towards the guard house when aroused by the sentry’s ery the poor fellow had evidently run in the wrong direction and had fallen 400 feet ry waters below, and 'ere we nin to the officer the ible astrophe that occurred, the young appeared carryinga dinner—the first she had ever prepared for her husband. Smiling and half blushin, to the guard house saying. ing, boys, I've brought Jim's dinner. Where is he?” After a hurried consulta- tion with the ofticers we told her that the sergeant-major had sent for Jim, but that he would be back shortly, and while she was arranging her little dinner as tastefully as she could, one man ran off o beg the sergeant-major’s wifg to break the news as gently as possible to the foung widow. By a ruse we persuaded hoer to return to the barracks, where by degrees she was told the cruel story. 1 have often thanked my God that re- mained on duty that day on the heights, for am told that the whole barracks re- sounded with her pitiful screams and sobs. Towards night, worn out with emotions and physically exhausted, she laid down and slept quietly. Now comes the most peculiar part of my little tale, and one which can be vouched for bv thcuwsands of British soldiers. At day- break she arose, drossed herself and walked back to our guard house, She came to the door perfectly calm and up- parently sane. With a pleasant smile sbe bade us good morning, and enquired for her husband. When told that he was re, and pressed to sit down and olf, she replied, “No, thank you, boys, I'm looking for Jim,” and passed on. From guard house to guard house the poor woman walked, always with the same object—looking for Jim—and closed her seurch only when night came, only to repeat the programme the next day. For two long years she hurried from guard to guard, always noemil:‘gl‘y mna great hurry, and although old friends could sometimes keep her chatting a litde while, still she would soon grow restless and hurty on with the excuse that she was ‘‘Looking for Jim.”" Perfectly sane on every other topic, ne amount of re soniug would convince her but what Jim was on guard somewhere. Her strange and pitiful tale was of course known to cvery soldier on the island, and the boys all had a kind word and a smile for her whenever she made her appearance. The officers of the regiment subscribed suf- ficient money to prevent her from wan*- ing anything, and even wished to send her to ‘England, but she would not hear of such thing. Ishall find Jim digectly she would say, and then everything wil be ull right. One morning she was missed from her accustomed haunts and on going to her room she was found worn almost to a skeleton by her hurried wan- derings to and fro, laying on her bed— dead.” Every guard house in Malta was draped in black out of respect to her memory and the regiment which had ve- spected her living, honored her dead. On the following day the funeral took place at Floriana cemetery, large numbers of soldiers attended and her body was low- ered to the grave to the mournful strains of the Dead March, plnged by the regi- mental band. Before the regiment left Malta the soldiers raised a subscription, and visitors to the cemetery can now see over her grave a gleuin White marble cross ou which isinseribed: red to the ory of “'@one to‘l‘o'o‘l Her Jim." ———— Albert Friedlander has invented s portable electric light. It is made by turning plates of carbon and zine into the exoiting fluid by means of a knob. In cmmmm back the light is extin- FREE CHURCHES DEMANDED. The System of Pew Renting Denounced as One of the Devices of the Devil. CHURCH A PLACE OF EQUALITY. Where High and Low, Rich and Poor Should be on th: Levol--The Free Oburch the Means to o Reach the Masses TWritten for the Sunday Bee by M. F. Sorenson, of Denver, No serfous-minded person, who con- templates the state of christianity at the present day, can fail to see that the church does not reach or get hold of the masses. On the contrary infidelity and scepticism, liberalism and socialism seem to be on the increase, and christianity especially in the western states and ter- ritories, as far as the masses are con. cerned, is quielly being cast off. Now, what is the remedy? And how shall the church reach the masses, or rather, how shall the masses be brought into the church? Before answering these questions,let us look back to the first centuries of the church, and we will be struck at the ex- traordinary change, which has taken place in the relation of christianity to what are termed the lower classes of so- ciety. It was to these classes, at the out- set, that the gospel made its most earnest appeal. To the poor, to slaves, to the afllicted and oppressed of every sort, the apostles and other early preachers, prin- cipally addressed their teachings. By this multitudinons class they were heard with the most sympathy, and from their ranks the primitive churches were filled. Christianity first estab- lished itself on the lower strata of the populace, The early church was the church of the catacombs. It burrowed underground before it cmerfi:!(l into day- light, and climbed to high places ot power, The heathen writers of the first two centuries scarcely allude to the christians, and when they are referred to, it is as an ignorant and despised cl. The rich, the powerful and the cultured, if they noticed them at all, regarded them with disdain. The early apologists had to defend the christian cause against the accusation of heinF a religion that started from ‘‘barbarians” and sought acceptance among the vicious and un- learned. Christianity was the religion of the people, and so it continued to be through the middle ages. In this last period, itis true, that all classes, the high and the low, the rich and the poor,were gathered into its fold, but among them were the humblest in worldly rank. Witness the crusades, which were a mighty popular movement for the rescue of the sacred places, Every peasant felt the enthusi- asm that spread like a contagion trom land to land, At present we hear the question raised on every hand: How shall christianity be carried to the masses? How ~ shall the christian faith be brought to bear upon and be kept alive in the large multitude who are devoted to mannal toil, the artisans of the cities, the furming population of the country, the bone and sinew of the land, and how shali it be made to act as an antidote to the restless passions which at times threaten the stability of govern- ments and menace society with convul- sion? ‘This auestion implies that a large portion of the working eclass 1a civilized professedly christian nations, both Roman Catholic and Protestant. are alienated from the christian faith, rebels against its authority, careless alike of its restraints and its hopes. Why this dif- ference between' the later and the earlier ages of the church? How is it that a re- ligion that found its heartiest welcome in the class by whom the comforts, not to say luxuries of existence were pose d 1n & séant measure,is now spurned he corresponding portion of modern ty? With reference to this problem T have but one or ttvo suggestions to offer. The first is that in the ancient Roman empire when christianity was struggling for life aud for conquest, the lower classes had no prospeet 'of relief and solace from any other source. Especially had they no hope of altering'their condition by attack- ing the authority of the state. Revolu- tionary violence against the imperial power that dominated the world, was an 1mpracticable thing, and revolt would have been an act of madness. In the middle ages Roman imperialism had in- deed passed away, ibut the elements of democracy that entered into the organi- zation of the church and affected its priesthood were adapted to enlist the sympathy of the common people. Over against the monarch and rthe feudal lord stood the hierarchi order, which the humblest might aspire to enter, and which not infrequently interposed a shield for the protection of the common man against the tyrrany and exactions ot his Iay-superiors, But in the present age—the church has more frequently been on the side of secu- lar authority—christianity has often been made a prop of despotism. In the great monarchical reaction in Europe after the WATS 0! poleon *‘the throne and the altar” ere the watchwords of the assailants of liberty. In this double interest the ‘“‘Holy Alli- ance” trampled on freedom in Spain and Italy, Meanwhile, at the same time that the people have been conscious of losing the sympathy of their ecclesiastical rulers and teachers, the spirit of democracy has been growing, und has been infusing a consclousnegs of power into the minds of he less favored class. The effect of the ‘rench revolution was not prevented by the temporary reaction of the hostile political theory. To gain their end ‘by the ballot or by armed revolution is deemed vracticable by the disaffected who have abandoned the christian faith. They seak for a remedy and a consola- tion on earth, and not through a spiritual deliverance that must wait for its fruit until they have passed beyond the con- fines of thie life. The second suggestion I would make is that when our Lord established the church on earth it was to be the spiritual home for all—for rich and poor, learned and ignorant, high and low, alike. The Rospel was to be preached to all. But in modern times there has been a tendency, especially so in Protestant countries, to make religious worship and teaching the rrlvuezu, we may almost say the uxury, of the few, while nothing is left to the lower orders but the crumbs that fall from the rich man's table. Hence the masses have become alienated from the church. Go to our larger cities —and how mnng churches are free? The large fashionable churches what are they but religious clubhouses, where the &ews are parcelled out, rented or so'd the iighest bidder, and where the wealth and ‘fashion assemble, because they are ded as the vroper places for the display of social differences? The lecturer, Rev. Joseph Cook, in a lecture alluding to this subject said as follows: *'I suppose that the angei in Bunyan's vision, who saw the muser using a muek rake did not look forward to America. - He might have seen that a muck rake n‘a the front steps of a church used to rake in funds, is_a very excellent piece of furmiture. For what? for a church? Why nott But for u Sunday clubitisa very indispensable piece of furmture, This'ext ganza of ours in Bundsy club palaces, feeling of ours that socia) prestige is more to be re- garded in’ certain churches that right THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: SUNDAY; AUGUST 14, 1887.—~TWELVE PAGES, sianding before Almighty God, this using our Bnndmlnhl as soclal preserv- ers to keep fami in good position— all these are circumstances pointing to peril in time to come, and al rudynflu‘ with disaster.’ At the triennial meeting of the *‘Froe and Open Church association,” held in Chicago during the meeting of the gen- eral convention, Mr. James Parker, of ow Jorsey, said: ‘*That of all the devi- ces put out by the devil, that of the Uis tem of pew rents was the worst. o had alwnys opposed it, and refused to pY rental on principle," t is making merchandise of the house of God, it is contrary to the spirit of the gospel, and _ hin- ders the growth of the church. When one crosses the threshold of God’s house all earthly and class-distinctions fade and dieappear, and God's creatures are equal, 11 the masses are to be brought into our churches they must be made 1rce to all. The church must be the home for all,rich and poor, high and low alike. There are, it 19 trua, mission churches and schools in the larger cities, and all praise is due to those who establish and conduct these enterprises of charit but then they are enterprises of charity, and democracy engenders a pride that makes the independent poor unwilling to be fed in the kitehen. ‘The stardy artisan, the independent laborer, who ~is practically excluded from the fashionable church by the high pew rent, is unwilling to enter the charity church, and thus he goes to neither. But perhnyu we will be met with the question, that if pew rents were abol-- 1shed, how could the lur}w city churches be supported? Time will not permit me to enter upon this question here. [ will almpky say that in order to answer it I woul ain haye to ask you to go back to the primitive ckurch mnd see how it was supported 1n those days; how chris- tians honored God with tithes as well as lip-service, and every one, according to the apostolic injunction, on the first da; of the week laid on tho offertory his of. lormf a8 “the Lord had prospered him.” ‘T'his subject, of course, has its practi- cal diffieulties, but [ am more and more convinced that the first Atu{) toward its 8olution is to make all our churches free —to bring the rich and the poor to walk in the house of God as friends—there to worship the same Heavenly Father in spirit and In trath, s SINGULARITIES. An Ohio tame crow has lived to pass his thirty-second birthday. At Bad Ax, Mich,, the other day a hawk sailed over the baseball field. He was struck by a ball and Instantly killed. Mrs, P, H. Richmyre, of Gilbea, N. Y., aged 82, has just comploted a pair of trous: jers for her husband of ‘80 to play base ball n. A calf in Cassville, Wis., was picked up from A track by a train and carried on the cowcatcher to & vpoint opposite its stable where it jumped off unharned. A Beaver Falls boy was pulled into the river by a fish that took his bait. The boy held on to the pole until he was in danger of drowning, when he let go and swam to the shore. An elzht-pound salmon was recently cap- tured in the river at Williamsport, Pa., by a man named Conner, by striking it a well directed blow with a stick tnat stunned 1t, It had been napping. A party of twelve from Pocatello. ldaho, recently went fishing at Pebble and took over four hundred trout in four hours. They think thatany good fisherman should filla twelve-pound basket in two hours. A Tennessee mountaineer recently found, under a ledge of rocks the sword of a con- tederate officer. 1t proved to have belonged to a captain who was killed in a skirmish, and one of his command hid it that it might not fall into the hands of the union forces, Major Black, of Sumter, Ga., owned a guinea hen that wanted to set. Her nest was broken up several times, and at leneth, with every appearance of extreme dejection, she walked to the well, flew np on’the curbinz and with a rasping crr plunged head first into the water. When she was taken out she was doad. The casualties ot the jubiles procession foot up about 600, Three hundred were ea of fainting, over twenty of sunstroke. B were several broken 1ogs, arms and collar bones, and dislocations. Some people suf- fered concussion of the brain, some had their chests crushed, and others were kicked by horses, A Fnuns: lady and gentleman from the Sixth ward in Elmira, N, Y., were rowing on the river on Saturday evening, when a black bass weighing about a pound leaped from the water, striking the young lady's wrist and badly frightening her, and alighted in the bottom of the boat. Where it was madea prisoner. Sunday morning it was served as the young lady’s breakfast. Mrs. James Hoffses, of North Waldoboro, Me., is the owner of & cat which had a severe lli:hl with a fox one da{ last week. Mrs, Ioffses was standing in her dwelling house door and saw_a fox make his appearance from the woods and come withing two rods of the house. At the same time the cat jumped from the threshoid of the door and the two had a combat. The fox was determ ined to master his prey,but the cat hulnfi a Iarge one and very knowing the fox got his match, The cat overpowered the fox and followed him for some rods, but the fox not being satistied right about face and made for his prey. But the cat being more lierce than ever made the second attack and this time the anunal was glad to disappear in the woods, A comical incident was observed at Con- gress Spring park a night or two ago. There Wwas a very large attendance, and the concert was particularly fine, For a wonder a couple of vigorous dovs had eluded the watchful- ness of the zate keepers and were enjoying the freedom of the parade ground. ' They were not long in tinding each other out, and were on the best of terms, It may have been that Gartland's music “soothed their savage breasts” into unwonted quiet. As soon as it ceased, however, and a_vigorous clapping of hands began by way of applause, the two animals flew at each other with great fury and had as earnest a fizht as if they had becn enemies from puppyhood. The dogs had mistaken the applause as a “sick ’em” from respective champlons, and they fought it out ou that basis, A reporter of the Providence (R. I.) Jour- nal, browsing about between midnight and 1 o'clock one morning recently, saw a man standing near one of the electrie light posts, ou Washington street, waving a long horse- whip back and forth high above his head. He had a fish hook on tha end of the whip, to which was attached a moth miller, and he explained that with this bait he captured the bats that were foraging among the insects around the electric light. He said he gota half dollar aplece for them, and that he had already caught seven that night. He sold them to the taxidermists, and saia that he could get more for them in Boston. He spoke of hiring a man to help him, as he could catch enough then to pay him for ship- llhlz them to Boston, He caught two while he reporter remained to watch the operation, and he picked them off the hook and put thom in a bag that he carried slung across his shoulder. One of the most remarkable feature in hu- man natura is observed in the Young family, of the Salem neighborhood in Oglethorpe, Georgia. Mr. William Young, who lives near Salem, a carpenter by trade, was born with the middle and ring iinger ot his right band together. The joints are perfect, and he finds no inconvenience from the other hand. The remarkable part is that his little baby was born with the same two nngers gm\\'n together, Mr. Young has nine rothers, who have natural fiugers. His father, nor his fatber’s brothers had no sueh freak of nature, yet their only sister has the identlcal fingers ‘on_the same band grown together. His grandfather had three fingers on each hand, and three of each foot {rown together, and as far back as he can raeo the same freak is apparent, but it never developed on but one Iz sach family. — He Made a Neat Hit, Buffalo Courier: “Is there any one live ing here under twenty-one vears of age®" inquired & man who rang the door bell to a Lake street residence the other day. *No, there is not,"" rather sharply re- plied a spinster of eight-and thirty” sum- summers who answered the ring. “Why! Is it possible?” was the reply of the apparently astonished man, *‘don’t you live here?" It was a neat hit, and after a little sim- pering and a brief chat about the weather he maiden gurnhuod two eopies of a work entitled “‘Hints for the Young.” FUNNY THINGS BY JOVIAL MEN A Woman Who Knew Habits. A DECIDEDLY MISPLACED JOKE. The Whirligig of Time--A Neat Hit—An Exploded Theory—1t Was Sengs tor Brown—Busting tho Corner—Smiles, The Farmer. d t:lu Oiiy Derrick, 0ae on & time he used to plow, And rise at dawn to milk the m:l':(ll And drive with merry song and laugh To pasture Brindle an® Ler caugh, Then for the pigs he'd fill the trough And for the market he would be ough Sometimes his mare would bruise her hough Against a fence post or a rough. And there he'd switch her with a bough To teach her better anyhough: He planted wheat to make the dough, Which, in & drought, was hard toxrough. In winter, when his work was through, A little sporting he would dough: 1le'd wander with his gun a d"nhou h And alm at crows he couldn't knough, Sometimes he'd hunt along the clongh For birds that do not ilye ‘hm‘ nough And shoot a seagull or a clough. Which he with joy wou'd proudly stough. From swampland, watered by a lough, He'd make good pasture for his stough }VV laying here and there a slough hile perspiration was his brough, Sotnetimes & snako that shed its slough Would scare him so he'd run and pough Till stuck knee-deep within a slough, He'd yell until he raised a rough, HBut now work makes the farmer cough And, careless hourh much people scough, 1e lives on boarders rough and tough That vough thelgh dough not eat enough. She Knew His Hablts, Dakota Bell: “Seon anything of my hssband?’ demanded a Sioux Falis woman one day this week of an oflicer in front of the post office. ‘*‘No, ma'am; has he disappeared mys- teriously?” “Naw! He came down town the same as usual this morning; but dinner has been ready an hour and 1t's all getting cold and he isn't back yet." “‘You have been to his office I sup- Her Husband's pos ‘‘No, sir, T haven't. I've no time to fool away looking for him there. Say, 1s there a sick horse at any of the livery stables?"” “*Not that I know of.” ‘‘Been any dog flgfhts around lately?"’ “'Haven’t heard of any." ‘“‘Any ten-cent show or target gun in town?” *All gone, madam.” “Any manin n wagon selling brass jowelry?" ‘'Giuess not,” *No fire anywhere in town?" “No." “'No pools heing sold anywhere on some horse¢ or trial going on in a justice conrt ‘“‘Not any, “No man selling medicine on the street, no circus bills just pasted up anywhere, no woman walking a tight rope?"’ ‘‘Not a one.” “‘Well that's peculiar—I can't see where John can be.” “There’s a couple of Frenchmen with a tame cinnamon bear down on Phillips avenue, madam,” ‘“That’s it, that's it--1 didn’t think to ask about tame bears! While the pota- toes are getting cold as a stone he is down there making up a purse of seven- ty-five cents to see the bear climb a tele- graph pole! I'll go right down—you watch and soe if he isn't up to the house inside of ten minutes!” The Whirligig of Time. Washington Critic, The whirligiz of time doth brin; Sur; rlshmc)mn?wg, it is true; One day a man is full of joy; ‘The next he's mighty blue. ‘The ice man now in carriage rides; His style all other efforts mock. The haughty coal man now employs A horse car—or he walks, What Busted the Corner. Last Sunday a favorite local minister was delivering an impassioned account of the destruction of Gomorrah, He thundered away until he disturbed the tired boomers in the front pews. ‘‘What," he shouted, “‘what could be worse than that city’s lot!"’ “If it's a city loi,’ replied a just. awakened man, “I'll give you $75 a foot.” “Eignty!” shouted another speculator in the gallery, aroused by the familiar o ety d anoth *‘Ninety!"” roured another, jumping up. “‘One hundred!" SREEnE And the whole congregation chipped in and would have boomed (Gomorrah clear out of sight had not the sexton with great presence of mind called the worshippers to their senses by passing round the plate. That busted the corner. reck of a Thunderbolt. Chicago Tribune, For full six weeks the hen had sat On two corncobs and a small brickbat, And she looked at the storm, that tierce old fowl, ‘With a tragic cluck and a wrathful scowl, The ]cl('l:ld! grew black and a lightning sh: ) Struck that old hen directly aft, High, high above the thunder then Arose the squawk of the maddened hen. For with savage peck she had met the shock, ‘This crusty, tough old Plymouth Rock, And bounding back with awful jolt Went the ghastly wreck ot a thunderbolt, An Exploded Theory. Life: Fond Father—"Tualk of college not fitting a young man for earning u living! dJust “as soon as Johnny grad- uated he obtained a splendid position,” ri “‘What was it?" her—"First base." Busy Bumble Bee. Charleston Enterprise, ‘The little busy bumble Bee Is buzzing on the wing, With polished point but carefuly Upon his steely sting. The small boy loafing on the lea With hat in hand wili try To bother the busy bumblé bee, And flick him on the fly. The b, b. b. will simply smile— He won’t a second wasto— But that boy’ll be heard about a mile As he humps for home in Laste, cience Make Cowards of Us All. San Francisco Wasp: The great mesl merist and miod reader had hired a hal- on Post street and people flocked to his exhibition, Among others, Frank took his little innocent Hazel to the entertain- ment. She appeared uncomfortable for awhile, and at length came ont with: *'Oh, Frank, dearest, can he really read veople's thoughtsy 3 Ll nl'l, Iguessso; at any ratche's going o try." *“Then, dear, let us get out of here right be now; for if he reads mine I shall turned out anyway." The Bicycler. Now Is the time, in particular, When the festive youn rider biey cular, Strikes the stone rockular, In a way very jocular, And lollnx‘lhls pose perpendicular, Alights on his northeast auricular. The Gree Monster. Texas Siftings: Old Nace, who keeps a corned beef and cold cabbage hashery on the upper end of Austin is famous for his stinginess. He is also noted for his young mulatto wife, who 18 suspected of having married the old man for his money. Not long since Uncle Mosc met old Nace and perceived ut ouce that there was somothing the matter with the tinguished caterer. 3 “What's de matter, Nucet Got de rhue matics agin?'* 4 “*Wusser don dat." . “1 sposo hits de toofacho what's hol“n yer mouf outer shape. $ ‘‘Hits my wifo's mouf what's bodderin® mo. She “has been a-kissin' P 1 Whangdoodle Baxter, who am boa wid me," “Unpossibul!" “Dar's no unpossibul about hit, bes case I seod him myselt.”’ b 'What yor gwine tor do about hit? * “What kin T do? Ef I let de oat out bag dat I has lost conferdence in Ps Whangdoodle, B: his boardin' house. The picnic and the thunder shower Are always found together. His Praisoworthy Object, Dotroit I'ree Press: A barn-storming actor who is passing his summer in De: . troit, wa: approached by a friond the other duy with: _hear you have a new snap®" . *Yes; I'm going to the country towad with a new play.’ *'Going to organize a company?” “Oh, yes." 3 “‘What are the prospeots?'® A “Well, rathor dubious, It's a poor - play, the weather is hot, and my people . are abominable, " “Then you are sure to fail?" g N “I expect to." i But why do you go? What can be ;‘ object 4 ‘he object is, my dear follow, to use up $400 which an amateur playwright is willing to let go of just now." ) = She Did Not Rebuke He Sald a maid, “1 will marry for lugre, And her scandalized ma almost shucr But when the chance came, And she told the good dame, 1 notice she did not rebucre, A Misplaced Joke. Detroiy Froe Press: “I want the bj gest and best watermelon in that lot,! said, as he surveyed a great pile of water- melons in front of a Woodward avena grocory. ‘Yes, sir—hero 1t is—best melon I've | seen this year.” “Plug it,'’ was the brusque command, *'Yes, sir—splondid red core. Shall I put it on ice?” 3 ‘T'he purchaser drew from his pooket & flask of port wine and proveeded to pour the contents into the oritice. The melon readily obsorbed the Jiguid, and when the plug was replaced the man chuokled: “He! he! he! 1 want that melon zent to —-, the temperance fanatic! Say noth. ing, and it will be n big joke on him." | A couple of days !ater the man came i around to the store again and asked: 4 “‘Waell, the melon was sent up?” “On, yes.'" *And the boy didu't give my little plod away?” 3 **Oh, no, but we heard from it."* ! “You did! He! he! he! What did he say?" “He and his family were off up the i lake, but the hired girl and conchman | said it was the finest melon they ever pus | tooth into!" The Picknicker, Every plenicker hates. With a hatred intense, The man who putup That barbed wire fence.| It Was Senator Brown, Secretary Mosely, of the interstate commission was trying to keep cool oneg sultry afternoon last week when a meek looking old gontleman, with long white beard and general mimsterial alr, ons tored and inquired for the clerk of the A commission, \: | *‘l am the secrotary,’” snid Mr. Mosley, \\ ‘“‘what can 1 do for you?" T'he old gentleman eaid he would like | to get a copy of the long and short haul § §i decision. This was handed him, the seo: | retary wondering what this country preacher wanted with it. ‘You look warm,” said Mr. Mosely, ‘‘won’t you take aseat near the window and cool off?" “Thanks,” was the reply, “‘1 don't care it 1 do.” After & few moments silence the old gentlemen ventured to ask: “What. part of the country are you from¢" ;‘l ama Yankee—come from Massachus setts."” Then his Yankee curiosity asserted itsclf and he said, ‘‘Where do you live?™ ‘'In Georgia,” was the reply. re you interested in railroads?” es; 1 am president of one of them, My name is Brown "Are you ml{ relative of old Senator Joo Brown? I'have always had a desire to see him,” “Yes; I am slightly related to him,” was the roply, ‘“‘and I think I might say that I am the gentleman himself." Mr. Mosely now says that he wishes public men would wear badges to desig- nate their oftice. s EDUCATIONAL. 3 In reality, tho applinnces of education count for little in comparison wiih lhelm\ 'ol erial upon which they are to be utlls 0 The Carthege Republican says the scl mal of that part of the country are dressed and xoml»louklnfi. and are noy u vrepared to trade a good" position and per month for a 82 dude. ‘[he cost of teachers’ board in some of the: Maine towns, as reported to the snperinten- dent ot schools, presents some interes figures, In Bingham pedagogues are boat for §1 per week, and in Concord for 92 cents. | | In sharp contrast to the retrogression of educational ideas down in Georgia ©comes the action of the Dartmouth medical sehooly where a colored student, J. P. Haynes, Galveston, Tex., has just been appol demonstrator of anatomy, ‘Those who are insisting un keeping school open all through the hot month September should remember that most of th successful men of the present generation thelr education in schools which ovened in October or later and closed in April or earlior, With all the wise things said and written on the subject of education, it would seem as if the children of the " sent gen might be educated to a plane of perfection, But in the mania to make a perfect system of oar public schools the spirit of education Is in danger of being lost. Inone wayand another there are hum- | dreds of boys to-day, manly, independens, self-rellant and datermined, who are forelng. trom untoward circumstancs the edncation which they desire, not from its maney yalug in the K of after life, but dacause eduoss lmn’ln and of 1tsel 1 to them tho supremest good i Merrill of Brooklyn, whose ed such universal no- oke seme-centennial, hag A possiple Successor of Miss Kreman as president of Wellasley ool loge. She is a lady of the most commanding nce, rare conversational abilities, wome i pre: dmllnl executive ability and a very brilisnt writer, Itis said by some writcr on the subls that education Is nine parts inspiration and one part drill. — Rev. T. T, Munger says, his ‘article on ‘“‘Education and Socl Progress,” published in the June Gentury, “With all the improvements there 1 a tons dency to specialization that looks away from the ideal of edication, so that we are getting admirably informed men instead of compres hensive thinkers.” I The fact that the higher education is being it more and niore zealously and success- fully every year, by young men absolutel without n ‘is more plainly apparen pople at the east than it is in the west, A he majority of the best Known institutions I{ylnu there, that becomes the fleld of aeti or those who have none to depend flxou themselves, And it Is mmm{ astonishing, well as most eucouraging to the Ameri see how every swmmer brings out its host students eagor 80 to employ their vacation to permit a retarn, a few months Iater, to class room and she lecture hall. ‘I'he you! fetlow for whom the college year cli ) ' a0 _empty purse, starts for the coun find Lbom healtl and - pecuniary relu! 3 went