Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 26, 1887, Page 6

THE DAILY BEE. COUNCIL BLUFFS OFFICE, NU. 12, PEARL STREET. Delivered by earvrier ;n any part of the city at twenty cents per weok. H.W.Tirow, « - = TELEPHONES: Burinees Orrice, No. 43 Niont Emiton No. 23 Manager. MINOR Y.Plumbing Co. Reiter, tailor. Summer goods chean. Thomas Mooha was yesterday tined for disturbing the peace. Fine coupes for ladies calling. Wm., Lewis, telephione 128, Oflice 419 Broad way. re have been 1,600 pounds of solder used in the building of the county’s new court house. The city marshal is prodding those who have not paid their annual license, the year being up July 1. The K. & P. nine defeated the Garner club yesterduy by 13to 1. The winning club is contemplating a contest with the Mayne club within a week, The funeral of the little son of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Peregoy will be held at 10 this morning from the family ce, No. 726 First avenue. le of tickets for Langtry will commence Wednesday at 9 o'clock. This is the first time this celebrated actress has visited Council Blu Charles Smith and J. Thomas were ar- rested for fighting near the transfer, Smith was discharged and Thomas had to foot the bills, which amounted to §10. There was a crowd of offenders to be disposed of in the }ml court yesterday morning. Most of them were ordinary cases of too much drink and too little work, The front of the building occupied by the Council Bluffs Savings bank is being remode and new plate glass being put in, It will be a handsome front when completed. County Clerk Shea has received from Wither's farm 1n Kentucky s thorough- bred mare, a beauty, ‘“Vanity Fair,” which promises to be "very speedy. She is a valuable animal. Special communication of Bluffs City lodge, No. 71, A.F. & A. M., this Tues- day evening, July 26. Work on first de- firee. Visiting brethren cordially invited. y order of the W. M. The trouble among the guards seems about settled. The company last night was drilling as usual on Pearl street, in front of the Bre office, and Captamn Messimer was in command. The plans of the new fire house are drawn. It is to be located on the site of No. 4's Yremmt building on Broadway. The building will be brick, 256x120 feet. It will be two stories, with five stalls on the first loor, and sleeping rooms above. This evening there will be a meeting at the Y. M. C. A. rooms of all intereste the establishment of a chautauqua as- sembly here. The enterprise as planned is extensive, and will need the hearty co- operation of many in order to make it a success, Leave to marry was James H. Stanwood and Smuth, both of Omaha, made happy by the ofti n of a Coun- cil Blufls ‘magistrate--Frank Barbeau and Miss Lulu Hansen--'Squire Briggs tying the knot. W. N. Young's daughter Maude, aged about twelve years, died yesterday after- noon about 5 o'clock. She had: been seriously ill for some time, and two weeks ago her life was dispaired of, but she rallied and there were hopes of her recovery. A relapse, a sudden simiing and death came quickly. The ccilings of the two court rooms of the county’s new house are about com- leted. On oue of them the decorators ave already commenced work., The plasterers are rapidly covering the walls. Other workmen are engaged in putting the finishing parts onto the tower. The carpl:snters will soon have a chance to work, lyeslcrdny iven Miss May Alice Arother couple ——— For rupture or herniui all and get Dr. Rice’s new invention. 1t makes a man of you in five minutes. No. pain. No. 11 Pearl street. For female diseases and chronic dis- eases of all kinds, call on Dr. Rice, No. 11 Pearl street, Council Blufts, Iowa. -—— Personal Paragraphs. John T. Stewart has returned from the east. Mrs. Prof. McDermid is visiting her mother and friends at Lincoln. Her son, Howard. accompanies her. Mrs. A. P. Hanchett i3 quite ill with fever. She was some better yesterday, and hopes are entertained of a speedy recovery. Mr. Adams, late of the Omaha Herald, is to assume the duties of the city editor of the Nonpariel, while Coi. Copson takes a needed rest. Superintendent Wyckoff, of the institu- tion for the deaf and dumb, is in Illinois, where he has been quite ill with typhoid fever. He is now recovering rapidly, and hopes to be able to return here by the latter part of the week, E. Rosccrans, an old citizen, sold his residence on Bancroft street, during the beginning of the boow, for $4,500, With the cash in hand he started for Califor- nia, where he has bought a hotel. Re- vorts are to the effect that he is making money rapidly. L ‘When you are 1n the city stop at the Pacific_house. Street cars pass the door every fifteen minutes for all the depots. Meals 50 cents each. ——— Polsoned by Corn Beef. A family named Robinson, living at the corner of Mill and Center streets, is suffering from poisoning supposed to be caused by eating corn beef, which was bought already prepared for the table. Soun after partaking of 1t one of the daughters was thrown into violent spasms, Others of the family were less sor“msl_\ affected. All are now doing well. —— J. W. & E. L. Squire’s abstract books Aro g marvel of systematic accuracy. Have yov seen their new lien book; 1t 18 & monster and contains 900 pages. Pacific house is the nearest hotel to the majority of real estate oflices in the city; $3 per day. “A Fare Knockdown." Garrie Lawlor, one of Welsh's hack drivers, was arrested yesterday, charged with embezzlement, It was claimed that he had been failing to turn over the farcs received by him for the pase few daye, and had been “‘blowing" the money in. The affair was fixed up In some Way, and the driver let go. It is understood that he made good the amount claimed by his employer, —————— At the Pacific house you will save from boc to $1 per day. ry it and be con- vinced. Al Too Fond of Horses. Sheriff Dan Fuarrell was here yesterday with a prisoner, Henry W hitmer, who bad taken a change of venue from Mills to this county. nitmer is under indict- ment for horse stealing, and will remain in the county jail here until the next term of court, ——— One thousand head of one, two and three-year-old steers for sale. Will give credit to reliable parties. Enquire of A, J. Greenamayer, 628 Mynster st., tele- THE BATTLE OF THE KEGS. It Is Renewed With an Openiag Fire of notion Argumente, DEATH OF TWO OLD SETTLERS. Mrs, Joseph at Last Given Matrimon- ial Freedom=Decisions in Uncle Sam’s Court—A Merry Party Watching the Regatta, The Injunction Cascs, Judge Carson sat yesterday patiently tening to the arguments in the saloon cases, There are many of these, and while they are divided up in classes, in- volving in some respects different quos- tions, yet in the main they are of the same general character. The argnments made yesterday involved principles which aflected all the cases more or less. The chicf battle was, however, in regard to Maloney & Frum, of the Pacific house billiard rooms. A petition had been filed asking for a temporary writ of in- {uuuuun _against them, and making being this brought relations of the the oceupants of charged with — selling liquors in ation of law. Jacob Sims appeared for the state, “alias Overton,” as Colonel Sapp termsat. On the other side where Supp & Pusey, Mr. aldens and Mr. Mynster. In support demurrer it was clanmed that the ptition fur an injunction could not be cted against the owner of property, it was alleged that he acted in col- lusion with the men who were selling the liquor, or that it was with his knowledge and consent that the property was thus used for illegal purposes. The petition not alleging cither of thes nditions, the demurrer should be, sustained. The attorneys claimed that the owner of such property was, under the prohibition law, authorized to cancel a lease after a tinal hearing of an injunction against a tenant, but there was¢ no authority for his cancelling a lease before a final hear- mg. L was declured absurd to issue a temporary writ against the owner of the property, restraining him from having any liquor sold in his place, so long as & tenant was in posses- sion, and the ‘owner had no power to throw him out. It amounted simply to compelling the owner to_sit down in his building with a club, and keep the ten- un from selling any strong drink. After a final hearing the owner had power to cancel the lease, but having no such rower before, it was not right to place him under an order of court compelling him to do Aomuthin;fi which he could not do. In regard to the injunctions issued against buildings, the attorneys for the defendants, and especially Mr. Haldene, made such injunctions agyeargvery ridie- ulous. He illustrated his idea by suppos- ing that in case of a dead dog being a nuisance, a judge should issue an injunc- tion restraining the dog from giving forth an unpleasant oder. The dog was inani- mate, and would continue to emit its smell to high heaven. 1t was equally absurd to issue an injunction against a pile of brick and mortar, restraining it from allowing itself to be used as a place for the sale of liquors. The brick and mor- tar could not help itself. The mjunction could not in gm)tz sense issue against an inanimate object, and could only issue against the owner of the property. It could not be directed towards the owner unless alleged that he was willingly a party to maintaining the nuisance. Mr. Sims cited authority showing that the supreme court had decided the que: tion, and in his favor. Just such a peti- tion as that in controversy had been in the contest for two years, and had stood in every court and every case. The questions were taken under ad- visement by Judge Carson. The con- tempt of court chses were continued until Wednesday. It is not expected that there will be anything very definite resulting from this legal warfare until the close of the week, and perhaps not then. Every possible question is being raised by the acfense. e The Oid Settlers Dying. Two of this county’s oldest residents were buried Sunday. One C. W. Mec- Intosh, of Crescent township, was aged 71 years, and had resided here since 1848, The other, Henry Wade was a resident of Boomer township, and had resided in this county for over forty years. He was a father-in-law of Hon. L. 'S, Axtell. A demurrer made a defendant about a discussion of th owners of propert which were —~ Mrs, Joseph Wins, One of the dirtiest family washings ever hung on the court line was that of Joseph ys. Joseph, Each charged the other with infidelity, and the details of their home troubles were mired fully at the trial some weeks ago. Judge Carson has been thinking over the matter, and ?'ostorduy decided to give Mrs. Joseph ier desired freedom, and also to give her the custody of the child. She lives in Omaha, while her husband remains here in the employ of one of the agricultural implement houses. e Uncle 8am's Court, F. M. Hunter, clerk of the United States court, yesterday received two de- cisions from Judge Love. One was in the case of A. J. Crittenden vs. the Fire- men’'s Fund Insurance compy. In this case & trial by jury resulted in the plain- tift's favor, but & motion was made for a new trial. Judge Love overrules this motion, thus aflirmmng the judgment in Mr. Crittenden’s fayor. Mr. Critten- den had the policy in controversy as- signed him, it being upon property be- longing to Mr. Cregier, at Logan, who turned the insurance over to his creditors, ‘The other case in which & decision was rendered was that involving the Me- Mahon property, which was recently foreclosed under a mortgage. Judge Love orders a stay of proceedings until a further hearing can be had_at the next term of court, which opens September 1. el Watching the Regatta. A merry party filled the sleeper which went out from here Sunday night for the Spirit Lake regatta, The party consis- ted of Annie Bowman, Stella Bullard, J. J. Shea and wife, Mrs. Weis and daughter, E. H. Merriam and wife, Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Odell, Miss, Oliver, Johu Plumer, F. T, Seibert, Charles Haas, C. H. Coover, W, H. Olemacher, H. C. Cory, Fred Loomis, Mrs, Bullard and daughter, F. J. Day, wife and two nieces, F. A, Sprufuu Herman Buerdorf, Miss Farns- worth, Lizzie Brown, Fannie Falker, George A. Crane and daughter, Miss Campbell, Mrs, Hess. s (Other agents may talk as hard as they please - abont the Hardman piano. It gets away with them for all that. Those vinnos are hard to beat. The Mueller Music company sell alwaflonly the best. el ondl The Story of a Lost Watch. Philadelphia Call: “For some time," said the doctor, I have been rttending # colored man on Wood street. There was no money in the case, but a true L)hyvicmu never thinks of that, and I ept pegging away at my man until 1 got him on the turn, Then he fell back again and 1 began to think his mind was diseased—that is, that he was brooding oyer something, and that plays the mis- chief with medicine. You take the case of a beautiful girl who loses her hair from l THE OMAHA DAILY BikE: TUESDAY, JULY 26. 1887. feve. Her recovery is retarded for weeks if you give her a looking-glass. “Well, I kept quiet and mado myself friendly, and one day the secret ¢ame out ilv waited nntil he was alone with me, and then he asked me to go t closet in the room and hunt up a bls stocking. I did so and handed it to bim, and he took therefrom something that looked like a bundle of rags. Removing the rags disclosed a roll of p tied with old twine, and insi de chamois, and inside of that gold wateh, 1 had been watching these procecdings with consideraple interest, and whea I saw the watch 1 jumped at once to the conclusion that my patient about to make restitution for a rob- I was mistaken. You's away off, boss,’ said he, with a dently read my thoughts. ‘I didn't sto at watch; I found 'um. I picked up that watch 'bout a year ago on the corner of Thirteenth and Market, near Wannymaker's, and [ want to give 4 ack before I die,” The story looked fishy, but it all turned out naturally enough when I questioned him. He foand the watch and brought it home and told no one about 1t for fear of being robbed, He didn’t advertise it becuuse he had no monoy to pay for the adver. tisement, and he didn’t read the papers to see if a reward had been offered, sim- ply because neither he nor any of his i ) So he hid the watch and did nothing at all. amined the watch ‘and saw that tady’s wateh, and ble. On inside of the cas engraved a date and the e ‘Sarah tilda Shr Here was a el ‘What do you want me to do with t 1 asked, He replied that 1 was to find the owner, and return the wateh with or without re- and he secmed actually grateful as Lit away. [ reiined to my oftice I got direetory and wrote a I ¢ Shreve in the city, dozen, detailing the circur asking for Sarah Matilda, The next day I got u letter from a Shreve, telling me that the ow ner of the watch was now the wife of a prominent citizen—never mind hig name—and lived at Seventeenth and H That afternoon I ecalled on , told my story, and she identif, watch beyond question and told how she lost jt coming from Broad street sta- ti She was gratified ot its recovery, and surprised when she heard where it had been for a year, and Iam happy to say that her gratitude did not stop at words. The next day she called to see my patient, and Ieft a liberal present behind her, and she has been a regular caller ever since. The result is that my man is geotting well, and it looks now asif his modest future was assured. I tell you this story just toillustrate what good policy iionesty is. He might have real- ized $20 by selling the watch, but he re- sisted the temptation, and he will re ten times that amount now. think there is & good sound moral to this story.” e Adventures With the Grizzly Bear. Harper’s Magazine for August: Few persons belie vzly will attack a a man before he is himself attacked. I was one of these doubting Thomases until s ago, when was thoroughly by occular demonstration that g ies, at least, will attempt to make a meal oft a man even though he may not have harmed them previously. We were hunting in the Shoshone moun: tains in northern Wyoming. 1 had Killed a large elk in the morning, and on going back to the carcass in the afternoon to skin it we saw that bruin had been there ahead of us,but had fled at our approach. Without the least apprehension of his re- turn, we leaned ou rifles against a tree about fifty feet away, and commenced work, There were three of us, but only two rifles, Mr. Huftman, the photograph- er, having left his in camp. ished taking views of the carca were all busily engaged skinning, wher, hearing a crashing in the brush and a series of savage roars and growls, we looked up the hill, and were horrified to see three grizzly bears, an old female and two cubs about two-thirds grown, charging upon us with ll the savage fury of a pack of starving wolves upon a sheep-told, They were between us and our rifles when we first saw them, and we sprang to our horses, which were picketed a few yards below, supposing, of course, that when the bears reached the elk carcass they would proceed to eat 1t, and pay no further attention to us. Strange 1o say, it was the carcass to which they paid no attention. They still came after us; we had no time for fight, and could not even release and mount our terror- stricken horses. Our only chance was to fight for our lives, and with one accord we all three grasped our hunting-knives and dashed at them. We threw our hats and yelied hike Comanches, and the sav- age brutes, secing themselves thus boldly confronted by equal numbers, stopped, raised on their haunche: growled, snapped their jaws for a moments, and then w sullenly b: up the hill into the brush. This gave u an opportunity to get hold of our ritles, and then it was our turn to charge. To make a long story short, we killed the old female and one cub; the other escaned into the jungle before we could got & shot at him. The resolute front we put on alone saved our lives. The grizzly is partially nocturnal in his habits, and apparently divides his labor of obtaining food and his traveling about equally between day and night. It 1snot definitely known to what age he lives in his wild state, :but he is supposed to attain {o twenty-five or thirty years. Notwithstanding the great courage and ferocity of this formidable beast, he will utter the most pitable groans and howls when seriously or mortally wounded. Another instance of a ;.'ir zzly making an unprovoked attacked upon aman was vouched for by a man whom I know to be strictly truthful. Two brothers were prospecting in a range of moun- ins near the head-waters of the Stink- ink Water river. The younger of the two, though an able-bodied man, and able of doing a good day’s work with a pick or shovel, was a weak-minded and the elder brother never allowed him to go any distance away from camp or their work alone. He, however, sent him one evening to a spring, a few rods off,to bring a kettleful of water. The spring was in a deep gorge, and the trail to it wound through some fissures in the rock. As the young man passed under o shely rock, an immense old fem that had taken up tempoi there, reached out and struc T ful blcw at his head, but fortunately could not reach far enough to do him any serious harm. The blow knocked his hat off, and her claws caught his scalp and laid it open clear across the top of his head in_several ugly gashes. The force of the blow sent him” spinning around, and not knowing enough to be frightened, he attacked her savagely with the only weapon he had at hand—the camp kettle. The elder brother heard the racket, and, hastily catching up his rifle, found his brother vigorously bela- boring the bear over the head with the camp kettle, and the bear striking at him savage blows, any one of which, if she could have reached him. would have torn his head from his shoulders, Three bul- lets from the rifle, fired in rapid succes- sion, loosened her hold upon the rocks, and she tumbled lifelessly into the trail, , and we P — General Donaldson's Mistake, From The Century for August, we uote the following war anecdote, by R. ?l. Eddy: Prior to the battle of Nash- ville, Major General James L. Donald- son (who won honors in the Mexican war, and who died in the spring of 188), was quartermaster under General Thomas. He once told me the following incident: Having occaslion to purcbase mules for He had fin- | § HARKNESS BROS. 40| Poart REAL ESTATE. Vacant Tots, Farms, Acre All selling cheap. R. P. OFFICER, Real Estate & Insurance Agent, Room 5, over Ofticer & Pusey's Bank, Counci Bluts, Tands, City Reeldences and perty in western part of city, Star Sale Stables and Mule Yards. Broadway, Council Bluffs, Opp. Dummy Depot. “pajuesaadey S8 pojURIIRA YOUIS ITY Horses and mules constantly on hand for sale at retail or in car load lots. Orders promptly filled by contract on short notice. Stoc! ) “Telephone 114, JOLEY. Opposite Dummy Depot, Council Bluffs. LATEST NOVELTIES In Amber, TortoiseShell ete.,Hair On naments, as well as the ' newest nov- eltiesin hair goods. »> Hair goods madeto order Mrs. C. L. Gillette 20 Main St., Council Bluffs, lowa. Out of town work solicited, and all mail orders promptly attended to, Finest Landaus Coaches and Hacks in City. WILLIAM WELCH, OFFIC] No. 418 Broadway—The Manhatian, Telephone No. 8 Na. 615 Main Street, Telephone No, 9 ST.FRANCIS ACADEMY Cor. 5th Ave. & Tth St., Council Bluffs, One of the Educational Institu- tions in the west. Boarding and day school conducted by the Sisters of Char- ity, B. V. M. Board and tuition for a term of five months, §75. For further particulars address 'ER SUPERIOR, Francis Academy, Council Blufts, Ta, the army, he ordered a person in whom he had contidence to visit the contiguous northern states, madvertent], ying to him, “Buy as many as you can’—not supposing he would be “able to secure more than a few thousand at the most. Some weeks afterward, just before the attack upon Hood's army, General Don- aldson, on meeting his ngent, inquired how many mules he had been able to se- cure. To the amazement of the general he was informed that 20,000 or more had been obtained. Upon which the astonished eneral exclaimed: “Iam a ruined man! shall be court martiai and driven from the army for not limiting youin the purchase. You have procured many times more than I had any idea or inten- tion of purchasing; but the fault is not mine, not yours. I ought to have been particular "in my orders.” In an ex- tremely disheartened state he went to his home believing that such a thought- less act on his part could nof looked by the commanding gen b He had scarcely reached his house be- fore a messenger came from General Thomas for General Donaldson to come immediately to headquarters. This seemed to be the sealing of his fate, and in a state of trepidatiom bordering on frenzy he appeared before General Thomas, whom he found in a mood, an- parently, of great depression. Soon af- ter Donaldsou had entered his presence General Thomas said: “Donaldson, how many mules have you?” W tubation he replied, twenty-five thousand.” thousand, did you say®" repeats eneral. “Is it possible that you have this number? Donalson, accept my artfelt thanks; you have saved this army! 1 can now have lrnnslwrulmn and can fight #ood, and ['will do so at once,"” Ired NCor 16"Y Tarna 4 SPECIAL NOTICES. IWOTICE. Special advertisements, such as Tost, Found %oLoan, For Bule, To Rent, Wants, Boarding, etc., will be ed in this column nt the low rateof TEN CEN'I'S PER LINE for the first inser- jonand ive Cents I'er Linofor each subsequent ingortion, Leave adverlisements at our offica No. 12 Pearl stiect, near Broadwuy, Council Blufts. instrument, irondway. OR SALE=Gasoline 8tove, a hase burnor coal stoyo, carpets and furniture. No. 307 Broadway. Brags hub banc. Suitable rew at Beo office, Councal Bluffs, or ore, Omnhu. 7ANTED — Bituation as bookkeeper by oung man who can give satisfactory re 08 18 to expericace, hubits und responsi- G. D. Hee office, Council Blutfs. VWV ANTED -Situation s ealesman in grocery storo. Ieferenges given. D, U. T., Beo office, Council Biuffs! W ILL soll two on long time or will trade for hors am Lowis. FJITSALE»Or Trade—Bix_sections of good land in Lincoln county, Neb., on U, P. Gaell Bros. & G railway. Call on or addres: 103 Penrl st., Council Bluffa, /7 Hus a complete line of Midsummer Millners, Large hats in white, black and all colors. Pat tern bonnets, huws and toques, a specialty. No 1514 Douglas st., Omaha, CROCKERY, LAMPS, GLASSWARE, ——AND— FINE POTTERY. Prices Very Low, W. 8. HOMER & Co., NO. 23 MAIN ST, COUNCIL BULUFFS, 14: Creston House, Main Street, Council Bluffs. Only Hotel in the City with Fire Escape. Electric Call Bells. Accommodations First Class, And Rates Reasonable Max Mohn, Proprietor BEST LIGHT LIVERY IIT TEIE CITY. The finest of driving horses always on hand and for sale by _ MASE WISE. ESTABLISHED 1868 D. H. McDANELD & COMPANY, Hides, Tallow, Pelts, WOOL AND FURS, Highest Mml t Prices. Promp R-turns, 820 and 822 Main Street, Council Bluffs, Towa. E. S. BARNETT, Justice ot the Peace, 415 Broadway, Council Bluffs, Refers to any bank or business house in the city, Collections a specialty. JOHN Y. STONE STONE & SIMS, Attorneys at Law. Practice in the State and Federal Courts Rooms 7 and 8 Shugart-Beno Biock. CounciL BLu¥rs JACOB SIMB OFFICER & PUSEY, BANKERS 500 Broadway, Council Bluffs,Towa. Established 1867, N. SCHURZ, Justice of the Peace, Ottice over American Express, No. 419 BROADWAY BROADWAY, COUNCIL BLUFFS. CLOSING OUT ALL Summer Dress Goods, White Goods Parasols, Gloves, Mitts, Hosiery, Etc., Etc. CARPETS, Are Large and Well Selected Our Patterns are Choice and Quality the Best. New Goods are arriving and inyite inspection A FULL LINE OF Juace Curtains, CURTAIN DRAPERIES, SHADING ETC, ETC, Work Done by Competent Workmen. Hail Orders Promptly Attended To ITAREEITESS BRCOS., 401 Broadway, Council Bluffs. N. B.---Special attention given all orders by mail. BEST MAKES AND HIGHEST GRADES OF Pianos and Organs Persons wishing to purchase instruments will find it to their interest to call on us. Instruments Tuned and Repaired. We never faill to give satistaction, Over 20 years’ Experience in Piano and Organ Work. Swanson Music Co. No. 829 Broadway, Council Blufls, Towa C. J. COLBY, H_%I Estate Broker and Dealers f , Masoni¢ mple. Omaha Oitice, No 111 North i6th stre Particular attenti glven to in. g funds for resi- nrgaul & Omaha & Cd BECHTELE'S NEW HOTEL. LOCATION, THE BEST, FIRST CLASS TABLE, SAMPLE ROOMS and ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES! Regular :: Boarders :-: Reduced :-: Rates. SPECIAL PRICES for 30 DAYS On Furniture, Household Goods, Stoves, etc, to make room for Fall Stock. Goods Sold on Installments. A.J. MANDEL, - - Nos, 323 and 325 Broadway. Council Bluffs, Iowa. A. RITNIK, No. 2zor Main St., Council Bluffs, Iowa, A CO ASSORTMENT Fancy and Staple Groceries Both Domestic and Foreign,