Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 21, 1887, Page 5

' - > -———— - ONJUST FREICAT RATES. Thay Are Higher In Nebraska Then In Minnesota or Towa: HOW THE FARMERS ARE ROBBED . The State Railroad Commission Sub- mits & Table to the B. & M. Man- agement, Kxposing the Outrage and Protesting Againast 1t, [FROM TITE DER'S LINCOLN RUREAU.| The most interesting statistics yet pre- pared by the railroad commission and that tell a tule of exorbitant freight rates in Nebraska have just been com- piled and a copy transmitted to the man- agement of the B. & M. railroad. These figures are a comparative table of local freight rates, in which Nebraska rates arve compared with those of lowa and Minne- sota, The prepared table gives the distance tariff on the various classes of freight in Towa, Minnesota and Nebraska, the clas- sitication being practically the same in each state, except that many articles, such as drain tile and others, are in the “K" class in Nebraska, whereas in lowa and Minnesota upon these articles there is a special commodity tariff ot freight, which is generally one-half the rate charged on **D)" class. In this prepared table it Is shown that on first-class freight the ratg charged 1n Nebraska is uniformly higher than in Iowa, and as the distance 1n- creases, higher than Minaesota on this class, and in most cases the rate charged 2 on fourth-class freight in fowa and Min- nesota is 60 per cent of the rate charged on first-class freight, while in Nebraska the freight rate on fourth-class is about 80 per cent of the rate charged on first- class. Why Nebraska people should have ex- torted from them 30 per cent difference over the the two classes more_than the road dare charge in lowa or Minnesota is a question worth consideration. The commission in their statement to the company say: ‘‘When it is consid- sidered that a large portion of the com- modities consumed by the farmers and others in this state are shipped a8 fourth- class freight, the wrong and injustice done the people of the state will be llel’enl when compared with Jowa and Minnesota, and a patient study and consideration on the part of the rate making authorities of your road is re- spectfully requested, and your aid solic- ited and requested to reduce your rates in Nebraska to correspond in “some de- gree with the rates 1n Iowa and Minne- sota. The table ot comparison distance tar- iffs 10 the three states is complete and the comparison is mado on mileago, the table showing the rates charged in the threo states on all the different classes of freights in distances of from five to 300 miles, It will be sufficient to note onlly; a fow of these comparisons from the table to show the public the extortion prac- ticed by the B. & M. 1n Nebraska in local rates. FIRST-CLASS FREIGHT. iles. alf of all articles con- which over one- .sumed are shipped,the discrepancy looms up majestically and shows that the Ne- & braska special high tariff is placed wiere * it will produce the most for the company. FOURTH-CLASS FREIGHT. fifterward charges the following com; CLASS * for them by retailers, Arison is given: State. Towa... Minnesots Nebraska. Minnesot; Nebraska . Iowa... . Minnesota v, Nebraska These oxcmru from the tableare sufficient to show what Minnesota. ~ Thoy are tigures taken from rate sheots and are unassailable. The commission in company tarifl of Ju sideration rates cl Nebras| wrged in - Lowa, lower than on your branch lines. The fact to which your attention is specially called is that your fourth-class rates, which include ‘about 50 per cent of all articles by the farmers, cent owa and Minne- your attention is called to the fact that the rate charged on fourth class freight is about 80 per cent of the first freight shipped, and consumed or used are on an aver: higer than the rate in gota, and most 30 por class rate, whereas in lowa and Minne. sota the fourth class rate is 50 per cent of the first cluss rate. This makes a ver exorbitant rate for Nebraska on agricul- tural implements in car load lots, and farmers' freights when compared with rates in the other two states. Your rate of freizht on fi than in lowa in most cases. of the goods used or consumed in Ne. braska are shipped 1n this class, tue relief afforded the people is simply a delusion when taken in connection with the fac that on the &nun bulk of your freigh your rate is owa or Minuesota. in she case of coal shipped into this state in ciass "D, we wish to erll you sttention to the fact that in lowa, Kan. sas and Minnesota, cos cial class or given as less than in Nebraska. sents for the same distance. ‘Again, the rate on Logs, catfle and load lots comes under class “*A," and as the rate on these &oods 15 of dircct bes®ing on the prices d compiled Ne- braska people sufter in local ratss com- pared with people who live in Iowa or forwarding these facts make the following statement to the nowledge the receipt of your 1 and submit for your con- e comparative statement of Minnesota and We have taken your tarifl rate from Lincoln west over your main line for 300 miles, where your rates are stelass would scem to be about the same as the rate in Minnesota and about 30 per cent higher But when it is considered-that only a small per cent por cent higher than in is putin a spe- neial rate much When Nebraska ays on conl for seventy miles, 10 cents T “r bundred, Iowa and Minnesota pay 54 grain is much higher thun in the other states named. Soon the grain crop of the present year is to be moved. Prices are ranging very low, and your freight rates, when compared with those of other states, are very high. So high, in fact, asto leave very little for the pro- ducer. Your rates are not higher, and in some instances not so high, as the rates fixed by other roads operating in the state, but to those roads a compara- tive statement will be submitted in due time.” “‘Starting with first-class freight as fixed in your present tarifl, we venture to suggest and request that you apply the rate which we think will be found general in the western states. First class, standard basis; second class, 85 per cent; third class, (m} per cent; fourth cluss, 50 per cent; fifth class, 40 per cent; class ‘A" 40 per cent; class "B, 85 per cent; class “C," 80_per cent; class “D," 25 per cent; class “'E,” 20 per cent. We venture t suggestion and request because we find this to be the rate applied in most western states, and because we believe the rate fixed in your tariff on first class rates to be high enough and that on other classes your rates are too high, and because it is desirable to have a tixed and uniform rulein fixin and adjusting rates within the state, an for the reason that this basis of adjust- ment will greatly reduce local rates within the state. There are many other reasons and factors not herein considered why this should be done. 'The people of this state have suffered long ana patiently under the delusive hope and promise of relief, It has not yet come. Patience may cease to be a virtue, and the people may demand the needed relief by imme- diate legislative action. We sincerely hope you will patiently consider our re- quest” and” grant to “the people some measure of reliet in their poverty and distress.” 0. P. MASON, Secretary Board of I'ransportation. FUNERAL OF DR. RANDALL. On the 9:30 B. & M. train Friday morn- ing the remains of Dr. Max Randall will arrive in Omaha for interment. Mrs. Randall and daughter will accompany them, The body will be laid at rest in Prospect Hill cemetery, at which place n brief ceremony will be held. The son of Dr. Randall burned in the wreck at the saie time is thought by the physicians now to be out of danger, although he will be crippled. PRIZE FOR JERSEYS, Secretary Furnas, of the state board of agriculture, has received notice from the American Jersey Cattle club of New York City authorizing hin to say to the Jersey breeders in Nebraska that the sum of $100 will be given to the exhibitor of the best herd of registered Jersey cat- tle owned 1n the state, said herd to con- sist of one bull and four females. Their merit Is to be decided by a committee to be appointed by the Agricultural asso- ciation. The vrize is to be known as_the ‘“Jersey Cattle Club prize,’ and will be in addition to the prizes offered by the society. BRIEF ITEMS, The Salvation army in their parade with drums and other ancient musical in- struments yesterday evening frightened a horse attached to a carriage containin two ladies and & bad runaway resulted, the ladies fortunately escaping any seri- ous injury. Miss Nettie Pritchard, of Omaha, was one of the young ladies in the carriage. he Lancaster County Teachers’ asso- ciation is in session at the Academy of Music building in the rooms occupied by the Lincoln business college. There are something over 100 teachers in attend- ance and the exercises are conducted by Superintendent McClusky, assisted by Prof. Rakestraw, of Nebraska City, and Prof. Roose of the Lincoln business col- le(.ieA : 'he loss I;y the fire at the B. & M. storehouse is found to be much less than first reported and will only temporarily inconvenience work here, for as soon as the new brick treight depot is completed the present freight depot will be used as a storehouse and will have double the ca- pacity of the one burned Dyspeps Makes the lives of many people misera- ble, and often leads to self-destruction. We know of no remedy for dyspepsia more successful than Hood's Sarsaparilla, It acts gently, yet surely and efliciently, tones the stomach and other organs, re- moves the faint feeling, creates a good appetito, cures headache and refreshes the burdened mind. Give Hood's Sar- saparifla a fair trial. It wil do you &ood, —_— SIMON CAMERON'S SEA TRIP, An Outline By the Venerable Penn- sylvanian of Transatlantic Voyage. * General Simon Cameron, who sailed by the Britannic for Europe last weck, said to a New York World reporter “I am going only for recreatton. I do not expect to do more than the humblest citizen could do. I have never been through [reland, I have never wisited the home of my ancesters at Inverness. When 1 was made minister to Russia 1 simply landed at Liverpool and went through to the capital to which I was ac- credited as rapidly as_possibly. I suw very little of Europe. Now 1 am going to enjoy its hospitality. I hope to wvisit Gladstone. I intend'to study the Irish question in all its details, and pay a visit to Mr. Parnell and the other’ leaders of the Irish thought and action. This is simply a .pastima for me. I cannot expect to live much longer and the visit is simply to acquaint myself with all the strong features of foreign rolitjcll lifa. No, I'will not go to Russia. should like to very much, 1 was mims- ter there in the earliest days of the re- bellion, and have many friends in St, Petersburg, but I hope to be home by the 1st of September, The journey is_too long to go to the Russian capital.” You must excuse me from speaking on active politics, I have quit the consideration of ways and means by which men were made and unmade years ago. I leave that to my son Don. "L am simply spend- ing my time in a desire to make life as easy as for my fellow-men. 1 know nothing of the candidacy of men for the presidenoy. Mr. Blaine seems to have the call on all the enthusiasm of the country, but whetner he will get the nomination, or whether he desires it Ido not know. I am going to Europe for pleasure and for knowledge, and for nething else. e Lo Webster county is putting the finishing polish on the bars of its new jail. t t r MOST PERFECT MADE Usod by the United Statos Government. Eogorsed iy the basie of the Grest Universities c a8 The Btrongest,Pares o8t A D Frice's the aly Baking r that does not contaln Ammonis, Lime or . Dr. Price’s Extracts, Vanilla, Lemon, etc. deliciously. PRICE BAKING POWDER GO ossible and as bright as can be THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: THURSDAY. TULY 2 THE PIONEER EXPEDITION Hardships Endnred by the First Troops in the Little Big Horn. FOUTING OUT SITTING BULL. How Colonel Nelson Cole With a Reg- iment of Missourians Cleared Out the Old Bavage ¥From His Stronghold, St. Louis Glob€&:Democrat: It is gen- erally supposed that the first military ex- pedition to penetrate the region lying along the Yellowstone and between the Little Big Horn and the Powder rivers was that commanded by General A, H. Terry, in the spring of 1876, and during, which Custer ana his seven troops wera exterminated to a man. A search of the records of the war department will, how ever, develop the fact that this wild dis trict was first penetrated by Missouri troops, under a Missouri commander, who successfully encountered the same foo, under the same leader, who eleven years later repulsed General Crook, at the head of 1,500 men, and nearly anni- hilated the famous 7th cavalry. To Col- onel Nelson Cole, of St. Louis, belongs the honor of leading the way into this re- mote district, and victoriously encoun- tering the fiercest plain tribes in their chosen stronghold. During the last week of May, 1865, Colonel Cole, who, for nearly a vear, had held the oftico of chief of artillery of the department of Missouri, was ordered to report at Omaha with eight batteries of his regiment, the Second Missouri light artillery, and eight troops of the Twelfth Missouri cavalry,for the purpose of form- ing the eastern division of the Powder river Indian expedition. This expedition was under the command of General P. Edward Connor, an ofticer of matchless fame as an Indian fighter, whose name was a terror throughout the lenghth and breadth of the plains, and whose ener- getio operations had driven the Indians to their mountain fastnesses, where he intended to scek thom out and deliver a crushing blow. Connor, in person, with a large force, was to advance from the southwest, while Colonel Cole’s com- mand, starting from Omaha, was o assail the Indians from the southeast. This vian involved a march for the latter officer of many hundred miles through an unerlx unknown country, of a very rugged and mountamous nature, sparsely provided with grass and water, and destitute of game or other means of subsistence. These difficulties were full recognized by General Connor, and it ‘was on his personal application that Col- onel Cole was detailed to conduct this campaign, as the energy and fertility of resource repeatedly exhibited by that officer during the most trying times of the war gave ample assurance that he, if any one, would conduct the expedition to a successful termination. FITTING OUT THE EXPEDITION. On arriving at Omaha, Colonel Cole'’s first care was to eT‘llp his artillery as cavalry, taking with him but one section of a 9inch battery. The troops under his command numbered 1,400 rank and file, besides a large number of citizens who had charge of the 140 six-mule wag- ons which made up his tramm. At the very outset difliculties were encountered, as no suitable animals could be obtained, and the teamsters detailed by the quar- aster's. department were nearly worthiess. A considerable period of time was consumed in get ting the train into something like a state of organiza- tion, and it was not until the 1st of July that the expedition was able to leave Omaha. The line of march was along the Platte to the South Fork and north on that stream to the Pawnee Mission, 110 miles wost of Omaha, Here the last outpost of civilization was left, and the command plunged into the trackless wilds of the northern plains. Tho course was laid out euntirely by compass, as no guides could be obtained who were fa- miliar with the country, a8 the constant Indian raids haq, for the time being, en- tirely stopped the westward march of settiement. The command adyanced in a northwesterdly direction without en- countering any very great difficultics, leaving the bad lands to the north and west, until the White Earth river 1s reached. Here the hardships began, as heavy rains had transformed that stream into a broad morass, and corduroy roads had to be built before the train could cross. At this pomt the first Indian trails were seen, but no savages encountered, as they were evidently in no great force. From this point onward the march was one of great difficulty and hardship, The entire country was cut up by deep gulches and canyons, grass was scarce, and water scarcer. In many places the wagons had to be hauled up the precipi- tous bluffs by hand, while scurvy began to manifest 1itself among the men and was not checked until a quantity of wild onions were found, whieh proved to be an excellent anti-scorbutic. ‘The trails increased in number aud _size, but still no Indians were seen. When the expedition reached the yellowstone, a scouting ' party was sent in search of General Connor, who had agreed to meet Colonel Uole's column at this point, but to their dismay neither that officer nor the cache of provisions he had promised to have could be found, The provisions were running short, no game was to be found, and on the 2nd of September Colonel Cole concluded to move toward the south, where provisions could be ob- tained, keeping out scouts for the pur- pose of discovering 1f possible, Connor's whereabouts. INDIANS DISCOVERED, As he was in the act of issuing the necessary order for this movement, a re- Eurt wus brought in that the herders had een attacked a mile from camp and a number of animals driven off. Colonel Cole at once rode to the front and dis- covered that a force of four or five hun- dred Indians were close at hand and ap- apparently about to continue their raia on the herd. The entire command was at once ordered out and sent to the aid of the small varty already engaged. Captain Rowland, of the Second Miszouri nrnlh-r{. with a party of seven men, reached the ground iirst and closely pressed the savages, killing a number of hem; but as he was passing a small de- tatched party a band of fifty Indians sud- denly dashed out of a ravine to his right, and ~ before aid could come up killed uve;{y man in the party except Captain Rowland himself, ‘{’hen the main body of the command reached the field the Indians rapidly retreated, the exhausted condition of Colonel Cole's horses rendering pursuit impossible. The loss of the Indians n this enguge- ment was from twenty-five to thirty. l)urin% the afternoon a column of smoke, eviden! l&: signal fire, was seen rising towara mouth of the Powder river. Toward this smoke the command marched all day, encountering great difficulties from the broken nature of the ground, and sufferin, atly from heat and want of food. During the night one of the terrible storms peculiar to that country set in, the temperatnre changing from intense heat to extreme cold, ac- companied by a fierce hurricane. Weak- ened by want of forage and the fatigues incident to the march, the animals suc- cumbed to the storm, and 225 died dur- iug the night and following day, and Colonel Cole found himself reluctantly determined to abandon the ecarch for Connor for the time being, déstroy part of his train, and find & place where grass could be obtained for his starving stock. On September 4 the troops mwarched out, leaving & detachment of the Twelfth Missourl eavalry to destroy the aban- doned property. While thus engaged a fierce attack was made by about seventy- five Indians, but the assault was repelled, and the troops gained the main column without further molestation. A SAVAGE ONSLAUGHT. Next morning the column prepared to continue its march, when large bodes of Indians were discovered to be lurking in the gulches and rayines to the east, west and south, and 1t was evident that their intention was to surprise the command, and entirely cut off its retreat. An at- tack was made upon the teamsters by a {ew of the Indians, which was repulsed with loss, but on the advance of the main body in their direction, the enemy withdrew, carrying of their dead, while heavy forces advanced upon the flank and rear, and it was eyident thata gen- eral attack was about to be made. Recognizing the imminency of the danger, Colonel Cole drew up his men in three lines, the fourth side of the square being formed by a heavy belt of wood unsuitable for cavalry operations. This solid formation deterred the In- dians for a time, and they confined themselves to attempts to entice small bodies of troops in pursuit. Bands of ten to one hundred would ride near the lines and rapidly retreat, but many of them fell before the Spencer rifles, with which the artillery were armed, a weapon unknown to the hostiles, and whose range took them by surprise. This desultol warfare was kept up some three hours, when a detachment of the Twelfth Mi souri cavalry, exasperated by the con- duct of the Indians, crossed the river in vursuit. The Indians retired before them for some distance, and the cavalry pursued still more nobly. Suddenly a flash was seen across the plain, thrown from a bit of looking-glass in the hands of a tall chief, who, by this means, had been directing the entire course of the engagement from a neighboring height. Tho scattered bands at once drew to- gether, and with furious yells charged on the devoted troops, brandishing thei *shields and lances and twanging their sinew-braced bows. At the same time the Sioux, who held the right of the line, charged down upon the artillery, leaving the Cheyennes and Arapahoes to deal with the cavalry. This general chnr§u was not pushed home,as it was evidently the intention of the Indians to prevent assistance being rendered the detachea troop rather thun to seriously attempt to break the main line. The cavalry held their ground well, but the carbine proved an inefficient horseback weapon when tltlod against the arrows of the famous Cheyenne bowmen. COMMANDED BY SITTING BULL, The men began to fall fast before the Indians shafts, and finally made a dash for the river, hoping to recross it and reach the main line. Their horses, worn out by long marches and starvation,were no match for the [ndian ponies, the de- tachment was overtaken and annihilation seemed imminent. Sitting Bull, himself, the same chief who eleven years later re- pulsed Crook's column on nearly the same ground, and then wiped Custer’s command from the face of the earth, led the ouslaught, and the! entire command was in the most extreme peril, as if once the line was broken nat & man would be left to tell the tale. Recognizing the dire need Colonel Cole rapinly advanced Captain Boardman's command, who gallantly charged to the assistance of their comrades, and by rapid and well directed volleys checked the Indian charge, and enabled the rem- nant of the cavalry to return to the lines. Although unsuccessful in breakin through at this point the savages stil kept up a fierce fight, the hilltops and blufts were completely covered by a mul- titude of warriors, and thousands swept around the troops, and stood sternly at bay in the valley, hiding behind the bodies of their fleet ponies, and discharg- clouds of arrows and volleys of balls. A Targe body had collected on an adjacent hill just out of ritleshot, and the red ban- ner there displayed, coupled with the constant flashing of the glasses in the hands of the chiefs, show that this was the headquarters of the Indians. Here Colonel Cole saw a chance to use his ar- tillery, which had been brought so far with such difliculty. SAVED BY TIHE CANNON, The &unu were direoted against the hill, and the shells exploding with (leudl‘{ effect among the Indians, who believed themselves in perfect safety, decided the fato of the day. Astomshed and stupi- fied by the cannon, which none of them had ever encountered before, the Indians drew off and the hard-pressed troops were at lust relieved from their furious charges. The exhaustion of men and animals was complete and the suflurix}gs of the wounded very severe, asthe In- dian_arrows were made with a devilish ingenuity, the heads of hoop-iron being fastened” to the shafts by deer sinew, which became relaxed when wet with blood, detaching the head from the shaft and rende luF extraction panfui and difficult, ) shaft was also deeply grooved, so that the flesh could not close tightly about it, checking hemorrhage, but a constant flow of blood coursed through the channels in the wood. In spite of the wearied condition of the com- mand, it was absolutely necessary to ad- vance to some point where grass for the starving animals could be ob- tained, and a toilsome march was begun, but fortunately without molestation, as the few savages who followed the column kept atarespectful distance. The march was continued by short stages for several days, and the danger seemed to have yussed, when on September 8, Colonel WValker, who was in command of the advance guard, sent word to Colonel Cole that he had been attacked by 4,000 In- dians and was falling back. Colonel Cole at once advanced to his assistance and after a severe engagement succeeded in clearing lis_front and pursuing his march to the Yellowstone, Here the In- dinns were found in lur[:o force, but the ground being favorable for the artille a severe fire was opened, which did gr execution and drove off the enemy, al- lowing the exhausted troops to go into camp. That eveninga furious hail storm set in, accompanied by intense cold. The roximity of the enemy rendered it un- safe to build fires, and the pickets were obliged to march in circles to avoid frees- ing. "The storm coutinued during the march on the next day, and in thirty-six hours 414 animals perished. This loss necessitated the destruction of the wagon train, and all impediments not absolutely indispcnsible. FIGHTING AT X "FORD, .On Sevtember 10, Colonel Cole found himselt compelled to cross the Yellow stone. The Indiai who had hovered like vultures about his exhausted com- mand, saw here their opportunity, and made a number of furiéus charges, but were inall cases driven ‘'back with ‘wavy loss, the artillery in particular, doin great execution, Wherl the passage of the river had been sugesssfully accom- plished, the savages disappeared and were seen no more. But the difficulties and dangers of the march were by no means over. The provisions had given out, although for a long time the men had been on less than half rations, and it was found necessary to resort to the horses and mules for food. The men were ragged and nearly barefooted, and their feet were fearfully lacerated by the cac- tus which covered the ground. Under these circumstances their pro'zrcm was slow, and it was not u October that Fort Connor w reached, where their immediace wants were partially supplied, but the deficiency of stores at that point rendered itimpossible to properly eanip the command, and the toilsome march was continued to Fort Laranue, where at last the weary column found much needed rest. ~Sach is the history of the first expedi- tion against the Indians of the Northern Yellowstone- T'he command 1n eighty- threo ‘days bad marched 1,300 wmiles, 1887 through a country utterly unknown to white men, destitute of game, grass or water, and “Xoml to frequent and furi- ous storms, brave and wary foe had been victoriously encountered, and a les- son administered that was not forgotten for years. But although victorious, the fate of battle had more than once trem- bled in the balance, and it is entirely due to the skill and intremdity of Colonel Cole and the steady valor of his troops, seasoned by four years' service in the civil war, that destruction was averted, and that the massacre of the Little Big Horn was not antedated eleven years on the banks of the Powder river, posiniiutul Aubteiotl FIELD AND FARM., The Injurious Insects of Nebraska, Tothe agriculturists and horticulturists of Nebraska: Haying been employed by the Agricultural Experiment station, of the university of Nebraska, to study up the injurious nsects of the state, I would respectfully ask from those whom such work will particularly aim to benefit, that they give me their co-operation and as- sistance by answering the following in- quiries: 1. What insects have damaged your garden, orchard, crops or shade trees? 2. What time of the year have the in- Sects been most abundant, and have they been more abundant one year than another? 8. What methods have you tried for destroying them, and with what success? 4, What experience, if any, hav had with the following inseccts: bug, cottonwood beetle, Colorado potato beetle, cabbage worm, straw' orer, strawberry saw-fly, = grape gall-louse, grape flea beetle, upple bark louse, apple root louse, apple-fruit or codling worm, apple tent-caterpiliar; fall web-worm, white tussock moth, apple leaf crumpler, plum curculio, maple tree borer, Hessian y. 5. Describe or send specimens of in- scets that have annoyed you. My intention 18 to get together ma- terial for a practical report, which, it is boped, will be of benefit to ail who are interested in farm, garden or fruit cul- ture. Responses will greatly facilitate the preparation of a proper mailing list, and it 18 hoped that there will be many. All suggestions will be grm.c(uuy re- ceiyed. CONWAY MCMILLAN, 1508 H Street, Lincoln, Neb. Sure Cure For Oabbage Wormes. YORKTOWN, Ia., July 10.—To the Edit- or of the Bee: 1 have found by my own experience that young turkeys are & sure riddance of cabbage worms. From the time the turkeys are quito small not only allow them the freedom of the cabbage patch but go with them and assist them to getupon the plants they cannot reach from the ground and you will find as you fold back the leaves where the worms are hidden, tuat they will gather them from tho cabbugo faster thau the human uzs can discern the number of worms. The best time is in the morning between the hours of 7 and 9 o'clock. or before the heat of the sun causes the worms to seek thd shade. You will also find that the turkeys not only rid the cabbage of worms but they will thrive on what they eat, and I would wi’ to all farmer's wives who want pets. Pet your turkeys, you will find it pays, and it is amusing to sce them despatch the worms, Mus. ANNA CrouCH. Senator Stanford's Vineyard. Chico Enterprise: There has becn a great deal written apout Senator Stan- ford’'s immense ranch at Chico, but the only way to get an adequate 1des of it 18 1o pay the place a visit. This an Enter- prise reporter did a few days ago. Stan- ford’s ranch begins at the Tehama county line, and the first view one gets of his land is not prepossessing. It 13 nothing buta barren treeless plain, where the bedrock crops out in spots and every- where lies but a few feet beneath the surface. Nothing will grow here except a short, dry weed, but the sheep like this weed, and the plain is therefore one vast sheep range; for Senator Stanford isa man of varied resources and manages to find a use for all the land he owns. As you npsroacb Vina the aspect of the country suddenly changes and you jump from sunburned plainsinto the midst of green alfalfa and vineyards. The former are made productive by frequent flooding from irrigating ditches. This flooding is good lor the soil, but bad for health, and If it makes alfalfa it also makes malaria. he water is brought in ditches from Deep creek and turned into the fields until it stands in & vast lake. As soon as one crop of alfalfa is cut anotheris ised in this way, all the year round. It is used very extensively for stock, in place of hay: But the vineyard is the wonderful feat- ure of the Stanford raneh. It extends for several miles up and down on eac of the road as you approach Vina, and back from the road as far as the eye can reach. In some places the vines are large, in others they have just been set out and in the latter case they are sup- ported by an army of stakes. This vine- yard contains 3,000 acres, and 1t is the argest in the world, but still the senator is not satistied and proposes to have 5,000 aci More vines are being set out every year, The vrettiest sight of all, are the old Gerke vines, which form the nucleus of Senator Stanford’s vineyard. These vines are all old and stand fuily five feet ligh, The trunks are larger than a man’s arm. The branches are trimmed off at the battom and allowed to grow out at the top, till the vineyard looks like an orchard of young peach trees, and they are pruned oft so evenly that they make one level floor of green as the eye glances across them. The vines already in bearing require the attention of several hundred men to take eare of the grapes they Irrmlucu, and it will take a small army of men to attend to the crop each year when all the vines get to bearing. Tho winary already in use on the ranch is a large building, but now Senator ford is having & brick structure erected which covers twoacres. The walls are already up and 140 pillars are being erected to su ;&mrt the roof. The building 15 to hold the wine vats and casks, and is a sort of a wine-cellar above ground. It is of mammoth proportions, but so 1s the vineyard, and so will the crop of grapes be. One could talk about the vineyard and winery ail day,but there are other things to be mentioned, Next to his vines, in Senator Stanford’s esteem, come his fine horses. Of these there are large bands to be seen, all beauties and of the best blood. The senator makes a specialty of raising fast horses, which he sell for fancy fligures, Every animal is spirited, beautifully proportioned and looks sleck and smooth. The two stallions to which he breeds all his mares are Clay and Whips, The former the senator values at $10,000. Clay is & rather small, brown horse, kind and gentle in disposition, Whips is a fine large bay, full of life and beautifully built. In fact, the senator considers Whips the ideal of borseflesh and beyond price. The animal was expected to make very fast time, but was lamed in his eurly training ut Palo Alto, and hence is used only for brecding l)\lrprm;s, Several line Lorses have been amed lately on the Palo Alto track, which is considered too hard, and the senator intends to build a training track on his Vina ranch, Negotiations are now in progress for the purchase of the Copelaud estate, which adjoins Stan- tord ob the west, next o the river, and when these negotiations are. completed, the track will probably be built on this land. Then all of the” fine stock will be brought to Vina, which will be made headquarters for the training depart ment. this - wondcrful | Other features o OUR OWN COTTON FLANNELS Handsomest and Most Satisfactory for RETAIL TRADE! 'Thole who have USED THEM will BUY NQ OTHER BRAND. TRY THEM! SOLE AGENTS FOR ALL MARKETS: SAMUEL C. DAVIS & C0,, SAINT LOUIS, MO. ranch deserye oxtended mention. The nine large barns for the hors which are made as comfortable as most dwell- mgs; the barns where the Holsteins have their quarters, kept as neat as a parlor; those fine old Holstein cattle themselyes, of monstrous size and beautifully marked in black and white; one cow in particu- lar, which is being fattened for beef to weigh 2,600 pounds, and which now weighs nearly 2,000; Senator Stanford's handsome two-story residence, with 1ts extensive lawns, flower gardens and statunry—all of these things attract the attention and excite the in stranger. But then everything about this great ranch is of interest, and after the visitor has spent the day i examin- ing the different features he still fecls how little he has seen. The ranch 1s one of the wonders of this wonderful state, The Bookless Farmer. Stockman: The bookless farmer is a one-horse farmer with a life-long ambi- tion, to gain a reputation for wearing a dirty shirt. He will alarm the neighborhood by getting up two hours before day, then sit around and not go to work till after sun up. He will complain of hard times, then tear his pants chimbing a fence where a gate out to be. He will pay $3 for a now bridle, then let the calf chew it all to pieces before Sun- day. &o will get all of his neighbors to help him in getting a cow out of a bog, then let her die for want of attention. Stock will get in and dostroy his crop at a place in his fence that he has been putting off repairing for six months. He will talk all day Sunday about what he knows about farming, then ride aronnd the neighborhood Monday look- inf for seed votutoes, He will go in his shirlsleeves on a cold day to show what he can stand, then re- turn home at aight and occupy two- thirds of the fire place till bed-time. He will ridicule the mechanism of & cotton planter, and then go out and mash his thumb nailing a board on the fence, He will go to town on Saturday and come back with fifty cents’ worth of cof- fee, a paper of pins, a dollar’s worth of chewing tobacco, and his hide full of whisky. s He is economical; economy is his fort. He will save ten cents’ worth of axle greese and ruin the spindles of a %70 wagon., He won't subseribe for a newspaper, but will borrow one from his friend, an his wife or daughters will forget that it was;l borrowed and paste it upon the wall. And it may be added that he will spend a dollar treating a set of blackguards and loafers and let his wife and daugh- ters go in rags for want of fifty cent calico dresses,which he is too poor to pay should be supplied with to the windows and doors. scrernd They are not expensive and will enable the horses and cows to secure reat. In the pasture the insects cannot well be avoided. After the raspberries shall have been markoted the canes should be well worked, so as to remove the grass and weeds, in order that the new canes may make as much growth as possible. An apvlication of wood ashes would prove an excellent fertilizer, Good clover hay is always considored as equal to any other. 1t is the standard by which all other grasses are compared, and no farm is considered fully supnllell for the winter that has not had a crov of clover grown upon it. The plan of judging of the meritcs of cows by a comparison of ‘‘records,’ in- stead of relying entirely on pedigree and color marks, is adding greatly to the value of our pure bred milk cows. Not only the quantity, but the quality also, is considered, and so rapid_ has been the improvement that some of the “‘records” are seemingly marvelous. A box with entrance holes no larger than one in diameter will be an induce- ment for the wrens to take possession, as they will then be safe from the attacks of larger birds. Wrens are excellent in- sect exterminators, and should be en- couraged by every possible manner. The signs of the times indicate that the intensely lard hog that was in great de- mand a few years ago is to be supplanted by the one that will furnish tender, juicy meat. The hog supplying the lard has to compete with the crop of cottonseed oil, while the ham has nothing to fear from competition. It always seems to us, says the Western Rural, to'be the blindest folly for a far- mer and dairyman who has cilves from cows that are possessed of sufficient dair; merits to make them profitable to sell these calves, which, to say the least, may be like their dams, and then depend upon other people’s herds. The wisest thing for the man who is mmin;i in stock raising who has never handled Shorthorns or thoroughbred cat- tle of any kind is to keep his little herd of fair common_cattle, buy the best made bull he can find, and put him upon his common cows. In two years he will have made four times the costof the bull, if he has only twelve cows to nse him upon. So remarked Mr. Campbell be- fore the last meeting of tho lowa State Breeders’ association. In selecting a bull, says a writing in the Ohio Farmer, reject a8 poison any ani- mal that shows a mountain of beef in front and a light hind quarter; he may get you n beef animal, but his chances of getting milkers are poor indeed. The thighs should be thin and wide apart, the scrotum well developed, of \lgm color and soft texture; the addition of teats 1s a good indication, and the larger they are the more likely will they be transmitted in good size to the offspring. No hog is quite so ravenous as & BOW that is sucking a lot of young pigs. Tho incessant drain on her sharpens her ap- petite amazingly, and yet she will grow thin while eating perhaps twice what she could fatten on without the pigs. But no food ever given to a hog 18 so well in- vested as what is fed to a sow ullnkinq her young. At first the sow's food should be milk and wheat bran, but after tho How to Feed Pigs for Profit. L)igs are a week old some corn meal may Some Wisconsin pig-feeding experi- | be added with no fear that she will grow ments by a Wisconsin farmer, furnished | too fat. The pigs will get ull the fat and by Prof. Henry, of the Experimental sta- | growth it contains, tion, for publication in the Western The farmer should make his own Farmer, are interesting, Eight shoats | bacon. The September and October pigs fed on whole grain, with warm drink, | will come just right to turn into_bacon, gained in twelve days—from February | Feed them'in the autumn on apples and 7 to 19---an average of 17 pounds each, or | roots with a little grain, and when cold 136 pounds for the whole,being 14 pounds | weather comes on'give them plenty of daily. They consumed in the intervul | grain until they are three to four months 8.17 bushels of corn, 8.80 of barley, and | old, and then turn the whole of the sides 0.75 of oats, the latier ground and mixed | into bucon for the family table. As long with wate With corn at 40 cents, bar- | as this bacon lasts the pork barrel ley ut 4 cents, and oats at 25 cents, the | not be troubled much. The little hams value of the grain was $5.19, which made | and shoulders are dainty for home use. the cost of gain _per 100 pounds $3.85. | The sow which rears these pigs should be From February 10 to March 14, twenty- | kept over—any old sow can rear two lit- three days, another experiment was tried, | ters in one season, as the period of gesta« this time with ground feed---half corn, | tion is but four months. one-quarter barley and one-quarter oats. e — The gain was 355 pounds, the quantity of HE KNEW HIS MAN. grain consumed 57 bushels, and its value | The Most Polite and Effectual Mode at_above figures, ncluding $1.08 jor of Dealing With a “Bear," flimlmu. was §11- The cost of the New York ommercial Advertiser: 855 pounds of gain was at the rate of | Clerk Carr, of the Fifth Avenue botel, 3.14 per 100, has been in his present position over a OF, He will leave his plow in the furrow and corn unplanted to goto town to hear a political§ specch, and spend the balance of the day telling what a *'boss” his candidate is, and what a fool and rascal the other party has nominated. He is “wiser in his own conceit than ten men who oan give a reason,” and “though you bray him in mortar hke wheat, his foolishness will not depart from him." The averago daily gain per hog was $1.93 pounds, and the | generation, land in common parlance average total gain for each [ knows how to “'size up” a man at first bushe! of grain consumed was | glance quite correctly. The other day a TP T My TR ey PRt | (B T T LS e immedi: y on the conclusion of the | trouscrs and sack coat, earrying a large Iast experiment at $35.25 per 100 pounds. The 355 pounds of gain mude at a cost of $11.16 worth of grain thergfore brought #18.64; and at this rate the cornfed brought 74 cents per bushel, the barley 83 cents, and the oats 45 cents. 'The fig- ures are especially instructiye showing, fiest, profitabler of fecding mixed grain instead of confining hogs to an ex- clusive corn diet; sccond, the advantage of grinding feed, and third, that almost double the market price can be secured from grain by fecding it to thrifty stock. cane in his right hand, and resembling in all respects the average Knglish swell, meandered up to the oflice counter and asked with a strong “Did you get my tele from Chic de Montr arr. 'hen you didn't save me a smte of rooms, did you?" *No, and 1 have not a single room in (Irc le(cl empty,” coolly replied the clerk. *Now that is annoying. 1 live in Chi- cago and my family always stop at your hotel. Surely if you caunot give mo & suite of rooms, [ can get a single onet'’ pleaded the noble de Montmorenei. ‘I am sorry, but we have no room va- cant," again came the cold reply. *But my fanuly will be disappointed if 1 donot stop with you. I am used to plenty of room and [ eannot put up with one small room; its too confined and lim- ited. But [ may compromise this time on one good d apartment.” a The clerk insisted that he bhad not oven ¢ single room to accommodato him with Low Price for Machine Work. Nothing shows the great competition in agricultural machinery better than the reduction 1n prices of cutting grass or grain, When the mowing muchine first came around a farmer furnished the team, while some one owning a mower drove it and cut his grass for §1 per acre. Now this sum will cut and bind an acre of wheat or other grain, the owner of the harvester paying for the twine which nuverages 15 to 20 cents per acri In some parts of the west where the: are large fields still lower rates are mac but without much profit to the man run ning the machine. If a farmer boe at all deficient in mechanical ability he need | " T am sorry, sorry, but what can I not regret the fact much if he can get | 4o asked the importunate would-be machine work done at tis price. There | guest, Ar probably” enough mMachings now i “Well, the only thing | know of for do the harvesting, but breakages and | you to do is to sleep in my bed with me bad management make ones every year, room for new | und syve your hotel bill,"” said Mr. Carr. ho gave the well- Seasonable Hints and Suggestions. Early rising, with the work done in part before the heat of the day, end a ;_iulni rest ut noon, will save the horses durlng the warw days - of the flesh is the blood ure blood means healthy func Shade trees sometimes require atten- | tional activity and this bears with it the tion. Wood ashes should "be applied nty of Guick restoration from sick around all kinds of shade trees at least or aceident, Dr, J. McLean's once a year. The hedges will also be | Strengthening Cordial and Blood Puritier benetitted by ashes, riyos puto ridh blood, and yitalizes. and Flies are terrible annoyances to stock strengthens the whole body, § during this scason, aud. ¢very stable bultle, 00 por