Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, May 3, 1886, Page 5

THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: MONDAY, MAY 3, 18836 FROM THE STATE CAPITAL. The Happenings of Two Ijnyn at the Busy City of Linooln. PRESBYTERIANS TO DEDICATE. Extensive Pieparations for the Con- secration ofthe New Church 13d- ifice—Social Ev of the Week—Newsy Notes, TPROM THE 1 The princip: 'S LINGOLY BUREAUL. social event of the week was the Fitzgerald ball on Friday evening. There was a large and brilliant attend- ance, the. affair proving a complete suc- cess in every respeet. Lincolnites take great pride in their favorite hose ladd The progressive euchre clubs propo: to close their season by a grand union party, to he given probably next week. Rev. Bryant has been called to the pastorate of the Free Baptist church, which has just been organized. Tk association has purchased a lot and pro- pose to crect a house of worship as soon as practicabl Articles of incorporation were filed with the secretary of state Satur morning of the Farmer nd Merchants® bank of Seribner, Neb, The incorpor: tors iro W, P, Norcross, Gus Dolds, I, C Hansen, C. R Lange, C. George Raw- lins, J. M. Deids, George C. Laird, J. G Mulligan, Gus A. Bobany. The eapit: stock is fixed at $60,000, but the bank authorized to commence business when 25 per cent of the capital stock is paid i, is limited to one-half of band has been organized for the scason with twelve good players, nicely uniformed. "Thi Presbyterians are making exten- sive preparations for the dedication of their new church building. Dr. Howard Croshy, the eminent divine of New Yor! has hecn invited to preach the dedicatory sermon. The date of the dedication will be decided by his answe he will be here th eral assembly at May, where the doctor will serve as one of the commis- sioners. By the way, an effort will be made at this mecting to secure the assembly for Omaha next year. Our western ministers are desirous of getting their eastern brethren better acquanted with west 4 wester is, and know of no better way, and Lincoln Presbyterians are willing to aid in the matter as much as possible. Now that Omaha has an_exposition building 1t is thought that she can accommodate the assembly should she be chosen as the next place of mecting. Considerable opposition has developed to the efforts of the friends ot Enoch Bradshaw to got him pardoned out of the penitentiary. They claim that there isno doubt of the man’s zuilt and no good reason why he should escape wmerited punishment. A. B. Smith, private secretary to Sup- erintendent Calvert, of the B. & M., r¢ turned this week from Boston accom- anied by his mother, who will hence- orth make her home in Nebraska along with her sons. Louis H. Lamb, swho has for nearly a ear been acting as clerk in County udge Parker’s oftice, will leave in a few days for Denver, Col. After visiting a short time there he will return to his home at South Hadley Falls, Mass., to complete his education. The regular session of the board of public Iands and buildings' will be held on Monday. Our Grand Army posts have appointed commitlecs to arrange for a memorial day programre. The oflicers of the Grand Army posts and the l.oyal Legion are discussing the propriety and_ foambility of tendering a eption to General Crook. The articles of incorporation of the Union Depot and Railway company of Omaha have just been filed with the sceretary of state, A fisticuff encounter between Port Wil- son a real estate man, and W. S. Phillips a railroader, disturbed the quiet of Saturday ‘morning. No arrests were mado, and the dificrences of the bellig- erents have received an amicable adjust- ment. STATE fte zen- Minncapolis ~ in AND TERRITORY. Nebraska Jottings. Aurora is promised an iron foundry. Nance county,s debt is less than $5,000. Chadron has laid out a seven-block ad- dition. Broken Bow has started a fund to build a $5,000 hotel. Courtland, Gage county, is negotiating for a creamery. Thirty new buildings are approaching completion i Alkmson. Business at the North Platte land office is unusually brisk. Five days of last week netted §7,000. Knox county’s m})pnr mine is thirty feet below the surface, with a polished vein of brass above ground. And now comes Hastington with a coal vein, 80 deep down that the yroxpcc(ora' drill was lost in the forest of fuel. The editor of the Holdrege Nugget toyed with an unloaded gun. Though badly mangled, he lives to tell his ex- perience. Hamme Miller, an Axtell farmer, slid off o load of lumber with a load of beer. A bunch of shingles followed him and broke his neck. A large colony of Norwegians is bein, ostablished about half way between ney and the country generally known as ‘‘ou ton the Muddy.” Six professional gamblers bave been fired out of Hastings, and an attorney who stood in with them was permitted to romain on pain of good behavior. ‘The contract has been signed for the erection of a $15,000 flour mill at Me- Cook. The enterprising citizens of the border burg gave a cash bonus of $2,000, Thugs tackled the editor of the Blue Hill Times and planted several cupalos on his upper stor He has invested in a gun and severil yards of court plaster. The new town of Ohiowa, Fillmore county, wants a flour mill, and wants it bad. The right man will find it to his advantage to address F. Garrison at that tow A sugar and syrup factory is to be started at Republican City, We hail this sweet morsel of industry us the beginning of the end of Chicago-Vermont maple and black-strap in these parts. ~ Amos Herr, of Alexandria, was fined $500 for selling liquor without a license, nd Henry Lotteridge, of Belvidere, con- tributed $300 for a similar offense, The ghost of Slocumb is marehing on. J. R. A, Orr, a drunken railroader, sat on the track near Rushyille, and defied an engine to “knock the chip off his shoulder.” The collision knocked the whisky out of him as well as the breath. Sam O'Brien, a Dodge county farm was visited by horse thieves last wee und lost & team of horses, buggy and harness. A reward of §100 is oflered for the capture of the property and the thieves. A sud_accident is reported at Plain- view, Pierce county. “The gentlo zephyrs knocked the wind out of the choir last night,'' says the faithful re- orter. A scalp dance chorus followed he announcement. Chas. H. Richards, of Benkleman, sports a mule 118 years of age, with all aculties as ripe and vigorous as ever. Mr. R. and his mule will at once become members of the Ancient and Honoraole Order of Facile Fabricators. [¥There is & lively contest going on in_ Fremont on the license question. Saloon keevers are compelled to cnmv’ly with every requirement of the law be fore a license is granted. e pro- hibitionists are fighting every applicant Billy Keithly, the centanur of the Weep- ing Water Republican, was accused by his rival, Race, of the gle, with pe petrating an “indiscretion’” in Omaha. A libel suit for $10,000 followed, and a verdict of 5 for the plaintiff secured, with the privilege of payiny the costs. Ella Butts, the Cass county girl accused of murdering her child and throwing the body in a hogpen, was acquitted by a Plattsmouth jury. ' There is some doubt on the point whether Elia or the jury are burdened with suflicient mental hind- sight to discern between right and wrong. No trace has been found of Pier the Blair undertaker, who disap- d ten days ago. His office safe was pened last week and a note found stating that he intended to commit sui- lo and bidding his family farewell, The uncertainty of his fate has plunged his wife and fainily into the deepost dis- tress s case is an cmbalmed text for a temperance lecture, M, there, you bachelor farmers, now ornéver! A’ respectable young lady of York advertises for “anintelligent young farmer for a husband, one wlho owns a farm free from incumbrance. The young 18 and good looking, and hassome ty.” Don’t burden the mails with ven piciures of you beauty and loneli- ness, but send your_photos “with a post- age stamp to this offic C. A. Winsor, of Hastings, threatens to sue the Central City Conricr for $10,000 damages to his character. The Courier published an item stating that Winsor had been convieted of arson in Hastings and was sent to tho penitentiary for fifteen years, while the unfortunate’ man " at that time, and is now, shoveling grub at a_railrond eamp on the Aurora cut-off, That latter is punishment enough. Eilhe improvements for this year al- ready under way in Grand Island foot up #300,000. 'The list includes: Water work 000; Maxwell gas works, £20,000; Elee- light, gas works and _fuel company, £60,000; Scarff block, $30,000; Jamison hotel, £28,000; Gettle block, $11,000; Cor nelius block, $10,000; Stehr Bros, brick, §11,000; Fedder store room, $2,500; Hedde . $40,000; Lutheran church, $11,000; or Abbott’s residence, £15,000; J. I's residence, £3,000; . Schlot- Davenport public library contains 10,000 volumes. A paying vein of coal has been struck at lowa Center, Story county, at a depth of 108 feet. ' InTowa the homestead of a soldier’s widow is exempt from taxation to the amount of $500. ather and Mother McMillan, of Mar- shalltown, celebrated the sixty-second x\xnnivcxsnry of their marriage on Tues- day. A full grown beaver was shot Monday on the small island below the Milwaukee bridge at Cedar Rapias. The animal was about two and a )m}f feet long and a fine specimen of his kind. he Augustana college at Davenport is nearly completed. Ineluding the cost of ground the sum of §45,000 has been ex- pended, and to complete the interior ot the building and put on the dome, which will be of iron and copper, $25,000 more will be needed. Twelve years ago Simon Shaulis, of Or, ange township, Black Hawk county- planted some maple trees, and this sea- son he made from them 248 pounds of su- gar and eight gallons of molusses, The sugar and molasses were of the best qual- ity, and proved what an enterprising farmerfean do in other lines besides rais: ing grain. The new dairy law of Iowa is now in force, and Commissioner Sherman de- clares his intention to strictly enforce it. It provides that all imitations of butter or cheese shall be branded as such imita- uons in plain letters, and provides ven- alties of fine and imprisonment for viola- tions of the provisions of the nact. It prohibits common carriers from receiving the bogus butter or cheese unless it shal be marked, and forbids hotel keepers, bouarding house or restaurant keepers trom placing the imitations before their patrons unless they are placarded. Dakota. The bullion product of Caledonia last month was $19,785. Madison has voted to issue bonds for $25,000 to replace the normal school in that city. Very rich silver rock has been found in an entirely new district between Terry and Custer peaks. Itis estimated that the building im- provements at Madison this year will ex- ceed the sum of $200,000. he citizens of Clifton will chip in and build a eyclone cave large enough to ac- commodate all the inhabitants of the place. The Buckeye Mining company, whose roperty lies'in the Bear Butte® district, Rns peen incorporated, with a capital of $1,500,000. The reservoir which will furnish tue supply for the waterworks at Rapid_City has been completed. It hasa capacity of 375,000 gallons. One man is being urged for governor of Dakota on the ground that heis a member of an orthodox church and that he neither drinks nor uses tobacco. An American Tin Min, St. Louis Globe-Democrat: There seemstobe a probability that, in ad- dition to her other mining and industrial interests, St. Louis will, within a short time, add thatof tin, tho one metal which this country has never been able to pro- duce. Several attempts have recently been made by St, Louis capital, but un- successfully and losses in that iine in 0Old Mexico have discouraged capital in other directions also. A short time ago several St. Louisans secured a bond on some claims, known as the Dolphin, near Custer City, D. T., and samples were brought here and assayed at anhlnflon University, and also sent to New York, both reports bemng very satisfactory. There was a fear, however, that the venture would not be successful and the bond was allowed to expiro. The organization of a company was under charge of James Edwards “at that time, Sinec then the tin trade has come into a great deal moro prominence. The production in the old mining regions has been greatly re- stricted, with fears of some of the best mines being almost worked out. Prices advanced sharply to almost doubling. Then a pig which had been successfully produced in_this country, the first one, vom Black Hills ore, was sent to Eng- land and Tmmediately the cause of a great deal of alarm, being of a good uality, and English trade journals have been talking very apprehensively of the loss of the valuable tin trade v\{uch that country has with this one. Under these circumstances the subject has again as- sumed rather more prominence ber and on_the strength of a letter re ed by Col. Edwards yesterday some arrangs wents may be made to add the one miss- ing industry in the United States to those of St. Louis. The letter is from 0. D Moore, until recently a manufacturer in Kansas City. He says be has been the Custer City district two weeks and has been :nn:l\;fl. all the mines and heard the opinions of the residents and out- siders. He found that the miners and mine owners had over-estimated the mines—which are, nevertheless, thonght really good—because of their ignorance of percentages in ore production. They wore positive by actual test that the ore would yield 20 to 80 per cent, when the average taken would not go over 2 to 3 percent. At the same time 1 per cont ore in Cornwall is lifted thousands of feet, in an old-fashioned way, and pays. A mill designed by Americans is now 1h full blast near Silver City, and treats ore at a less cost than fn England, and loss than the cost for heating free gold ore in the Homestakes, which is #1 a ton This, he says, is enough to show that ti will shortly be produced in_the United States at a profit, the ore being treated at u less cost than in England, and yielding three times as much to the ton. - The Language of the Cane. Detroit Free Press: To tap it on the pavement at every step moans: “Object is no money to me—1 am trying to wi out the ferule.” $ : To poke a person in the ribs with it— who is standing up on a chair three rows plicid of tha pokIst at & slugging match insinuates: “Down in front.” To hu it down the panta- loons-leg along with it con cealed therein e it ha viously been feloniously ‘‘magnetize from some hall and the rightful owner is approaching. ‘To point it at a rare old painting in a picture gallery indicates that the check oy was aslecp when the visitor ¢ through the entry door. To carry the upper end in the overcoat pocket, with the bottom part sticking straight up i ont, signities that the nickle plate has worn'oft from its bogus leaded head, and the same would blac! the dudelet’s tan-colored glove if held in I and. ‘0 carclessly but gracefully drop it de- notes the exhilaration of too much high- priced fine wine aboard; while to aw wardly get it tangled up among the legs and plump the bearer forward on his nasal abutment sadly goes to prove whole consumption of common five- cent red, red liquor To pedestrianize on a crowded sidewalk 1 it run through the akimboed elbows and neross the buck—with ends proj ing beyond each arm—intimates there is plenty of room out in the middle of the street qu'nlln-l']n‘u}vh‘ who don’t eare to wiped off into the gutter in passing. To hold it m_the cent with the handled portion downwa by the effemins strate this: “‘Aw, thi top-'eavy, aw, that I used to manual labak, aw, find it a widic- ulously weighty burdén, alv.” To present it, nicely d, to a tousted clerk on New Year's day as a recognition of “long and faithful ser: vice,” conveys the sorrowful fact to the are. that ye employer’s act is an economi- cal ave off”’ ainst his hireling’s hoped-for raise in St The Cause of His Hilarity Was En- tirely Unsuspected. rend gentleman and one of his enthusiastic laymen were walking arm in arm down Massachusetts avenuc when they observed a party, who was a perfect nger to both of them, coming up_the et with o smile_on his face which betokened inner satisfaction and con- tentment. “If I were a betting man,” observed the reverend, “l would wager that the man approaching_is hs DBy D one of three things. Ho is accepted lover, or has just been married, or has been presented with an offspring. As there is no harm in_asking, let's in- quire_into the cause of his secret happi- ARREL By this time the happy individual had approached and the reverend gentleman stopped him quietly and asked: “T'do not wish to appear rude to you, but as a_worker the interest of humanity I would like to know the cause of your hilarious spirits.” “T have just been divorced,” said the stranger, glecfully hurrying on. —_—— ulk s intended to demon- is weally so ving been Wj3079e0) WO} 04%S OqE ‘TOIPITYD) PYY OUS COTA “sp0qe%) 0} Sunpo oYs ‘ewY OwIeD0q OYS TITM, ‘SHOIE) 30} POHO 9Y8 ‘BT ¥ PV OO AT, ‘SH0JTRN) 297 04w oM ‘YO M Kqugl USLML S rarg et 1Y Chineso junka aresuch a common sight in the San Francisco bay that they no longer attract attention. ——— The authorities of Central Park, New York, are feeding the animals in the me- nagerie house exclusively. — Secrofula du manifest themse in the spring. Hood's Sarsaparilla cleanses the blood and remoy®s every taint of scrofula. e Apples were originally brought from the east by the Romans. The crab apple 18 indigenous to Great Britain. 0. H. Holberg, Paster Woodhaven M. E. Church, South Woodhaven, Queens Co., N. Y., states: *I have used Allcock’s Plasters for thirty years. Never found them fail to cure weakuess of the back, spinc and kidney difficultics. They are very agreeable and strengthening. A short time ago I got in u profuse perspi ation while preaching. Imprudently go- ing home without my overcoat, I lost the use of my voice, and the next day had a violent pain in my back, kidneys and chest. 1 could hardly breathe. 'Three Allcock’s Plastors applied to my buck, chest and kidneys oured me completely in six hours. I was astonished how quick my breathing becamo easy after apply- ing. x> . An American bittern twenty-seven inches long was eaptured last Thursday in the streets of East Liverpool, Ohio. > A few days ago a bed of fine sand was discovered” near Chattanooga, Tenn., which contained 98 per cent of silicon, —— Halford Sauce is used at all first-class hotels, ——— A bedstead made to order by a Milwau- kee firm 1s twenty-four feet wide and has nine compartments, ch intended to hold one of the purchaser’s children. d,- Red Star Twenty-tive Cold in head,—dis Cough Cure, —pleasant cents, S A new bu alarm consists in a small weight which falls off & window when raised and explods a thirty-two blunk cartridge. PILES! f PILES A sure eure for Blind, Bleeding, lichin and Ulcerated Piles has been discovered by Dr. Willigws, (an Indian remedy), called Dr Williams' Indian Pile Ointment.’ A singlo box has cured the worst chronic cases of 23 or 80 years standing. No one need suffer five minutes aiter applying this woudertul sooth ing medicine, Lotions and instruments do more harm than good. Williams' Indian Pile Ointiment absorbs the tumors, allays the intense itching, (particularly at night’ after etting warm in bed), acts as a poultice, gives nstant relief, and is hrepared only for Piles, itehing ol‘ “"J" and for nothing else. SKIN DISEASES CURED. Dr. Frazier's Magie Ointment cures as by fpagie Pluples Black Heads or Grub, Blotehes and Eruptions on the face, leaving lé"l‘l‘;:'nfil(g'dwa?dmx‘nlfrl. Also cures iy ewm, Sore Sore Lips, an Old Obstinate Uloors, ©+ A Sold by druggists, or malled on receipt of S0cents. Retailed by Kun & Co., and Schrocter & vodiwan. Courad. At wholesale by C. F. Gy THE EIGHT HOUR REVOLOTION History of the flovfomenl to Reduce the Working Hours from Ten to Bight. A THIRTY YEARS' STRUGGLE. Opinions of Léading Men and Minds in Manufacturing, Commercial and Professional Beginning of the [Specially Prepared for the Bee.| nanguration of the movement to | make eight hoursa day's work, instead | ten as heretofore, is one of far-reaching | importance to the workingmen and the commercial and industrial interests of the country. The movement may be snid to have been given vitality in the west, and in Chicago to-day tens of thous- ands of men have given it the stamp of | approval by demanding that employers | on it forthwith. There is no doubt the movement, if reasonably success- in Chicago, will spread rapidly throughout the country, and its conse- quences to employer and employe cannot now be foreshadowed Ihe modern struggle for shorter hours | in Great Britain and the United States grow in strength with the development of productive machinery and the organi- zation of labor. A ten hour factory law has been an English statute for nearl fifty years, and the Saturday half-holiday there was duc to the efforts of or ized bor. In the United ates there was no agitation for the shortening of the the hoursof labor until in the oldest communities the new economie conditions induced by the factory s, tem brought about the first premonition of that pressure upon industrial life which often reduces the laborer to the condition of a servant to the machine he attends. s logical in the ordered sequences ment, that New England —the early home of the American fictory system—saw the first agitation for the shortening of the excessive hours of labor. From 1850 until 1866 there nothing | 1 “short-hour’’ movemen The | overwhelming nature of the slavery tation, pro and con, accounts tor Wihen the eivil war | agitation resumed its activity. The first | 1 al trades’ congress over held was in Baltimore i the fall of 1866. That body | foreshadowed in its platform most of the resent demands of organized labor, and the first to project movements which have in whole or part since become es- s, Among these was the sition for a department or bu- stigation. Since that the general gor hed “such agencies first to formulate the or ang.eight hour work day. That demand, was repeated at the subscquent aniual meotings at Chicag Philadelphia and Cincin The tu legal steps toward’ the achievement of cight-hour rule was made by tho in- troduction in the congress of 18678 of bills for the establishment of this rule. The original bill was simultaneous troduced in the house of representatives by Hon. Georgs Wi. Julian, of Indiana, and Hon. A. J. Régers, of New dJers The first bill_which became a law was drafted by Hon, E. P. Banks, of Mass. achusetts. The enactment, however, did not immediately reduce ‘the working hours of government employes. In every branch of governient labor, except the printing. o Washington, the ofh- cers in whether civil, army, or mavy, have attemp to execute the law aceording to their | of political economy. The | een steadily made to reduce work by the_ ten- sure. President Grant felt compelled to issue a proclama- s enforcement. The law illy violated during the | Hayes and Garfield, but was enforced by ~President Arthur and the present administration. While the agitation for the federal cight-hour day was progressing the movement was actively discussed in New | York and Massachusetts. 1n Now York | the eignt-hour measure became a state | law. Generall; movement reecived but little encou ment until the congress of the federa of trades i 1881. With the revi estalyl y was the fi 1 of the industries of | 1870-80, the organizations of labor gave | signs of now life, and_the movement to | reduce the hours of into_ practical operation session of_the federation of tr Tabor unions of the United States and Canada, which was organized in the the year 1881, a preamble was adopted, of which the'following is a par [ Whereas, A struggle I3 going on in the na- tions of the civilized world between the op- vressors and oppressed of all countries—a struggle between the capitalist and the la- borer, which grows in_intensity from ye year, and the listory of wage ‘workers of Ccountries is but the history of constant strug- gles and_ misery engendered by ignorance and disunion. Atthat session the federation demanded the enforcemont of the eight-hour law and pledged itself to do ull that could possibly be done to endeavor to dissemi- nate that knowledge among the working- men of the country so necessary to achieve the eight-hour work day for all workingmen of the country, The practicability and the advisability of the movemont discussed in tho opinions, given bolow, of loading manu, facturers and commercial, professional and trades men: SAMUEL GOMPERS, president of the Federatin of Trade and Labor unions, says: Throuzh a mistaken | poliey, the euiploying cluss huve boon con- inually cultivating the productive capaoity of workingmen. Labor organizations desire, by teducing tlig Lgnrs of labor, o cultivatd | tho consumptive. 1 maintain that the pro- | duetivity of labet does not decrease corres- poudingly with the reduction o the hours of abor, but on the contrary that with stch ' reduction-of the hours of labor the productivity pfthe individual laborer Decomes greator” 1 4o not wish to be under- | stood to maintaiil that, all other things being | equal, there will hot b a decrease in the pre duetion of “the individual laborers but with the 1eduction of the hours of labor the conditions are clanged and new processcs of i W production take place. 4 In all industrics, where the hours of labor haye been reduced, has the production les- sened? Look arount us. 1n the industries where the people werked from sunrise to sunset, and now work from eight, or nine, or ten hoursa day, hag the produetivity les- sened? Do not’ our, factorles, or shops, our mills and mines show that notwithstanding the fact that the labovers work less hours a da now than ever hefore, yet production gone on increasing to suich an extent tha many indusrties one laborer produces as much as ten formerly did. In all civilized eountries where the hours of labor are least, is not the output or pro- ductivity the greatest, and vice versa? In 10 case has the reduction in the hours ~of labor = reduced the pro- ductive capacity of man. This has its origin in increasing the consumptive power of the laborer and the employment of large numbers who are_otherwise ont of employ- ment, and tends to give new life and iu- pets to industry, In any industry or in any country where the hours of labor are the lotigest there exists no necessity for the in- troduetion and Improvement of iuu methods of production—wmachinery. 1 maintain fur- ther that the reduction in the hours. of labor does not mean the increase in the eost of Pro- duction, but, ou the contrary, a deeredse We tind that with the reduction’ in the hours of labor, man’s demands and wants become larger and greater, and that in countries whiere the bours of fabor are long aud. wages | be yM'nlxUll‘t'l']rx’lllln\lllmh"H butre: | the de; | produc however, the eight-hour | ¢ | invention and perfection of | and "y low it costs more to produce any glven arti- cle than in ours, where wages are high and the hours of labor short. Belleving, as 1 do, that the reduction of the hours of labor increases the independence, the self-reliance, the self-respect, the m hood of individuals; that it enlarges the Sphere of his intelligence it is to the best in- interests 6f our country, the perpetuation of our institutions and the success of our com- niercial and industrial welfare that the hours of Jabor should be reduced to eight. Vieved from every standpoint, from that of the empioyer as well as the emiploye, it is to the interest of all alike: it is demanded upon social, economie, sanitary and moral grounds. It is one that cannot be too soon achieved, and, while improving the condition of all, injures none. HENRY GEORGE, author of “Progress and_Poverty,” that the movement for the reduction of the hours of labor kias his earnest support. It is a step, lie says, toward seeuring to tho iasses something of the benefits which advancing civilization ought to bring and make human life faller and higher, Even if the reduction of the working day involved a temporary de- crease in the proditction of wealth, it would still be a measure of wisdom and prudence. But it does nothing of the sort When glut aud stanation e popularly ateributed to “over production,” when hun- dreds of thousands who would gladly be at work stand idle, a reduction of hours, even it i portionately lessened the efliciency of would vring no-general loss. Bt in- stead of lessening the efficieney of lahor, a redugtion of the working day must increase it, he great agent i production is noy miusele, but mind. It is not by virtue of those powers that e shares in with the ani- mal, but by virtue of those powers in which he rises superior to {he animal, that man is the producer, the bringer-forth. ' He may not by taking thought add” n cubit 'to his stature, but he may by taking thought avail himself of the mighty strength of Nature's forces and convert her raw materials into the forms that minister to her own desire, ‘The reduction or the working day to It hours, involyes no reduction of w Under the conditions that exist, wi Land has been made private propert men who have nothing but the power to labor are consequently found i a eut throat competition to sell their labor power, to some other human creature who can wive them *leave to toil” the general rate of wages must overned by what the laboring masses must be content to live on. If the working days were increased to sixteen hours wages would not rise. 1f it were reduced to six liours they would not fall. But the longer the working day the less the ability of the worker to discover and_remedy the wron of whieh allare conscious, The shorter th working day the greater the power . JOIN SWINTON, the famous labor adyocate of deciares ew York, pre- s of the demand for a short work da First—It is a moral elevator. When the hours of labor in England were the longest adation of the laborer was the lowest Just as the working day has been shortened, time and again, so have the working masses risen out of the slough, ~ We all know their debased condition between 1820 and 1850, under a fourteen-hour system; we all_know the chanze that is being wrought sice one- third of the time has been taken off. Second—The shorter day is an_economical clevator. ‘There has been a g sareasm thrown at the old couplet— “Phe longer the hours the shorter the pay, Whther you work by the piece or work'by the day.” But it is a fact sustained by all_statistics, s were at their minimum in England under the fourteen hour day Tose when twelve hours were establi they rose again under the ten-hour m; and yet again they rose when the Saturday half-holi- day shortened the week to fifty-six _hours. 11¢ who denies these facts does it in the face of volumes of oflicial data, full of the de- tai We have had the same experience in our own country. “Third—The reduction of the howrs to eight will give employment to the million men who, according to the recent ofticial report of ational bureau of labor, are wasting lives in the vain search of employment, and thus the consuming power of the wholg people will beenlarged to the advantuge of all_industrial pursuits. Under machinery and long hours the supply of labor so far ceeds the demand that the purchaser or_em- ployer has an undue_control of the market, The notion that with shorter hours mus come lower wa, is based on an error—the error that the wage worker gets the full price of his labor as measured by the value of its Reduce the undue proportion that &oes to capital in the shape of rent, profit, dividends and interest, and there is no'troublo about about raising the proportion that goes to wages. But, saysan_objector. where are you going to stop the reduction of hours. Ieaven alonc ! echanism goes on pushing the olution as it has done for the tury, At present. however, it 15 not necessary for anybody to put himself on the trap of the reductio ad absurdum. JOHN J. JARRETT, ex-president of the Amalgamated association of Iron and Steel workers, and secretary of n Tinned Platé association. says: ation for reduced hours of labor ler_wages, Dow going on in the in- al world, is iu the right direction, and mony with the social and moral pro- and ddvancement of man, as laid down v the golden rule, “Do unto others as_you them do unto you,” The object i insuring to the workingman — to the producars of wealth—their share of the increased production caused by the machinery, and the discovery of new formis, or properties and applications of matter, Up to the present time the actual producers hayve received but a very inadequate portion as their share of the benefits accruing frowm the benelits of machinery, Principally these benelits in the enlargement and centralization of capital in_the hands of a few, and utilized entirely for the advancement of trade and commerce. ‘The tendency of the present systemn Is towards a worse condition of affairs than human slavery ever entailed on the human family, “The first thing sought is the means that will bring all the now idlo rtially employed into constant em- loyment, and thus not only make them act- B broducers. but cansumers also. But it is well to ask, can we adopt the elght-hour workinz day in_this country, un- der existing conditions? 1 reply, no. "Btill, however, the difliculties in the way can bé easily removed if we have the will to do so, In thie first place we must have a levelling up of the conditions of the working people of our country: Thoro must be u systow udopted of making wages more uniform than they now are; alsoa system to have wages paid according to the value of thie products—the same wages 10 be paid to women as is paid to men, on the basis of price of product, “The movement must be national. A sec- tional enforcement would be suicidal, for the employers of labor in one state cannot competa with those of other states, It longer hours of labor are allowed. HON, LELAND STANFORD, United States senator from Calitornia, be- lieves Iu_ paying for labor by the hour be- cause it is the fairer way. “In some labor eight hours is as long as 8 man should be en- gaged, but in other kinds of labor men can work ten and _twelve hours without detri- ment to themselves, We find it on our road, the Central Pacitic, more satisfactory 1o« and {o the men, t by the hour and per- it the men o 'w s long as they choose, 1find that the greater part of them usually orefer to work ton hours. These men haye abor to sell and the amount they sell of it we leave to their own judgment. 1 think it waould be beiter it this rule sliould prevail syery where. Labor is a comnnodity, its value depends upon the demand for it and its power of production and cannot be regu- Iated by logislation. 1f one man can pro- duce as much in eight hours as another man can produce in ten he ought to be paid as much, not by the length of time he'is em- ployed but by the amount that he produces Most employers on the Pacitic coast work their men wore than eight hours and we hayve done itourselves. Ldonot think that it is injurious to a man who stud iety and is regular in Lis habits to work hour: day and I know a great many uien who ean safely work twelve hours without njury to themselves, and produce good results, but such men ought to be paid according to th amount of the service they render and not b the time they occupy i performing that s vie “1 belieye In the elevation of labor and I hink that the hest way to reach that is through co-operation. That is the cowing | system and it will not be many years before wost of the labor 1n this country” will be per- formed by co-operotive societies, so that tho: who are éngaged in labor will iy in the profits they produce. There should be a partnership betwesn labor aud capita— They cannot succeed separately or at odds and’T think that work ought to be ged 1o forwm co-operative associa- HON. WILLIAM D. KELLY, the famos Pennsylvauis protect ouist an congressman, writes: “Iam olds enough to have participated in the struggle of hor work- ing people for the_establishment of the ten hour system in Philadelphia; and young enough to remember the denunciations that were poured upon the heads of the partici- pants in wnat was called that_revolufionary movement for the shortening of the hours of Iabor. 1 have long belleved that if the eight lionr system of labor for both man and ma- chinery prevailed throughout the industrial world, there wonld be less suffering, n gre e duration of life and a higher and neral degree of contentment among alth producing community throughout the world,"” GEORGE 1. FOX, president of the association of Master Masons, Chieago, writ *“The eight hout systen is one that have will to be settled by demonstration instead of by argument. The association has accepted the eight-hout rule, now it remains o be scen what the effect of this action will be, It can be seen at onee that it will require an increase of 20 yer cent, either of the numbers em- Dloved ot of lenath of time in which to crect abiildine. Neither of these would serye to add materrially to the cost of construetion, but there will bean inerease in that direction by an inerease in the wages of the attendant Taborers, such as hod-carriors, mortar-m cte. Heretofore their wages averaged cents per hour. Two hours less work per day for them will be a greater reduction than they could stand, so it’ will_bo agreed that their wages be advanced under the eight-honr system, to twenty cents per hour. They will then earn fifteen cents per day los do under the tei hour-system. le cost of constriietion will very slight, but it will acgregate into A very respectable item, both in the cost to the builder and the ainount earned by the laborer. THOMAS A, ARMSTRONG, editor of the Nafional Labor Tribune, of Pittsbiag, Pa., and a strong champion of the workingien, “Lam most assuredly in favor of the eighthour work-day. For a time it will undotibtedly increase the cost of production but that matter will regulate itselt as itdidon the introduction of the ten-nour system. The most important reason for the reductions of the hours of labor is in the need of workingmen for greater leisurg for intel- lectual and moral improvement. The condi- tion of the laboring man at the presont time is from bad to worse and from worse to bad again, The eauses of the present industrial distress may be summed up as usury of jioney, usiiry ot corporations and usiry of and. SENATOR MGNRY L. DAWE isetts, a member of congress since Tihe present troubled condition of s between employer and employ waken anxiety in all earn is the true reniedy, it vould, in my opinion, be for anybody to attempt to formulatd in_exact words. In my judy- ment different remedies must be applied in ditferent sections and under the different conditions which necessarily arise in the great varlety of employments and_invest- ments ot ¢ l“ml by the employer. Ican hardly think that ono Inflexible rule applica- ble to all existing conditions will be a solu- tionof the problem. When both employer and omploye sl bettor understand each ather's rights, and be ready to recognize each other’s necessities, some” real advance will have been made. In some kinds of employment, profit-sharing must ultimately do_ mucli toward over-com- ing this distance and making & community of rights and interest. In other kinds of en- ployment this principal will notbe applicable The public mind is now generally tur ned towards arbitration. L am hopetul that much good in the present condition of affairs wilt come from a_willingness on both sides to submit to the decision of others differen. tiiat cannot be reconciled without. A manent board of arbitration created, in state matters, by the state legislatures, and in mat- ters pertaining to inter-state commerce,by the United States, will, in mv opinion be profer- able to hoards of ‘arbitration selected for special cases. 1 look, however, with more confidence to the employer and employe working out for themselves in a_spirit of moderation_and mutual concession perma- nent good, rather than to expect i the hands of legislation, JAMES REDPATI, abolitionist and Irish land reform writes: 1 favor the eight-nour work day,~ Whether or not it wili increase the cost of production of goods is of in itely less importanco to a democratic civiliz tion than the more equitabie distribution o wealth, leisure and intellectual advantages, Better’ dear goods than cheap men. The most imyortant produets of a republic are not its manufactures, but its citizens. Long nours make shoddy Americans. MISS KATE FIELD, On general principles 1 favor the eight- hour work day; but there are possibilitics to by ed. ' With present wages and un- immigration will not the labor market be oven more overstocked than now? Eight hours of severe mental or bodily labor are all that can well be given_out of twenty- four. Nevertheless, where is the man or woman of great achievement that has not for long periods given many more. Em- phatieally workien need greater lelsure for self-improvement, but the absence of d will remain a lamentable fact in the major- ity. ~ 1f fewer hours of labor mean more hours of lonting and dissipation, the change will be fraught with evil. HON., FRANK LAWLER, member of congress from Chicago, IiL., ex- president of the Ship Carpenters and ‘Ship Caulkers' association and member of the louse labor committee, says: “If the eight hour system was In practical operation in_the United States, it would be the means of putting to work the million and a half unemployed men. It would give the country a better educated class of working- men and make the country more prosperous in every respect. The bést argument that can be used 1 favor of the eiiit hour work day is found in the fact that those who work the fowestnumber of hours are always the best paid.” REV. ROBERT COLLY! “I favor the eight hour woric HON, CHARLES .C COMSTOCI, manufacturer, of Grand Ryads, Aich: <1 believe that all laborers who wish to earn their living and thrive, desire to work at Least ten lours a day and get full pay for it, No euployer can pay more por hour for elght hours a day than he can for ten, and if there is any proiitin his business.not 5o much. Tho timo hias gone by when eniployers can rease ouably expect large profits by giving employ: ment to laborers In this country, unless they hold a_monopoly on their product. As a manufactuser, | o not objoct ta the ‘ruinin of our machinery only elght hours u day our Lielp can afford it.” P. K. STUDEDAKER, inatalk on the eixht hour question, said that manufactured goods would undergo an increase of @ per cent in value as soon as the movement became successtul, He said the effect would be the starting up of swiall cstablishments, in which the proprietors would work as long as they pleased, and cventually drive the large manufacturers out of business, cannot but minds, Wi the note advoeate TARLES I SCIWAD thought that an immediate increase in the cost of manufactured goods would result, but said he was in favor of i it a triall M, HENDERSON & CO, cement of an elght-honr Law would result injuriously to members of labor organizations, and that a new scale of prices for manufactired goods wouid result. CIRISTOI HOTZ, of the Schuttler wagon factory, says that to en the hours of lubor would naturally ase the cost of manufactured goods, on the supposition, of course, that the men were to receive the same pay. 'He also says the manufacturer figure st of labor pre- cisely ‘as he did raw waterial, and only placed a sufticient margin on the product to cover its cost aud leave a small per cent of protit, [ think the en JAMES 8. KIRK & €O,y s0ap makers, 0, say If’ they are re- quired to pay ten hours' wages for eight Hours’ work thelr foreizn business will come to an end at once, s tiey are now exporting soap on i bare wiargin of protit and are just able o compete Wit the” forelgn manufuc- urer. HAMBURG - AMERICAN Packet Company. A DIRECT LINE FOR England, France & Germany, ‘The steamships of this woll kuown line are built of lon, i water-tight compartments, and are furnishod with every requisite to make ihe pussage both sufe und agrocal They carry the United States and Europoan malils,and leave New York Thursdays and Saturdays’ for Py. fifi‘l‘“gl’ (LONDON),Clierboug (PAKIS and HAM Koturning, (he stoamers loave Humburg on Wednesdays and Suudays, v 0, tuking cngers at Southampton and London. 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At uRth Conatitution. ‘he Scienco of Life is asuperb und masterl; 186 on nervous and uhyllcul debllit Fo: Addressthe Peabody Medionl Institute. or P ol sttt Bonton. Mase: tod on il dlsensos roauiring LG AR CUMNALS. Ol3oAbes B ing sl oo erahyb clu n apsealy. Eshiod Shcoeastully withous an . Rétace Mention Omuha Bed. Nebraska National OMAHA, NEBRASKA. Paid up Capital. ...... Buplus May 1, 1885 H. W. Yares, President. A.E, TouzALiN, Vico Presidont. W. H. 5. HuGues, Cashler, DIRECTORS: W. V. Morsx, Jonx 8. CorLiNg, H. W. Yarss, LewIs 8. REED, A. E. TouzALIN, BANKING OFFICE: THE IRON BANK, Oor. 12th and Farnam Streots. General Hanking Business Transastsh WOODBRIDGE BRO'S, State Agents FOR THE DeckerBio's Pianos Omaha, Neb, ELEL WeRk MEn! EE‘EP.‘{-V#.’.’;‘EZ'M:J‘#‘.‘.‘ AN A Ry 3 8 gl vt Ll RE '?' filnfi'l oL B ! Adbpted by a1 2 Bl iy’ piecnastully Tl proptl T BABYEARRIAGES ONE OK MORE AT WHOLESALE PRICE: 1 PAY all exy il points within millos. 10004 t from. 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