Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 4, 1881, Page 3

- -~ ANTIETAM. A Vi:it to the Scenes of Deadly Struggle Nineteen Years Ago. Recollections of Eye-Witnesses of the Battle. Special Corresponence Cincinnati Commercial. SuarrspURG, Mp,, September 29, —Nineteen years ago a small company of citizens of Frederick, impelled by curiosity, sought the roof of one of the hotels in that little provincial city of Western Maryland, and watched the invading hosts under the rebel chioftain, Lee, as they disappeared across the Catoctin Mountain, en route to South Mountain and Antic- tam. Turning their faces1dly to the south and east this little group of non- combatants, witnessed a scene far more pleasing to their sight, The far-away landscape was traced with that which, uuder the bright rays of the September sun appeared to be rivulets of quicksilver floWing :radu- ally up-hill and down and through field and woodland towards a common center in the wake of the distant ene- Soon the burnished streams de- ed mto glisteni columns of invincible steel, and ona nearer ap- proach the bronzed faces and weary forms of the tried and gallant veterans of the Army of the Potomac loomed up and inspired a feeling of conlidence in this section of the country. THE FIRST GUN, Skirmishing lines were thrown out by the Union forces, and after leaving | the Monocacy had frequent brushes with the rear guard of the enemy. As the several columns reached the outskirts of the city the little party on the roof saw a lone company of rebel cavalry ride back from the direction that their main army had taken and dash down the national pike to enfage what they afpm'ently assumed was but a line of skirmishers. Reaching this advancing troop the rebels dush on with a char- acteristic yell, but at that instant the Federals divided and disclosed a bat- tery of artillery which had been mask- ed by the infantry. The Johnnies turned about and dashed back, but the gun was turned at the same time, and the mateh was applied. In the excitement attending the anticipated annihilation of the rebel visitors, how- ever, the piece was disarranged, and, instead of destroying the enemy, killed all the horses attached to the battery, and did no turther damage. This was really the first gun in that celebrated campaign, which began the next day in fatal earnest in South Mountain, and ended three days later on the fields of Antietam surrounding this modest and slow-going old town. To obtain a comprehensive idea of the extent and character of the con- flict between McClellan and Lee, and a proper conception of the country through which they fought, the visi- tor should start on a trip to the bat- tle fields, either from Frederick or Middletown, and traverse the National pike. This now famous road, while an excellent and well kept thorough- fare, is prominent for two things—its historical reminiscences and its toll gates. Braddock’s army used it in 1755, on its way to Fort Duquesne, and Lee ed over it as far as Boonesboro, in falling back to Antie- tam. Leaving Frederick in the early morning to-day, the Commercial cor- respondent drove over this old pike, which taps one of the most pictur- esque and wealthy portions of the state. Reaching the summit of the Catoctin mountain, four miles west of Frederick, a most chirming view is opened up to the eye. Lying just be- low is the celebrated Middletown val- ley with its fertile and highly culti- vated fields stretching for miles in both directions, and dotted at fre- quent and irregular intervals by com- modious farm-houses and large white barns peculiar to this territory, while Jjust beyond, across this rich tract, are the South mountains, forming an ap- propriate backbround to the beautiful picture, Middletown lies about the center of this valley, a thriving single-street village, closely built up for a mile along the pike. Heroe McClellan as he came along with = his myriads of armed patriots stopped long enough to engage the services of a number of old residents to pilot the Army of the Potomac through the fastnesses of South mountain, and little urging did the people need, as to use their own expression, ‘‘McClellan couldn’t get the rebels out of this country too soon.” All of these old guides have passed away and not one could be found to-day. BX-PRESIDENT HAYES AS A SOLDIER, The houses and churches of Mid- dletown were thrown open during and after the South Mountain fight, and in a few hours were filled with wound- ed and dying soldiers. Among those brought here for treatment was ex- president, then colonel, R. B. Hayes, who, when the brave Reno fell on the summit of the mountain, was brought away with a bullet through his arm. He found a soft couch and kind nurses at the modest home of old Cap- tain Jacob Rudy, a prominent Mid- dlutownfi:flerchant and farmer, who the day before had been one of the volunteer guides of the army. The home of the Rudys is on the south side of the main street, near'the lower extremity of the town, Itisa neav two-stery, double brick dwelling, and prominent in its good condition and the comfortable and home-like air which surround it. The interior is neatly and simply furnished, and bears many evidences of woman's handiwork and 1. Old Captain Rudy was too liberal and gencrous for his own good, and although pop- ular and comparatively successful in business died after Mr. Hayes’ acces- sion to the presidency, leaving his family in greatly reduced circum- stances. He felt that Colonel Hayes, a8 he still called him, would grant to certain members of his family em- ployment under the government, and while Mr. Hayes did appoint the only son of Captain Rudy to a place in the Baltimore custom-house, the father felt that he would make one of his girls postmistress at Middletown, and he died impressed with this idea. Af- ter hus demise one of the Misses Rudy went to Washington with this object in view, and while for some reason she was led to believe the change | would be made, she was disappointed. 1 tried for the place,” she said, to day, ‘‘because it was father's wish; but | we never pressed the subject, because [ the [ 1arge fanly.” present postmaster is a man of The incident of Col. Hayes’ wound, and his sojourn at the home of the Rudys, has been frequently used by unfriendly correspondents as an evi- dence of lack of gratitude on the part of the ex-president, and some have even added color to their sensational letters by deseribing the Rudy home as a dilapidated hut, and the family’s condition as ong of extreme poverty and want; but my interview with Miss Rudy did not leave any impression that they considered their former guest and patient as ungrateful in the least. The people of Middletown re- member Mr. Hayes well, and speak of | him as having been eccentric, obtain- ing this opinion from the fact that during his convalescence he was in sidewalks of the town in taking exer- cise and confining himself to the street or pike. Mrs. Hayes was here | also at that time, having been sum- moned by a telegram from the battle- | field, | SOUTH MOUNTAIN, | Four miles beyond Middletown is a | toll gate immediately at the base of South Mountain: Asthe writer drove | up to this wointa young shoemaker {left his beneh in the gate-house and eame out to collect the road tax. “You ave just a mile and a half | | from the summit of South Mountain, he in reply to an inquiry. | ““Then this is near where the battle began ¢° . | “Yes,” said he. “The Federals {were on that hill just over there,” pointing to some plowed fields off to the left and rear, ‘‘and the rebels were just up there,” indicating a ridge back of the gate to theright. Furtherthan this the young artisan was ignorant, pleading youth as an excuse, A rus- tic bystander ventured the information that the hardest fighting was off to the left, up the mountain, on the Sharps- burg road: Drivimg on for a fourth mile, a road was found leading from the pike along the.side of the mountain, acroes to the Sharpsburg road. A short distance down this road an old farmer was en- gaged in setting a new panel in a post and rail fence. ““Were you here at the time of the fight 2’ Giving an affirmative nod, he gave his version of the fight between Hooker and Stonewall Jackson, better known to history as ‘““Turner's Gap,” in the following original manner: “The Yankees lay just over there on that hill, and the rebels back here on that ridge. Whe rebels had a bat- tery of two guns, one of which the Yankees dismounted and drove them back on Mountain Ridge, beyond the first ridge. Then they got them on the run, and Longstreet came down to reinforce them, but it was too late. The rebels then fell back to Antie- tam,” Leaving the primitive historian at his work, I drove along the mountain road which joins the Sharpsburg road, about a mile from the pike. Half way acrogs an open space in the woods gave an excellent view of the first positions of Hooker and Jackson on that bloody 14th of September, 1862, The federal position was 1n the open country, on the western side of the valley, at the foot of the mountain, and on a hill capped by fields, whose fertility and high state of cultivation would warm the heart of the most fastidious farmer; an exposed position with scarcely a tree to afford a shelter. The position of the enemy, on the contrary, was apparently ‘almost im- pregnable, and a natural vantage ground in a fierce conflict as that which raged there: Theridge —South Mountain Ridge as it is called—is covered with great bowlders and rocks, concealed by a heavy growth of tiees, and behind this again a second rally- ing point is Monument Ridge, a wilder and more inaccessible mountain region. There Jackson made his Jsecond stand after losing his initial position until driven back through Turner Gap and down the opposite side of the moun- tain, The conflict on the Sharpsburg road must have been even more haz- ardous and trying to the union left under Burnside, who entered the road a mile or two west of Middletown and forced ther way to the top and through Crampton’s pass, leaving be- hind them a bfoody wake only equal- ed by the forcing of the Antietam bridge by the same brigades a few days later. The Sharpsburg road is a narrow, tortuous defile up the mountain side, of suflicient width only for a single vehicle to pass and bordered on either side by rocky fields, bluffs and woods. A wilder region could scarcely imagined. Near the summit, at a point where the road is cut almost bodily out of the rocks, it is lined on the left by a high stone wall which extends upward for a dis- tance of probably a quarter of a mile, and at the upper extremity another wall runs off at right angles along the edge of a deep woods. It was here that the first hardest fighting of the day occurred. The mountaineers say that the rebels threw a Mississippi regiment across the road here and op- posed Burnside’s diyision, and that this southern troop came out of the first shock, leaving one-half of their number lifeless in the road or behind the stone wall, “‘HEKE'S WHERE RENO FELL,” There are few traces of this battle to be seen now; but one souvenir re- mains which will be ever regarded with tender interest. It is on the summit of the mountamn, a plowed field recently inclosed with a stake and rider fence and is a short distance above the stone fence referred to above. About a hundred yards back from the road, an old chestnut tree stands guard like a sentinel m the clearing, and just east of it] an ordinary mountain rock about three feet high bears the unique inseription: ““HERE'S WHERE RENO FELL,” This spot at the time of the fight was an open place in the mountain, but becoming the property of Mrs. Admiral Dahlgren, who has a sum mer residence in this locality, it was enclosed. ot far from this field is a little hut which has become notorious in history. 1t was formerly the habi- tation of an old mountaineer, since dead, who contracted with the Union authorities to bury some of the dead confederates who fell at that point. The old ogre had been digging a well the habit of ignoring the primitive | THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: 'l‘ljl-]sj)‘\_\' alongside of his hut to supply wat but to secure more money in it asa tomb, concluded to transform it into one. He accordingly dragged the bodies of the dead rebels to the well by a rope tied around their necks and dumped them in with littlo or no cere- mony, like the carcases of so many brutes. Tradition has it that he dis- posed of three-score in this manner, and it is also sad that the govern- ment, hearing of his original and bru- tal mothod of interment, refused to pay him for his service (7). After the war the remains were disinterred and buried in the Confederate National Cemetery at Hagerstown. A short distance west of this point is Crampton’s Gap, from which this portion of the battle of South Moun- tain took its name, TURNER'S GAP, At the summit of the South Moun- tain, on the National pike, is what history knows as Turner's Gap. Here at the time of the fight between Hook- er and Jackson, George Smith kept a tavern, which was famous all through Western Maryland; but this hostelrie is no longer aland mark in the moun- hand- tain. Iu its stead one sees a some summer re co with beautiful surroundings, and 18 told that it is now the property of Mrs, Admiral Daighren, the widow of the renowned naval hero. She expended thousands | of dollars in its transformation, and each sumner vetires from the Nation Capital to this mountain_cyrie, wh z sho enjoys the pure and health-giving air, and oceupies er time in_ enter- | taining visitors and doing little acts of | kindne: ug the families of the mountaine Even now she is hav- ing built a handsome chapel in which the surrounding inhabitants may meet for wership and instruction. Three and ahalf niles west of South Mountain is Boonesboro, where the Boonesboro and Sharpsburg turnpike breaks away from the National road and stretches away to this town through Keedysville. One mile be- yond Keedysville on the top of the hill a short distance back from the pike is a neat looking, square brick farm house, nestling in a scanty grove of trees and occupying a position over- looking the hills beyond the Antietam two miles away., This was the head- quarters of General McClellan during that terrible 17th of September fight, and commanded a full view of all the movements, excepting those of Burn- side's left wing. ANTIETAM'S BLOODY FIELD, Beyond the Antietam a stccession of hills extend from the mountains on the south to the Hagerstown valley on the north. On the crest of one of these hills, directly in the center and bordering on the Boonesboro pike, is situated the national cemetery. This was Lee's center position in the first of the fight, and the spot where he had several batteries planted bearing on the federal left and center is now marked by the monument erected to the memory of the loyal dead who are buried there. From this point one has a full view of the Antietam, of the celebrated ‘‘Dunkard Church,” of “‘Bloody Lane” and of every portion of the field, except the ravinesthrough which Burnside charged the hosts under Longstreet and captured the famous Burnside bridgze. The Dunk- ard church is on the Hagerstown pike, about a mile north of this town. It is a small brick structure and bears none of the evidences of the fearful slaughter which took place all around it. Just in front, and to the north of the church, are the fields which ran red with the blood of both sides. To the north, and some distance east of the road, is a small orchard, where General Mansfield lost his life in the early carnage. BLOODY LANE is nearer Sharpsburg, and looks any- thing but what its name implies. {t is a narrow road, which rins between the hills down to the Antietam, near the Boonesboro pike, and gives to the farmers of that region an outlet to a mill on the river, Old veterans, who come here and,go over the field, say that it was the death mart of several thousand confederates. The slaugh- ter occurred there, as Hooker par- tially surrounded Jackson and drove him inwards towards the Dunkard church. The soldiers’ tradition is that Jackson, with the energy and dash peculiar to him, supposing that there were many raw men with Hooker, planted a contingent in the lane, where, sheltered from view, they were to charge at an opportune moment and break through and dis- organize that portion of the left wing, Had the effort succeeded it would have been a disastrous one for the Union forces, but it was not only abortive, but showed the new line of battle to the federals, and the lane, literally speaking, became a perfect slaughter-pen. BURNSIDE'S BRIDGE. On the extreme south of the battle- field is Burnside's Bridge, a primitive double-arched structure of lstone, where the fight was fearfully unequal and the slaughter was frightful, Look ing at this point now one cannot mar- vel at the loss of life attending the passage of the Antietam here, The bridge spans the river in one of the gorges among the high hills and di- rectly on the opposite side is a high bluff, from the top of which the rebels disputed the right of way to the union left. Charge after charge was made, and finally, after repeated assaults, the bridge was won and the bluffs cap- tured, There are no traces of the battle left beyond those which history gives, There were no breastworks, embank- ments, or any of those more promi- nent agencies of defense which always mark the march of a fleeing invader through a hostile conntry, None were needed, as nature supplied all; and just here the visitor cannot but wonder that to this day the question of victory for the union forces should be disputed, or that South Mountain and Antietara should be spoken of as drawn battles. Governor Bradford, at the ication of the Antietam comete 0, gave as the compara- tivestrength of the two armies in that fight, gleaned from records of bath sides in the War Department Lee 75,- 000, McClelland 70,000; and with the advantage of position if the story should have been differently told after that memorable day there could have been even then little provocation for fault-finding, At South Mountain we find the Union forces stormiing heights, scaling the steep mountain sides, and overcomingalmost insurmountable ob- }is ma e to carry, througi th conflict was Antiotam, although the more equal, the enemy again possess ed the vantage ground and it was nothing but the impetuosity and pa- triotism of our troops that turned the tide of battle, . K. e Martzolf, of Lancaster, Brossoum work 50 conts, re- octdeodlw Buoklin's Arnioa Salve. The best salve inthe world for euts, bruises, sores, ulcers, salt rhoum, fever sores, tetter, chapped hands, chillblains, corns and all kinds of skin eruptions, This salve is guar- anteed to give perfect satisfuction in every case or money refunded. Price, 256 per box. For sale by Tair & MoManos, Omaha. Pain is a blessing. 1t 1o disease Whenever the boweis become frregiil, use Tarrant’s Seltzer Aperient, It will save much pain and dancer Nature someti 1 es 18 #0 ontraged by the 1 that she chiliven, that s fearfully. when the symy aperient, any SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS Whose complexion betrays some humiliating imperfece tion, whose mirror tells you that yon are Tanned, Sallow and disfigured in countenance, or have Eruptions, Redness, Roughness or unwholesomo tints of conflilexlon. Wo say use Hagan’s Magnolia Balm. Itisadelicate, harmless and delightful article, (rroduclng the most natural and entranc. ing tints, the artificiality of which no observer can detect, and which soon becomes pere manent if the Magnolin Balm Is judictously BT 2> WHSTY No Changing Cars OMAHA & CHIGACO, Where direct connections are made with Through SLEEPING CAR LINES for NEW YGRK, BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, WASHINGTONY AND ALL EASTERN ITIES, The Short Line via. Peoria Eor INDIANAPOLIS, CINCINNATI, LOUIS. VILLE, and all points in the THE BRAT LINE For ST. LOUIS, Where m"?wfl"!‘.hm‘l?nm e ::lmolm tg:' Unlon Depof e Through Sleepin, Lines for ALI:‘%UINTE ¥ SOUTEX. NEW LINEr:DES MOINES THE FAVORITE ROUTE FOR Rock Island. ‘The uneqvaled inducements offered by this line to travelers and tourists are as follows: The celebrated PULLMAN (16-wheel) PALAOCE LEEPING CARS run_only on thlfi line " C., B, ining Chairs, The famous C., B, & 3. 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