Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, August 17, 1881, Page 3

* THE RED ROVERS. Red Cloud Heads the Embassy From the Bad Faces. White Thunder the Sole Rep- resentative of the Brule Band. Standing Bear Brings Up the Rear with a Gang of Lousy Poncas. Spotted Tail—His Death and Particulars Thereof. An Intelligent Omaha Man on the Indian Question Sloux City Journal, August 14, The Sioux chiefs arrived yosterday on the train from Yankton. There was Red Oloud; the veteran chiet of the Ogallalas, clad in a wool hat, a black alpaca coat, moccasins and a cane. Young-Man-fraid-of- His-Horses, second chief of sama band, and Sword, captam of the \Ogallalas, The Yanktonais of Crow creek were represented by Wizi, their old war chief, White (host and Buflalo Ghost. These three form a dusky trinity equal in power and glory, for there is no head chief among the Yanktonais. The management of tribal aftairs is mutually committed to them, something on the Roman con- sul equal partnership plan. Standing Bear, the old chief of the Boston Poncas, headed the embassy from that tribe. Mr. Bear and his band have had no annuities since leaving bleeding Kansas, and so their raiment is not up to the Indian swell standard. The leader of the band that made Schurz so much trouble by returning to the hunting grounds of their fathers was dressed after the manner of a homesteader who had lost two seasons’ ctops by grasshop- ers. His second chief, Old Smoke, and two head men, Bird's Head and Buffalo Chips, were not better clad. The garb of Chips was a very scedy <cqtton coat, a pair worn, brown duck- ing overalls, and a much-battered chip hat, with beadless moccasins. All the Poncas carried tomahawks, which murderous weapon contrasted oddly with their garb. But the center of attraction was WHITE THUNDER, the sole representative of the Brule band of 7,000 souls, and the successor of the recently slain Spotted Tail. White Thunder is a large, well-built man, about 50 years old, with a kindly face shaded by glossy black hair that hung to his shoulders. This hair was not hke that of the Indian usually. It was wavy, almost curly., The re- orter had a good opportunity to see fiim as he sat by Rev. Jehn P. Wil- liamson of Yankton agency at the writing table in the Hubbard house, dictating a letter to his wife at Rose- bud agency. The chief was clad in a o Al pRoateos ROt arate whils hat, blue trousers and moccasins, His not unpleasant face was wreathed with an ample smile at times as he dictated the message home. SPOTTED TAIL'S DEATH. The interpreter, Rev. Mr. William- son, atter he had finished writing the letter, granted the reporter a few minutes talk about the death of Spot- ted Tail. He knew nothing about the matter personally, he said, as he was stationed at Yankton agency, a long way from Rosebud, where the tragedy occurred. All that he knew he had heard from the Indians who came in with him, Spotted Tail had stolen the wife of a lame member of his tribe, whose name he did not re- member, and consequently had been keeping out of the sight &f his people for several days previous to the time set for leaving for Washington, But on the day of the killing Le came from his own house to the agency build- ing. After finishing his business there he started on foot to go to the council tent some little dlstance off to have a final talk with his head men before leaving for Washington. On his way he was met by Crow Dog, who was driving in his wagon. Crow Dog jumped to the ground and level- ing his gun shot Spotted Tail through the body, the ball entering on the right side and passing through the heart came out on the left side. Spot- ted Tail made a motion as if to draw his revolver from his pocket, advanced a step or two toward Crow D(g, and fell dead. Crow Dog jumped into his wagon and drove off and had not been seen since about the agency. ‘There were no words between them, Spotted Tail when & young man, be- fore he was made made chief, having killed a brother US Crow Dog. Henry Foritenelle, one of the Oma- ha aelegates, had talked with the Sioux since their arrival. He said that from what he could hear Spotted Tail's having STOLEN THE WIFE of the lame Indian had nothing to do with his killing, The abduction had been settled by Spotted Tail sending the injured husband four ponies, Crow Dog had nething to do with the matter one way oranother., He had a quarrel of his own, and one of long standing. This quarrel had been re- vived by the dismissal of Crow Dog from the position of captain in the police force, which dismiasal he at- tributed to Spotted Tail's influence. No disturbance is likely to follow Spotted Tail's death, Rev. Mr. Wil- liamson said White Thunder, the second chief, had been quietly elevated to the vacant throne, and matters were likely to go on as before, REMOVING THE PONCAS. Inquiry among the Indians devel- oped the fact that Poncas are opposed to the scheme of removing them from their old reservation, to which they claim & right under treaty to a new reservation, to be purchased of the Omahas. Spotted Tail in his lifetime had promised them that they should never be molested by his band on their reservation, and they had relied greatly on his influence at Washing- ton to secure the consent of the gov- ernment to remaining. They were very solicitous to know if White Thunder, his successor, was as friend- ly, but so far had drawn no expression from him on that point. FROM AN OMAHA STANDPOINT Henry Fontenelle, and intelligent and well‘educated Omaha, whose po lite manners and light comple shows traces of the early French oc- cupation of the Missouri valley, looked over his eye.glasses to say to the reporter in’ very good English that the Omahas were not favorably dis posed to selling a part of their re- servation to the government for the use of the Poncas. 1f the Poncas came to them naked and hungry, as the Winnebagoes did, they would take them in as the the Winnebagoes. But the Poncas have a good reserva- tion of their own, and are not willing to leave it. He knew this from what some of his tribo had learned while on a visit to Spotted Tail's camp some time ago 1t they sold any of their land they would prefor to m-fi it to white settlers, They had sold part of their old reservation to the Winnebagoes, and the Winneba. goes had stolen 140 of their ponies The present members of that tribe laid the thieving to the renegade members who have gone back to Wis- ccnsin, but the Omahas had lost the ponies all the same. Under tho treaty with the government, which treaty. the Omahas always kept, the government was to protect the tribe. It this meant anyihing it meant that the government would prevent other trives from stealing their ponies, and the claim for these stolen ponies would be urged during the visit to Washington. NDS IN SEVERALTY. In regard t taking lands in sever- alty the Omahas appear to be ripe for this ceasure. This tribe has the ad- vantage of other tribes in this part of the west, having neyer been moved from the home where they were found by tho earliest white explorers. When Lewis and Clark’s expedition came up the river in 1804 the tribe was found near the present town of Homer, just north of the line of what was after- wards their reservation. They have alwys been at peace with the whites, and so their progress toward civiliza- tion, though slow, has been steady. Their neighbors, the Winnebagoes, have been discouraged somewhat by their frequent removals by the gavernment from one reserva- tion to another, and so are scarcely yet rigu for takiag lond in severalty, though when the matter is presented to them, backed by a gentle influence, they can probably be brought to see the need of retaining enly as much of their reservation as they can use, and having the balance sold for their bene- fit. The up-river Sioux are scarely civilized cnough as yet t» abandon the village system and go on separate farms of their own. The matter will be discussed, however, at Washington, and if possible an entering wedge in- serted. BOUND FOR WASHINGTON, As there was no Illinois Central train out yesterday afternoon, the chiefs remained at the Hubbard house awaiting the train that leave this af- ternoon. Besides the Sioux and Ponca chicftains who arrived yester- day, they will be accompanied by Alex. Payer, Mitchell St. Cyr and White Breast, of the Winnebagoes, and Henry Fontenelle, Eba Houby, and Two Crows, of the Omahas, and two Brule braves, Cook and Milk, who go to visit their children now in the Carlisle, Pa., school. Col. Arthur Edwards, agent of the Omahas and Pancas, has cliarge of the party. His daughteraccompanies him ~Rev. John 15 \i’illinmsun goes as_interpreter for the Sioux. The tribes represented number as follows: Omahas 1,020, Winnebagoes 1,300, Yanktonais 1,200, Norther Poncas 180, Brule 7,000, Ogallalas 6,500. The Indian Question. The Louisville Courier-Journal says, cditorially: Maj. Gen. John Gibbon, colonel of the Seventh infantry, in his prize essay on the Indian question, to the study of which he has devoted a good deal of time, after sketching the history of surs and gradual encroach- ment of the whites upen the once vast Indian domam, and the bad results, morally and (otherwise, to the red brother, arrives at the conclusion that it is inevitable that he mustgo. Gen, Gibbon takes the ground that, while this is true, it is the bounden duty of the government to clothe and feed the Indians honestly. If this is done, he, as an officer with experience among the Indians, asserts that there will be no more Indian wars, That this is true is evident; for there has not been an Indian war during the last twenty T‘;fi“" (in which ‘such wars have been th numerous and expensive) which was not caused by the starvation tac- tics of the Indian bureau and the mean greed of Indian agents and traders, ( Gibbon makes the fol- lowing suggestion: The location and surroundings of our Indian tribes are so nearly 1dent- ical with those of our frontier garri- sons that the most natural suggestion is, they should be supplicd under essentially the same s,stem. Our troops, no'matter howremote or how isolated their station, are always sup- plied mn a satisfactory manncr with good, wholesome food, and it is only when unexpected moves take place or new posts are established that any difficulty arises, and it is then only temporary. - The army system of sup- ply and distribution is so well under- stood by the members of this institu- tion that is needless to dwell upon it any further than to remark on the fect system of responsibility en- ed, Unaer this some commissioned ofticer is always held to account for every ounce of supplies received for the the use of the troops, and the troops never need be badly supplied if the commanding officer attends to his duty; and not even then unless the other officers at the post neglect theirs, I risk nothing in the assertion that no such system of responsibility exists in the Indian department. = Without reference to individual commission- ers, I am satisfied from personal obser- vation that not only have they no such system in the Indian department, but so tar as I have been able to dis- cover they do not in the department understand the practical working or value of such a system. In the total absence of any such system, how is it possible for the Indians to receive, either in kind or in quantity, the articles for which congress appropri- ates the funds! Any business man can answer this question without the least hesitation, and yet in the Indian department they do not seem to ap- | of rasponsibility as near as possible to THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: preciate, or if they do, they utterly | fail to act upon it. 1 will illustrate what I mean by story 1 have heard |1t makes but little difference whether the story be true or not. Tt might very readily be true under the lack of system in the Indian depart ment, and it will serve to illustrate many similar transactions coming un der my personal observation, A herd of cows and calves to bo used for do. mestic and breeding purpose for a distant a_ency. When it there it was composed of all the broken down oxen and yearlings that could be picked up along the road. All the good cows and calves had been traded off on the way; but, re- markable to relate, the number of head was exactly richt, and, as long a8 the number was right, the receiv- ing agent made no objections, or, he did, he was, in western phraseol ogy, ‘‘made all right, tod.” Now, under the army system, any such transaction would be impossible, and any second lieutenant can toll you why it would be impossible. Let us, then, have the Indian department a system relating o in the west. that followed in the army. Attempts have been made at various times to make uso of army oflicers to check such loose transactions as 1 have re- ferred to, but the result has been either that the check was inetlectual, or, where frauds were detected and the guilty parties discharged, others were appointed to the vacant posi- tions, and the same old loose system commenced again. In some instances the inspection of supplies by the army officer wns carelessly performed, in others he was called upon or not to inspect, at the pleasure of the agent, mul the lack of inspection never seemed to make any difference in the settlement of the agent's accounts, Then, of course, the inspection as a whole can be mno check. In one notorious instance a most shameful attemnt was made to bribe the inspecting officer to pass a worthless lot of stores. There 18 no means of knowing how often such attempts have succeeded, but the result has been that the Indian de- partment and the army have become antagonistic. The former seems to consider iteelf pluced on the defensive on all subjects; and it is but too apt to regard with suspicion and distrust any suggestions coming from army oftigers. The interior department have charge of Indian affairs, its head must necessarily have the chief de- decision of questions arising in re- gard to Indian matters, and it not unfrequently happens that important military questions affecting the pro- tection of our frontier settlements are sometimes decided by the secre- tary of the interior in Washington. The general believes that Indians under military charge make more rapid progress in civilization than under any other influence, and he be- lieves that the vast majority of our 250,000 Indians can be justly and ad- vantageously disposed of by making cline, and in which they have greatly \vrnsperud wherever they engage in it. ‘e believe Gen. Gibbon is perfectly right about the advantages of military control of the Indians, ~ Had the In- dian bureau been transferred to the war department six years ago, there ~ would to-day be very noticeable quiet and improve- ment among the Indians. {Tmhar the present system they are contin- ually cheated and exasperated and driven to hostilities. Under mulitary control they would get their supplies as stipulated, and be rid of the pecu- lating trader and treacherous agent. It is, of course, useless to feed and clothe Tndians and let them live in idleness. The proper way is toset them up in business as herders and farmers, for nstance, and let them know that they are expected to exert themselves to “the utmost to supply their own wants. Father Stephan, of, Fort Yates agency, where Sitting Bull has been taken, said a few days ago toa St. Paul Pioneer-Press corres- vondent: There is but little encouragement in trying to induce an Indian to work under the present policy of the inte- rior department. When they have enough to eat their ambition is satis- fied and they will do nothing. As an illustration, I will refer you to my ex- perience, agency the Indians had scarcely enough to_eat, and, as a result, they cut and sold that year to contractors 2,400 cords of wood, Now they have a plenty of everything and will not work, Last year 1 received §700 and this year $300 to be expended in hir- ing Indians to chop wood. The gov- ernment authorized me to paythem per cord or an inducement of 5 cents a gord more than contractors pay. The result has been that T have had to refund the money to the govern- ment in both instances. The Indians scem to think white men are their slaves, and they often come to my oftice window and ask me to get uy from my desk and hand them a mat My opinion as to a proper llmli y would be to give an agency Indian 160 acres of land and issue rations to him for five years, with the distinet understanding from the very beg ning that after that time he must provide for himself. To hold the In- dian legally responsible for all depre- dations against each other, or against the white men, and vice versa, would have a beneficial effect. Father Stephan's sugeestions are good. At present an Indian is not a person, and has no legal responsibil- ity in theory, The Canadian system makes him legally responsible for criminal acts, The plan of issuing rations for five years with the under- standing that “the Indian is, after that, to take care of himself, will no doubt work well in a majority of cases, Some Indians, like Sitting Bull, cannot be induced to do any work whatever, but the very great success of the Five nations in Indian territory as farmers and stock raisers 18 evidence enough that the Indian, under proper incentives, can become a proaucer, The most valuable fea- ture of the present Indian policy is the education of Indian boys and girls at the government schools in Oregon, Pennsylvania and Virginia. There is a world of hope for the In- dians in the education of those chil- dren. 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