Norwich Bulletin Newspaper, October 23, 1915, Page 15

is a beauty, low in priee. Builders and pros] ‘your home. po— . Enameled plumbi are buildi xw}l bz};oenmfieled plumbing ware that has a permanent trade:mark, which is a guaran- KOHLER plumbing fixtures are noted for the beauty of the, quick-cleansing enamel; uniform in color." - . ‘We have 'a full line of these superior bath tubs, lavatories, sinks, ete. Lt * One-piece construction Every KOHLER fixture is cast in one piece. This mskre}; it hygienic and-quickly and easily cleaned. or remodeling can = There are no seams in which dirt can accumulate. KOHLER designs are"modern and artistic. /will admire the new. pieces we are exhibiting. See the new KOHLER ““Viceroy’’ built-in tub. 1t 7,-and, due to manufacturing economies, is You pective builders are cordially invited ‘to inspect our line of KOHLER enameled plumbing fixtures, which are always of one quality—the highest. 'Afikfiflmfbdhb tub will add to the elegance of PLUMBING SUPPLY HOUSE " Plumbers’, Mill Supplies - NORWICH, 'CONN. PANAMA TO ESTABLISH: His first step M s, d the departmentat pffices, erable reduction Hce force. - Must Gol The congestion-of the blood In "its flow causes pafn. Sloan's. Liniment Dpenétrates, tu’ the_congestion and starts the blood ‘to_flow. freely. The body’s Wwarmth is remewed: tho pain is gone. The “man ar woman who ‘has rheuma- tism, newmalgia or other pain-and fails' to keep Sloax’s yope” Why suffer. Sloan's. 250" and_ f0c. holds six times as much as 2oc size:: SN stion was the discharge 6f fhany-emploves in all y reduced T employes, including himself, of from 10 to 15 per cent. In order to better the financial con- dition of the country through payment of its current obligations and to liguidiate a treasury deficit berited ‘from- a previous administra<t tion an- effort is being made to ‘obtain AN ERA OF-ECONOMY, d ,giuonn.l Po- Heshas rede Rheumatism and Allied Pai ins—They ‘Biniment in their home ['ast- = is like a drowhing man refusing. Get. ‘bottle o Get Rid of Those Poisone in" Yo g System! k> a miost satisfacto, g the peisons from tem. Accumiblated wasta cause manifold * affments unless * Fe- ots _before gyes, blackness. and a miserable. foul- ing generally a ications thdt you need Dr. King's New Lifo Pills. Take 4 dose tonight and’Ydu will' eporience leassod. Dizziness, grateful relief by morning. You will find Dr. King'’s New., oy laxativedin struction purposes. S in 2! ! president, however, the ployes. In-| The expenses of the. financtal -economics and.refc Ofters of a in hopes of obtaining gress erm: & 9% 1:2 with § of bottie “this is being, sought, Everybody's Dolng It. - Now Austria, Who started this thing? Bul be along’ with a ‘el and e Dolfisl - o st Sufflol Kent chapter, D: A. R, at the home of Mrs,. james B; Tord il give an isterioy '0) wi ve lustrat: ‘The Yenuvlhn:; o i 2 new Ioan of $1,000,000. " Thils 1s to be secureq’ by a hong. issue-and wili be| come:part of the National debt which already amounts to $1,500,000, through a previous.bond issue for railway con- Both' the reduction in force and sal- aries were ordered by the president in opposition to ‘the advice and wishes of his political advisers whoifear that it will have a material.infiyénce “on {initiated was 26 years; of those who the presential election next year. The pointed “out that economics were' urgently ficeded to | prevent the country from ‘becoming vtterly bankript. He told them that the national treasury was practically empty and that many mekeshifts had to ‘be resorted to to qbtain sufficlent. money “to pay the salaties due to em- e sovernment haye beer consicerable in excess the revenue chiefly becatise in the past little or no atfention was paid to forms, and also. to/ the great falling off in Im- port..duties because of the war in Europe and ‘gegeral business depres- sion_throughout the republc itself. Joan have been made by & lpcal concern and alse one in New York. Negotlations are still in pro- Dbettep than 97 with 6 per eent, inter. The' vrvvip:ul leat van placed at T cent, Interest, An Joan, r}':fofllwd Wil have to have \th apnroval of the American government ot wants & war lsan, rie. wil Backk direchiy. o New “A meeting of Sibhll Dwight will ba held of South street this (Thuufl;{ge‘:efln talk - on full swing the offi- general, optimistic over their |prpectations ‘of greatly increased at- {fondances at the business meetings in ‘| spite of the fact that some of ‘the lo- cal lodge %6 have not been' over 2ull in past w “The X ‘members should remember that they have not only a brotherhood interest in their lodges, but a financial interest as well, and It is to their benefit to be present at the meetings that they may see how the affairs of the order are being ‘handled by the officers they have elect- ed to positions of trust. It is often the case that a majority of the mem- hers put in an appearance at the'time of the annual meetings, make ‘their choice of new officers in common with their brothet members and then lapse into a dormant state as' far as intef- est in the Jodge is concerned and then its up to the hard working officers to carry ‘the load. Some of the lodge netbers make it a point of aitendisg only when they have to, that is on the nights their dues are payable. ‘Some- times they don't even do that for one of the local officers stated only recent- Iy that they have to round up these members every once in a while or else they would be in arrears. “The fraternal pledge never meant as much as it does today, seid E, L. Young in an address delivered before the national fraternal press associa- tion. at Minneapolis, Minn., on Au- gust 26, 1915. “It has mever bejore j commanded the support of national and state authorities as today. ~The frateral benefit socleties have become the channel of philanthropy of the common people.” “The present demand, he continued, is that we turn to the task of putting new warmtheinto our socleties, fra- ternally and socially speaking. The people do ot realize that on its or- ganization side the lodge has become the most readily responsive institution of the day, because it is itself the voice |of a membership responsive to every need, unstified .and all powerful when under virile leadership.” UNITED WORKMEN. The report of Alphonse Collin, grand master workman of the Connecticut Grand lodge, ‘Workmen to the fifteenth annual con- vention held in New Haven, Thursday, emphasized the fact that the past year had been one of growth. The finan- cial condition of the order, he added, was beyond compare with @ reserve { accumulation of more than $427,000. Membership shows an increase of jabout 500 by reason of taking over the New York members. Initiation of | members in Connecticut lodges how- ever had -been disappointing. = They e not equalled the promises made by lodges to the Grand Master Work- man a year ago. By reason of an_appeal of the New Yorh members it was decided to reln- sure them under the terms of & con- Uact which finally was aproved by the diractors of the supreme lodge, and the insurance commisioners of New York and Connecticut. Grand Recorder George Stroh in his report showed that assessments to the beneficiary fund reached $188,068; to the guaranty fund $16,938, making a total of $184,007, The membership of the year was 4,534 made up of 3780 exisiting ‘members, 64 initlations, 97 reinstatements, and 503 recelved from New ‘York, while suspensions of 258 .!I‘g! ‘@eaths of 123 left the net total 4,128, Tne average age of members dieq 83, and the average membership 18 years. James R, Bloane, grana receiver in his report showed that the beneficlary fund ‘balance was. $81,371; the general fund balance to be 32,225; the inter- est fund $4,216; the reserve fund 339, 214; and the cash in the bank 333,496, Other reports were made by the fin- ance committee, Grand Medical Exam- iner F. H. Wheeter, the committes on laws and appeals, and the supreme representatives, DEGREE OF POCAHONTAS, The twenty first session of the great council of the Degree of Pocahont Reservation of Cennecticut, opened 10 o'alock Wednesday morning in the guorters of Indianolg eeuncll, I O, R. . in Judd's hall, New Britain, with over 100 delegatés present from = ail soctions of the state, Great Pocahons tas Annie O, Manos of Hartford Sr sided -and at the merning couneil g4 now mombere were RAmItied, - The following offcers were elested: veal . prophetess, Anna O, ee, ford; great Poomnontas, .Mame gflr‘km T wzng;‘l‘l-h. Bdith Myera, ollinsyifle; great Minhehgha, Himi Hinseldel, Rodkyille; grest keeper o Tampum, = Kate 0. Wellss eat ko;fw of yecerd, lh‘.i. xw-'q, - ext_year's eonvention will be heid at Rookyil The great Pecahontas instrusted the cenventlon af the ruling of the super- lor erganisation it the basis of rep: Tecentation at eexventions one delegate for l?fl}r::ml 0il :tn ggm ag:r av jor! it 166, . Poo"s'hum sappreved the etice of eleeting: hrothers as vepresentatives to the great counoll, During the past | great sun the erganimation gaineq FLU ‘members, the present membership be- t keeper of yecards, 1,847, art as follows; Members ann&een, G, B, D, 484, 1747 G length of 1in; | Reagets ives, 80th sup, -flnymr stated 4, ed 148, expellsq 8, withdrawn 4 | ceased 1, councils’ werking 18, gain gfln‘l‘:fl-'hlp h.".'m mraa amouny' recel | tor the n fund was $97. = ing total In In T Recelpts wers 3 M!Dl Per papite tax | dispensations, counol, tal peceipts foy e p g m’«fim g%,'m one sreat sun, 1t is not safe to let it go on, and not ng ecessary. A few doses of the time-tested - Hale’s Honey Of Horehound and Tar - : h{l“g that summer. 1s over and ths|hand, . $10617; disbureements Jake in meams op Ancient - Order United | Ftoor, B | b g&?{vflnl‘z ?xu @ membership of Kate C. Wells, great keeper of wam. bum; reported total receipts of $677.67, and ‘total disbursements of $480.90. : -+ EAGLES. Pldns are ‘being formulated for the organization of Norwich Aerie, No. 387, “New London - Aerie and Putnam erlo into'a district and a meeting will Held fn the fear future with this in view. Norwich Aerie expects to_réopen its charter for two months but the date‘of the Teopening has not yet been ahnbuficed. _ At their meeting In Eagles' hall on Monday evening the members of Nor- wich Aerie’ were favored with a visit from the state president, Thomas F. Alearn of New Haven and State Deputy James Tevlin of New Lon- don. Members of the New London aerie - were also present. The meeting was an umusually interesting one and much enthusiasm was shown in the business_transacted. .~ ODD FELLOWS. Uncas lodge No. 11 and Shetucket lodge No. 27, _held their respectivi business mbeetings in Odd Fellow: Hall on Monday and Tiesday evenings and the regular routine matters were transacted. The conditions of .Patriarchal Odd Fellowship in Connecticut were re. viewed in addresses presented at th annual session of the Grand encam| ment Independent Order of Odd ¥ ipws in New Haven on Tuesday. The session was held at 0dd Fellows' tem- ple and many delegates: were present from the subordinate encampments of the state. - i Grand Patriarch Clinton C. Buck, of | Winsted, presided. e gave an ac- count_of his official acts during the year and a resume of his v Illxlcns.‘ He reported -a great improvement in | the_ritualistic work in many of the encampments. Grand_Scribe Willlam S. Hutchison of New Haven gave a summary of the membership and receipts of the grand scribe office as follows: Number of subordinate ments July 1, 1914, 36; June 22, 1915, Sowheg, number subordinate July 1, 1915, 87, Membership—Members- July 1, 1914, contributing ‘members 5,208, non-co Y.ribulh’r members, 4;. total 5,210. The financial condition was reported oy Grand Treasurer Willlam J. Berges. A summary of his report follows: Recelpts—Oct. 1, 1914, To cash bal- ance as per last report $1,968.21; Oct. . 1915. Received from Grand Scribe, Interest in Citizens Savings Interest in Stamford , $6.67; total $4,192.49. Disbursements—Oct.~ 1, 1815. _Pald out on orders signed by the Grand Patriarch, $2.080.62; -Balance to the credit of the Grand Encampment $2,161.87; total, $4,192.49. The election of officers has already been announced. encamp- | reinstituted 6, 1; total encampments REBEKAHS, Hope Rebekah lodge, No, 21, held its regular meeting Wednesday' evening in Odd Fellows' hall, haying & good tendance, Routine business waa- dis- posed of and the question of holding a rummage sale was discussed. It was decided that one would be held in the Thayer building on Friday, Oct, 29 and the committes in charge wili £0 ahead with the preparations, After the business meeting adjourned the degree team held & seasion for prac- tice. p owLs, One new ‘member was admitteq In- to Norwich nest, No, 1398 at the bus- iness ‘meeting oOf the nest in Owis' hall on Tuesday ovening, The nest has made arrangements to ppen its yhist ‘season on Monday evening when the first whist ia ta be held instead of on Friday evening of this week as was previously announced, Other routine matters were transacted at the meeting, ROYAL ARCANUM, The summary. of membership and finances of -the Royal Arcanum on Beptember 30, 1015, pocording to the Rgyal Arcanum Bulletin, is as follows; Mombership—Last yoper} 844,782 applications since peesived, (423; rein. statements sinee received, B9; total 935,184; Bus, & Pen withd'ls, 1,084 deaths,. §00,- tetal,- 1,84; Approximate memby hxs 243,950; tetal npumber Ogunalla 1,800, J fi% B, Fund—Balanee last pe- port, l.Ilz‘n- received during the month, §699,814,53; transferred = frem Y Fumd, & 3saa) total ea ne: baiance an hand, $5¥0L1pL total ents from organisation ta_date, §178,785,080.58, mergeney Fund—Ameunt per last reaig, u.i:blfifl-l i ameunt sipee add. od, B7.348, ferped $a W. & O, B r-\mr B “i B?uqsem: 0o, 34,978,508, 45, Fzcess ' of Martuavy Reseuraes over all kg iabilitios, $5,417,58,43, Apprasimate alawat standing JE%inst eertificates under See. 30 (16) 853, B47. m guud—ia.ima. 1ast ;. received during the month, i -4otal, 353401975 paid during the _month, $15,015.45; alance on hand, $87,475.88, The. pxecutiva committea of the pestiout Biste Srpage, Hom man-of Stvatford, J. H.' Hale p enhyry . and d H, Healej 8f Wondstock—and State Maste THRRF Bherwood of aston, B, Toomis pf tenbury and m Blaze‘-yun of Bn:tfm, have arranged for tln uBl séssign pf the Connee- S Sl Sl n _-‘g.d “W’ Fanuary. (S and 18, ere will be & |-utu'l":g eohference, gmxv £8, Wednesday aftesnoon, Ona & | be given te eenferring o stxin degree, - Moos! B Ie?tm !rv- favorabi: n ‘ hllfiul ness m;a E Ben o, 3 oose hw-n"pfi%re Hill av- mm::fnsfil" fi?‘%‘-‘efiu’ll:d’ mn#_ Ton was &t his tate 1as- post, cturer Frank E. | d ] WOMEN’S and MISSES Merchants’ Week, $13.75 Va Manhaltan 121 - 125 Main Street The Quality Store of Norwlhoh" Offers Exceptional Buying Oi:po_rfunities in Smart Seasonable Apparel for This Week Only WOMEN’S and MISSES’ SUITS Merchants’ Week, $18.75 were to $25 Merchants’ Week, $24.50 were to $35 Merchants’ Week, $19.50 Value to $25 SPECIAL SALE OF DRESSES Merchants’ Week, $14.50 reduced from $20 Merchants’ Week, $22.50 reduced from $35 > COATS lue to $20 and not deserving of some criticism that has recently been made about the home. The committee in charge of the sup- per_given last Wednesday evening at the Buckingham Memorial reported that. this had been very ocessful and that the net proceeds had been a little short of $25. Notice was given that| the meeting in November, which is the 12th, there will be inspec. tion of the corps by the department president, Robertine Kelcey. LADIES' AUXILIARY. A. 0. H. Division No. 18 opened their whist season auspiciously on Monday eve- ning in Foresters’ hall. there belng a total of 25 -tables. The pries were awarded as follows. Ladies—First, handbag, Mrs. Wil- liam Browne; second, hand mirror, Misa Mary O'Nefl; third, book or poems, Mrs, M. B, Murphy. Gentlemen—First, necktle, Thomas Flelds; second, Combination set, Bd- ward Sullivan: third box of hand- kerchlefs, Michael ning, The scorers wers Miss Laura O'Nell, Miss Mary Nelan and Miss Bessie Kenealy. The gemeral committes in chargc comprised Miss Mamie Dunn, Mrs. Edward Sulllvan, Misey Laura O'Nefl, Miss May Maloney, Miss Bessle Ken- ealy and Mlss Mey Nolan. The next whist is to be hold on the third Mon- day night in November, MANCHESTER UNITY Hugh Osgeod lodge, No. 6920 held their regular business meeting in Ger- mania hall on Friday evening with o £00d aled attendance. The regular routing reports were presented and ac- cepted, ncreased interest s being shown in the whist tournement that is beinc played by Manchester Unity lodges in thiz mection of the county, Baltic played the loeal lodge Friday evening. The offielal standing to date is as followat Ramaritan lodge, Baltie, 14 points, Livington Jodge Plainfield, 13 points Rose lodge, Moosup, 11 pointa Osgood lodge, Norwich, 10 points Fort Grisweld 'lodge, New London § pointa, H, Gandner lodge, peints, On the evening af November 9 good lodge plays at Baltio, ORDER OF PROTECTION, The attendance at the business meeting of Thames ledge, No, 326, in Foresters' hall, on Tuesday evening was as large as expected mnd but lit- tle business was transacted, Prelim- Inary pians are being. formulated for 2 heliday social but nothing definite has yet been deme in the matter, JAPAN'S OUTPUT OF MUNITIONS FOR RUSSIA, - Centracts Bigned For War Supplies to the Valug ef $8,600,000, Tokio, Fapan, Oet, 83.—The output of war ‘munitions for Russia resulting from the recent agreement hetween Japan and fhe allies is already show- ing a great jncrease, Russian orders include rails Waterford, 4 cars, a- large guanti- w of yalls, sleepers, locomotives, as vell as guns, rifles, ammusition, boots and general leather equipment and Hloth, - | One consequence of the enlarged demand has Fize of steel bars on the h‘“ makret from $33.50 per ton to §87.50, with the upward ten- ency gontinuing, Various shoe fac. ugt-‘-ql:':aklan M‘Rmhl" ell,t- re: cefye from Russia a few days agg for l?(mm pairs of boots. A pontract has been pigned between the representatives of the Russian commercial house at Viadivistok and a merciaant of Osaka for the supply 35.?6‘5"".?“'? 9550000, the. orders 4o ,000 y: 1800, Ba_compl by April or May next. It understood porti tho phvinent for supply 3" Jupen of ‘war mi 4 .wlg :flhbyh-.- "}rh’!'fln n!gokin and Osaka will a sypdioate wi e wnwnMQMnko al.:-ndn {iate the isaue of the bills which it ia ‘will be acoepted without any of mecurity or guaran NAVAL STATION ON THE THAMES Has Not Experienced Such Activity in Half Century—Actions of Submarine Crews at New London Commanded— Contrast With Days in the Past. ng the almost half century ex-|ed in New London, which was a sort mlo)::- ®ihe’ naval station on the|of Fecraiting headnusriers. and Te. Thames, with its varied occupancics, | cruits were coming and going .from has nover shown s0 much activi'y as|Fort Trumbull. These recruits were at the present time, with the possibie | not all of the patriotic kind that are exception of the short period that the [read about nowadays, but there was training ship Minnesota was at the [mixture of substitutes, bounty jump- wharf as a nucleus for the naval train- [ers and the like, and all were not of ing station that was subséquently [the best type of citizenship and were transferred to Newport, through the|in the army for the money there was influence of certain raval officers who | in it, not the regular monthly pay, but wvere connected with the social life of | the big bounties and as many of them that efty, which was then more fash-!as they could get. In many instances ionable ihan it is today. After o|these fellows would enlist and get big careful Investigation of the station by | bounty, desert and enlist again with naval officers, who put the best in- |another bounty under assumed name, terests of countrr befors fashionable |and keep this game up, as long as soctety, and upon rtheir recommenda- [possible: until they were rounded up ilon, Secretary Danlels, after a per- (and sent to the fromt to desert again sonal examination, decided to make |at the first opportunity. No. all who the station a base for submarines. His | wore uniforms during the Civi selection was applauded, not only by |Were not patriotic, nor were ths the people of New London and the | soldiers, simply soldlers disguised. whole state, but by all who have —_ knowledge of its natural advantages, of ita location between the two biz cities of New York and Boston, with all the opportunities for underses Dractice, and also convenient to the Now London Ship and Engine Co. at Groton where this class of craft are in the main constructed, and where the boats can readily be repaired. New London was sor ‘war centre, or rather a place for preparedness, for Soldiers were whipped inte shape here for service at the front. At one time the Third United States artillery and the Fourteenth United States Infantry regiments were stationed here. It was these regiments that were being re- eruited and of course, intermixed with the true soldiers, were the crooks and bounty jumpers, and in consequence, the old magazine at Fort Trumbull was used as an additional guard house. It was a rare day when there was not a desertion from Fort Trumbull, aithough the reservation was closely guarded, and the breaches of disci- pline were so frequent that the sort of punishment of the time prevalled. It was nothing unusual for soldiers to be walking back and forth with ball and chaln attached to their legs, or to see them walk a prescribed pai ‘with a big plece of cord wood strapped to their backs. In severe cases men were strung up by the thumbs, and in cases of repeated desertion the of- fenders were branded D with a red hot irom, and then drummed out of the reservation to the tume of the rogues’ march. The establishment of the submarine base on the Thames is also a benefit to New London from another view slant. It means -an increase in bus- inees that is of much benefit as wouid be o large manufacturing establish- ment, purely from a financial stand- point, and not taking into considera- tion the prestige that will come to New London by the establishment of a naval base on the Thames. Most of the money paid the salors of the submarine flest will be spent right here in the city, as was demonstrated on pay day of the present woek. Nearly every line of trade was bene fited and after making all necessary purchases some of the saflors, many of them, enjoyed the luxury of auto- mebile rides. and took in the many pointa of interest’ Right here it should bs noted that no better-behaved set The soldiers in New London at that time were as much feared by the eit- izenry of New London any foe could be, and the military spirit pre- dominated, and all because there was Just enough sprinkling of bad men to cast reflection upon the whole soldjer body in New London. The soldiers’ chief antagonists were the bolfler makers, and there were hundreds of them in the city, and street fights were of frequent occurrence, and the fighters did not always rely on their fists and feet as means of assault and defense. The boiler makers usually carried a plece of metal of convenient size, while the soldiers used their beits. Leather belts with the large oval brass front plate bearing the let- they represent. They are a class of men that will command respect for themselves and their uniform, and there ts no fear of dlscrimination in ago. ters U. 8. and backed with lead. But all this mhhl-‘f a century I(Dh‘flm Speak .| then there have been many changes g R yours | and improvements in New London. the poi Y%hd | and even more In the army and navy wi ‘were the | a8 seen In the new New London. old navy gen Iiberty there drawn | RUSSIA’S SCCIAL CLASSES gy g MAKES INTERESTING STUDY e e T ears. | Distinetion Botween Man and Man, had enough to| and Family and Family Largely Tosd to be| Superficial But Law Recognizes the 3t | Four Divisions. -3 i (Special to The Bulletin) * Washington, D. C.. Oct. 22—*"Soctal i order to learn the details of the vast Bmpire's organisation and to will v offectiv class hatreds. The Russian noble mixes with o Russian merchant, and has no feeling, as a noble, of the in- superable guif between him and the peasant. In theory, at least, oppor- tunities for advancement and honors in the service of the goyernment are equal for all, as are the opportunities for education and social & ourse. In the sense accepied in Western Eu- rope, Russia, in reality, has no bour- geolsle, no aristocracy, and no prole- tariat. “However, the ence that Russia has no sc es s not strictly correct. as incongruous as-it seems, sians, the supporters are among the m. |ai peopies. In tions, the village com sian peasants possers an AiMOSt per: fect organization from the social deme- crats’ point of view while their nobles, onee freeholders, remade into servants of the state by he Great, and modified by succeeding sovereigns. have developed no strong class consciouse ness, no iron ons, and no isolating capr They con- prise rich and poor Russian citizens, citizens of high and low degree, citi- zens of e and llliterate citi- zens. Nevertheless, position, wealth, and cuiture in Russia, as everywhers else. do constitute class advantages, while until just recenly, the clergy of Ruasian church have formed the most exclusive of fixed castes. The nobles, mostly large landed proprietors, and the Tchinovniks, or the innumerable government officials, also form special classes, and, in We: roe, there are circles within Moreover, these varioue classes are recognized by a mass of le on in the Rus- sian code. evertheless, Russians can claim one advantage. This is, that their country is almost free from class hatreds, and t e existing class- es are, general king, very fluid A firmly established Autocracy leaves little room for a bitter struggle be- tween class country, e more tha of the people are éMga icultural pursuits, has asion for class animositi . when it is fur- ther considered that the true Rus. slan is a social democrat by nature, it is no longer an object for wonder- ment that the cat rds of the West, used in the politicAl and economic struggles of the classes, have but lit- tle substance and meaning for the Russian. “The distinctions botween man and man, and family and family, in Rus- sia, are largely superficial. ' The law recognizes—, e Russophil explains —meraly by way of administrative fic- tions, four general divisions of the people—the nobility, the clergy, the towa-dwellers and the peasantry. Peter the Great, a passionate organ- fzer who spent his energetic life in the endeavor to centralize the state and give it an eficient scheme of gov- ernment, made class distinctions In the land much more definite than they had been before, and, also, added to them. His successors traveled in the paths which he had pointed out. Cath- rine the Great, a German princess, endeavored to create a West-European aristocracy and a bourgeoisie in her empire, and with these objects in view, aa also, probably, that of her own fame, she was untiring_ in her to found towns. Peter the Great made efficiency the road to rank, and among the counts whom he cre- ated, some had begun life as peasants, butlers, etc. Cathrine IL took the organization of the French monarcy as her model.” “Thbe great landowners and the gov- grnment officials form the first soclety of the realm, the wealthy merchanta, emaller landowners and the . great part_of the professional people make up the middle class, while the small tradespeople, the artisans. and _the peasantry constitute a third class. There is practically no _proletariat— though such a class is in the making in Moscow and in some other of the greater ¢ities. Decorations are very common. as are titles. There are more then 100,000 members of the nobility, among whom their are hundreds of pring and princesses. Russia’s plentifbl supply of nobilities has kept them rom becoming objects of awe to Russian folk in general. The Russian pavs most honor to the govermment. officlals, the tchinovnika, or the rank- holders in. bureaucracy.” Hartford—The claim of the town of North Providence against the Aetna In@emaity Co., for $4,099.19, the short~ uge in the eccounts of John Ogden, town treasurer, in 1912, has been de- nied, The julge finds that the claim ‘was not ted in time. Ogden Sommitted suicide. aftes being acquit- ted Of stealing the momey.