Norwich Bulletin Newspaper, May 24, 1915, Page 1

o el & NORWICH, couu.. MONDAY, MAY 724» 1916 PRICE TWO CENTS * * ' The Bulletin’s,Circulation_in Norwich is Double That AR DECLARATION IS MADE BY ITAL Jfficial Proclamation Signed by the King Fixes Today, May 24, as Commencement of War On Austria’ 3 ELEVENTH NATION TO ENTER GREAT CONFLICT \Austrian and Italian Troops in Vast Numbers Are Arrayed Against Each Other Along the Mountainous Frontier— Most of the Austrian Warships Are at Pota, the Great Naval Port in the Adriatic Sea—Whereabouts of the Italian Fleet is Unknown—Put to Sea Weeks Ago Under the Command of the Duke of the Abruzzi—Little of Importance is Reported From the Various Battlefields— United States is to Represent Austria in Italy and Italy in Austria, §_ltaly, the 1ith mation to enter the #forid war, has thrown.down the gage |of battle to Austria. The Austrian mnd Italian troops in vast numbers re arraved against each other along fthe mountanions frontier. Most of tAustria’s warships are at Pota, the i€reat Austrian naval port in the Ad- riatic. The Itallan fleet, powerful in dreadnoughts, put to sea from Spezia weeks ago under command of the Duke lof the Abruzzi, a cousin of King Fmmanuel, and its whereabouts is Dot at present known. The official proclamation signed by he king fixed May 24 as the com- mencement of the war, but almost im- mediately the Italian ambassador at “Vienna presented the Austrian foreign office with the formal declaration and ehortly afterwards Germany instruct- #4 her ambassador at Rome, Prince Von Bluelow, to leave the Italian cap- tal with the Austro-Hungarian am- assador, Baron Von Macchio. In an official statement issued at Berlin, the German government says that by this attack against the dual monarchy Italy has also broken her jiliance with Germany and adds that {the loyal relationship existing with ‘Austria-Hungary and the German em- Pire remains unimpaired. Expectancy in the action of Ttaly has rather dwarfed interest in other matters connected with the war and, strangely enough, there has been lit- tle of pgramount importance during khe last few days to attract attention. "The battles both in the east-and in the west are being fought much after %he manner of the past six months, jwith losses &r gains here and there, { Checks to the Germans north of ‘Arras, progress to the east of Fes- Rubert end to the mortheast of Notre Dame De Lorette and the capture of trenches near Neuville St. Vaast are ‘chronicled by Paris. Heavy losses &n men killed and captured are indi- rcated in this report. Berlin, on the other hand, asserts hat to the south of Neuville the Ger- mans made gains and that an attack behind the Lorette Height was re- pulsed. In the east, in the vicinity of Jaro- Slau and along the upper Dniester the ‘Austrians, according to Vienna, have Tepulsed the Russians. Otherwise no change is recorded in the general sit- mation. Tn the northwest of Russia Berlin claims a defeat of the Mus- covites near Shavil and on the Dubysa river with the capture of some 2,600 prisoners and a number of machine Bung. ITALY ISSUES PROCLAMATION DECLARING WAR ON AUSTRIA Jtalians of All Classes Electrified by Swiftly Moving Events. Rome, via Paris May 23, 1155 p. m. pltaly is at war with Austria-Hun- Bary. With the issuance of the gen- eral mobilization order the Italian gov- ernment issued a proclamation declar- Ing war on Austria, which officially will begin tomorrow. Martial Law on Frontier. Prior to this and after a lengthy consultation the ministers of war and jnarine proclaimed all the provinces bordering on Austria and the Islands and coast towns of the Adriatic in a state of war, which was equivalent to the establishment of martial law, the step usually preceding the' formal Heclaration_ Crowds Around the Quirinal. Although drastic action has been looked for momentarily, Italians of all classes have been electrified by the swiftly moving events. Farly this morning great crowds gathered around the Quirinal to await the winisters, who called on the king for the pur- pose of discussing the situation and Eigning decrees. Premier Salandra Cheered, When Premier Salandra and Signor Sonnino, the foreign minister, left the palace the people cheered them en- thusiastically. The troops changing guards at the royal palace were the object of a stirring manifestation amid “Vivas” for the army and for war. General Zueppeli, minister of war and Vice Admiral Viale, minister of ma- rine, remained with the king for a considerable time after the others left and later they had a_conference with Lieutenant General Cadorna, chief of Etaff and Vice Admiral Phaondi Revel, chief of the naval staff. Army and Navy Ready. When the first blow will be struck cannot be foretold, but after many months of preparation the army; which has been greatly strengthened, and the navy, are ready for whatever task may be set them. FExceedingly strong forces are in position along the Aus- tro-Italian frontier, on the Austrian side, where feverish preparations have been going on the last few days to make “the fortifications impregnable and clear the way for effective artil- lery action. German and Austrian Ambassadors Still in Rome. The German ambassador. Prince Von Buelow, and the Austrian ambas- m Von Macchio, are_still have waited to the last, doubtless in the hope that some way might be found to prevent a clash of arms. They will be given safe conduct when they do leave, and, so far as Germans and Austrians resident in Italy are con- cerned, every effort has been made to see them safely out of the country. On the other hand most alarming re- ports have been received from the Italian border towns that Italian res- idents in the Austrian Tyrol are ex- periencing great difficulty in return- ing to Italy and, in many cases, have been placed under arrest. Vatican Problem Solved. According to the Giornale D'Ttalia, the problem concerning the diplomats accredited to the Vatican has been solved satisfactorily. The Austrian and German diplomats, ignoring the situation in Italy, will depart, as if they were merely taking their sum- mer vacations before the regular time. It had been urged by some that the Italian government move energetically with respect to these diplomatic rep- resentatives and by others that the Vatican resist any effort to force them to withdraw, But these extreme meas- ures failed and thus the law of guar- antees remains untouched, Germany Resents Austria’s Action. From Germany come reports that considerable resentment is felt in offi- cial quarters there against what is alleged to be the obstinacy of the Aus- trian diplomatic representatives for the failure of the negotiations with Italy initiated by Prince Von Buelow, the German ambassador. The sugges- tion had even been made that Aus- tria should be left alone to fight Italy, but pledges taken by the German gen- eral staff and by the German emperor personally with Emperor Francis Jo- seph resulted in the triumph of those advocating Austro-German _solidarity, even in a new war against Italy. About 800,000 Bavarians and Hun- garians have already been concen- trated against Italy, Austria ensuring them commissariat service. Campaign to Be Directed by Germans. Although Field Marshal Baron Con- rad Von Hoetzendorf, chief of staff of the Austrian army, had prepared for many years for a possible outbreak of war between Austria and Italy, the belief is held here that the campaign will be conducted by the German gen- eral staff which, it is said, has planned a strong offensive movement against Italy in the hope of breaking the Ttalian lines and forcing their way into Italian territory thereby arousing alarm and strengthening the feeling favorable to peace. Austrian Defenses Are Strong. Should such an attempt fail through the resistance of the Italian army the Austrians and Germans would then have to resort to defensive measures against a certain invasion. The Aus- trian defenses are particularly strong and have been constructed everywhere, even along the Dalmatian coast which is already protected by fixed and float- ing mines and guarded by a dozen submarines carrying German officers and sailors, Austrian Fleet Centered at Pola. The Austrian fleet is centered at Pola, withonly a few torpedo boats and destroyers at Cattaro and Spa- lato. Other Austrian warships are in the Dalmatian archipelago, on the nodtheast coast of the Adriatic sea. Naval men here do nof consider it likely that the Austrian fleet will leave Pola unless forced by an Italian at- tack, BRITISH SUBMARINE SINKS TWO TRANSPORTS WITH TROOPS Also Sank Two Torpedo Boats in the Dardanelles. Paris, May 23, 10.35 p. m.—An official note issued tonight regarding the op- erations in the Dardanelles saye that a British submarine has sunk two tor- pedo boats and two transports, one of which was loaded with troops. The text of the note is as follows: “In the Dardanelles two Turkish di- visions, commanded by General Liman Von Sanders in person, have delivered a furious attack against the British troops near Kaleh Tehe. They were completely repulsed and suffered very heavy losses. “At the same time our allies. have ‘won another success on the sea, where one of their submarines has sunk two torpedo boats and two transports, one of which was ioaded with troops. “In the southern region of the penin- sula our troops at certain points are only a few meters distant from the Turkish trenches; they have, notwith- standing a very powerful defensive or- ganization on the part of the enemy, succeeded in making important progress.” On May 13 Winston Spencer Church- ill, first lord of the admiralty, an- nounced in the British house of com- mons that the British_submarine E-14 had passed through the Dardanelles, entered the Sea of Marmora and sunk two Turkish gunboats and a Turkish transport. Whether this is the same incident referred to in the French offi- cial mote is not known, as the note of éé Cabled Parar - .s King Constantine . verish. & ‘Athens, . Greece, May 23 via Lon- don: Constantine of Greece, who 1s ill with pleuris¥, became more fo- verish after undergoing an operation yesterday, his temperature increasing to 1018 and later to 103.2. No Cerrespondents With Italian Army. Turin, Italy, May 23, via Paris, 5 D. m.—Commander in Chief Cadorna, Pre- mier Salandra and Foreign Minister Sonnino have agreed, says the Stampa, that no war correspondents shall be al- lowed with the Italian army and that the Ttalian press bureau shall operate in the same manner as do those in France and Great Britain. TEXT OF ITALY'S WAR PROCLAMATION. Has Been Presented to the Austro- @ Hungarian Foreign Minister, Amsterdam, May 23, Via London, May 24, 2.30 a, m.—A despatch from Vienna says the Italian ambassador to Austria, the Duke of Avarna, this dft- ernoon presented to Baron Burian, the Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, the following declaration of war: “Vienna, May 23, 1915. “Conformably with the orders of His Majesty, the king, his “august sov- ereign, the undersigned ambassador of Italy, has the honor to deliver to His Excellmy, the foreign minister of Austria- Hungary, the following com- munication. “Declaration has been made, as from the fourth of the month to the imperial and royal government of the grave motives for which Italy, confi- dent in her good right, proclaimed annulled and henceforth without effect, her treaty alliance with Austria-Hun- gary, which was violated by the im- perial and royal government, and re- sumed her liberty of action in this re- spect. “The government of the king, firmly resolved tc provide by all means at his_disposal, for safeguarding Italian rights and interests, cannot fail in its duty to take against every existing and future menace measures which events impose upon it for the fulfill- ment of national aspirations. “His Majesty, the king, declares that he considers himself from tomorrow in a state of war with Austria-Hun- sary. “The undersigned has the honor to make known at the same time to His Excellency, the foreign minister, that passports will be placed this very day at the disposal of the imperial and royal ambassador at Rome and he will be obliged to His Excellency if he will kindly have his passports handed to him. “(Signed.)” “AVARNA.” THE BRITISH ARMY IS FORGING AHEAD. Advanced Several Hundred Yards and Took Some Prisoners. Paris, May 23, 10.55 p. m.—The fol- lowing official communication was e~ sued by the war office tonight: “In the entire region to the north of Arras, after a series of checks suffered by the Germans during the course of last night, the fighting continues at certain points with extreme violence. “The British army has realized progress to the east of Festubert. To the northeast of the Chapel of Notre Dame De Lorette we have made an ad- vance of several hundred yards and taken some prisoners. “To the north of Neuville St. Vaast we have carried a series of enemy trenches and have reached the cross- roads to the north of the village. We have in addition captured some new groups of houses in the same village. ““There is nothing to report on the rest of the front. “An enemy aviator three bombs on <Chateau Thierry.” has dropped the open town of CUTTING OFF GERMAN COMMERCE IN MEDITERRANEAN May Cause Conclusion of Peace by Austria and Germany. Washington, May 23.—The cutting off of commerce to Germany and Aus- tria through the Mediterranean, it is thought in allied quarters here, will soon be seriously felt by the central powers and may even compel a con- clusion of peace earlier than might otherwise have been the case. The entrance of Rumania, shutting off a wheat supply from southeastern Eu- rope, would be anotber important fac- tor. There long had been an under- standing between Italy and Rumania according to official information here to enter the war at approximately the same time, but whether Bulgaria, anx- fous to regain territory lost to Ru- mania, will permit that country to en- ter the conflict still is a matter of wide conjecture here in_spite of the recent assurances given Rumania that she would not be attacked. VATICAN TO MAINTAIN ABSOLUTE NEUTRALITY. Pope to Issue a Document Justifying the Action. Paris, May 23, 515 D. m—A des- patch to the Temps from Rome says: “It is stated that Pope Benedict has prepared a document which will e made public as soon as war is formal- ly declared between Italy "and Aus- tria, justifying the Vatican for its de- cision to maintain absolute neutrali- ty by leaving Italian Catholics free to act accordign to their own desires without engaging the responsibility of the Holy See. “It is said that the pope will pro- test formally against the expulsion of the Austrian minister and the Ger- man ministers accredited to the Vati- can, declaring that it is contrary to the guarantees.” SON SHOOTS FATHER DURING FAMILY QUARREL. A Well Known Norwalk Citizen in Hospital in a Critical Condition. Norwalk, Conn., May 23.—As the re- sult of a family quarrel tonight, Frank Katona, aged 53, a well known local resident, is in @ hospital in a critical condition with three bullets in his body and his 19 year old son Louis is locked up at police headquarters charged with the shooting. According to the police, the son refused to let his father enter the house and when the latter tried to force the door he was shot at three times, all the bullets taking effect. The police say Louis admits the shooting, but acted In seif defense. Contentment may be better than riches, but they ought to go together. < Bl ~|Kurds and Turks (Four Injured Slay Armenians IN ABOUT A HUNDRED VILLAGES NEAR VAN. HELPED BY AUTHORITIES Allies’ Inform Sublime Porte That All Members of the Gov- Will Be Held Personally Responsible for Massacres. Governments ernment London, May 23, 11.17 p. m.—A joint official statement by Great Britain, France and Russia, issued tonight, says: For the past month Kurds and the Turkish population of Armenia have been engaged in massacring Armeni- ans with the connivance and help of the Ottoman authorities. Such mas- sacres took place about the middle of April at Erzerum, Dertscau, Moush, Zeitun and on all Citicla. “The inhabitants of about a hundred villages near Van were all assassinat- ed. In the town itself the Armenian quarter is besieged by Kurds. At the same time the Ottoman government at Constantinople is raging against the inoffensive Armenian population. “In the face of these fresh crimes committed by Turkey, the allies’ gov- ernments announce publicly to " the sublime porte that they will hold all members of the government, as well as h of their agents as are implicated, nally responsible for such mas- pes sacre: SENSATION IN WASHINGTON CAUSED BY ITALY'S ACTION. Speculation on Military Effect of the New Operations in the Conflict, Washington, May 23.—Italy’s declar- ation of war on Austria created-a sen- sation in official and diplomatic quart- ers here, for while the announcement was not unexpected, the addition of another power of the nation to the number of belligerents in Europe brought out a variety of speculation on the military effect of the new op- erations on the conflict as a whole and the possible attitudde of ~Rumania, Bulgaria and Greece. Up to a late hour tonight the italian and Austrian embassies here, as well as the state department, were without official notification of the declaration of war by Ital but offi- cials began the preparation of a neu- trality proclamation which will be is- sued by President Wilson probably to- morrow, when Ambassador Thomas Nelson Page advises the American government of Italy's action. The opening of hostilities between Aus- tria ang Italy had so long been fore- cast that American business interests had made preparation for the sever- ence of communications. The United States government, in accordance with requests received nearly- a month ago, will now take over the custody of Italian diplomatic interests in Austria and Austrian in- terests in Italy, arranging for care of prisoners and safe conduct of consuls and diplomatic officials and protection of empassy arc-hiv The situation of Switzerland is like- Iy to be a cause of much concern, for should the same rules as to ultimate destination of cargoes be put into ef- fect, with respect to such merchan- dise consigned for trans-shipment through Italian ports as imposed by the allies the little republic, isolated in the center of Burope without sea outlet, may suffer seriously. Already there has been much difficuity in get ting supplies to Switzerland and it is believed Switzerland will press hard fo arrangements with the French and Ftalian governments to obtain pro- ducts, giving guarantees abainst Tre- exportation. BERLIN SPECIALIST CALLED FOR KING CONSTANTINE, Fever Has Increased and an Operation is Considered Necessary. Paris, May 23.—A despatch from Athens to the Havas agency says that after a conference of the Greek cabi- net ministers with the doctor treating King Constantine, it was decided to telegraph to Berlin for e specialist. The king’s fever increased yesterday and an urgent operation was consider- ed necessary. Premier Gounaris, it was added, has given up his contemplated voyage to Salonki. A despatch from Athens to the In- transigeant says that Prof. Friedrich Kraus of Berlin, who is familiar with the king's condition, has been request- ed to go immediately to the Greek capital. The latest bulletin from the sick chamber indicating that the tempera- ture of the king had risen caused the greatest anxiety in Athens. Crown Prince George is at his father’s bed- side. Other despatches from Athens com- ment on the fact that the 25 year old prince is very close to ex-Premier Venezelos, who resigned the premier- ship last March because King Constan- tine did not approve of his warlike policy, and that he is very friendly to the nationals of the'triple entente. ROMAN ARISTOCRACY VOLUNTEER ARMY SERVICE. Sister of Queen Has Enrolled as a Nurse in the ltalian Army. Paris, May 23, 510 p. m.—Princess Natali eof Montenegro, sister-in-law of Queen Helena of Italy, has been e lled as a nurse in the Jtalian army, /s a_despatch from Rome to the Paris Temps. Among the members of the Roman aristocracy who have volunteered to serve in the ranks, the despatch adds, are Prince Colomna, the three sons of Duke Sforza, the son of Prince Aldo brandini, the Princes Lancellotti, the Prince Altieri, the two Princes Tor- Ionia, the Prince Boncompagni, the two Princes Caffarelli, the four Princes Ruspoll, the three Princes Rospigliosi, the two Princes Caetani Di Sermoneta and Princes Centoti. Passports Handed to ‘Austrian Ambas- sador. Rome, May 23, via Paris—Baron Von Macchio, the Austro-Hungarian ambassador to italy, was handed his passports at'3.30 o'clock this afternoon and will leave Rome-tonight or tomor- row morning. in Auto Accident TURNED TURTLE IN OUTSKIRTS OF MANCHESTER, CONN. m THEY MAY DIE Car Overturned When Brake Was Avoid Striking a Car Coming from Emergency Applied in Order to Another Direction—Details Lacking. Manchester, Conn., May 23.—Four persons were so seriously injured that it is feared that they may die, and another was severely hurt when an automobile owned and driven by Mar- shall A, Avery of West Hartford turn- ed turtle near Twin Hill on the out- skirts of the town, today. The injured were taken to St. Francis' hospifal in Hartford. The Injured. At a late hour tonight Mr. Avery, who is superintendent of a Hartford machine shop, was unconscious and suffering from internal injuries; his daughter, Miss Wilifred, aged 15, has a fractured skull and broken elbow and collar bone; Hethlon W. Welr, aged 64 of Manchester, father-in-law of Mr. Avery, has a broken shoulder and broken nose, besides internal injuries; Clarence Weir, his son, has several broken ribs and a punciured lung. Thrown Under Machine. Mrs. Avery, wife of the owner of the car, was thrown under the machine, but she escaped with only severe bruises and contusions about the head and body. All the others were thrown clear of the machine. Details of the accident have not been fully learned, Mr. Avery was descend- ing the hill at a fair speed and turn- ed out to allow other machines to pass. In ovder to avoid striking a car coming from another direction he plied the emergency brake with result that the car turned over. ap- the BERLIN'S STATEMENT OF BATTLEFIELD OPERATIONS Russian North Wing Defeated in the Vicinity of Shavli. Berlin, May 23, via London, 3.55 p. m—Fighting at close range ai Given- chy which, it was asserted, was going in favor of the Germans and the gain of some ground by them south of ville France, were the chief inter of yesterday on the battle front France according to the German ficial statement given out here day. In the eastern theater the Germans claim to have attacked and defeated the Russian north wing, taking 1,600 prisoners. Another 1,000 Russlans were captured on the Dubysa river text of the statement follows “In the western theater: Close fight- ing near Givenchv continues and is favoable to us. “Further south a French in of - to- attack on the road from Bethune to Lens, and behind the Lorette Height was re- pulsed. “North of Ablain the enemy, by a night advance already announced, ceeded in gaining a footing in a s portion of our forward trenches. “South of Neuville we gained some ground and took 90 French prisoners and two machine guns, “Between the Meuse and the Moselle there were severe artillery duels. “In the eastern theater: In the vi- cinity of Shavli we attacked the Rus- an_north wing and defeated it tak- ing 1,600 prisoners and seven machine guns. An_ enemy counter-attack by night failed. “On the Dubysa river strong Rus- sian night attacks against the line Miviule-Zemigola were repulsed, 1,000 prisoners remaining in our hands. “South of the Niemen river an en- emy night attack to the north of Pil- scki failed n the southeastern theater: is nothing new to report.” o= mall There 36 YEAR OLD MAN KILLS TWO YOUNG GIRLS. And Takes His Own Life—Crime at Catskill Shrouded in Mystery. Catskill, Y., May _ 23—Henry Lang, 36 vears old, an Albany florist, today shot Ruth Hammer and Ida Beach of Catskill, 13 an d14 years old, respectively, and later killed himself. The girls were slain in a_grove north- east of the city. Lang killed himself in his room after leaving a note ask- ing that a relative in Albany be no- tified. The cause of the shying is a mys- tery. Lang had been working here for two years and was slightly ac- quainted Wwith the two girls, who lived near him. He is said to have occa- sionally sent them flowers, which they returned to him. No one witnessed the shooting. Aft- ter the shots were fired Lang was seen running out of the woods. While District Attorney Howard C. Wilbur and Skeriff Elmore Mackay were on their way to the grove to view the girls' bodies, they were notified that Lang had killed himself in his room. Both girls were shot through the back- indicating that they were fleeing from Lang when he fired. e shot him- self through the head. A note on Lang's table asked that Mrs. Willlam Brannigan of Albany, a distant relative, be notified. She said tonight that Lang was eccentric. VICTORY OVER OBREGON CLAIMED BY VILLA AGENCY. Engagement Fought Saturday Points Between Leon and Salao. at ‘Washington, May 23.—Complete vic- tory for the Villa forces over the Car- ranza army under Obregon in the bat- tle near Celaya yesterday was claimed tonight by the Villa agency here on the strength of a despatch from Diaz Lombardo, minister of foreign affairs at Chihuahua. The engagement was fought yester- day at points betwcen Leon and Salao. Italian Ambassador at Vienna Recalled. Rome, May 23, via Paris—The Ital- ian ambessador at Vienna, the Duke of Avarno, has been recalled. Labor exchanges throughout Brit- ain found work for 1,100,000 people last year. . Other Paper, and Its Total Circulation is the Largest in Connecticut in Condensed Telegrams The entire Swiss army has been mo- bilized. The Elizabeth, N. J., Board of Es- timate announced a tax rate of $2. The French aviator Moreau fell 1,400 feet at Melun, near Paris, and was killed. John W. Blake was killed while painting a target in a shooting gallery in Boston. Plans for a $500,000 mausoleum for the late Adolphous Busch were drawn in St. Louis. Actual work in raising the subma- rine F-4 from the bottom of Honolulu harbor was begun. Six hundred employes of the Whit- taker-Glessner Steel Co. at Martin's Ferry, Ohio, went on strike. Admiral Von Essen, commander of the Russian Baltic fleet, died of preu- monia at the marine hospital at Reval. Three hundred heavy tank automo- bile trucks, said to be for Russia, are under course of construction in Cleve- land. Joseph Grant, aged 76. banker, coal operator and member of the 60th con- gress, died at his home at Leechburs, Pa. At the annual meeting of stockhold- ers of the Waltham Watch Co., in Boston, retiring directors were re- elected. Nwe York street fkirs are returning to New York from the Panama-Pa- cific Exposition. Nothing doing,’ they say Three freight vessels for the Clyde Steamship Co., are under construc- tion at the Great Lakes Engineering ‘Works at Detroit. H. A. Thompson, an aviater, wes seriously injured when he fell in a Curtiss machine at Paterson, 'N. J, while on a trial flight. The big Brooklyn historical pageant was opened in the 23rd Regiment Arm- ory. Two thousand prominent Broklynite participated. Former President Taft and 300 other visiting Yale alumni_attended the con- vention in Kansas City of the Associ- ation of Western Yale Clubs. Charles Perrassole, who stole $120 from his father in New York and fled to Utica, and escaped from custody there, was arrested in Buffalo. Recommendations to Congress for strengthening the navy will be with- held until the last possible minute, Secretary Daniels announced. Anthony F. Wliding tennis champion, well known in America, who was killed recently at the-Dardanelles, died while operating an auto-miltrailleuse. Guglielmo Marconi, the inventor, has left New York for Italy. He will be placed in charge of all wireless sta- tions used by the Italian army. Five thousand men will be added at once to the force of the Du Pont Powder Co. plant at City Point, Va., bringing the number of emploves t Bulletin posted in Chicago by em- ployment agencies state that between 16,000 and 10,000 men will be needed next month in the harvest fields of Oklahoma. While in the woods with a crowd of young folks near Heber Springs, Ark., Miss Ida Woods was bitten by an Arkansas rattlesnake, and died a few moments later. The Billy Sunday campaign cost the city of Philadelphia $150,655, accord- ing to the certified statement publish- ed by the committee that had the cam- paig in charge. In recogition of the work of the New York police during his recent visit there to review the fleet, President Wilson has written a note of praise for their effieciency. Improved working conditions have been promised 11,000 street car em- ployes. at Chicago, who have made demands on the companies for a wage increase and other concessions. Ten auto loads of suffragists storm- ed the Standard Oil Works at Bayonne, N. J., and addressed 5000 employes, who were dismissed a half hour earl- ies to listen to the speeches. Thousands of men responded to the proclamation of Governor Hatfleld setting aside May 20 and 21 as Good Roads’ Days and are aiding in the improvement of West Virginia roads. A divorce from her thirteenth hus- band is being sought by Mrs. Polly Anne Strodes, aged 72, of Evansville, Ind., who says she is dissatisfied with her present spouse and wishes anoth- er. Twenty-two men and one woman, al- leged quack doctors, were arraigned in Special Sessions, New York. Six were fined, ten released on suspended sen- tences, and the cases of the other sev- en put off for a hearing next Friday. Attorney-General Woodbury began criminal action against the packing houses of Armour & Co., and Swift & Co., charging that the concerns fail- ed to mark the weight upon packages of ham and bacon and other violations. Mrs. Pauline Edwards of Brooklyn lost a chamois bag containing jewel- ry valued at $1,000 which she was carrying in her silk stocking. She found a large rent in her stocking, and the bag gone when she returned from shopping. A contract for long distance business was closed by the Postal Telegraph Co., with the Memphis Telephone Co. and sereveral independent companies in Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and Misouri in competition with the Bell Telephone system. Frank Tannenbaum, the I. W. leader, who recently finished a term of one year on Blackwell's Island for invad- ing churches in the interests of unem- ployed, inspected Sing Sing « prison, and expressed approval of the treat- ment of the prisoners. Harry J. Momrich of Huntington, W. Va., was declared by the supreme court today to be the owner of jew- elry valhied at $15000 found in the possession of Lawrence Robinson, who killed a police officer at Boston, in re- sisting arrest a year ago, Proportion to the City’s Population WHAT ITALY HOPES TO GAIN BY WAR Territery Sought Comprises 8,000 Square Miles; With Over a Million Population : HAS MORE THAN A MILLION MEN UNDER ARMS In Past Eight Months Italy Has Spent $400,000,000 in Mil- itary Preparations—Her Superior to Those of the Heavy Guns Are Said to be Famous German and Austrian Type—Artillery Equipment Unexcelled in the World’s Armies—Has a Powerful Fleet of Modern Warships— Italy’s First Move on Land Undoubtedly Will be Against the Austrian Frontier. Rome, May 22, 9.15 p. m., via Paris, May 2: ‘'ontemporaneously with the issuance of the general mobilization order the Italian government tonight officially announced that had de- clared war against Austria-Hungary. Eleven Nations Now at War. The entrance of Italy into the world war which began last August brings the number of states engagzed in the conflict up to eleven. Italy allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary since 1882 in the triple alliance, was called upon last summer shortly after the nation of the Austrian crown prince at Sarejevo, Bosnia, to support the Germanic empires. She declined and there being a series of diplomatic negatiotions which soon resolved themselves into efforts on the part of the Germans and Austrians to induce Italy to remain neutral. Germany Tried to Restrain ltaly. Prince Von Buelow, an astute Ger- man statesman, whose wife is an Italian woman, was sent to Rome with instructions to do his utmost to save the union. He labored indefatigably for months, but in vain. He offered Italy certain parts of Austrian terri- tory as the price of her neutrality, but her answer was always “It is Dot enough.” It now appears that Aus- tria did not really believe that Italy would enter the field against her. People of ltaly Demanded War. In the meantime there had arisen in T v a war party led by the “irre- dentists” which made its voice heard in no uncertain terms. Despatches from ‘Rome for months past have in- dicated that the sentiment for active participation in the war was far stronger than that in favor of con- tinued neutrality, The cabinet of Premier Salandra resigned early in May. This was the signal for violent demonstrations in many of the important cities, all in favor of war. A wave of patriotic fervor swept the country and the peo- ple were loud in their demands for a beginning of hostilities. Troops had to be called out to maintain order, but everybody and everything which rep- resented continued neutrality was de- nounced and decried. Even relatives of King Victor Emmanuel were hooted and there was talk of revolution. The emperor of Austria-Hungary was burned in efigy in Rome and ex- Premier Giolotti, leader of the paci- ficists, was driven into seclusion. Quiet While Waiting Call to Arms. These evidences of the popular dem- onstrations had their effect. The an- nouncement was made that the min- istry of Premier Salandra would con- tinue in office, whereupon there was instant calm throughout the country. Having gained their point, the people quieted down as quickly as they had risen and awaited the call to arms, For months the diplomatic _ ex changes between Vienna and Rome nave been constant, but the most per- sistent efforts of the diplomats to keep Italy out of the war were futile. The triple alllance was denounced by Ttaly on May 4, but even after this diplo- matic endeavors were continued, Aus- tria_offering Italy further concessions as late as May 10. Italy's First Move on Land. Italy’s first move on land undoubt- edly will be against the Austrian fron- tier. Large numbers of her troops are mobilized in this territory and the forces of Austria-Hungary are lined up on the other side of the boundary. The very mountainous character of the terrain where the opposing armies face eath other, the southern part of the Austrian Alps. promises operations and fighting of the most difficult na- ture. For several weeks past both the Austro-Hungarian and the Italian ar- mies have been engaged in fortify- ing and otherwise adopting protective measures each on its own side of the dividing line. Italian Fleet in the Adriatic. So far as known, the Italian fleet mostly in the Adriatic, under the mmand of the Duke of the Abruzzi, who is known to many Americans through his visits to the United States some ten yvears ago. It is generally belleved that the fleet will proceed promptly against the naval strength of Austria_in theso waters. On the Adriatic are the Austrian ports of Trieste and Pcla and Fiume is in Hungary. The Dalmatian coast is also Ausiria’s. The Dardanelles are less than 800 miles from southern Italy and her participation in the operations against these Turkish pos- sessions should be expected. What ltaly Hopes to Gain. One great purpose of Italy entering the war is to gain possession of “un- redeemed Italy,” a sweep of Austrian territory to the north and east near the head of the Adriatic sea. This re- glon, which includes Trent and Trieste, is Italian in all but nationality. To attain it has long been her cherished ambition, Territory in Dispute. The territory in dispute may be de- fined as the sections of Austria south of a line drawn in the Rhaetian Alps, Wwhere Italy, Austria and Switzerland meet, eastward to the Carnio Alps and thence southward along to the Italian Alps and again eastward so as to in- clude Fiume. The first part of this territory forms a wedge penetrating Italy between Lombardy and Venetia and cutting Lake Garda, while- the second includes the peninsula of Istria and runs northward to the Julian Alps between the Tagliamento and Save riv- ers. This territory is called “Italia Irredenta” (unredeemed Italy) because it once formed part of the Italian states s of the middle ages and because the majority of the people are of Italian stock. For the came reason the Dal- matian Islands are considered to be part of “Italia_Irredenta. Trent Once Part of Roman Colony. The district of the city of Trent, known in Italy as the Trentino, onca formed part of the Roman colony of Tridentini, which in 1027 passed under the rule of a bishp, and then, after various changes. came into possession of Austria, together with Lombardy and netia After the defeat of Austria in 1859 by Piedmont and France, and even after Piedmont had taken over Lombardy and the king- dom of Italy had been formed in 1861, tria continued to hold Venetia, un. her defeat in the Austro-German ar of 1366 gave it to Italy. Thera was left in possession of Austria, how- ever, the wedge of the Trent district as a menace to Ita italy Wants Istria. The territory to the eastward which Italy desires is made up principaily of Istria. In early days a part of the republic of Venice, it passed to Austria, together with Dalmatia, with the a olition of the republic in 179 1805 Austria was compelled by leon to cede - 1813 Austria seized it since that time. 8,000 Square Miles of Territory Sought Aside from the Dalmatian Islands, the territory sought by Italy includes about 8,000 square mile: with more than 1,000,000 inhabitants When the war began Italy's army was considerably below the normal peace footing, estimated at 300,000 men. Almest half of these troops wers in Tripoli. Three classes of men wers called to the colors immediately and others were summoned from time to time untili now the active or first line army numbers more than 1,000,000 men of all arms. Strength of Italian Army. The age limit of active service in Italy is en between that age and 40 form the territorial army, consisting of eight cl es, amounting to aebout 1,150,000 se d line troops. There are also about 1,000,000 men trained but exempt from military service who in case of urgent necessity could be call- ed to arms. Volunteer corps likewise could be formed, so that Italy’s total war strength. including resources of all kinds, is figured at about 4,000,000 men. In eight months she has spent $400,~ 000,000 in military preparations. Profiting by the lessons of the war to date, particular attention was paid to artillery, and her equipment in this arm from machine guns to heavy siege pieces is said to be unexcelled in the world’s arm Her heavy guns are reported to be superior to the now fa- mous German and Austrian type and in military circles there have been rumors that she has evolved a field piece of about three-inch calibre e: ceeding in range, accuracy, easy hara- ling and effectiveness of project: even the famous French “75." Powerful Fleet of Modern Warships. Italy has a powerful fleet of modern warships. The Duke of Abruzzi, cousin of King Victor Emmanuel, wha is the chief naval officer of Italy, re- cently assumed command of five dreadnoughts, the most powerful Squadren ever assembled under the Italian flag. In addition, Italy has eight battleships of the ' pre-dread- nought type, nine armored cruisers, 13 protected cruisers and the usual com- plement of destroyers and torpeda boats. She also has 25 submarines. Italy’s population (1913) is given as 35.238,000. Military or naval service is compulsory and universal. § il In Napo- France, but in and has held it 158 PERSONS KILLED ON CALEDONIAN RAILWAY. All Except Six Were Members of the Royal Scots Regiment. London, May 23, 9.45 p. m.—An offi- cla! announcement was made tonight that 158 persons were Kkilled or are missing as a result of the triple col- lision which occurred vesterday morn- ing on the Caiedonian railway, north of Carlisle. _All except six of the killed were soldiers belonging to the Roval Scots regiment, 500 of whom were traveling in 2 troop train. At least 200 ‘persons, mostly soldiers, were in- jured. These figures establish a new record for railway accidents in the British Isles, the number of dead and injured being far greater than in any previous disaster of the kind. The death roll probably wili be added to, as many of the injured are not expected to re- cover. HOUSES BLOWN UP BY AUSTRIAN TROOPS In the Vicinity of Forts to Give Free Range for the Artillery, Verona, Italy, May 22, via Paris, May 23.—In all the leading towns of the province of Trent Austrian police are reported to have arrested prominent persons whose names had been in- cluded in the list of hostages prepared some time ago. Houses in the vicinity of the forts of Trent Pergine, Gardolo and Mot- tarello have been blown up by the Austrian military authorities. In the forests and valleys trees have been- destroyed so as to give a free range’ for the artille Austrian® are reported to have- mined the monument erected at Trent. to Dante and to have declared that it will be blown up Jf Italian approach the city.