Norwich Bulletin Newspaper, April 29, 1914, Page 10

necle HE door in the very center of the wall back of the elevated platform noislessly swings open. It frames for an instant the tall, gaunt figure of a - spectacted, slightly stooped gentleman, with something inde- scribably foreign in He steps forward, reveal- his manner. tng = shorter, white-mustached, ruddy- cheeked gentleman, whose twinkling eves betray & wholesome good nature and a sense of humor. Next comes the third of the group, American in every line of him, a smiling face, an air of dignified sssurance coupled with alertness. o The three advance to the long desk. There is a bustle in the great, bare court- room. The half-dozen lawyers rise to their feet and bow solemnly to the new- comers. These, in turn, bow with equal solemnity three times, once to the center and once to each side, though all in the courtroom are grouped in & small space fn front of them. Then tt> three figures on the elevated platform seat themselves and the law- yers follow their example. The international tribunal of arbitration 1s in session. The comtrete result of a great world movement is before you. Quietly, With decorum and simplicity of practice, dis- putes between two great nations that once would have been subject to the arbitrament of war are here being set- jod. Yoince M-reh o this tribunal has been sitting in a spacious courtroom loaned for the purpose in the Carnegie Institu- tion, on the Avenue of the Presidents, at ‘Washington. It has attracted but a mini- mum of attention. Hardly a soul—save those officially connected with the tri- bunal or there to represent some cause before the body—attends. Quite lost in the teeming political life of Washington, the tribunal plods stead- fly along, hearing argument in cases that at periods in times past have set the world agog with their international significance. The final chapters in them are now being written * * * But turn vour attemtion to the per- somnel of the tribunal. It is humanly very interesting. The tall gentleman in the center is Henri Fromageot, president of the tribunal and perhaps France's ‘most distinguished international lawyer. Russta borrowed his services in the ad- Justment of the claims arising out of her war with Turkey a generation ago. Italy, t00, has availed herself of his learning, while his own country frequently calls upon him for counsel and endeavor in the settlement of grave international questions. He is here because the United States and Great Britain agreed upon him to preside over this arbitration in_which those two nations propose to wipe the slate clean of pecuniary claims pending between them. M. Fromageot has the tall, bony slen- derness of the New England Yankee, with the same high cheek bones and bright eyes, but in his thin face is the llor of the student. He wears huge lack rimmed spectacles that add to the gravity of his appearance. During his prolonged stay in Washington he Iives at the Cosmos Club, that abode of sclentists and students, unlike any other club in the world, and there he finds congenial companionship. To his right the merry-eyed figure is that of Right Hon. Sir Charles Fitz- patrick, G. C. M. G., privy counselor to the King of England, chief justice of Canada and deputy governor Zeneral of that Dominion, who is the British arbi- trator on the tribunal. For all his string of alphabetical dis- tinctions, Sir Charles is the most demo- eratic of men. He is a native of Quebec, merved in his younger days in the provin. elal parliament; resigned In 1898 to enter the Dominion parliament, where he at ance came solicitor general of Can- ade He h;lt]l that office until he became minister of justice in 1901. Five years Ister he became chief justice. * * x To the left of M. Fromagerot sits the American arbiter Chandler Anderson, counselor for the Department of State during the Taft administration, and a distinguished international lawyer. In 1896 Mr. Anderson’s services to his government began. He was secretary for the United States and Great Britain in the Bering sea claims commission of that year. Two years later he was secretary of the joint high commission adjusting disputes between Canada and the United States. He was counsel for the United Statas in the Alaska boundary commission's work in London and in other boundary disputes. During the administrations of Becretaries Root and Knox he was employed as counsel for the United States in numerous matters. He was nt for the United States in the jorth Atlantic coast fisherles arbitra- +ion at The Hague in 1610 and he has :xured largely in other international justments. The tribunal in which he now sits is the outcome of long negotiations con- ducted during the Roosevelt and Taft a@ministrations for a settlement of pe- euniary claims subjects of the British empire hold against the United State: and of claims American citizens hol sgainst Great Britain. Away back in 1794, operating under the Jay treaty, the United States and Great Britain had a_commissicn of some- what this sort to adjust claims. Again in 1858 another one sat. In 1871 an in- ternational commission wac constitut- ed to adjust British claims arising out of the civil war, but it was limited in authority. The present tribunal then is practically the first that has sat since 1853. » * * In all the vears that have intervened @ vast number of claims have arisen An American or Briton who feels that he has been harmed by the acts of the other count: makes representa- tlon to his own government, either di- vectly to the Department of State or, fn this country, to the Senate. If the claim impresses his own government as being sound, diplomatic representa- tions are made to the offending coun- try that the claim ought to be paid. The other country resists in som¢ cases: in other cases it pays. But : .- ternational politics, the dictates diplomacy and other considerations maturally enter into any settlement. .~ On October 18, 1907, the two nations #igned an arbitration treaty. Under a gaction of that treaty pecuniary claims be submitted to & special tribunal. of | Sam and LEET To RieHT: TRIBUNAL; CHANDLER RopErRTLANSING rworo © By Cumalnsy: | August 18, 1910, after long correspond- | ence, an agreement was reached and a’ schedule of claims adopted as the ones to be submitted to such a tribunal. The | S Senate, July 19, 1911, agreed to th ‘ "‘éjfiw . schedule. Subsequent! the necessar, - b o appropriation for the Americen share of the expenses was passed. The schedule contains claims agains Great Britain and the United States i a total sum of about $6,000,000. A sec. ond schedule is now being prepared b the Senate. At least two years' work i3 ahead of the tribunal Taking the place of what would bel g called a complaint in the ordinary |y court of law. the practice of this tri- | bunal requires a “memorial” in which | 1 are set forth all the detalls of the claim | PO and its reasons. This “memorial,” like | p°P the “answer” of the government which | DU is resisting payment, is printed in uni- | fo° [ his claim betore tnis | prosecution. The British reply paints anything but a attering picture of the old Sultan Al kander. It asserts that he was in the it of signing any old thing that was before him, and that his Singapore ntative, Keun, did a profitable ess in aileged concessions. It also ts that Studer was somewhat in the government for concession business himself, and, In the form sizes. > names of numerous American consuls in the far cast, obtained a whole flock of * alleged concessions from Al, which are Run through these printed documents | not mentioned in the American memorial, that comprise the subject matter be- = fore the tribunal and you find it rich * * and colorful in tales of high emprise, | The reply also vigorously upholds the of adventure, of battle, murder and | title of the Johore ruler to the throne sudden death. Kings, clvilized and sav- | and to dominion over Muar. It inti- age; sultans, ma ahs and presidents; | mates that it will see the heirs of Mal. Malay headhunters and South Sea pi- | Studer elsewhere before the British gov- rates; gold miners and fisher ment will admit the justice of the ha me; venturesome belted | claim. army and nav officer h | In the meantime the lands have become the pages as real c .| immensely valuable as rubber planta- he | tions. Hence the large sum demanded. political and militar Interest also from 1909, when this rubber B S R e dohn Bul lccounts INTERNATIONAT TRIBUNAL Ine SESSTON ; RIMHon. S1r.CHAS. TITZeAaTRICK. G.C.M.G. CHIEF JUSTICE OF CANADA AND THE DRITISI AR BITRATOR, M HearrI FROMAGEOT,! OF FRANCE, PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN ARBITRATORS 3 In WASHINGTON ! "ANDER SON; Uncir Sam heirs of R. E. Brown of Philadelphia, for £330,000—approximately $1,650,000—from Great Britain for an injustice perpetrated on Brown by Paul Kruger, when the latter was president of the South African republic. The odd part of this clalm Is that tne very injustice perpetrated on Brown had as much as anything else to do with arousing British anger against Kruger and bringing on_the Boer war. All the British books which treat of South Af- rican_affairs leading up to the war cite the Brown case to justify Britlsh ag- gression. Liberal quotations from these books adorn the pages of the memorial. And now the British government is asked to settle for Oom Paul's acts. The British_answer to the claim does mot at- tempt to deny the facts, but merely dis- claims liability. “No precedents are quoted,” says the answer, “to show that a conqueror is bound by the rules of in- ternational law to undertake such obli- gations of a conquered state.” Brown w a famous mining engineer. In every mining camp in the world he was known as “Brownie.”” Out in British Columbia, Idaho and -Washington, be- | fore he ever went to South Africa, he had acquired a fortune in his profession and in operations in mining. There at J 0 DME COQUITLAM, SEIZED .DY'"EIG%TING Bos Evans D TO PAY™ 104.000 DAMAGES. TEPHANUS JPAULUS KRUGER, Dornkoop in great number. Men were hived to camp on the farm, ready on re- celpt of signal to ‘“peg” claims In the interests of their employers. Fast horses were placed in relays from Doornkoop to the farm to convey the messages that the licenses had heen issued. Brown had spled out 1,200 claims, and had his men on them. He did not, nor d1d any one else outside the government. know that Kruger had privately granted 700 claims already to Kruger relatives. Brown, withtyplcal enterprise, had elect- ed not to depend on horses, but had se- cretly erected a heliograph apparatus to flash his signals across the veldt to his men as soon as he had received his licenses. The Boers, aroused by the intense ex- citement that prevailed among the British and American mining men who had gath- ered, felt that they had made a mistake in determining to open what must be a property of such huge value. Kruger's friends. not satisfied with the 700 claims one perfod he contributed a weekly col- [ llegally passed to thelr group, wanted umn of humorous and witty comment. to | 8VeR more. 2 a _Spokane newspaper over the signature | . “The Barbarian,” and so he also was * known as “Barbarian Brown.” He died| So, when Brown, early in the morning 11“ 1\;’\‘_‘ in Afifzn;"z.ll(}“; fat! er}.‘!LaW!t’i:CG of the 19th, approached the clerk’'s office, . g orown of Philadelphia; hls mother| yg founa it surrounded by a compact, sul- and his widow are now the clatmanta. |\ “0 O 5 SO e e *x * keeping out the Americans and Bri Like Americans, wealth. The summer of 1895 found him the district of Potchefstroom. The Kruger government was about throw open for gold pro: an area known as the F rm Witfonte John Hays Hammond and other he journeved to South Africa when the Rand began to show its golden pecting and claim These latter, some hundreds were raging, but could do nothing against the several thousand Boers. Brown gathered to him some of his own men, a dozen or more. Among them were several old foot ball players. Brown told them what he wanted. And then, pr in to It was presumed to lie on the main reef. | ently, on the outskirts of the crowd, what But before any claim could be flled the | any American would have recognized as prospective claimant must first obtain a i e ekt ol it license permitting him to stake—“peg,” | the “fving - . they call it in South Africa—a claim; one license for each-claim, A proclamation was that at 8:30 o'clock July on the morning would for license. Miners and mine operators flocked issued setting forth 19 the clerk’'s office at Doornkoop, twenty miles from the Farm Witfontein, be opened to recelve applications Brown, clutching a bag of money, at the apex. ot it started the massed Boers. Through them it went, “Forty yards to gain!" shrieked Brown Crashing through the wall of humanity to| went the wedge, and sharp at the hour of touch. of human experience TR el i S Pty vivid, entrancing, romantic. o et P There. for an example. 14 the clajm| Much more modern is the claim of the of the heirs of Adolph G. Studer, wh wants the British government to pay him $1,196,420.03 for what it did to Studer 2 third of a century ago in the Malay peninsula, and the American governnrent is bacKing the claim Studer was a naturalized Sw military education, who fought thr the civil war as an officer of the U army, rising to the r major. Following the war he at Des Moines, Jowa, as a bank accountant In 1871 he was <ppointed American consul at Singapore. Most of the Malay peninsula then, as now. was under British domination, but | in the hinterland was the independent | state of Muar. ruled by the Sultan Ali Iskander. Negotiations conducted through the sultan’s representative in | Singapore, one C. D. Keun, resulted in | Studer. in 1875, receiving a concession | from the sultan of miles squ Muar on condition that he culti Wise, After All. Representative Wyatt Alken South Carolina 1s a true of the south in the hospi- tality he shows vis- ot son ate it | gnd return one-tenth of its product to iting constituents. o sultan 2 8 They make a bee- tu epresentatives 1 at| Btuder's ‘representatives maintain that lie as fast as a during all the time to 1902, when he ws taxi can whirl them finally driven out, he iived up to the obligations of the contract as best he from the Union sta- could. He remained as consul at Singa- ton to his cozy pore until 1889, when he was transferred quarters in the to Barman, Germany. where he spent four years. returning to Singapore in | 1893, and then retiring from the govern- ment service. House office build- ing, znd, swarming in, cry aloud: show us a good time! “Here we ave; R G Then Mr. Aiken shows ’em. Studer's planting efforts appear to have | “There was one pllgrim to this na- progressed favorably until June 20. 1877, | tional shrine who, I fancy, had got h when Sultan Ali died. Enter upon the|consclenstionsness on somewhat askew;” scene Col. A. E. H. Anson of the British | gaiq Mr. Aiken in reminiscent mood. “He army, “administrator of the government | romped in with his party one Saturday of the Straits Settlements.” memorial recites that Anson, the Malay law of successio: Th. ecking to be shown, and I rook them around the Cap- shuddered at the cham- Stu, rding der | afternoon, s showed em. itol, where they denyin the rights of the lawf o {h& | ber of horrors and ‘Oh, oh'ed’ at the Sen- throne, conspired to and in | ate looking dignified and the House 100k~ having Muar annexed to the { bu | the Maharejah of Johc Beniofl “Then 1 drove them through the Mall government became re + ine| and by the White House, where I showed acts of the maharajah a fm to| them a distant prospect of the President be elevated to the rank of s T 10} ot the United States on the back porch This maharajah person se Then 1 took them to dinner and the the- r and to bed. xt morning I cailed around at their " hotel early and mapped out a joyous da o | for them, embracing pretty much every- thinz from Mount Vernon to movies. have looked with favor concession. Studer couldn't y to a definite recognition or denial ¢ | claim for vears, the maharajah riging with him, but all the time tempo- t granting | NS ! £ SR I new and overlapping concession. a ‘Wait a minute,” exclaimed th i | fook from Studer the bulk of his mopei | as We started toward the waiting auto. { ™I the meantime, 5o the memorint ro:| ..".'L always do this every day when T'm away from home.’ *Then hg, pulled ‘out a postal card and a fountain'pen and wrote: ‘Darling Wife—Auother dreary Sunday! **“Lovingly, Hubble.' he exclaimed, as he mail box. ‘Now I'm cltes, headhunters were Studer’s employes pr maharajah, and the the plantation increa: nally, the property b new claims and graves of the dece and. Studer being unable to obtain recog nition, he retired from the field and laid cced' hably mortality on by o the “*All set, iboys,’ dropped it in the ready for youl ™ He Refused Money. Representative R B. Stevens, the new member from the Granite state, pos- sesses the remark- able record of hav- ing refused money from Uncle Sam. In thesedays, When getting the needful out of Brother Jon- athan is censidered a noble occupation, to find some one re- fusing a check .re- mihds one of Caesar disdaining the proffered crown. Stevens, who Is a democrat, was elect- ed to Congress in November, but was at that time a member of the New Hamp- the governor of his state, having im- portant measures before the legislature, i | shire . legislature. He should by law | have been entitled to his seat in the | House of Representatives March 4, but | | begged Stevens ,to retain his seat these measures were passed. Of late vears a democrat.in a political position in New Hampshire was as rare as a snowbali in June. So Stevens did not come on to take his place here, but remained in Concord till his presence was no longer needed. He reached Wash- ington April 23 On being offered his salary as a mem- | ber of the House for the preceding month, Stevens promptly turned down the offer, stating that he was not-entitled to the remuneration Right! chusetts infallible test of world's series. The dinner was a lively one, with halt a dozen quartets and amateur choruses taking every opportunity to start some- When the cigars were lighted, and brought back to quiet and seriousness the 3500 leading Worcester men who had gather- thing. slow called for order, ed to honor the base ball heroes. “Before I call on the mayor to extend officially the welgome of the city to our guests, I will ask you ail to rise.”” The five hundred stood up, a man spoiled the effect by trying make a joke of it. “Now, I call on you to repeat after me the magic word, without which no true base ball fan could live.” He paused ‘for a second or two, and they walted in perfect silence for the word “Robber!” snapped out Winslow. And the five hundred instantly and unanimously shouted back: ““Robber!” Representative Winslow of Massa- recently established the one the close of the last evidently wondering what was to come, though not The Password. Strolling along the corridors of the big United States Post Office Department building a few days ago a large, husky man was bewildered at the number of rooms he encoun- tered in his effort to locate the desired a one. He accosted a true base ball fan passing clerk and He was toastmaster inquired where of the dinnmer ex- Fourth Assistant tended by the people Postmaster General of Worcester to|Blakslee's room was located. Jack Barry and| When informed, he tremblingly pulled Manager Connleffrom his vest pocket, where it 1eposed Mack of the Phila-|ready for delivery, a card greatly em- delphia Athletics at | pellished in a Spencerian penmanship hand showing that he was a rural car- rier from Wisconsin. “I wonder if Mr. Blakslee would like to_see one of his hands,” he remarked. The clerk, not being familiar with rurai vernacular, and knowing that Mr. Blaks- lee had two hands, could not under-. stand why he should want to see an- other one. However, Mr. Blakslee saw ‘‘one of his hands,” as he always does, and this phrase promises to be the popular ses- ame to gain entrance into his office. An “Angel” Unawares. Oscar Underwood tells a good one on himself in regard to a trip he took to Princeton shortly after Wilson was nom- inated. He sat by a man who began a conversation regarding prominent demo- crats, expressing himself freely on their points. As the train bowled over the long Jér- sey meadows the stranger remarked: ‘'Well, there is just one fellow I would love to see—and that is Oscar Under- wood.” to | of the high court. 8:30 Brown was jammed, breathless and a bit bloody, before the clerk’s windo “Here are three hundred pounds, declared. “I want 1,200 licenses.” Flustered, the Boer clerk did not know what to do. He consulted with his su- periors gathered in the office, and then returned to the window and weakly said that the hour of opening had been changed to 10:30. Brown was not to be denied. He insisted on his money being accepted. Finally the Boer gave abso- lute refusal and slammed the window he ‘in his face. A roar went up from all the crowd; & roar of triumph from the Boe: of rage from the Americans and glish Brown already had taken legal advice. He rushed from the window to his signal station and flashed his message to begin “pegging.” 'Later the Boer government refused his filings, and, under a new plan, devised later, jssued grants to Boers on a lottery bas * * X Brown took his claims into the Boer high court. There he won a decision d claring that he was entitled to his I censes. Kruger was aroused as he never bad been aroused before. He refused to let his officers carry out the decree of the court, and dismissed the chief justice No charges of wrong- doing were made agalnst the justice; he simply was put out Now Brown. as the evidence shows, had offers to-buy his 1,200 claims at $1,500 each the instant he could get title. But, through the operations of Kruger, he could not get title. Kruger’s arbitrary stance fanned British indignation to flame. It was evidence, so the Britons charged, that the outlanders were being discriminated against; that the laws were changed on the moment if an out- lander was to profit by tnem ATl these years the thing has dragged until now an international tribunal is to determine whether the successor of a etate is bound to pay the adjudged debts of its predecessor in soverelgnty. A new precedent in intérnational law is to be established. 7 The Cayuga Indian case is a notabls one on the record of the tribunal. A little matter of $976,023 is demanded of Uncle S by the remnants of the Cayuga tribe now residing on the Grand river in Canada. acts in this in- | revol Under the scorching African sun, their | reservations, eratio feet stirring_the white dust into clouds, | state paying them annuities, It gained Wmpetus; It struck | Canandaigua, amo The Cayugas were one of the Six Na- They had undisputed title to 1,700 square miles of territo of Cayuga lake in New Yo stion most of them moved o Grand river valley in Car after several abortive attemp! treaty was concluded between the the 'state 'of New York by which they | ceded to the state their lands, with small in consideration of the yearly, at ting to $2,300. - * * The Cayugas in Canada became In- tensely loyal to the British crown. When events were moving toward the war of 1812 they took the British side. Ac- cordingly New York stopped paying the nuities. Now come the Cayugas, backed by the British government, with a demand for the annuities for 103 years, amounting to $236,900, with interest at 6 per cent. The interest amounts to $739,125, or more than three times the principal. There are many small and individual cases before the tribunal. One, Which was argued the other day, is in a class by itself. It appears that in July, 1907, Miss Elizabeth Cadenhead of Kingston, On- tarfo, went across the line to visit her brother at Sault Ste. Marie. Mich. While there, accompanied by relatives, she we: sightseeing at Fort Brady, an army post then garrisoned by Company M of the Tth United States Infantry The party was leaving the post when a military prisoner, charged with desertion, jumped the wall and started to make a Zetaway. Private Cyrus Gillette, sen- try'in charge of the prisoner, took a shot at the escaping man. It is evident that the sentry had not profited by the course of target practice laid down in the firing regulations of the United States Army, for he missed the deserter entirely, but shot and killed Miss Cadenhead. The British government asks indignant- 1y if a feminine subject of his Britannic majesty is thus ruthlessly to be shot down in time of peace without something being done about it, and demands $25,000 for the victim's relatives. The United States responds that the shooting was a mere accident: that Pr vate Cyrus Gillette has been duly cou martialed for the shooting and also for letting a prisonef escape. and that he has been acquitted. as both matters wers things he could not help. = * Seven British claims against the Tnited States, totaling a sum of $288,604, arising out of the ancient Bering sea sealing dis pute, have been argued before the tri- bunal since it began sitting early in March this vear. After the Paris Bering sea tribunal of 1803 had made its award the United States was compelled to pay several hundred thousand dollars damages for lilegal seizures of Canadian sealing schooners, but the claims now pending haye arisen since then. Each government has in general charge of its cases an agent and under him a considerable staff of officers and coun- sel. The American agent is Robert Lan- sing of Watertown, N. Y., who, after he had prepared the American cases and the American answers, was recently ap- pointed counselor of the Department of State, succeeding Johin Bassett Moore. Under him are R. A. Youns, secretary, and L. M. Snowden, disbursing officer.