Norwich Bulletin Newspaper, July 3, 1909, Page 9

The City of Norwich as It App;nred in 1860 from' Laurel Hill LINES ON THE 250th ANNIVERSARY of the Founding of Norwich, Conn,, BY ANDREW J. HETRICK The pines of the Sierras flame in light, , ‘And stand in their majestic forms' of migh As giant knights that know not toil or care, They Jitt their heads up in the mountain air, . And rod their plumes, and seem, in glad review, To say—*Prom ‘tiny sprouts we grew.” \ © Norwich, fair Rose of New England, so Thou didst grow, five times fifty years ago; And on this, thy anniversary day, We cheer thee, with a salyo, on thy way! > How pleasant 'tis to see a village start! The houses are, at first, no works of art, And varied are the shapes which they.display; ‘Their colors, too, are dull, or bright and gay. But statelysmansions, by and by, appear, Not placed in gloom, but to the surishing near; And all about them pleasing lawns are seen, . With trees deciduous and eversreen Adorned, and sweetest flowers and greenest grass Which all delight, the young and old Who pass. Across the greensward children skip and run, Apd fill the air with sounds of merry fun, And-come around their hearths with gladsome looks ‘At night, to read the tales of fairy books, Or hear their mother's voice in childhood rhymes, Or others sing the songs of olden times, “Twas so, methinks, old Norwich did arise; Or, if not so, then somewhat otherwise— Arise in vales and on high, sloping hills About which now are many busy mills, And from which one may with delight look down And see the splendors of this famous town! The beautiful groves, avenues and streets Affording pleasing shade and soft retreats; ~ The spreading trees and Chelsea parade, 8o’ often used for play and promenade; The new Mohegan and the other parks, The ‘stately homes and places Nature marks As grand beyond the power of tongue {o tell; The halls, the churches and Love Lane or dell; The rivers with the old familiar names— Ehetucket, Yantic, Quinebaug and Thames, Whose waters run through meadows and upland, Until they reach the Sound, so near at hand. All these, one may with benefit survey, - ' And regions, also, that are far away. 8o, now with wistful eyes and hearts we come To Norwich, our dear old New England home, From places far remote and near around, To view, once more, and bless this hallowed ground— This hallowed ground that oft has brought to birth The thoughts that sacred were in minds of worth. Such thoughts would, now, in all, be wakened here, It they could read the annals of each year ‘Hat’s intervened, since the brave founders came, And here revived a well-kpown English name. Here are the holdings the first settlers bought, . Here Miantenomo and Uncas fought; . Here Mason, Fitch and others laid out land, . And stromgly took for truth and right their stand; And here the pioneers, most sturdy men ‘Whom few can now describe with tongue or pen, Did build, no doubt, much better than they kne From which what grand results are now in view! From small beginnings, here the fathers rose, ™ Employed their talents in the spheres they cho: And with their helpmates, found it §ood to live, Nor mought the freedom which divorces give. The merchants here gave rich and poor their due, Regarded men much more than what they do; And manufacturers held products less Than their producers, in all kinds of stress; And politiotans yan no vulgar race, And purchased 1iot, with gold, a longed-for place, Or sought, by other dark intrigue, to gain Success In any sharply fought campaign; But honorably strove to give to high and low Preferments, merit should alone bestow. None ' strove to gather where they had not sowed, Or looked for wealth where they'd no work bestow And all, one day in seven, ceased from toll, And suffered naught from this of 1oss or mofl. They rested, like the Pilgrims, on that day, And -worshiped God, in their adoring way. The Ten Commandments had a meaning then Which was respected by e'en thoughtless men; ‘And ‘twas not sought to render void their claims, By lowering the bars to sinful games. The women here were held in high esteem, : But net as, Grecian slaves who did not gleam, Or girls il Chesterfield's indulgent age, When_ dress, with little culture, was the rage; . And ‘were industrious in female ways, And worthy of enjeweled words of praise. As heat can mever be divorced from fire, ‘Religion did in them good taste inspire, Refinement and that noble Christian thought And action which naught else has ever brought. They made their humble homes restful bowers In which their loved ones spent delightful hours. The clergylabored here, from year to year, And whetHer with looks pleasant or austere, Proclamed the truth, reproved, rebuked and prayed, Adversity's severity allayed, ‘And comfort brought to the beréaved and woe-betide, Nor walked, themselves the way of life aside, And here, reverently lct it be said, Reposing are the living called the dead; In Yantic cemetery and the rest, Their ashes lie fulfilling the behest: The bodies of the just and the unjust Alike must turn to what they were, the dust; Their souls must o to their Creator God, ‘And mot stay with their partners ’'neath the sod. ‘We, greet them now as though they are near by, And grasp our hands with those that lifeless lie; Rebt be to them and to them joy #nd peace \And happiness that cannot lLave Surccase! Tofay, we view, with pride, the work they've done And all results attained, and glories won. ¥rom Meeting-house rocks, we readily see . The beauties of the stream, the grove and lea, £ The. trees, the church, the housef new aud old , ‘Which form a landscape lovely to behold— Alpanorama of encircling land, 1 . Buch as few noted reglons can command ‘We're proud of the environs of this place, , The incunabula of a good race, * - A race that’s benefited and adorned Its generation, and all meanness scorned, And give to it theso hearts and hands of ours, And crown it with our praises as with flow'rs. But what of things that have been cradled here, And institutiong so remowned and dear? What can I say of them that's not been said The Grecian artist, Zeuxis, when he made A certain picturg for a temple, stayed His hand, till he seme pretty girls could see. e chose five models, fair as fair can be, Biit one of these would not remove her vell, As from their charms’ he painted, in detail, . *His Helen, and when this was put in place, And connoisseurs loeked at it, face to face, It was received with raptureus delight; * And better said by some, alive or dead? They surely need no words of praise ffom me, As they're themselves their laud or eulogy. The City’s homes—how beautiful they stand, Amid adornments. glorious and grand! ‘What elms and maples in their yards areund! What lovely shrubs and flow'rs in them abound! In them accomplishments are taught and nursed, And ev'rywhere the thought of them is first. There woman's voice i8 heard in grateful song As o'er some page it sweetly moves along; There gladsome looks of household love, by night Met round their hearths in incandescent light; And some, we know, are ruled by Holy Writ, From the beginning to the end of it. The houses, too, in which the schools are taught— How well they're built, and answer modern thought! Both those for public and for higher schools Conform to civil architecture rules. How fine, for instance, Broad street house appears, And others raised or built in long-gone years! . ‘What largeness in the Free Academy ‘Whose praises can't be trolled enough by me! How bold is Slater Memorial hall— In'massive grandeur, it surpasses all! What multitudes have filled their rooms and halls! ‘What voices have resounded from their walls! Here many lighted were with. learning's flame, And then went forth and won enduring fame; And many now ledrn their first lessons here, And fitted are for work, from year to year. The churches, temples of Almighty God ‘Which have been built where oft the fathers trod— How humble some, how stately others are! How interesting all, seen near or far! ‘What sweet, delightful music, at fixed times, Falls on attentive ears from belfry chimes, Invites to worship all both small and great, ‘While still their hearts are strong and palpitate! Call each & meeting-house, or other-name, It is a hallowed bullding, all the same. The Perfect Father there His name records, But though it was most pleasing to the sight, - Zeuxis himself found fault with it, he said, Because it lacked the blush of the veiled maid. So levely ladies, you must not forget 3 You're lovellest, when like the violet. And Norwich gentlemen, you now we greet, You now, as former friends, we're glad to meet. You have been faithful over many things, And-fours will be the joy such service brings. We praise you for your great achievements here, And hope youw'll mever have good cause to fear Effects injurious to lite and health, Of greed, or maddening pursujt of wealth. The craze for wealth, or eager love of gain But aims for vanity, and ends in pain. Perchance, yow've heard the wonderful, old tale Of Atalanta, who was a girl hale And beautiful, and withal fleet and strong, And sought in marriage, frequently and long. She told each wooer that he might aspire To gain, by racing with her, his desire. 1f he should run and lose, she'd take his lif But if he won, she would become his wife. To run with her, exposed to such a fate, Might make the boldest even, hesitate. Still, many ran, and sank with loss of breath, And then, with dart, she pierced them to their death. At length, lufed by her charms, Hippomenes, With golden apples from Hesperides, Took his stand beside her, and then began The struggle, but as o'er the track they ran, He saw ’twas an unequal one to them, And he must try to win by stratagem. So, as he found his vigor failing fast, And he would soon be hopelessly surpassed, He threw aside an apple, first but one, Amazed, she ran for it, while he ran on. This was again repeated, and again, Until he beat this vanquisher of men. So, if we, lured by gold, the straight way shun, We'll lose the race we ought, on earth, to run. Ana gives His sons and daughters helpful words. ‘What worshipers in them their voices raise, And vocal make the air with songs of praise! What doctrines from their pulpits are discoursed! ‘What useful precepts and great truths enforced! And the Y. M. C. A. that aids our youth To turn away from vanities to truth; That to its gorgeous home invites the young To manly sports that make them hale and strong, So they feel like one who, “secure and proud, Ascends the ladder leaning on the cloud.” And libaries, Peck and Otis and those ‘That are not named, but ev'ry patron knows, ‘Whose many books are mentors of the mind, Afford companiohships of evry Kind, “Turn back the tide of ages to its head, And hoard the wisdom of the honored dead.” And hospitals, Backus and Brewster's Neck, The Sheltering Arms, an older one, I reck— All stars in Norwich galaxy of homes In which the sick or injured one that comes Is treated with vestoratives designed For health and strength of body and of mind. And others still, Johnson and Huntington, Thus christened, “long ago and later on.” Besides good missions and societies, Fraternal orders in varietfes— All these devoted are to the relief Of poverty, misfortune and grief, And show, by works that are not advertised, How mortals may be helped and humanized. The horologe of Norwich strikes this time, With a melodious and gladsome chime, And prithee, what does it prognosticate Shall be, in other vears, this City’s state? 1t now, enjoys the best the ancients had, And has, it may be, less of what is bad. Nay, it enjoys more that is great and grand, The usufructs of peace, on sea and land. It's beautiful now, prosperous and free, But what, at last, will be its destiny? Ah! none of us will then be here to see, Unless we are so, imperceptibl Today, it wears a garland on its brow, But will it wear one, fifty years from now? z 1t scorns, today, to sycophants to bow, - But will it do so, fifty years from now? 1t sails on now with Vigor at the prow, But will it do so, fifty years from now? 1 cannot tell, but surely there will be Then the three-hundredth anniversary. And, meanwhile, if it truly serves its Lord, And venerates and keeps His Holy Word, It will enlarge its boundaries, and be More beautiful and prosperous and free: And will, i;\ five times fifty years from this, Be multipifed, oft times, in size and biiss. The Bible ‘tis that has the greatest weight In making states and cities strong and great.® In commendation of it, let me tell This story, and then bid you all farewel! In fair Geneva by the lake is seen And those who smother and “put out the light,” Who're clothed in regimentals trim and RQright, And are as prompt to answer fire alarms As pafriotic soldiers, the calls to arms, And jeopardize themselves to rescue life And property, in hard, exhausting strife. And those who in embattled ranks did stand, And bravely, fight to save this favored land— The veterans of a gigantic wa ‘Who bared themselves to shots, from near and far. And also those not of the rank and file ‘Who yet are marks for balls from creatures vile, The uniformed protectors of the peace, Denominated rightly the police, ‘Who, night and day, expesed to cold and heat, Walk to and fro, each in his well-worn beat. And advocates of justige, one and all Who sit in judgment inl the City Hall ‘Where they are wont to hear most urgent prayers, In efforts to adjust mixed-up affairs; . Who do not nod and wink at common crimes, And punish friendless innocence, at times, But hold the scales of right in equipoise, And do their work without applause or noise. Besides, the press, the mighty instrument On progress, liberty and peace intent— The Evening Record, Morning Bulletin And others that to them are near akin, Good, able journals that, without dismay, Make known the wonders of each passing day, Uphold the right and what is wrong oppose, And mysteries unravel and disclose, And edit well the news their'agents find, The Rose of New England, how matchlesly fai None other its beauty and fragrance may share; It is peerless and priceless; is sweetest and best, A Rose among roses, the queen of the rest. A pleture on which travelers have been Accustomed earnestly to look =nd loc E'en as one looks into a curious book. The ample canvas shows a pair of scales, Contrived for daily use in storehouse sales One balance holds great things of heavy we ght, Or'what fs thought are such, at any rate; The other holds a Bible, black and small Which slowly pulls them up and outweighs all, Though Satan firmly holds the former’s chain, And at it tugs, with all his might and main. So may the Bible weigh, in all this towr, And as an open book, be handed down, Until the, angel stands on earth and sea And swears, by Heav'n, time shail no 1 er bal THE ROSE OF NEW ENGLAND (The Poetical Name for Norwich) BY ANSON G. CHESTER (Written Specially for The Bulletin.) And with it edify and bless mankind. ‘We greet you all, though we're but as a blast That's heard, and is, forthwith, forever past! And ladies of this town, we greet you, too! For its advances much is due to you. The high esteem of woman is the test Of progress, ev'rywhere, supreme and best. ‘Without her love, without her grace and aid, Man would soon become a renegade. As “Workers” long “United,” you have won The Master’s plaudit— Well and nobly done!” As “Daughters” doing Christian work, you've gained Repute for good well earned and well sustained. As women who endeavor to up-pen Intoxicants from the abuse of men, And save men from their dread and dire effects By those enactments loyal man respects— May victory pérch on your banners soon *And bring to drinkers strength, a joyful boon' “But times have changed, and other diys have come.” till woman's proper sphere is “Home, sweet home.” “Her fairest virties fly from public sight; Domestic worth—that_shur€ too.strong a light.” True modesty is woman's finest {rait, And that is what this tale does indicate: e Here all the rare odors commingle and meet; Not alone insthe senses the perfume abides, It surcharges the soul and the spirit besides. r The Rose of New Englang, its fragrance how sweet! When our Rose burst to being it blossomed to last— Its future we read in the light of the past; There js life in its roots, in its petals increas And the life shall endure, and the growth s! ali not cease. Most blossoms are worn, for display, on‘the breast— Our Rose, in its mission, outvies all thé rest; It is made of our lives, of our beings, a part, It adorns soul and spirit, is worn on the heart. Wherever the sons of old Norwich reside, Wherever the daughters of Norwich abide, It shall live in the spirit, shall dwell in the heart, * And from soul, senge and memory never de God foster our Rose all the centuries through, Give it rain, give it sunshine and shadows and dew; O Rose of New England, continub to bloom On my heart, in my soul and at last, at my tom = & 4 Buffalo, N. Y. ~~ find civilized rades in contact with toose séml-civilized, or litle removed from 'the savage condition. the more Iiphly developed peoples have gradu- ally taken the'places of the less high- 1y @eveloped —peoples. Savage and semi-civilized races bave always quar- ried. with each othier upon slight pre- texts, and their alllances and trealies of peace have always lasted but a brief e. It may be stated as a general w of the progress of civiligation that mors highly developed races and of those less fitted to survive. When the English first came to Con- reeticut they found various Indian trbes, more or less conneoted with caich other, who had been and contin- to be quarreling on_ slght pretexts. To unders¢éand the history of the set- tiwment of Norwich we need to bear in m'nd the relattonships of four Indian trie 1, the Pequots, living on the skores of Loug Island Sound, includ- ing the territory now occupied by N London, Groton and Stonington; 2, the gicat rivals of the Pequots, the Nar- ragansetts, living to the east of the Pequot_territory in what i now the state of Rhode Island; 3, the Niantics, alied by race to the Narrangansetts and living to the west of the Pequots in the territory now occupied by lLyme and Saybreok:; 4, the Mohegans, living to the north and west of the Pequots in the area where Norwich now lies. from which this ter- ritcry was purchased, were originally a part of the Pequot tribe, and were ¢ the same stock with the Mohicans of the Hudson. It is possible that they had come to this part of Connec- t not long before the arrival of the white men. Uncas, the chief of the Mohegans, rad married in 1626 the daughter of Szssacus, the Pequot sachem, thus al- lying himselt still more clozely with his kinsman and liege lord. But Un- cas was exceedingly restless and am- tiious, and continually ~ rebelled against his superior. Each time he was forced to yield, but always by re- rewed submission gained pardon and recovered his lands. In April of 1637 the Pequot Indians wode an attack upon Wethersfield wLich o alatmed the general court for the safety of the new settlements that war was declared against them on May st Major John Mason secured the aid of the Mohegans, under Uncas, and Reger Williams that of the Narragan- scits, so that these two rival tribes were for the time united against their common foe. An attack was made on the Pequot fort, and of the 700 Indians o were supposed to be In the fort at the time only seven escaped and scven were taken prisoners. By this > pedition the Pequots were almost if nct quite exterminated- A treaty between the English, the Mohegans and the Narraganseétts was soon after signed at Hartford, the In- Glans agreeing to keep the peace, and (o refer their difficulties to the Eng- lish. But the natural jealousy of the two sachems, Uncas and Miantonomo, scon led to fresh difficulties, and open wer broke out. Each tried to gain the sympaty and aid of the white men; ut Uncas was the more successful. In the words of other Indians, “the Eng- L:ish made him. high.” The land upon which the settlement f Norwich was afterwards made, ly- ing, 2 aid, between the territory of the Narragansetts on the east and tnat of the Mohegans on the west, be- me the battle ground of the hostile ti"bes. Here came the soouts of the Narraga #rd here was the lookout post of the Regardless of the treaty by which tiey ad promised to submit their o {ure took place between' the two tribes, ©nd war broke out in the summer of 1643, Tradition has preserved for us some interesting incidents of that war: Mi- anicnomo, the Narragansett chief, se- 1etly assembled his forces and march- \gainst the Mohegans, crossing the t at the ford not far from the Stetuol saretion of the Quinebaug, From this inint they streamed across the hill and through the woods, crossing the Yan- tic by the ford at No Man's acre, at ent the point where the pi rmed of Sherman street crosses the Uncas, having been in ¢ir approach, met them on the Great Plain” west of the river. This plain is known todgy as 'the East Great Plain, having recelved this name from the fact that it lay east of the « ‘tlements at Saybrook. Uncas sent a irossenger to request a parley With izntonomo, and this being granted, it ¢ two sachems met on the plain be tseen thelr armies. Uncas sag- gested that he and Miantonmo should reet in wingle combat, thus decid- ing the fortune of the day, and at the same time sparing the lives of their warriors. As he said, “Let us two fight it out;~Jf you kill me, my men shall be vours; but if I kill you, your men shall be mine.” The Narragansett chief seems to have suspected some crafty artifice, and replied: “My men came to fight, ang they shall fight.” Uncas at this fell upon his face on the ground as a signal toghis followers. They were standing ready, with bent bows, and instantly discharged a shower of ar- Lrows upon. the foe, raising their battle vell, and rushing forward with their fomahawks, Uncas himself starting up and leading the charge. The Narra- gansetts were taken by surprise. Thes Were carelessly awaiting the outcome of the conference between the sachems, and hardly expected that the Mohegans with their smaller numbers would ven- ture tp fight at all. In the battle which followed the Nar- ragansetts were routed, and fled in wild panic back across the rivér. Ac- cordfng to the accounts given by the { Mohegans, so great was the alarm of the fugitives that they were “driven like frightened sheep through woods and swampe, or captured without re- sistanc Tt is sald that ome poor Natragansest was tcund struggling and panting in the thicket near the river suppusing himself in the water, and trying to swim. At arother time, or perhaps in con- nection with this same wild flight, it is sald that one party of the Narra- gansetts were so hard pressed by tlieir enemies that rashly or unawares they plunged from the cliff on the west of the falls, and were dashed upon the rocks below. Miantopomo himself in his fiieht reached fthe spot now known as Sa chem’s Plain. Here he was overtak by a Mohegan warrior who impeded his fight and alded Uncas to capture him. For a while Miantonomo was kept a prisoner, but at last his fate was decided by the English, and it was de- creed that he should be put to death Dby his conqueror. The tradition is that he met his_fate on the spot where he was captured, and where a mouument now stands, replacing the rude pile of slones throwry together-by. the Indlans. The Pequots, Narragansetts, Niantics and Mohegans who “Ruled this !erritory Prior to 1659—The Alliance of . the Whites with the Mohegans and the Purchase of the Nine-Mile Square which was Called Norwich. 1 Jvoples have gradually taken the plice | s to spy out the land, | e (b the English, an open rup- | ‘Wherever In the history of the world | (But the Journal of Governor Winthrop of Missuchusetts states explicitly that Uncas ied his captive to the Mohegan land between Hartford and Windsor, somewhere in the present East Hart- ford or East Windsor.) the place of Miantonomo's capture dis~ appeared 1 course of time, and in 1341 was replaced by the monument still standing on Sachem’s Plain. The Narragansetts, to avenge the death of their sachem, invaded thd Mohegan territory in 1845, and be= sieged Uncas in his fort at Shantok Point, nearly opposite Poquetantck. How long the siege lasted we do not know, but Uncas and his people wers reducad to a starving condition when Licutenant Thomas Leftingwell “loaded a canoe with beef, corn and pease and undes cover of the night paddles trom Savbrook into the Thames and had the address 1o get the whole inte the fore™ in the morniug the inmates of the fort raised a plece of beef on a pole 8o that the relief which had come io them. When the Narragansetts learned that the English had come to the ald of Uncas they abandcned the siege. It was said that for this assistance Uncas gave Lefngwell a deed to part, it not the whole, of the town of Norwich. There is no record of any such deed, but it cannot be doubted that such generous help strengthened the friendship of Uncas for the English and served to protect Lefingweu and his companions from hostile attack in later days. It was probably through the friend- ship and acquaintance of Uncas and Major Mason that the purchase of the nine miles,square from the Mohegans was brought about. Mason says of Uncas that he was “a great friend and aid us much service.” During the Indian wars in this vi- cinity the Indians had destroyed each other, and the p e ready for the white man's coming. deed conveying the land upon which was made the settlement of Norwich was signed by “Onkos, Owaneco, Attawan- hood, Sachems of Mohegan,” on Juna 6, 1659, A copy of it reads as fol- that Onkos, Owaneco, Attawanhood, Sachems of Mohegan, have Bargined, s0ld znd passed over, and doe by these presents sell and pass over unto the Towne and Inhabitants of Norwich nine miles square of land lying and being at Moheagen and the parts thereunto ajoyneing, with all ponds, rivers, woods, quarries, mines, with all royaltics, privileges and appurtenan- ces thereunto belonging, to them the said ichabitants of Norwich, thbire heirs and successors forever—the said lands are to be bounded as followeth, (viz.) to the southward on the west side of the Great River, ye line is to begin at the brooke falling into, the head of Trading Cove, and soe te rum west norwest seven milea—from thenca the lie to run nor portl east nine miles, and on the East §ide the afores'd river to the southward the line is to' joyne with New London | bounds as it is now laid out and soe to run east two miles from the fores'd river, and soe from thence the line is' to run por noreast nine miles to meet with the western line.——In consids tion whereof the sd Onkos, Owaneco and Altawanhood doe acknowledge to have recelved of the parties aforesd the full and juste sum of seventy pounds and doe promise and engage ourselves, heirs and successors, to warrant the sd bargin and sale to the | aforesd parties, their heirs and suc- ssors, and them to defend all claims and molestations from any whatso- ever—In witness whereof we have hereunto set to our bands this 6th of June,” Anno 1659, UNCAS X ny OWANECO X marke T his marke ATTAWANHOOD X marke With the coming of the English the alarms of Uncas were at an end, and after 1659 there seem to have been no general attacks upon the Mohegans, although hostile skulking parties some times passed through the settlement. The Rev. Mr. Fitch, the pastor of | the church in Norwich, took a deep interest in the Iiand, mastered their language and preached to them. Among the poorer families of the Mo- hegans he found willing, listener: and rejoiced over them as over “lost chil- dren that had been found.” But with the sachems and chiefs Christianity was never popular, although .Uncas gave his promise to attend upon the preaching of Mr. Fitch “at all such seasons as he shall appoint” and to encourage his people in all possibl ways to follow the teaching of Mr. Fitch. The Mohegan Society for Ameliorat- ing the Condition of the Last Mohegan India: was formed in 1829.—Twenty | highest' subscribers, are directors for life. Joseph Williams, who is the Over- geer of the tribe is Secretary and Treasurer. Every subscriber is a member, and it to the amount of one dollar or more, is a member for life The money is to _be expended in buildiag a small Church or Chapel, upon or near the ruins of the old In- dian fort, at Shantok Point, called Fort Uncas, in Mohegan. Amount of money wanted, - $500. About $300 already subscribed. The tract of land owned by this tribe contains about 2.700 acres of fine land, between Norwich and New London. The number of Indians who occupy or draw rent from the lands, about 8 ’h des some absent In parts un- known Meeting house built April, 1831 Auxiliary Soclety for improving the condition of the Mohegan Indians, formed 1831, Joseph Williams, President. Charles Hyde, Secretary Edward Whiting, Treasurer. John A. Rockwell, ‘Willam C. Gil- man, Charles Coit, Directors. A school is supported by the Soclety at_ Mohegan. In 1390 s reservation was made by the state®o the Mohegans, and d tributed among the several families, later reverting to the tribe in com- mon, This land is still occupled by their descendants, although there are f any of pure Mohegan h%q re- sing. One great difficuity with 2 reservations was found to be that as these reservations were not under the laws of the /state, outlaws and criminals could get into them and be protected by the Indians. 8o it has been found wiser to_divide Indian iands and let the L them, rather than to tracts belonging solely to the "The heap of stones which marked the ememy might see it and know of