The New-York Tribune Newspaper, February 9, 1867, Page 4

QAmusemento. T e e Y WINTRR GARDEN 28 EVENING-MERCHANT OF V! > NpLOS GARDEN. y THIA tvx!l.\‘o-rm" 140k (ROOK—Great Parisienns Baliot clock. Feoupe Mabiudo at 1 o'cloc ACK'S T(iEA By R - TAREAEROUS SANE. Mr. 3. W. Walack. ey OADWAY THEATER. % mo—fr‘.‘wnm, OR THE WONDFRVUL SCAMP= M ihe Worrell Slsters. Matinée ab 1§ o'clock. TUS K TrIA KN DINDBRELLA OLYMPIC THEATER. we s AFTELNGON .~ GERMAX OPLEKA —MARTHA, THIS RVENING-MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR- THEATRE FRAXCAIS. 3 HIS RYENING—LES NOCES DE JEANKTTE—-LE MEURTRIER DE THEODOE. NEW-YORK THEATRKR. = THIS KVENING-BIRD OF PARADISE—GRAND CORPS DE ALLIC. - ARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM. f DAT AND unvk‘;l G—CHRISTIAN MARTYRS—TWO HUND- KD THOUSAND ( 'llx?l IES~VAN AMBURGH'S COLLEC- 1QN O¥ WikD ANTMAL 3 WERY THEATER AND_PYIHIAS — ¢ _DAVON VRNING — DAVON @ DUTCHMAN. Mr. W. H. Wialles, e £ Jikyl ER~BLUNDERIN BV Horsog. NEW-TORK CIRCUS, : AT KYKNING — JOCKEY CLUB KACES. New York Oircas Tooupe. Matinée at 2} o'click. KRLLY & LRON'S MINSTRELS. KVENING — CINDER-LEON — MADAGASCAR oo vestigation; ) i DODWORTIL TIALL .\'m--Jnra(y’ Nnv? ”Ifl Monfly Artu-;o. and "',I"v;' DAL stoNtsT. Matisée s | matiers, will be found on the second page. Ihe “?m N e e i ? Mnrkrb’z, an artiole on Protection of Awmerican VING HALL. THIS m’klnn—('h!lflflflk'hfik CONCERT T0 3R BDWD. MOLUKNHAUKR. Mme. Gaszanig: illeri, etc. UNION 1A THIS AFTRRNOON AND EVEN Qorase Twenty-shinkst. and Brosdway. H [T-AVE. OPERA HOUSE. a5 NG ('i’lku‘l"l'lfi & CHRISTY'S MINSTRELS. , Danelog, ete. EXHIDITION OF NG, ¢ AND EVERINO—iow Do oree Falr,” o, 1L W. "8 AKE ROOMS, —BUNYAN TABLEAUX. Now AnzricaN (WarTnay) Warcs THE m’.sfi IN THE WORLD. T4 TUTAQPNROT AT LAIE DUCOTALAD Upnax's Pz Propared acconling to the formuls of ere 4 lon in B through the pre wkaTm@NT was st bried o Russia lesa gratifying than surpristn most Ak{1 ‘wuder the new treatu that (Re world Is chiofly inde of the FRRESK-MrAT CURE. Ttis p u 2,000 cases 1a 5 bich 1t Las been i el Mear Coue. Prof. Taovsszac of Parts. st Mrats is eficial results have been es. The Fresn Mrar The Tessits oD A >, and s single lottle of the Lof its virtaes as the great beal » Wedicive will convi i ey of e nincteentl century. o arder to placo UriaX's Fxsit MraT CORB withia the reach of all , tie price will be as follows: 514 b six bottles for $5. by o say part e of s i~ ats. 0 a0 any adlrcas. ‘Bold by 1w an FamNEs & C We pledge our reputation for the fulfilment of what we hore declaze. Tu al cry lostanca where tha fnfust fe anfering irom ppia and exbaustion, retief il be found in Steen or twoaty minates afte Mis. WiNsLow's SooTarvy Staipy bas been administered. . Sare to regulate the bow- Cures dyasaters, avd diarrbes and wind couts & bottle. Be sure sud call for * Mus. Wixstow's # having the fac sisile of “ Conris & PErKs'? o0 base imitations. f a Cold the first weok, and safer to rid Mours—tha proper remedy for the purpse belng Dr. Jaxs«'s Exracto Ranr. Sold by all Druggiste. + For an Iritated Throat, Cough or Cold, © Brown's Rronchial Troches" ste ofered with the fullest cousdeace to hei eBear i the gosd woputation theyhave justly acquired. da there orc imida be aure o They bave been thorongh!s tested, and my , R e Tue EUREKA Bricx MacHiNe wort to perfection, and & mack of the your maching for its the best -t oRtAIs the B0 modl of simplicity and powe, it perfouns S vol contimnaly brecking dova. A st brick-makers in (his State maid 1, ix mada from extrewmely Al Droggists aud Live ror tie aestores g s o ! color and youthin! trength 1o the weakest hair; stops its falling sing. usble haic-dressers, and at my offce, No. Sanan A Curvavie, M. D, The best in th erfect dye—binch ue nigued Wac bair BoM by sl draggsts and s 1122 Broaten;. X. Y. BATCHELOK'S 1Ak Dis «i . : ALMANAC See advertisemen Han: Die—The best er wlate ey )n!f(hnb\.l‘lflflv POK-NTIT prewiims Ma ] WeRKLY TRIBUNE, No notics ean b takea of Auonymous Communic DUME BOY OF | All busin Wo canaot underteke to Boston; Senafor, 0. paLLET | Association; of it the Saat fortyeight | (1o [louso yesterday, the Democrats rep | has a Ret I B R S RK DAILY TRIBUNE, SATUKDAY, FEBRUARY NEW-YO i Pailyribune, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1867. = = TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. Mail ubscribers, $10 per annom. s, Mail Subscribers, $4 per an. Mail Subscribers, $2 per annum. Advertistng Ratos DatLy TRIBONE, 20 conts per lino. SeM1-WEEKLY TBIBUNE, 25 conts per lino. WaeEkLy TrRinune, $1 50 per Line Torms, cash in advance. Address, TrIBUNE, Now-York e 70 CORRESPONDENTS. ne. Whitever Is intended for {nsartion must bs authouticated by the name and address of the wrlter—aot wecessarily for publicatioa, but a3 & guaranty for his good fath. lottara for this ofica should ba addressed b ‘Tus Taw oxg," New-York ) rejocted Commanisationd e i tter from our Special Correspondent én A o0, @ Cormell and. (he Citizens' the*Soldiers' Petition; the Ferry In- Militia News, Civil Court Reports, and some_City News appears on thethird ’S“;;'.' Mf\ Publications will be found y otices"of New on the sicth page. Without dobate, the bill to admit Nebraska was passed,in the Senate yesterday over the Prosident’s veto by a vote of Yeas, §1; Nuys, 9. 1t goos to, the Hoyse. |m:€ of tho the mass mecting held at the Hoboken Ferry last night, of passengers unable to obtain fer- riage, and one of the speakers asserted that the sessions of the Committee in Brooklyn had resulted in nothing. We are glad to sce that {his detention resulted in the formation of an Executive Commitdeo, to represent the people, with power to employ counsel, and present the facts properly to the gentlemen from Albany. R —— RECONSTRUCTION SSON FROM TEXAS. Texas is the last State in which Mr. Johnson declared the Rebellion ended, and, in doing so, he did not fail to compliment the new reign of good fecling, order, generosity to the freedmen, and devotion to the Union therein existing. Outside of bLis proclamation these things bave never been heard of, and probably no one was more surprised at his praise than the people who received it. 1f the present condition of affairs in Texas i3 of peace, war would be pref- erable, One of the first acts of the Legislfture was to abolish the judicial districts in which Union men had been elected judges ; the administra- tion of the law was restored entirely to Rebels Large grants of lands and money were made to Rebel soldiers. The bodies of Rebels were brought from other States for reinferment, and an act passed to remove the bodies of Union soldiors from the State cemetery, Congressional distgicts were created by which counties 50. miles apart were placed in the same dis!ri(;:f. for thy purpose of preventing the election ag‘y 219{\11 to ‘onz:roai who could take the test oath. Inrejecting the (Constitutional Amendment, Mr. Wado moved yesterday in tho Som_\t«_ o4 October 13, the Legislature adopted a report strike out from the Legislative Appropriation [ 0™ a0 3 "the action of Congress to bill the clause giving the printing of the pro- ceedings of the XLth Congress to The Daily Globe. The debate which followed disposed of the absnrd pretense that Congross is bound to give The Globe two years notice befors chang- ing its printer. Stealing should be stoppnd‘nt once. The Covernment printing-offico itis known that $60,000 can be ssved by dis- missing Zhe Globe, Congress has no excuse for renewing the extravagant bargain. Mr. Wade's amendment was rejected, but upon reconuder- ation adopted by a vote of 24 to 14. The attitude of the people of Servia has be- come so threatening that the fow Turkish foani- lies which reside in the country deem it best to floe. While thas,in the North of European Turkey, the outhreak of a revolution is becoming more and more certain, the Government of Greece has replied to the late Turkish note by a very warlike declaration. They officially state, in a note to Foreign Powers, that a crisis is at haud, and that they deem it proper to propose an increase of the army and navy. The declaration not only shows that Greece is preparing for war, but makes it also highly probable that she has assurances from Russia that no intervention by any European Power in behalf of the Turks will ‘be permitted. Tho Reconstruction bill was again debated in ating Mr. Rogers's threats of war should it be passed, and prodicting - that the people would hurl its advocales from power, &e.— all of which, we suppose, is to happen in minety days. Of the quasi Republicans, Mr. Raymond led the opposition to the Dill, conceding that there was “ a lingering of rebel- “lious temper in the South,” but questioning whether the lingering justified the b arguments of Mr. Thayer and Mr. § answered this question fully, and we espe: approve Mr. Shellabarger'’s demand that the Bill should be followed by other measures (o ea- tablish eivil Goveraments based upon loyal suf- frage. . The reasons which Mr, Peabody gives for his Jast great act of philanthropy are worthy of his benevolent mind. He provides a fund for edu- cation among the young of the more desti- tute portions of the South-West, of which fund such men as Robert €. Winthrop, Hamilton KFish, Wm. M, Evarts, and Gen. Grant are I appointed Trustees. No invidions par- tiality impairs thg value of this munificence. Mr. Peabody declares his purpose that “the ben- “efits intended shall be distributed among the “entire population without other distinction th “their neads.”. This will not please all of thos whom Mr. Peabody rightly and nobly intends to benefit, but it gives a universality to his goodness of which his native wnd may well feel proud. 1! very of Senate yesterday Mr, Trum! ted to the constant | aise sala hope, follow that objection with v the salari Judges were increased, and the resolutio ing 20 per cent extva pay to the ¢ Washington is to be considered by t vi which will be a good oc nds of economy to protest against te of the public money. Congiess enchment Committee, but what ex- are retrenched ! Nearly e day some is offered to help drain the Treasury, and actice further tacles, doc- conte +y, Now-Tork. “Cartes Vign Al 4:5' OCKINGS, SUSPENSORY ansn & Co's Radical Cure Truse saiy ik ot saisples of botls REMOVAL % TARRISON Borirn. THE SAPEST AND BEST BOILER IN Tus WoRLD, Fo: Clreatara, appiy to J. TJ»;'. Adeut, No. 119 Brosdway, ox BoiLxr Wor Lo the Kditor of The 8. ¥. Tritwne, 8m:: Certain erroneous statements having been 2eade Lo respect Lo the steumskip Atlantic, her owners dosire to sayj: 1. The Atlantie asboro in the Lower Bay by the mismanagement of Efl?‘fit‘o}l Iust evening withont damage, and pro- hor wharf at the houvadvertised, was Neither the States Marshal nor an, mmmuhlny aginet the Attantic, m 5O against Lier or her owners, The Marshal did heve an cn-uon':fnlm the property of the 1Aoya, ich Company has uo interest in the Atlantic, and a@id unexpectedly and unlawfully scok hor y morning. He wmight, with as much v, have selzed upon any r ahip. It was a . 1 - I pass, wholly without warrs > 313D Was nelther brought back, nor Irud_any one t, nor did auy oue even attempt (o bring her back. 'y of & eutter having been sent for her is wlnu‘:’l) | tions. Phio ships of the line will safl punctoally * adver- vent what the people most need—reduction of taxation and liquidation of the debt. We are grateful for every voice heard on the side of economy. The Legislative Committee, in receiving tes- timony in regard to the Ferries, yosterday did what should have been done at first, aud re- qnired statements to be supported by oath. In Justice to the Ferry Companies, any state- ments by which they are judged should be sworn to, and in justice to the public the fullest emphasis should be given to the com- plaints of citizens. The report which the Com- mittee will make to the Legislature should rest upon l:‘qcls which cannot be disputed, and these are hardly to be fouud in a series of opinions and complaints. Yes- terday the Hoboken Ferry received the chief attention of the Committeo; and though we are satisfied that the testimony taken does not half show the mismanagement of that Ferry, it is sufficient Yo convince the Commit- tee of the importance of making an investiga- tion which sbhall De systematic and thorough. Beveral witnesses testified to the inconvenience of the forry-houses and boats, the want of proper accommodation * and protection, and of the the carelessness persons e~ ployed. The indilference of Mr. Ste- vens to the are of the public 'a!m appeared in the evidenco. These are very intéresting facts, but we suppose the Commit- tee does not intend fo base its report on these alone. It will not do its duty nnless it requires a sworn statement from each of the companics, | makes porsonal and complete examination of 154AC TAYLOR, Prosident, Office New-York and Bremon Stoamsl . 40 Broad way, New-York, Fe! 1867, —_— .- 8. Astor fecontly gave g, for the beueiit of B Jaigr Ll of bt U2 vaalle Lundes, | OVEr d the boats, with the aid of engineers and build ers, and—as if the voluntary testimony of citi- zens had W«.‘q qulively Wjiiniald-=iny 7 briiidn of tho subject C Al oo 96 uidongs g g s Lot ning ta bo “a nefarious conspiracy,” “crafty and “iniquitous legislation,” * degrading and “malignant.” Labor laws were framed, which practically reduced the freedmen to Slavery, and were found so monstrous that the Freed- men's Burean refused to admit their au- thority. In brief, the Legislature of Texas, should do the Government printing, and when amimated by the old spirit of Slavery and Rebellion, did nothing for loyalty and order, but directly- encourd od that reign of violence which f?fiw‘f duiving ____';fv“‘ men from the State and making the neg serfs. The United States military force in Texas is small, and outside of its immediate protcction Union men and freedmen are at the mercy of Rebels. Hundregs of cases of outrage have been published recently; of these we will quote a few furnished by unguestionable authority. In the Spring of 1866 a #on of Jonathan Lind- ley was murdered in Bell County his murder- ers were arrested by the military, and in attempting to eseape two of them wers killed, it is said by Major Carpenter, com- maading the troops, and Mr Lindley. In November, Lindley was arrested for murder and placed in il. Throngh his counsel he applied to Gen. Heintzelman for protection, affirming that his life was in danger because of his Union principles. Gen. Heintzelman laid the facts before Gov. Throck- morton, who replied, Nov. 17: “I apprehend “that Mr. Lindley is in no danger from rash “violence in Bell County. T shall wiite to “(he authorities of that ceunty on the sub- “ject, and imp the necessity of a strict “compliance ith §the law, and the confi- “dence ospressed by dMajor-Gen. Heintzelman “in their regard for law.” Solemn assur- ances were given by the awthorities of Bell Connty that Lindley sbould be dealt with justly. Ncar the end ‘of November the troops in the neighborhood wer frontier (o protect the people of Indians, and on the night of December 3, o mob of about thirty entered the jail, murdered old Mr. Lindley, his son, and another inmate of the jail who waa an entire stranger to the Lind Tn this ease, not even the interference of € Tlwockmorton was a protection. It is an in- senl to the < fiom courts the lives of Ugion men; the folly of b lioving that Texas Rebels reapect apy autherity but that”of the bayonet. We believe that for almost every day of the past six months a murder of a Union man or a negro might be cited. But the cases which we quote are sufficient to show the condition of the State. On the 245t of October, W Grayson County, four men rode up to the house of a freedman named Daniel Wheat, arrested him for some prelended offense, and shot him be- fore his own door. The murderers were not arrested. In Sumpter, Trinity County,a freed- man was bumned alive in December, and sevoral killed. In Chambers County, in the swme month, a Union man was beaten by two mop till he was senseless, and his louse robbed. An oider for their arrest was issued, but the atched the warrant from the ¢s, and defied his power. mund Parsons and Mat. Hewlin, two freedmen, were shot in Travis County in December, by white men, apparently from mere wantonness. Their murderers were not wrrested. At Prairie Lea, Dec. 8, a negro was publicly whippt‘*d for calling o young Rebel Thomas, instead of Mas- ter Thomas. On the 15th, at the same place, ¢ bottle of whisky was demanded of a negro, and upon his refusal to give it, he was shot. The murderers were known, but the civil au- thorities refused to arrest them. Prairie Lea is forty miles from any military post, and it is tho common amusement of the Rebels, mounted on horses, to chase the freedmen through the strcom, and shoot at them with revolvers. “Nover,” says a trastworthy corrcspondent of the Freedmen’s Bureau, preseriting tho case of a Union man, “in the days of Slavery, has there “heen known the wrong, the outrage, the op- “pression, that now exists in the north-eastern “connties of Texas toward the poor negroes. “They are now more down-trodden and brufadly “treated than he has ever known them during his “residence here, which has been eover since “1853. They have no rights whatever that are “respected; and he has related to me instances “of eruclty, wrong, and violation of all law “toward them, which would make your heart “bleed. His own frecd negroes have returned “to him and besought him to receive them to his “cave as his slaves, that they might have some *“protection. He says that the lash is now more “cruelly administered than it ever was; that “negroes who have cultivated lands rented “from some of the white men, after growing “fino crops and having them laid by for the “harvest, lave u deprivgd of everything “upon some profest saught by the Lwdlord to “engage in quarrel, which would h»l'lu‘ifin.t.o. l:'n “‘u‘le 08t brgtal punishment of the negro and “lis dismissgl withont a dollar for the labor “lie had bestowed npon the erop. I could not “pretend to attempt a destription of ontrages, “from eold-blooded marde® down; and there “is not an agent of your Burean, or an “officer, to whom these peoplo can appeal “for redress” This deseription corfectly applies. th evory district in Texas of which the United States troops have not con- atigates | bol, lu Harison Connty bands of opganized | vop; Legislaturo intended. This was the opinion 6f | From who dare to bring suits to recover wages due are frequently whipped, and hany of those who at stance ef the croelty of trusting to the eivil | o saf 'tof ;:oérou or“'loyd m tho northern part of Texas we have fes- o : t . Reuter, hoen - timony that the frecdmen are not paid fol'd'h(“f gfi'}.fi B, J‘?fl:‘w::bfe?m It o o X mdsy Iabor; and rémain in actiial slavery. Freedmen Hen Danzlar of political news (han) uter’s Atinl 10 the cloke of the year were paid, were afterward robbed. “Unless protection can be afforded “from the military,” writes a Union man in (aldwell connty, “assassination will soon become “the order of the dag.” Panola County was in November, probably is, controlled by organized robbes, whom the civil authorities dared not attenipt to arrest, Thus the catalogue of erime continues ; but we have said enough. If these wero exceptional cases we should have said nothing, but they are the rule, and though we have fow reports from Texas during the month of January, we bolieve that the number of murders is not diminishing, and the condition of thg State probably growing wosse. Yef, this 1s the State which the President wonlti restore to civil rule, Which he would at once readmit to full power in the Union. A State where emancipation is but a word, Union- ism a degradation, disloyalty a virtue, and murder a privilege above the law. Another United States Army in Texas might keep its Robel soldiers in subjeetion, but nothing will give & permanent security to its loyal popula- tion, and fit it to resume its place in the Union, Dbut sueh a measure for the restoration of pub- lic order as is proposed in the bill of Mr. Stovens now before Congress, If there be any other, what is it? BANKING FINANCL T'he Minois papers find fault with the Mon. J. 8. Morrill's speceh on the finances. What won- der? Mr. Morrill, like every other sound nfan, wants to get back to specie payments. John Wentworth rears his tall form alongside of Mr. Mordll. But we do not kuow if there is anotlicr Illinois statesman who is not in favor of an eternal suspension of specie payments. Judging from the condition of the banks of that State, we should think they might be. . The condition of these Illinois banks is mibiu‘«l in the following table. Behpl«l the slongh jo which they wallow, We omit frac- ¢ Lllinois Banks, ...... 511,000,000 o uup'a:r - Table Shawing the Condition of th Qct. 1, 1806 Capital Stock. Loans. 17,000,000 Loans on Gov L 18,000,000— 20,000,000 Cireulation .- . 9,400,000 Deposits. . 18,000,000 Legal Tenders 5,800,000 Specie. & 103,000 banking system for you! A lot of banks lending thirty millions on eleven mil- lions of eapital, and owing twenty-seven mil- lions ou demand, with a reserve of one hundred thousand dellays in specie! To be sure, they have near sit millions of Uncle Sum's promise to pay, on which to base their twenty-seven millions of indebtedness, and we do not aim to belittle this species of security. They are as good as anybody’s’ promises (o pay can be, who don’t pay. But our excellent Uncle is just now in a state of insolvency on his demand notes, He docs not even give his note for them drawing i - est. So that baking on his promises issuing one promise to be redeemed er. It is just as well in dealing with th tion to atedp 1t of all disguises, and tell tho plain truth, Our National banking system is a rotten system, and the longer it stands on the basis of irredeemable paper the more rotten it will become. But it was not this point that we were driving —There is ques- at. It is that the Minois banks have a loan of 30,000,600, based on 11,000,000 of capital, and owe 000,000 on demand, and have in their vaults £103,000 in specie. tender reserves from their 0,000 of inde edness and the case is simplified still fortl They then owe ove 000,000 on demand, ox have £100,000 to pay with, Is it to be woudered at that the spokesmen of such a banking system as this should resist resuiption? 1t is nothing but a species of the “ wild-cat ™ banking with which the Wes familiar., We say , we do not wi undewstood as tradueing the character of our common Unele, or diserediting his promises to pay. We only say they are nothing but promises, and are, therefore, while very good for some purposes, a totally unfit basis for Deduct their le 1867, ;“'T."‘ @: (g Tudio!ary Committoe of the House of Representativos is examining tg.a_ xr\‘n",lll;tfa‘ (’0:: s:l;.im n:o N ohment of President dobnST- (TN g vl Y etore deen hether Telograph agent 1 America never composed & message.” [r——— THE DEATH PENALTY. The countrymen of Beccaria have carried to their legitimate conclusion the principles of that remarkable philosopher, and capital pun- ishment is to-day abolished in Italy. This happens at a time when the most advanced-and liberal of our own State Governments ecan rardly be appealed to-with success for a com- mutation of the death republican Massachusetts the gallows still bears its horrible fruit, monarchal Italy is so far enlightened by the iliberty she possesses as to sentence. While in have cut away with the 4x of a [pioneer that tough old relic of barbarism. Her suffering expevience of the policy of public murder tanght her the justico of the act. Her history for many decades was & compendious torture—the gibbet set up in the shadow of the -church doing a bad business in the making of martyrs or criminals. Italy, like France, has had op- portunity in her day to examine for herself overy variety of capital. punishment. Every part of Europe has had a full share of the dis- mal record, dating back to days when execu- tions were thick as leaves in Vallombrosa; when Sir Edward Coke wrote—“What a la- “ mentable thing it is to see so many Christian “men and women strangled on that cursed tree “of the gallows!” After so many centuries of murderous legislation, of one kind or another— the death penalty having been assigned to every crime, from larceny fip to murder—Europe is realizing not too soon that killing by law is pot the vindication of justice, but a violence upon its first principles. Italy has abolished the death penalty, and it is probable that Belgium is about to do the same. Thus, the poliey of Europe is tending toward humanity; for the obvious reason that humanity is economy, that it pays best and costs least. European sentiment is so far advancing that a detail of the progress of the anti-killing movement will surprise some of our native 4 f hannine Tnasane patrons and conser ‘vm‘pflc:‘l' il f el L mfluenced by the wisdom of the Marqus e cavia, abolished the punistment of death, ex- perimentally, in 1765, After twenty-one yeais trial of the reformed penmal code, the Grand Duke Leopold, in 1786, deereed its perpetuity, averring that “instead of inereasing “the number of crimes, it had considerably “diminished that of she smaller ones and “rendered those of an atrocious nature very “rare.”” “The mildness of the penal legisla- “tion,” reports M. Berenger to the French Depnties in 1859, “had so far improved the “character of the Tuscans, that there was a “timo when the prisons of the Cirand Duchy “wero nearly empty.” This noble example has no doubt been effectual in the slow but evident gravitation of Europé toward reform. In France, in the last fonr years of which the statistics fre accessible, little mote than one- half of 94 death condemnations were carvied into effect. Out of 127 sen- tences for mweder in Prussia, from 1838 to 1362, thers were but thirtegn per- sons execnted. In Anstria, dnring ted years ending with 1884, ninety-five per cent of death sentences were commuted. From 15830 to 1868, the whole number of death sentences pro- nounced in Belgiwm was 819, of which only fifty-3even were inflisted, or less than two for every year. In Portugal the last execution oc- enrred in 1345 ; in a large part of Sitzerland there have been no exeentiens for thirty-five years; in Denmark, Sweden, and Holland, the commutations have been ninety per cent or more, England, with the most eruel of criminal codes, condemued annually to death in the ten years ending with 1852, nearly 1,230 persons, out of which number the annual average of sentences carried into effect was not more than 59, But in the decade ending with 1362, the anuual number of condemnations fell to 60, of which about 11 were executed, so that even England, bratal and remorseless as her penal system has been, and still exhibiting the horrible spectacles of publio executions, prepares to array herself on the side of Huma and common sense. We cannot assure ourselves that even in this {ree and hnmane Republic the record of the death penalty is quite so credit- as these statistics of the “ tyrannous sys- | sound b king. And, while these Dby promises are held up as the perfeetion o curity, and the ackoowledgment of t faet almost made a test of a man's patriotism, the Danks presume on that state of insolvency, and declars that they have a perfect right to be jadged by the rule applied to the Government, And, if anybody decries their condition, they anawer, “The Government’s broken promise “ia good; 80 is our broken promise. We are 1g onr credit; but so has Uncle Sam “stretched his. You recommend spocie pay- “ments. See how we sail on the sea of paper “money! Wlat do we want of specie pay- “monts? (Can we pay twenty millions with a “hundred thousand dollars, which is all the “money we happen to have by us? Just go “your way, and leave us to our ‘wild-cat’ “banking. All this is very natural. And wherever and whenever banks have twenty millions to p and only $100,000 to pay wkh, we may exp resistance to the reswmption of spegio - ments. Such bavking is filling the pockets of bank stockholders, by paying them 12, 15, and 24 per cent per annum—a profit which comes out of the earnings of industry, and in its ex- cess is just 5o much fleeced from the pockets of the people, Some time ago we learned that an American Colloge was soon to be established in Pukin, To-day we have a Cable dispatch stating that arrangements have been made for the estah- lishment of a European Collego. Possibly the two accounts refer to the same inatitution. At all events, the erccton of a Furopean or American College will ba one of the many signs that inspire hope for the regeneration of the vast Asiatic Empire. The. London Spectator of Jan. 12 has the fol- lowing exposé of the manner in which Europe is systematically mystified and misled by stock- gambling dispatehos: “ Mr. Routor's agont (n America is a goose. undons what he ought {0 do, and does w 0 do; aud what he doas do, ho does un ligihi The Timed’ vorrespondent’s Washington telegiam hentioned © wanreoel vod here in time for Tuesday's insue, mu} ‘a8, o Aoubt, dispatchiod on M ay, the 7th January. On Ui divy, i !ol‘::\r had 5o political talograny from Anderich =* al Ofi y;ueflh\f lie reported uuder 72, Mon Youk, J dny) what was ev a blundering forn of s Wasl#ugton now £ i resolution i Prest f} gon 1 dllT'l&in!fiMurfllln e Tlouso of Ttep Uves. Now, thd resolution sid not impeach t , but only np\mlmm o committen to investig unds on which he might I rhaps ho e hut earried on (h ol 2 G ted s g Hoto' of ution for the dently t rlllll:q: e3 170 Auys beforg: but oven agont did not give the diviaih, nor did thin explaatory [ i My leaves ey mllghl not date, ‘New-You dently e impeaching L) idant’s robbers plunder whites and biacks and iy ;“»‘:::lifi;sa wl:t&gnn::-‘n sos g g : il N atont lk-r utygven giher sous i Wiy diatuict | Vi B Rl hesarn, bk Saslialyy of e “toms” of Europe. In Massachnsetts, for twenty years, up to 1865, says Governor Andrew, ¥ the “gocord discloses only 40 execations out of 28 “eouvictions, leaving 13 commutations.,” But Mussactinsetts, with her tendenocies to enlighten- ment on the subject of capital punishment, t stand in this respect for the country. If in each State of the Union there have been two executions in the course of the year, our portion of responsibility for the tyking of human life wounld scem to be as great as that of France or England, or in shamefyl excess, if we ge ourselves by the standardl of that superior enlightenment and freedom we c¢laim t0 possess, The copumutation of the death penalty has long been the subject of eloquent argument and appeal by the best men of every country. With r ahility, Robert Rantoul pleaded for i r3 ago, before the Legislature of Mwssa- s did Mr. Livingston before that of and in this State, in 1841, Mr. Jno. L. O'Sullivan, in a paper remarkable for its logic and research, wged it upon the Legislature. It is well remembered bow certain ministers of the Gospel, fired with a pious zeal for the cruelty of the old Jewish dispensation, and determined to employ the Bible to Keep mankind in a state of religious destroctiveness, opposed the able effort of O'Sullivan and other men on the side of reform and progress. They made the Bible a buttress for capital punishment, and, in the words of Dr. Lebbens Armstrong, declared that *the “commulation of the murderer’s senteace was “yirtnally a rvepeal of the Divine law.,” In other words, to quote the sam® extravagant pamphleteer, “It a man may legislate into “oblivion one of God's lgws begcause it is ad, then all Divine laws hnd péale may be abolished for the same “reason.” The education of these carnest gon- tlemen did not allow them to refloct profoundly on the full scope and meaning of the command- ment, “ Thou shalt not kill,” Had they done so, they would not, with diving and human nature to assist their interprotation, and with the l‘fi\'ultin$ spectacle of tho gallows in view, have rendeted it, absurdly, “Thou shalt not “ murder, hut shalt kill him who has murdered.” Happily, the growth of nature in the bosoms of the most levitical of elergymen has effeeted n change in some too nartow views of Scri- tare and of men, and the present sentiment on the subject of capital punislunent (witness the amnesty Sxiénded to thy South) is mueh advanced. A s~ » At all ovents, the death penalty, here and in Europe, gives forewarning of a snre though slow decenso. Its commutation and abolition are proofs in vavions degrees that mankind is as the aggregate of society does less and less cvil by example, so individual crimes must diminish. “Every punishment,” says Montes- ‘ quien, “that does not from absolute nocos- “sity is tyrannical;” and it bas been proved of lafe Mmost mobiy py iue cxamplo of Ttaly that hanging is thus unnecessary. “To sacrifico a “man in henor of an abstract principls of “ gafety,” says the Count de Sellon, *is like fol. “Jowing the example of the Indians in offering “gacrifices to the gods. There is nothing but “q brutalizing profanation of our nature in the “Dblow of an ax.” “ What right,” ask& Beccaria, “have men to cut the throats of their fellow- “ creatures ? If it were 80, how shall it “be reconciled with the maxim that a man bas “no right to kill himself?” But we do not in- tend (to argue the injustice of the death peialty. The real wisdom of the world, always just Dechnse it is humane, hay declared equally that the fear of death, so far as such a sentiment exists in the desperado, ‘ case & transportation to other localities; 0 ’ gfi‘y"@ ifl the ‘U'J?_g: ;..:m-!u!.:on to the ‘ swidings for its mommhtio&-ko“msl}l i | eye over the city in January, selects the poinig from which to make his attack upon the pock-\ ets of his victims, and lays out his campaiga for the year. To make a yearly advance upon his prices, aad to uphold such advance by specious pleas, constitute the golden rule by which he is governed. Last year ho told anxious tenant that the population of {\'ea' York was a round million, of which numbes ope-fourth had not where to lay their heads ITence, 25 per cent was added to the RA’IF of rents and forced from l}nwl.l.lm' ing {enants. theory has been disproved by the returns the census-taker, and, instead of i, wo aw told that “the 1,670 buildings commencod “ywithin our city limits in 1866 were not is no preventive of murder, and that society can only be justified in imitating the murderer “sufficient to contain the increase of popu- “lation. Therefore, wo are reluctantly come when it can do no better. It need not be said that in a counfry like onr own we can wmake much better use of those who offend the law than by hanging them, and do less violence and shame to our own natares by becoming something else than the executioners. Let ug heed the good example of Italy, now one atap Wk w i D THE QUESTION OF RENTS. February i3 a trying month for unseftled tenants in this city, the owners of houses and the possessors of unexpired leases being fortu- nately free from the house-letting and house- Twunting ills that other New-Yorkers are heic to. The custem prevails here of deciding in February whether we shall move in May ; and, if so, where we will go, and how much wewill pay. sAccording to the chronology of tie Met; ropolitan landloxd, the business world standd still during these three months, Ho per. mits himself to foresce ng Tise “or fall of gold; no fluctuations in the price of labor or 6F bread; no change in the | pelled,” ete., ete. o Now, jsthere any syfficient reason for an ady vanee in r%'hm in 1665} 10 B Grag ha s 190 there weré but 1,670 buildings begun; but that wys an increase of more than 33 per ceal o the number begun in 1865, while #6 ono wi claim that the inerease in population was nearly 50 great, Of first-class dwelling houses thery were 400 in 1865; ohly 308 in 1865, In tenement houses (the moést accommodating in point of numbers in proportion tospice occupied) the in erease was nearly 100 per cent, therg having 814 in 1866 against 161 in the previons yeat! Deducting then 1,670 new buildings bah gun last yeat, tho stores, factories, chniches,” stablea, and other uninhabited buildings, thcre were 1,219 dwelling-houses remaining. By the” census of 1885, thero were in the city 40,34 inhabited buildings, which, the population be- ing 726,396, sheltered an average of 14.77 per- sond cach. The same average for the 1,219 new dwellings of last year wiil allow an ia- creaso of population of 17,080 without ang greater erowding than before. The average yearly increase of population from 1855 to 1365 was only 0,648, while in but one decade—{rom 1845 to 1855—for the last forty years, has the average yearly inerpaso equaled that for which' provision was made by the new buildings of last year. The increase in dwellings has tiere- fore been amply sufficient to accommodate the nataral inerease of population, and this do- monstration refutes the strongest argument of the landlords. In Brooklyn the increase in building has been proportionately much greater-than in this - city, there ‘having been about 500 more builde ings bogan there in 1868 than in New-York. - In addition to this cause for reduced rents, the vesations and protracted delays attending travel between the two cities has considerably damaged Brooklyn real estate interests. There should be, therefore, a decline in the prices of houses and leases. The difficulties attending travel betwoen the extremities of the island of New-York have been a great ally of extor- tionate landlords. Inasmuch as the Legislatare will undoubtedly grant authority for eno of more of the projected plans for rapid transe portation by steam power from the Battery to Harlem River, the unoecupied lands of the Twelfth Ward and of Westchester County will Do brought into active competition with the lower locations heretofore especially favored, and the pressure upon the latter will be core respondingly lessened. An opinion is advanced by some of the real estate owners and agents that the discassion of the eight-hour system will discourage building during the period of its uncertainty (builders not caring to contract until they know whethet they are to have eight or ten hours work from their workmen), aud that if the Eight-Hour law should pass, the cost of construetion would | be so increased as to prevent the building neces sary for public accommodation. But, on the other hand, should the laborer or the mechanio have two hours per day more to himsel, he could the more easily live in suburban towns than when he must be at his shop from 7a. m.to 6p.w, gqpce many of those who now crowd onf el n‘-flou.u would then gladly traverss the longer distance to their homes, for the sake of the purer air and greater freedom of the country. These observations are made with especial reference to dwelling-houses and rents. But, of stores and s re woro 148 erocted in 1866; but 54 in and 21 more fac- o - portion D or iy s Be o T 0 lower our cl ng covel ith 1se- :hem of the gwm the .&n‘" “e'ml best show. . It is to be e that the ery of in- creased rents will be echoed Dby every persom | who has houses to rent, or whose commissions | as agents swell or diminish_according to the viso in rents, That there will nlso bo many tenants who will comply with the Februan demands for higher rent is to be presumed. But if tenants mm:r-ll¥ decline to pay the ad- vance required, and during the *two months of probation seck such arrangements, in city or country, as will conform to their judgment and thelv purses, prices must be decidedly lower on the firsi day of May than they are to-day. Thoy will {ud it pay ol W beina &rewiag better i 4 (L it simely waiomatic that | buxiy.