The New-York Tribune Newspaper, April 12, 1866, Page 2

——— THE PHIL( »nl'll\ OF HERBERT SP FIRST PRINCIPLES. By Frrexnr Spexcea vo. QUE PRINCIFLES OF ¥ xR, There is in human nature a divine aspir name the Spirit of Iuquiry, and which gives origin to Phi- Tosoph *is to bo understood the high- o e of part of whichhe is. Bat if this definition be correct, it is obvious that the philosophy of one age way be a very dif- fercnt thing fr bat of avother. Knowledge is ive, and tho 1 nsight beec with the lapse of time. Plato constructed 8 pmlomphy more than two thousand years ago, and therefore in the in- fancy of positive knowledge. He understood nothing of the heavens above, nor of the earth beneath, nothing of the order of nature, or the laws of tho universe, and conse- quently nothing of his own being in its largest and truest interp: »n. It was therefore, &8 it must have been, & philos ith nature left out, Turning within he opened tho questions which arise in consciousness, and thus founded Met; cs. The mivd was assumed astho measure of nature and the fountain of truth, and it was belioved that by pure meditation—the naked power of thought—man eould solve all the problems of the world. This system prevailed for centuries, and finally exhausted iitself in the empty scholasticism of the middle ages. Modern science took its rise in & complete inversion of the ancient method. It began by observing the facts of tho outward world and cautiously rising tc general princi- plos which might be tested by all. One department of nature after snother has been explored, scienco after sei- ence has arisen, and a vast body of verified and product- fve truth has been called into being. What mighty mean- ings do we now find in such terms as astronomy, gool- ogy, the secasons, climate, heat, electricity, light, mag- netism, the elements, combustion, growth, decay, di- gestion, respiration, circulation, innervation, cerebration, life, foree, law, meanings of which the ancients know ab- solutely nothing. Nor is the modern method without its abbunding and priceless fruits, which stand in glorious contrast with the scanty and worthless resuits of the old procedure. Through science man has subordinated the energies of nature to his uses, has developed her inex- haustible materials, has extended and multiplied the pro- cesses of industry. These are more thau material tri- umphs; theyare supreme attestations that Nature has been questioned aright, that man is coming to a better understanding of his possibilities and position, and the truth is beginning slowly to dawn that his earthly destiny Is nothing less than to acccomplish his own unfolding through the development of the planct which has been given into his charge. Social and political changes, wide snd profound, the subversion of old institutions and the growh of new, indeed nothing less than the reorganiza- tiou of human relations has flowed from this progress of Inquiry into the course of nature and tho laws of man's physical surroundings. But these material and social effects are but the result of new modes of thinking, The new bLeaveus and the new earth are but a new understanding of the universe. Beientific discovery familiarizes men with advanced con- peptions and establishes bettef principles of inquiry. The ppirit of doubt and the demand for evidence are incul® pated as the fandamental canons of valid thinking, while Feason presses her incxorable inquest iuto the objects of pature and the realities of experience, into all questions of human interest and universal moment. But notwithstanding this great intellectnal revolution, this altered direction of the very axis of intelligence, by which all the high questions of human affairs have be, vome readjusted, it is still possible for men to move l‘(IuLd In the old traditional ruts of thought; they can still ig- nore the entire realm of modern kuowledge and busy themselves with the never-ending questions of metaphys- fes. Because such was the scope of philosophy two thou- sand years ago, they assume thatit is sostill. But the mis- take is immense. For while the problem of philosophy remains essentially uuchanged, to unfold andjexplain tho true order of the world, and thus throw a clearer and bet- ter light upon the nature of man, how multiplied are now the factors and how different the possible solution! If philosophy aspires to b the regulator of human thought, It must first become the master of human thought. It must gird itself to the sublimest task that the intellect bas ever yet proposed—to grasp the great principles of pcience in their encyclopedical range—to organize the pomprebensive and solid results of the world's thinking, sud codrdinate the varied and fragmentary truths of re- pearch into one grand organon of principles that shall be a faithful reflex of the verity of things, that shall combine the authenticlty of scicnce with the full Lreadth of na- ture, and becchne s guiding and trusting light to man through the vicissitudes of his carthly expericnce. In the Bin and chaos of sects and partios, in the confusion of Boctrines and conflict of opinions, amid the gropings of Bespondency and the exaltations of hope, we yearn for the voice of nature, for the consolations and encourage- Jments of a philosophy which has the Divine warraut of ‘hecordance with the realities of the universe. It was the aim of ancient philosophy to bring thought into harmony with thought; it is the higher aim of modern philosophy |o bring thought into harmony with things. Probably no maxn has so clearly discerned this exalted }equlrcmen! of the present age as Mr, Herbert Spencer. e published some four or five years 8go a complete out- Jine of a new philosophical system which evinced 8 Yroad and lucid perecption of the intellectual needs snd possibilities of his time, while the parts already accom- plished prove that ko who eould 80 admirably map out the scheme, is also eminently the man to execute it. A loving student of nature from boyhood, fascinated with science, and giving himself to its systematic pursuit, bold and mdtpt-ndun! as & thinker, unincambered with pmvemty traditio: £ & highly philosophical turn of in- Qquiry, master of ntyln of remarkable clearncss and force, and finally of a deeply conscientious nature, and profoundly sympathetio with all heslthful social ameliorations, he @ombines rare accomplishments for the imposing task. Nor were his claims without due recoguition. The suthor »f a work upon social science pronounced by many the Jpost original and suggestive treatise yet produced npon Jhe subject; the author of & work upon Mind, declared by rhaps the best judge in Europe—-Mr. Johu Stuart Mill to be “one of the finest examples we possess of the b ple is adapted to becomo on of a phi ro and of man will be apparent upon a little reflection. Ths only explanation which astronomy can offer of the great facts of the solar s, that it originally existed a8 o diffusced ne! and through the measurable ages has been slowly evolved into ita prescnt state. So, also, with the carth, ology of the planet, and that but & history of its evolution from the primitive molten state, thr ) vast periods, up to its present de- velopment. Again, the most familiar of all facts is that of growth—the evolution of life. Each organism, plant and animal, is unfolded from a minute, structureless gorm, through a suceession of higher and more complex states, up to the condition of maturity., And not only is ev olu- tion tho central and essential fact of individual lifo, but o perusal of the rocky records of geological time shows that thero has been also a mighty progress of the collective life of the globe. Nor is the world of mind an exception to the law. With bodily development there is a mental unfold- ing—an evolution of the psychical powers in correspond- ence with the order of nature. And eo also with the social state; there is an evolution of kuowledge, of religion, of the arts and scicnces, of institutions, manners, govern- ments, and civilization itself. Mr. Spencer may claim the just honor of having worked out tho conditions and the causes of this stupendous law of evolution, and of estab- lishing the universality of its application. There has been much absurd ism of Mr. Spencer's relation to this fundamental principle of his system. THow naturally it grew up in his own mind ‘is shown by the following passage from a pamphlet disclaiming in- debtedness to M. Comte: “ And now lot me point out that which really kas excrted a profound influence on my course of thought. The truth which Harvey's embryo- logical inquiries first dimly indicated, which was more clearly perceived by Wolf and Gocthe, and which was put into definite shape by Von Bacr, the truth that all or- ganic development is a change from a state of homo- geneity to o stato of heterogencity~ this it is from which very many of the conclusions which I now hold indirectly resulted. In Socinl Statics there is everywhere mani- fested a dominant belief in the evolution of man and of There is also manifested the belief that this evolution is in both cases determiaed by the incidence of conditions—the actions of circumstances. And there is further a recognition of the fact that orgavic and social evolutions conform to the same law, Falling amid beliefs in ovolutions of various order verywhere determined by natural causes, the Formula of Von Baer acted as an organizing principle. The extension of it to other kinds of phenomena than those of individual and social organi- zation, is traceable through successivo stages. (Refer onees are here made to Lis various writings.) Afterward there came recognition of the need for farther limitation pext, the inquiry into those general laws of force from which this universal transfonmation neces- sarily results; next, the deduction of these from the ulti- mate law of the persistence of force; next, the perception tliat there is overywhere a process of Dissolution compli- mentary to that of Evolution, and finally, the determina- tion of the conditions under which evolution and dissolu- tion respectively occur. The filistion of these results is, 1 think, tolerably manifest. The process has been one of continuous development, set up by the addition of Von Bacr's law to a number of ideas in harmony with it.” The larger portion of First Principles is devoted to the working out of this great principle and its firm establish- ment as tho foundation of the subsequent philosophical superstructure. That a work like this, produced from an entirely new point of view, and, therefors, in but elight accordance with previous systems, should bo at once ac- cepted is, of course, not to be expected; it is enough that adverse crities accord to it a high place emong the contri- butions to original and advancing thought. Dr. McCosh, for example,in his ¢ Intuitions of Mind,” while contesting some of the doctrines, and questioning whethertheattein- ment of so vast a scheme is not heyond the present possi- Vility of science, observes of * First Principlas,”that i bold generalizations are always suggestive, and some of them may in the end be established as the profoundest laws of the knowable universe.” Having unfolded bis general method in “ First Prinei- of 1 chological method in itsfull power,” and theauthoralso ‘of various essays upon & wide range of topics, which, in their anonymous publication, had arrested the marked at- $entlon of thoughtful men, Mr, Spencer was publicly and thoroughly justified in entering upon his grost under- saking. The fundsmental question in @ work of this kind is, of gourse, that of method. What is the all-intepreting con- eeption that is to give unity to the scheme? More and gmore is the conviction deepening that nothing in nature s to.be understood by itself, but only in relation to other ports, and to the whole. The ties of interdepondence are elose and universal; the understanding of one thing $hrows light upon others, end the mastery of each helps o the comprehension of all. This truth has found ex- pression in such works asMrs. Somerville's “Connexion of the Physical Sciences;” Humboldt's “Cosmos,” and the #Positive Philosophy” of M. Cormte, which is an attempt 2o afliate the great branches of knowledge in their natural or of development. This leading tendency of modern t—and which is at once the proof and the measure scientific sdvancement—is embodied by Mr. Spencer in systom with more completencss than by any other Jhinker, For while the ““Cosmos” of Humboldt is limited o the strictly physical sciences and ignores mind and so- eiety, and while Comte in his hierarchy denios s place to chology, which is not only iteelf & fundamental sclence, ;'thhnu “all the others, Mr. Spencer has worked out This scheme in the full bresdth and proportions of the phe- pomena involved. Its exposition 1§ to embraoce eight or on volumes, occupying several years in its development. The “First Principles,” unfolds the general Baethod to be pursued; then comes & treatise on the laws Bt life, ontitted the “Principles of Biology,”and this is to hhl!fldlylvaltuuwndmmm of Psychology.” These inquiries, which are bupunum..umwdm and Lis true rela- $ions to natare, will prepare for the comprebensive study the great subject of human relations—the science of or the “Principles of Soclology.” The principle which Mr. Spencer finds to be & universal w of natare and therefore makes the basis of his Phi- phy is that of Evolution. Itis this conception which \pans the universe aud solves the widest range of its prob- which reaches outward through boundless spaco, pnd beckward through illimitable time, resolving the questions of Life, mind, soclety, history, sud civ- mflfld grodiots the gloriows possibilition of thie Ples” (which has been beforo the public a year or two), Mr. Spencer passes on to his main work, giving us the first in- stallment in the Principles of Biclogy, Vol. I of which is just published, It may not be superfluous to remark that Biology is the science which treats of life in its most com- prebensive aspeets. The opinion prevailing among many that, as life is an inscruteble mystery, nothing positive or important ean be known concerning it is mischievously erroneous. The laws of life may be understood and it is NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, THURSDAY, APRIL 12, 1866. matter of which living beings are chiefly composed, and presents the latest results of scicnce in the fleld of Orgsme Chemistry and Organio Physics. Afier treating tho general naturo of organic matter, the ections of forces upon it,and the reactions of erganic matter on foret , M Spencer enters upon the profound question of the nature of life, of which he sims to work out 8 more definite and comprehensive conception than hashitherto been attained. The range of discussion in Part IL—the Inductions of Biology—will be indieated by tho t They are L, Growth: IL, Development: Wasto and Repair: V., Adaptation ality: VIL, Genesis: VIIL, Heredity X X., Genesis, Heredity and Variation: XL, XIL, Distribution. Mr. Spencer opens the third par Evolution of Life, with a discussion of the relativ of the Special Creation Hypothesis, and of the Evolution Hypothesis, Tio accepts the latter and presents in & very clear and forcible manner the various aruments in its favor, from embryology, morphology, distribution and classification. There has been 1o end to denunciation of the Development Hypothesis s o pieco of grude absurd- ity, scientifically worshloss and morally pernicious; but this is hardly the truo method of scttling ithe question. Let thoso who Lave hitherto appealed to p!(‘jlll]lco and dealt in invective, lay their passion asido and give the public a straightforward and logical answer to Mr. Spen- cor's arguments. The interests of truth will be thereby promoted. Wo have attempted to show as fully as is possiblo with- in the spaco at our command, that this philosophy is not piece of aimless and barren speculation. Nothing ean bo of this character which affords a deeper clue to the work- ings of nature and thus gives a higher understanding of the method of the Supreme Cause. But the nobleness of Spencer's Philosophy is best discerned in tho conscions convergence of all its lines of inquiry to the great end of human beneficence, In this it differs profoundly from all preceding systems, Its ultimste bearing is upon human well-being, and it is the lofty inspiration of his purpose which commands our chiefest admiration. A philosophy grounded in the positive knowledge which enforees uni- versal assent—which starts with data that all men can coufirm, and advances from this point to the consideration of the most momentous subjects of human interest— education, art, ethics, government, and social institutions, standa in maje ntrast to the narrowness and inade- quacy of preceding systews. If the very name of philosopliy has fullen into contempt from thoe emptiness of its results, wo must not forget the disadvantages under which its cultivators have labored in the past periods of imperfoct knowledge, and we should gladly welcome the promise of its elevation to a higher place 10 the respect and reverence of mankind. It has been happily said that ** Herbert Spencer is the greatest of Englishmen, becauso he is so little of an Englishman.” He belongs to the world of thought rathor than to Lis nationality; to civilization rather than to Britain. When estimated according to his principles, sympathies, and aspirations, he is more of an American than a European. e lives in a country’ which clings to the past aud fears the futuro—which worships preccdents and dreads principles. Abundant reason has such s country to “ beware when God lets loose a thinker” upon its soil, and in this caso it is true to the instinets of tho situation. Mr. Spencer has been systematically fgnored by thoe leaders of opinion in hiscountry; and while his writings have bad & powerful influence upon the thinking few, tho English public have given Lim the full benefit of the ** conspiracy of silence,” Iustead of meeting with the reward to which the scope of his genius and the value of bis labors justly entitles him, ho has been left to publish his works at his own expense, and in this way has lost thousands of dollars. This policy he cannot afford to continue, and, accord- ingly, his American readers have been lately stariled by the announcement of the discontinuance of his system of phiilosophy for lack of support. That Mr. Spencer should be compelled to abandon his great und z for a ca of this kind is discreditable to Lis country, and if England can afford it, America cannot. It would be a disgrace to tho age, and must on no account bo permitted. 1f we are yet behind Europe in the produetion of great | philosophic thiukers, we are & long way in advance of her in their general appreciat they establish to the p not want enough of 8 poy the expenses of edition after edition ha have many thousaud copies boen sold, bt the work has exerted a powerful influcnice upon edueational manage- ment in families and schiools. And while the growth of | enlightened opinion sud bumane feoling among ourselves brought on a conflict of ileas h resulted in 8 mighty the volume on the laims been ¢ the knowledge of these which give rise to biological science. And not only may we understand them, but they are of transcendent moment; in the whole range of sub- jects accessible to reason none Lave such urgent end im- minent claims as those which deal with the laws and con- ditions of life. ‘When we are informed that in the careful breeding of eattle at least 96 per cent, and of horses 95 per cent, come to maturity even in our rugged climate, while of the race of man no less than 35 per cent perish in infancy and youth, and of the least favored classes full 50 per cent die before they are soven years old, the subject is found to have appalling attractions for all who caro sught for the welfare of humanity. Nor does this fearful and wanton waste of life by any means exhaust the gloomy interest of the subject. From the multitudes that are thus swept into unripe graves we turn to the living and meet the ghastly question of the guality of life in the multitudes that remain, Tracing this premature mortality to its causcs, we find that they act in varying degrees and pro- duce & wide diversity of effects. Physical and mental con- ditions stamp themselves upon the living organism. Bad diet, imperfect clothing, foul air, impure water, over- exhausting labor, mental disconragement, evil associa- tions, vicio: hits and @ host of morbific egencics are doing their fatal work upon large classes of socicty. But while thousands perish, the stream of life itself is pois- oned, 6o that theso destructive agencies aro seen, not only in untimely death, but in a discased and debilita ated stock, which imparts its own imperfections to its progeny, and thus curses unborn generatio Organie imperfections, constitutional weakness, bodily and mental maladics, and even tendencies to crime,are transmissible from parentsto offspring. The laws of hereditary descent, which carry down likenesses of form and feature sud bodily peculiar from generation to generation, carry also bodily and clash of the elements of barbarism and ilization, snd while England was jeering ut the mortal struggle asa carnival of brutality—t} aud bloody sequel of the iblished some seven- for great democratic experiment—we teen thousand copies of the varions wos f this profound writer, and accorded to him the full peeuniary rights of an American suthor. His thinking has thus taken o decp bold of the American mind, and we eannot certainly let him stop work now, for our interest in indopendent thought and the progress of institutions is more est than ever since tho war. It is hardly possible that hi eral countrymen will suffer the discontinuance of Mr. cer's Philosophy; but if England chooses to neglect kim, America will vindicate the liberality of the age, and seo to it that Le is put beyond embarrussmont in the further execution of his great philosoplic plan. - lib- Books Received. Wonlip w, By W.T. Wyle tvo. pp. 2. The M By Willisn North. 12, pp. 477, T.B. Wor FPeterson & Brothers A8 X for Girls. 1200, » batant. By Geo A . Roberts Brothers. 1 Townsend. 120, Sweet Counsel. Campuigne of AN peignest Al Ann;x W Capital. By J. Poetry of the War. 14 Orant White. 12mo. pp. s Auerican News Compay. Les Tramail Far Vietor Hugo. ©vo. pp. 184, F. W, The Tollors of the Se By Victor Hugo. Svo. pp. 155, Harper & Brothers The Advepsares af e . By James Greeawood. Bvo. pp. M8, The Same. Certoe. A Tale of the Latt Centory, 0. J. Whyte Meliville. i2mo. pp. 481, J. . Life of Emanael White. With an Intro- duction, B; 72, Tho Bawe. Honoe Mu ey Moo Stary. By leury Kingaley. 12 ik ey Hote Sioey. By lioary Kinguley, 12me. . 100, The Same. ” Aeigdaarginn R T A T T W T L T T I\m Dnbllmllom mental debility, taints of blood, predisposition to scrofuls and insanity, morbid appetites, feeble self-coutrol, and dominance of the lower propensities. The human problem is thus decpened. The imperfec- tions of man and the consequent evils of society are very fur from being accounted for by present external condi- tions. The living organism is what it is through the co- operation of two great fuctora—the influcnces it receives from the universe, and the influences it inherits from an- cestral organisms. The subject is thercfore doubly con- trollable; tho outward conditions mey bo altered, while the human stock, like that of the lower animals, may be improved. The life thrown away muy be saved, deterio- rated organization may be reinvigorated; but this can only be done through knowledge. Bociety must compre- hend something of the laws aud conditions oflife. Nor will o pious fatalism, with its theological soporifies, in- scrutable dispensations, mysterious ways of Providen and the like, avail forever to palliate and perpetuate tl general ignorance upon the subject. There are encouraging symptoms that it is begiuning to receive the attention it deserves. The general question, in its public and practi- cal bearings, is treated with admirable ebility by Dr. Howe in his recent * Report of the Board of State Chari- ties of Massachusetts,” 8 document which is an honor alike to its suthor and his State, and which should be scattered broadcast through the land. Mr, Bpencer's ‘‘Principles of Biology" isa systematic and com] [ve treatise upon this subject, in which he ad- dressos himself to it purely a8 & man of science, to unfold the laws of life ss part of the philosopby of nature. The relation of constitution to eonditions, the intercourse and reactions of organisms and environment and that modifi- ability of living beings through descent which is tho key of evolution—this is the axial conception upon which tarns in his system. First Principles’ 'pre, peres for it; the Biology develops it in the field of life; the Psychology will still further unfold it, sud it will be found the all-elucidating ides of tho Bociology. The Principles of Biology is therefore a text-book for thinkers, and will be indispensable to every student of the intellee- tual movement of the age in its bearing upon the progress of society and the nature and destiny of man. The volume is divided into three Parts. PartI. con- siders the Data of Biology: Part IL its Inductions and Part IIL the Evolution of Life. The fist Part is au in* auiry {ato the propertios sud actious of those forms of . LO\H L1 WUI(I\S. ]'l’ "l‘()\( & COMPANY, ‘]0.}1‘ “4)4? uuf‘:um /4l Publish U THE WORKSOI' LO ll) MACAULAY 'E, Uf, Bditod by b Sinter, Lty Trevelyan, With P u.ul’ Fngraved on Stvel, by W 11 Cloh. Pr Half Calf K. 5. and uaiform edition of Ihuulhl right to ln- o Placed onrecord e 8 Jurish Jthe Introdactory Report upon clude some ‘nnlnn of w st Code, in in the Enst. The Papers the Indisn Penal Code. aud the t B [ wnd Notes ot Todiss Fepel G K Quarterly Magazive. Vol. VIII Speechen; Laye of Ancient wud Miscellaneous Poens. & CoLave yut poblished STONEWAL litary Biograply, with s Portrait | and May {" By Jobn Couke,fopuerly of G Stanrts sta. Unl n Iu t llmn Frice, cloth, §3 %0, Lipk. Hy Mei. 'L H. Sigoursey. 1 v, 1o, -m. nuu. i GIN OF THE LATE “wan TRACED vlloM 'l‘(lE BE. 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WIITE AND BLACK CHILDREN IN RICHMOND. s VOID HIGIT TRENTS T 6. THE CLAVERINGS. Part2, Raliway, frow $1,800 (0 $4,00. %, ON BEING SENTIMENTAL. T T 8. THE CARAVAN IN THE DESERT. SALE and to LE! 9. IN THE MONT CENIS TUNNEL R 10 THF. PRESIDENTS SPEECH ON TIE WASHINGTON G2 AT lh:"l"_u“i,&“ R ANSIVERSARY. 1L TUE POLITICAL CRISIS IN AMERICA. 12. ONE SECRET OF AMERICAN BOMBAST. 13. TIGRESSES IN LITERATURE. POETRY: Dr. Whewel; Pharsol's Serpents; The Coutrast; An 0ld Smoker; Helen Gray. lon can be had. The property is sbout 10 miles easy diive; dwellings commodions, end contaln rdens, fruits, grape and green- bouses, and ell out-bulldings; hardly equaled; quantity of land sbost 65 acres. Powessicn at an early dsy. For fusther particulars in- quire of F. C. RICHARDSON, No. 15 Brosdway, or HOMER MORGAN, Ne. 2 Pine (615) aud an early powse: from the city— every wodern eos Qo Let. QPLENDID BANKING-ROOM TO LET, IN THE SPACIOUS BUILDING ‘opposite Exchauge-place ; new! 0. ly fitted up in beated with stesm, and mm.m. all modern eo SESSION IMMEDIATELY, _my HOMER MORGAN, No. 2 Plaest ¢ Fity QTEXN POWER o LET.—A u 0 > I|\VA"R1N..’. Power, to '0{[ ponber of : )Om TEAM POW! umn‘r flou\luholv Inquire of CULRISTIAN e BV in Hmoklvn, 10 minuteg Rye 8 6‘ LLl—.\t Ryo, nished double llujl.'e‘l l:.“;g:d" e Lluhly onl tation, frouting on Lo the rremises. ozder, anile and Ialand Sound; uu.urpused fe schting, &e: Beut $230 per mouth. 1uqu '.“:u o r)rpol. LET.—A fine count about (w0 arres of vo raiiroad. Rent, 1,500, between Prospect and Milton: sbundance of Frait, principally the Grapes; ia wisort healthy locticn. Btabie, exeale RESIDENCE in Mol i ile from Marl idze, ' i 100,000 tule from Harlem Bridze, within two minntes’ walk fully laid out; richly manured Ground, beanth iss mh of xeell "Alom, Tnquire of F. LEYPR, Tertrew -ste., uer aud south of Melrose has oy ue tables no masket coss by ruilso u-nsmq (forsished) st Horttord, Conn: Hougs larga; in fir aarian smpie, and ol Rinds of oholes ralies argo and good; i some 30 roome, with dining and billiard-rooais; delicions water ice-bouse full 75 tuns, stables, good garder-spot. fine pla) mund for chyaren, and Iarge of wates for fishing or boating; the whol the sccomimnodution of ahout 5 -3 i s FORD, Fon ¥ oo, Ldiog 70 PRIVATE FAMILIE: casant COUNTRY uvsmr.m:k BT just erected & larve o of Westchester Connty, the present year—A gont ious” butialog e spper largu parioms, hing adwirsbiy arreny inciading servasts u’é’ - oR' 2 Besnen : 0 be Lere st e o wnd v U et S press trains. Reut pes Suto charcrer ant o rences For furiber pm&culm, p) ..J.. JOSEPH PICKARD, Rotunds Bailding, Croton Aq “Board, City Hall 10 o LE RY B SXDL‘J CE ruto ordery Hil ect Hill commending g y Munite. Possexdon imedia SHORT ARTICLES: English knowledge of America; The Love of Musie. §F" The Living Age will be again enlarged, beg 1t number. Tlis No. is made from Blackwood ine, Fortnightly Review, Argosy, Examiner, Athenzam, Saturdsy Reviow, Economist und .(ll‘} ‘RTY, R 3 . Also Central Park LOTS snd Brook- MBER & STAATS, No. 74 tyn HOUSES, Brosdway, Ro ] LLAWARE Fiuaber, Upland aod Meados ARMS.—Ona Farm of 400 Acres, price $14,000, One of 200 Actes, Speetator. Publisiied by LITTELL, SON & Co., with water p’vv(A»1l!lA| st price 812000 Ove of 130 ders are fo piy to . New-York, l']nl"i‘dx']ml, Harlem Rattrond, the RESIDENCE of David Auderson, esq., with 0 acres of finely mproved land, beantifully situsted, and com- manding a splendid view of tho Sound for 60 miiles. The Louse and are i perfect order; fine sbade . 1£ mot wold by thie 16¢h it will be let, furnished. P. C. BULKLEY, No. 43 Wallat, Junneey € s York, ncar Anburn— formerly the This place art of the LIFE A‘w uu\mv. f:& F\rmtll BAKER. (Pantist h. Western ) d GROUND: Daniel Ke'logg. es "By T. W. A 0. LACORDAIRE'S LETTERS TO YOUNG MEN. #2 50 Allthe vew CATHOLIC BOOKS on hay LAWRENCE KEMOE, Publisher, No. 145 Nan piot of grourd en (of sbout 1 & embreced a the holco vaz oties, | T, d plo nd. sred in ¢ u.m; of ¥ d 3y ¢ mantion {about 41270) has over 20 10 ms ensy. I 10 430 We mo with B H.WE l\[) on Sixteeut o thr ness, ¢l B wiles . 7 lwo Apply t ok i—On the Hudson, about 12 ACRLS, iver, eummanding one of the finest s capable of indefinite i 1% Abll CAVALIERS. A hand- Fuu SAL bandiome ted on th make & voiy ull accommod provement, of wo ose. It — il L ‘(]0‘-\”-“'" —A very delightful PLI:\(F of nx acres, . Valley, Net on the Hudson—eplete with 1 Vol. 12mo, Beveled Cloth. Price, $3. rything evjoyshie st gl Y v doing Dusinems 1h the iy the country. it fe Just f 0 bour's sail from foot of Chria o pporianiy to i N STL, Bood Deck, Castom. 125 Dusne-st. l“()l{ 8. \I h or to LLA\\I-,-—A commodious, conve- desiring bis family to have the benefits 0 A CLASSICAL NOVEL WHICH EVEKY ONE SHOULD READ. Publishied by JOUN BRADBURN, N 49 Walke et DNEELING I‘urmqr“oluln.wlvn-buul i aces of I UL . T ML GRO! D, 1§ miles kers, Pl of fruit sud ex nt *REY WHITE aud BLI ’“"-“.” o s inn pettoctly heaithy, -~ Apply. to" Me. UNDERRILL: AND I near Depot. Yo 1 Covutlensiip: New-York. 1f rented the farnitur wiil b if desired. Fuu SALE ~_brown-stone with all the 1. L OF il rv.mrm ®1. DS, . AL ARD POLITICAL BA HOUSE on 1 (YMFS AND nn\rmn modern iy £over ble neigh. o st very best man remaln on moTtgag asticulars nquise of B. Al u\luun, 0% Beckman st frou 10 0 17 o'clock. Y known as LEWIS situsted on bigh grovnd; fineat views szound New: sery easy of k fro l,‘Uk ifrey . By that A QHT DREAMS, Wai 1o i YICT: ot e, coado snd e { - muuu.v % helihy location. RIDER & FORD, No, cn zn!wn'nn o Colgmbte. Agent for N. . J., Del - 19 A n.nn ot BINDING thice Lundred thousand [" Jn_tue (900,000) Paurpllets yor week, ot the Bindery, X Coutry COTTAGE, fve aeres of Lu ard, Oit-bulidings, Y’ ‘and pomantically sitoated, o) 0 wiles from Depot, ¥or thriber poricutern mqme’.n the Office of L~ Garetta e Nerwalk (Conn.) fical Totate for Galt AIN—A good FARM of 75 acre % Sew York; good b n, at prices to ARMS near_the ve , Fast Now h\l(t' e Depot, N A large ire of SILAS DAV ll(khl HANC PERTY, wit o 90 miles of the luynl{\ew‘ . ml..v 1y old I c Tho fum bas th d fruit in ful 3 t trout pos d m,,\. barns i sheds. weep on the place, 300 of ¢ pontry. and eo %0 fine wooled Yer- ewos i lamb, three ock of wgricultural [2 3 of eugaging in & iPpreftuolo wil do well t6 address W futerviow misy bo hiad, with the pareon to offer it for bortnens which ia peifecily wfe ribune Otica, statlng wh i uame. BPLENDID RES 3 w E The wood aloue, place ex.eoding ons o In most valuable Albany an worth #06 50 a eord o the ¢ SALF, one hoat from the eit; Dery and frult trees; o ar the dopo T New-York. Apply to B g lorgngad nowr} . \l BURBAN PROPERTY for SAL I-‘ in Morrisania, | ; West Morrisania. Melross, Tremont, &e. D‘uw]! rom $4.500 hl‘-fl\;:'ll: |l;- wll this wonth THIRD-AVE. 8 S o T W,’"‘”.,,f,',‘).,,‘,.,,.. 710 BANKS - X BALE, & n THREE ARY l. AS hiest SUITES e best of ROOMS in th JANES ROWE, With Furniture and Itahway. one hiour I.l .\HH.h —hnr Hal {511 LAND, in oue bady, tol TI oot of Courtlandt- 1t occny ivs o valley, heavily tim: en iy from rillway o Kiver, a0 throughoot, vxtra wide hall, con: room ard kitchen stiacled—14 roor v advantage for a larze wervatory, di Tien deumsly stusted on the RKiver, with bost and bathing b vty o & teglar sscend: oy the i the country; cxeelent s rule froin Ve i ety and sbundence of fruit aud omamental trecs, viaes y sueve o o Vgl @ Tduiniies, Apply to I C. ROOT, No. 21 N . 164 i'ulton st . ESTATE Aar Fo o liested { Land, 10 in meadors, 8 or 6 under cultivation, | € renander n lawa and pastore. 0 throughouts hotees, cartioges, stock and complate i L.. lm.w L , No. 14 Broad. rl further pa wpp! fom310 4 p. T T SOTWELL, b the precies L il s wholn, 814 l{‘()l{ SALE in llurlr- the four new, gesteel, bigh stoop HOUSES, on Onie-hupdred and twens and Fifth ot 100 foet improvemen Harlem, M-..,u JLUTIE ber; fl! Rerw of cxcel and very product The I’ ?-rn W fun wtensile of all Kind Houses lot, re 1OUSE, two stor f yrouud z.wuo" o ‘lu Lfln o ottic Hudson and_cellar n Fourth of 330 acres, fr 5, 000 woop b of 50 Thcindud, for 10,00, $10,000,2500 in good ouder, in Twent aves. Apply to JAMES third st 4" lM'I:IA.\', B E. “Apply to A o wast of Third wve tory and busement, yord in front and u Tl House b .. Oue Lundred-and-twenty ith ., fourth | Fou BALE—In Brooklyn, ul 0, fect in the with o1l medoci inp Id al 'y reasonable fignre. 0. 3 Pine 0 in Wood, lurge, old- 1 and shade, g2od gorden, & exsoy Railroad. Wil be Brookly: Go ln 3 %9 i from Ue low. luquice st walk, Conn., the BEAU- """Vlyu( the late Danfol K. Nash, situsted about from e degot; the bowss haury new, with four ell stocked wi fruit and oruamental treos. Apply i Norwalk, Conn.__ FAMILY ex ¥ Europe will LI Nineteenthi-st. month. Tuquire st 'No.30 Bresd st Hooms No. 3 A ecling to -\pl-nd several d LOUS y wh-stone front Brooklyn. Has all the modern 3 Apryioe s E. €. BROAD- ', BRADLEY. FIRST FLOOR to LET at No. 9a l’rmce-nt., l“‘"‘ sAw—'r-o fino BAW-MILES, 59 miles et Brosdwa, for bussets APR S ¥op TN & Co. T e eouplobs. Feopiug ofdes, wilh n--.‘.’.'a"u‘."-".‘.‘# A RUISTS STUDIOS to LET. Laquire et No. 813 .sm [ orfour years. b MAKSHALL Sovan- . Browdway. CANTRELL. obGe I.‘OB SALE—On casy wrmo, at $400, fiae LOTS in Birooklys. on hgh ground, only 13 miautes by cexs from ferries. o money tequierd WAl O2er, No. 149 Brosdway, Now-York. FOR SALE—A valuable LEASE, for a term of at CUflAUE to LPT n D. \HILN. Conn.—l“iu minates walk (o depot ; iwe 10 eorme in good order, with ove in abundance. of lot of GROUND, the f West and Y taitiole pyrise foatof | il i 0 B L] = - NURNISHED Country RESIDENCES to LET for JFARMS T SALE moar Suratogn Springs, N Voo ....ffm., O e, | Afpir ts PARSORR & two nes: Saratoga Lake. Goodbuildings, vludullr"t?u. ‘X|‘|I WAH“ e et ool s b the ner wihes o el from furming ARGE 00N with Power, with good him, 4 holatlng an STERLING & KERR, 314 West 34t JEASHORE PROPERTY—LONG BRA H=The most deairablo proper:y upon the summit of the ses-slore, in the ‘s finprovements now bring mads, combining evs aid shore drives in the country. complete's furntshed, o 'mnv forthat., nesr to rent At 4 on May 1, beiug the & present tengnt oad at., Room No. 'glm roiture and Morchan- [ Warehouse No. 235 Hudvon sty be* s lv-uunluhmuo Am:huuwnnn L valuable Jok ~\1|:'T| i fa Eatorn North Carcilea Addras e Oilics. o Yo view of the river. on the promises, 0 [.—Four-story Bmwn-smns HOUSE In ort foruished business, 70 LET—Nice STORE, Basement and Sub-base- wment (about 23x70), most deairably located forsay wholessle buab dicat 10 o " Furn beautiful RESTD) For R artie UTT, LE -Af st Twenty-secondst. LET or LEASE. HALF of BLOCK batween Sixth and Seventi-ta. d balf of Pler foot of Seventival of alkhead BB, N LET—Yours nuu ous Ri first and s-cond t th L ough to N Inguire No. 161 Chasibers uetion hou e §o. 110 Read lote t0 the WAL the LD 1HOUSE, within threa m! F. MeLANE, W hwe I‘llha. lf V. room convealent; ail bos pposite Stayvesant Park. —STORES ~ No, 143 Reade-st., or separate!. 8 oine room ul‘idLU )le‘n wlarsappy to W. Nor 30 Third o Hurm-l'. Ne. bersst. NORTR t Ris Sixthat.__ 00MS, front and hwi. o] 161 Chambem-st., 4t., up wnd shipping res. Appiy b e, with stables, carriage of LAND, with a fine ou Rye De " ’v:, u,\vu.uu ROM M AY RI o 'l‘u LET way, co 0 1] —A 11 Rooms, and s lav; ont New. Vox!'m New ¥ 3} hours from w Haven Reilrosd. Ap, ARM-HOUSE containing ouse and other buildi fard I (it Toea T THR Wnl‘l'h!rumth i rent $1.008, neat HOUSE coutaining of frof? ; 2 minutes from depoty i',g’.n'a’ Frie Ralirond Addrem on Re thirdst, o H aient, & of 10 rc o ad i And Lalf foors copvemient for bousekecping West Fifty-foart W dnxden iy (i or %0 Morton ica, wilk, freah vegotal a5y, Ing VIWI_ o T or for h\Ll- il 1 Inqalre of Dr. the Hudson. Roow RENT, OUSE, all modemn im: —To a Man and W ment, Parlor avd large back Rooms, in s nice, moders brick Huuw, in Yorks Baths, &c. Small fawily fo kouse. Beot, & o roquired. Apply to A. FOWLE TP TOWN—A 3-3t0 n Orange County, N. J., 1 dex'eable FUI!V!:‘HI'B HOUSE. uear depot; also, @ H. on second floor, mhel lunl o 830 per_month: 0. 97 East Tweaky and_basement & fiset foor and buck o, statiouary wasEtubey bo to's good teusnt, $5) & moutn. Ales vther flooss Togaire at No. 408 fonses and Sarms mamtb or furaished, in New-¥ork or it Petroieuss B ds, OBER] ot No. 6), New-York. Summer J., ou the 4 ont Hygle pecsons. ot., from 12 to 2end Tecelvo SU Jnl of the Blg Mo two miles from Str b RY BOARD, 10 mi ee ot fomr Louse, where yard, with fin afio siee of Mre: Mnull NTRY BOARD WA Board unb om New York, 10 win i L calt oun nnn aled. r\-.vl-l,yy 'J i ANTED to PU RC IIAQF., a 10U} EE, unfumuhd viciuity, or within tocks, paying krge Appl: s- T WISHART, Nor 71 Bros fittrmts HOME, at Florence Hights, bank of the Delaware River, will be open fag ¢ Boarders on the let of April A " TRALL P ¥ , and ‘modations Jr. Trall may be consulted st No. 88 2pm. l‘h anu WATER CURE, on It i ».mu.-g, tains, three wiles from 5 rrul.xnh- ou: i % Ammanis, on Hao s from dep , To. 404 Ies norih of Central Park, asant, baaltly, with good wates, RY BO. -\Inl)—Pcmnns dl'urnul ol ahl.unfl they can find 8 large bouse, hade, fruit_and 8 . NTED— Rooms. -‘\ PLEASANI T HOME in BICOOI\L\'N—SO min- e om Felon Ferry, in a wli the comforts and onm- » European pian IERICAN HOTEL, Brouduly and fooms in wita or ingly af moderate rtes: firstclase Louse, in o couvenicnees of Lome will be (H NTLEMAN and WIFE wish to HIRE tn UNFURN/SHED ROOMS, with BOARD. fa s private far Wil be o tie eountry ave., au Station Al Aa.‘ Geutleuen can be accom 1}0\!!!) with ple Inquire at No. 315 W PRIVAT om second i Sumuer. d south of Fort D, oue week. rivate Family N ear Broadway. UNFUR. ISHED ROOMS " “Retorence given. LEMAN and WIF) Pretfers location west of Adiress UNION, T, to gontlemen only, L HED ROOMS, in suit or singly st No. 24 Wee AMILY offer u_suite of lu)OMx d Room on fourth floor, with fall BOARD; jo gentiemen. No. 116 Niathst., wesk o Ecan find FURNISHED with BS'A'IHI afow nt rooms for mn;zle Gentlemen. Fourthst. Relereuce required. OQRD WANTED—By the 21st of April or 1st of BOARD on MURRAY HILL. —Lnrga ant ROOMS ean be obtained suitable for & o, for sngle gentlemen, by spriyivg st No. 0 West Thie beat of tefecences require B '+ 20 uniu room, . roou aod tegms, J GENTLEMAN and WIFE, Brosdway, near Springst. r.. 'llhu five minobes iy or with :nh"nxmrnhnd Address, I“URNIBHED_ ROOMS on_second and third floors to LET with BOARD, ut No. 106 Weat Forty thiriat. Hosss has all couveniences. No movis FURNISHED ROOMS, without ithout_Board.—A fine sulte of Rooms on 8, James Hotel. B Soes, ot No. 13 wu":‘-.uy ixthot., required. SHED BOOHS. 'ith evel convenicuce, 0 in s privets o, S, e ot botweos Siath and Sevethaves. No. 94 Weat Bevonteenthvat., botween LD ARC Ze¥er0 S oy ROOMS TO LET TO GENTLE-MEN—WIEB ot -nunlma.h-.m-.u-ny on Mumy Hil., Voew &ll! OOMS—Fur one or two Broakfast aud Tea n & 8., Box No. 3,829 New-York GENTLEMEN, with o hally tn Morissaie ‘Address VANTI' B P Offica Box No. 3007, ataiu iven and required. geutlemen can b ncv-vummh‘nl ith first-class BOARD ina private family st No. 14 Virtek Tace, ner Bleeckerot. ecgiluable refer v wily, 0 or thr by a Gen- ith BOA w1 PER WE and Up with BOARD, &t Dupont Usilivisea (voulad wards for Sivgle Rooms oure, HudionsA.. opporise LQapiiaR daiod Fanassaia