The New York Herald Newspaper, November 28, 1878, Page 5

NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1878—TRIPLE SHEET. LURAY’S LION. | Further Exploration Where the Sun Never Shines. SURVEYING THE ROUTE. --——--—— How New Discoveries Are Being Made in the Cave. FOLLOWING INWARDS. Lunar, Va., Nov. 28, 1878, Tam confident that I have now seen every part of the great cavern that is reachable by any kind of movement short of flying. I have explored the place from attic to subcellar with an attention to detail that leaves little chance of a space ten feet square escaping notice. It is therefore time that I should give the reader a general description of the whole, Rdding, at appropriate places in the narrative, such comments as are necessary to call atteution to pur- ticular features of a truly wonderful cavern, The ordinary visitor—that is to say, one who merely ‘‘sees” the cave, und is led from place to place by a guide, and is mystified by the many turnings and intersections of the paths, the rising here and descending there, the low-roofed sections where the track is lost, upparently, under a ledge, the fantastic reflections and great obscurities—can form no correct idea of the general direction of hiszoute. It is possible to bring him by many- entrances into the same chamber and he will not recognize it. The sflects produced by the cundle lights on the forma. Hons around him will be so changing that the same object viewed from different sides and under different lights and shadows wil! appear a new one from cach Point of observation. I have been so frequently de- ceived myself in this way, although very familiar with the cave and its winding paths and strange figures, that I can imagine how hopelessly lost id the maze a visitor would be who strayed from his guide or lost his light. Beside the serious inconvenience of a dif- ficulty in such a place there is also a great danger to be apprehended, becuuse the dazed wanderer runs the risk of tumbling down into the gulfs that yawn in many places, and which are large and deep enough to silence effectually the cries of the victim, For- tunately the rules governing the movement and con- duct of’ visitors prepared and enforced by the pro- prietors, Campbell and Stebbins, are so well calcu- lated to insure the safety of the first as well as the Propriety of the second that a visit can be made to the cave with a certainty of its being highly en- Joyable. . SURVEYING THE novre. To satisfy myself, however, on the question of the relations of various chambers ard the general direc- tion of the drainage which relieves the cayera of water, I have run lines by compass through the pass- tyes, and have established in a satisfactory way the proximity of apparently widely separated sections. This was a very interesting operation, and had to be tonducted with considerable circumspection, both on account of the difficulty in getting over some parts of the line and the sensitiveness of a compass needle to the influence of metallic substances. To give an in- stance of the latter, I found very soon that I could not bring one of the tin reflectors holding candles near the instrument without disturbing it so much as to fender an observation useless, ‘The intense dark- ness demanded o good light, but I was forced to read the divided circle holding a tandle in my hand, and getting a good deal of its aripping grease over a cave costume more serviceable than picturesque, As the roof is very low in places It is necessary to lie flat to get a sight with the com- pass r&sting on the ground. Sommctimes in this posi- tion and sometimes perched on a stalagmite Iran the lines until the farthest chamber of tho main floor was reached, and the apartments sketched 28 I pro- seeded, A very curious and sometimes striking ef- fect was produced by setting the single ranging can- dle away among the stalactites in a large chamber. The solitary starlike light shone in the midst of the (mmense blackness, its rays faintly illuminating the Hips of near formations and giving the ides that it wes a mile wway. The tye could not penetrate the screeny darkness beyond. It looked like ® paipable curtain shutting from view some mysterious beyond which hid secrets not for human knowlegge. Icon read‘ly un- derstand why the tirst explorers were, as described im the early letters published iu the HkRALD, awe struck by the vague immensity of the spaces into which they bai not ventured. It was only by degrees that proportions and distances could be appreciated and known, for every forward step was one ot ex- treme caution and doubt as to its consequences, Where the passages are now carried on bridges over chasms, or down stairways into considerable depths, great risk was run in the first exploration because smooth and slippery surfaces had to be passed under conditions of light that rendered every- thing uncertain and alarming. Too much credit cannot be given to Andrew Campbell and his assistants for venturing into these Bloomy recesses. I have seen that man penetrate openings in the rock that a rabbit would scemingly have a hard squeeze to yet through, and descend into anknown depths where a and or foot slip would undoubtedly be followed by fatal consequences, He and L have searqhed for openings leading laterally from the very bOttom of tho big chasm, and into every one found Campbell boldly crawled or climbed in search of new chambers. Disappomtment fre- quently resulted, but he has been, even when explor- ing with only myself for a companion, rewarded by “finds” of great beauty and considerable extent, HOW THE CAVE I8 EXPLORED, Let me give a brief sketch of an exploration. We start to the end of the cave reachable by visitors and guides. ‘hero leaving ovr ex- tra supplies of candles and such things as may prove cumbersome to carry through narrow pluccs, we make a brief sarvey of the surroundings of our starting point. By the way, our costumes ure worth describing. Campbell wears over his work- ing clothes a pair of tough blue jean trousers strapped tightly around his waist. Over his body he drawe a rough check shirt staine? with many a mud patch, but it has resisted the stalactites bravely and Js not badly torn. A close fitting cap is drawn down to his cars, these useful orgaus being left uncovered because they must be ever ready to catch the sounds peculiar to our work. If a hole in the floor is found a piece of rock is first dropped into it, and, as often happens, can be heard rolling down a steep de- clivity below, or falling directly with a resound- ing splash into water. To judge of the depth of the hole we must lie with our cars close to it, and hear every sound that is made by the fall- * ing or roiling stone, ‘Therefore Campbell keeps his ears open, and can hear the falling drops of water from hidden stalactites in places where no one but an expert would dream they were forming. My own costume is scarcely more sightly than Campbell's, A short and old dlue coat, which, by the way, is now in tatters, buttoned tightly. A pair of bine jean Overalls, that cannot be called blue now, for they aro @ uniform mnd color, anc a worsted cap with a thick crown, to save my head from the spear-like pendants that stud the roof. In my pockets I carry notebook snl pencil, a thermometer, and sometimes a small supply of bixeuit and meat to make @ Junch in the most cPhyenient hole that we can find when we get hungry. There is plenty of water, clear as crystal, to be had, and this sorves as the only beverage, for Luty is #0 fearfully temperate in its principles that Murphy himself would have to go through a probationary course of bull-neck beet and bad coffer before he sould quality as a lecturer to such a eotumunity, “Well, sit,” Campbell asks, “shall we try out that new lead bohind ‘the organ’ to-day ? Iam sure wo pan find an opening somewhere in it,” “AM right, but take care we have enough candles, and don't forget that ball of twine,” “On, I've laid 4 guide iM ugood part of the way, and we can’t get astray, Take care and don’t walk into that pool, it is five feet deep, but it looks as if it was only six inches, ‘The latter caution is addressed to me, and the | cause is a round pond about ten feet in diameter, with margins of snowy deposit in beautiful folds, and a bottom crystal. I cam see the bottom as clearly as if there was only one inch instead of five fect of water in it. Indeed, the shadows cast by the little projections of crystal at the bottom ure so sharply defined that I must hold my light in a certain way in order to see the surface of the water. Stepping cautiously around the margin and up @ smooth white slope, along which the water trickles into the basin, I avoid a ducking similar to that re-, ceived the other day by an adventurous visitor, wh leaving bis guide and friends for a short but ince- pendent exploration, found himself up to his hips in this particular pond before he had made twenty paces. He crawled out a wetter but a wiser man, and I suppose left the beauties of the cave as quickly as possible for home end dry clothes. Creeping along among the stwlagmites and stolactites, which here unite under a low roof in slendexcolumns, we ad- vance, following the guiding string that has been wisely laid by Campbell. “Look out! There's an ugly place. Can you make it?’ from Campbell, causes me to raise my head suddenly to look forward. ‘Out !"" what a hor- rible puneh my head got from the pointed stalactite just ubove it! Campbell’s light danced before my eyes for 8 moment or two, but when the stinging paiu has subsided I find myself brought up by a mass of rock that almost fills the corridor, It has fallen from the roof and leaves a jagyed cavity there. Beyond and around this piece of rock the stalagmites and stalactites are in many cases cracked or broken off. The roof rock is crushed and splintered, and im- mense rents extend forward for as much as seventy feet, showing that a powerful crushing force has been exerted here, and that in places it was irresistible, The floor is hollow sounding and muddy, and the little spaces on each side of the obstruction, formed by the shelving down of the roof and up of the floor, are nearly tilled with small formations. Campbell has wormed his way between the wall and the big rock, and has turned to give me the benefit of his light and advice. I set my candle down as far shead as I can reach, and then begin an effort to squeeze myself through the only practicable opening. “Whew! whata place. I must rest for a few moments,” for the exertion is really exhausting, Finally, however, I get. through, and picking up our candles we push on. The passage docs not widen, Indeed, it scarcely varies in dimensions, although we have traversed already nearly two hundred and fifty of _feet of it. “Here, Mr, Campbell, look at this opening.” - “Hallo-o-o!” comes in smothered sounds from Campbell, who has thrust his arms, head and shoulders into another hole and seems to be holding @ conversation with the janitor of the infernal regions. Presently he comes to where I am crouch- ing and examines the hole I found with care. Then, poking his head into it, and reacliing his candle fur in, he can be heard oxclaiming, ‘This looks like a big lead. I must break away some of these forma- tions before I can get in; but in I'll go!” Then, after much pounding at the hard encrustation, which yields slowly and in small bits, Campbell disappears in the hole, and the following conversation is held through it :—- “Well, what is it lik “I—cant—well—make—out—yet, Just- wait a moment.” The slowly coming, stifled words ac- company sounds of scraping, pounding, or the rolling of bits of dirt through interior recesses, which shows that the hidden workman is trying to make his way in some direction or other, and that it is a tough job. Presently I hear, as if from a dis- tance:—‘‘Hallo, Mr. 1 It’s as big as all out of doors here. Quite a fine room and some very pretty formations. Can you muke it?” Then it is my turn. I shout:—“Halto, Campbell! Don’t roll any rocks about above there. I’m coming up, if I can.” Then, with much twisting and squeezing of my body, I metimes work my way after Campbell, and some- 8 I do not, for he can go through openings easily that are impassable to me. In this way every passage and chamber has been explored in detail. It is astonishing what a small amount of ground can be covered—that is to say, examined—within our regular working hours— namely, from ten A. M. to five P.M. The big chasm alone took us nearly five hours to explore thoroughly. GENERAL PLAN OF THE CAVE. The result of my rough survey by compass, the error of which is due to attractions in the soil being unknown, is about as follows:— For the main corridor leading from the entrance toward the great low roofed hall,gnd for a distance of about four hundred feet, the general direction is about eleven degrees north of east (magnetic bear- ings). This length passes from the foot of the en- trance stairway to the left of the big column, so called, in the ante-chamber, and through a narrow passage to a stairway leading down into the first im- portant depression in thecave. Thence over “Muddy Lake,” now dry, and under @ natural archway to the entrance of the big chamber, the floor of which is reached by two flights of stairs rising a hefght of say thirty feet. This is the point where the roof of the big chamber fell, filling up the cavity completely excopt where the chasms cecur. The vis- itor, in traversing it, therefore walks over the upper surfae of the fallen masa; or, thet portion of it that was at one time attached to the roof. Above him the roof varies in height fro:a five to cight feet, if he crosses the hall on the samo line as the first referred to; that is to say, in a nearly easterly direction, north and south, the roof appears to be lower, except where it approaches a section of “the great gulf,” separated from the main chasm by a small obstruction. There the floor falls away a litue, giving more head room, Northward the floor approackes the roof so closely as to prevent explora- tion for the present, but I am satistied great caverns will yet be found in that direction, as they do occur at the southern end of the hali. Although 300 feet from west to east and of indeiinite extent from south to north, the roof of this vast, choked-up apart- ment has no visible support except that afforded by the walls. It would remind one of a rudeiy groined roof, destitute of ornament, and of of a,dull bluish color, Within it are the chasms known as the “Great Chasm,” “Skeleton Chasm,” and several others of minor importance, but still dan- gerous looking openings to timid visitors. The age of the other formations that are to be seen in the cavern, the fact that these occur in the “Great Chasm” and the general character of the surroundings, con- vinees me that underneath the floor of this big columniess ball there are immense cha:nbere formed by the protecting shelter of the old roof formations that have fallen, but which must be supported on the original floor by the massive stalactites and stalag- mites that were formed before the rvof fell, To the eastern side of the big hall, being 700 feet from the entrance, a sudden turn of the passage to the south- ward carries the visitor down a sharp incline for about one hundred feet and diveetly into the section of the cave where it is richest in beautiful formations. Again bending eastward for 250 feet he descends toward the great stalactitic “partition,” the “Angel’s Wing,” the “Organ” and the deep clear pool deseribed hereinbefore in comnec tion with the explorations. The forms of deposit here are very boautiful and numerous, but the evi- dences that the shock which precipitated the roof of the big hall to the floor was also heavy in this section are very decided, At the end of this length of 250 feet there commences as a lateral passage, tollowing @ gen- eral northerly direction, the long and narrow cor- ridor in which I have laid the seene of my exploration with Campbell, We penctrated it as far as we could go and estimuted its length about four hundred fect, including the chumbers discovered at its termination, but as there are several leads that it is as yet impoasi- ble to follow from these, it is safe to say that an im- portant development may be looked for in that dirce- tion, From the “Organ” and following a southwest di- rection, or turning back, as it were, on the line lead- ing from the entrance, is a very large chamber, filled with tho ruins of eplendid stalactites, over which stalagmitic torms have boon built by the root drip. Many of th are colossal, and notably “the fallen column,” @ great staluctite lyiug with its butt down- ward, as if it had nowrly made atull turn over in falilng. This formation is now cesuentod at ite small end to the mass against which it rests by the new deposits that have accumulated since its fall, It is the landmark in this realm of darkness and marks the point where an important turn in the path oc. curs, Away to the right hand—that is, to the north- west—the sides slope backward to the roof, making an intricate combination of spaces seperated by fallen masses and new formations, but which cannot be celled rooms or chombers. This slope seems to lead toward the head of the “Great Chasm," and the small chasm at its foot is evidently one of the openings left when the roof masses fel!, From the “Organ” to the end of this crowded chamber is about one hundred and fifty feet, and its width is fully as much. From the last described space there extends, in a southerly by westerly direction, another chamber two hundred feet in length and about one hundred and fifty in width, of irregular outline and divided into two levels, the most distant or southerly being the lowest by twenty fect. ‘The upper level of this room is filled with remarkable stalagmites wnd its eastern side by great stalactites; on the lower level there are inaskes of fallen roof formation, and two splendid columns that reach from floor to ceiling. These ure all carefully fenced in by the proprietors to preserve them from Vandal visitors. A heavy drip has formed curi- ous stalagmites like low sized monuments in a cem- etery, and a fine floor encrustation that is also saved by the barriers erected, From the end of the hall is the approach to one of the most singwar chainbers in the cavern, A smooth slope of encrusted rock mounts to. gallery set with beautiful formations, ‘Thence along, lowand narrow passage leads to the chamber where an industrions correspondent counted 100 springs. There and close by opens an immense chamber where the formations are superb, not the least interesting among them being one of the finest white columns in the cave. On a slope in this cham ber there is acurious formation which presents a mozsslike appearance, But in the candle light the tip of each spray sparkles like a ruby, an amethyst or a garnet, as the colors of the crystals change. I don’t think it is possible to see anything finer then that gem-lit slope. But to return to the room in which the columns and stalagmites are fenced in, A narrow passage about sixty feet long and running in a northwesterly direction leads into an- other very large hall, which I find is close behind the east wall of the “Great Chasm’ and separated from it by only one hundred feet or so. Several. “leads” oc- curin this room, which is fully two hundred feet long. One of these is over a ledge, reached by a lad- der, and which leads into the great interior hall, which I described in a tormer letter, having made an examination of the soil washed in from the surface. Another “lead” is direct to the foot of a steep slope, mounting which, by the aid of a rope, enables one to look through an opening into the “Great Chasm” us through a biground window. The hal! slso.contains in a corner the ‘Coral Cascade” and many other bean- tiful groups and objects. [have now led the reader over 2 course by # path of about sixteen hundred feet, without turning to any side passages or visiting » se- ries of large chambers on the left of the entrance, nor making any transverse journeys in the big low-roofed hall. These I reserve for another letter, in which I hope to give an accurate description of the courses from the map I am now perfecting. * - NO LITTLE BUTTERFLIES. COLONEL MAPLESON’S CHILD BALLET DOES NOT DANCE—THR SCENE aT THE acapfax oF MUSIC LAST NIGHT. No children danced in the ballet of ‘Les Papillons’ (the Butterflies) given last night at the Academy of Music after the opera of “Lucia di Lammer- moor” had been rendered. This ballet has been made somewhat famous by reason of the sensational arrest of the impresario of Her: Majesty’s Opera Troupe, Colonel James Henry Mupleson, on a warrant sued out by the Socicty for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. He was teken before Judge. Morgan, at the Jefferson Market Court, and held: for trial in $900 bail. This was promptly furnished. When the Colonel raturned to the Academy he was naturally indignant, and he pro- claimed his intention to give the ballet when it was necessary, and make @ test case of the matter in the courts. He so expressed himself as late us yesterday afternoon; but when 8 Henatp reporter saw him last night in the lopby of the Academy he hed changed his mind. He said to the reporter :—"I have seriously considered this affair, and, although I ain sure of my legal position in the matter, I have deter- mined to exercise the equity of courtesy and to keep the children element of the ballet off until the ques- tion is setiled in the courts.”” CONDOLENCE. During yesterday over a hundred letters and cards from the fashionable and opera-going people of New York city were left at Colonel Mupleson’s hotel. A score of capitalists offered themselves as buil, nearly every piano manufacturer being sented in the throng. Considering that that portion of the ditti- culty hed already been arranged the supertiuity of the profferings could do no- more than show the kindly intention. Letters came pouring in, many of them being trom the mothers of the little “butterflies.” ‘The arrest was a sensation; the re- sult was an ovation. It was the first time that Four- teenth street had been treated to a genuine thrill for ‘a long time, and the most was made of it. It is even rumored that s French librettist talked amicably upon the subject toa Rullman librettist. But this is mere gossip, and should not be relied upon. THE CHILDREN. The Heratp reporter made his way through the rain to the atage door of the my, on Fourteenth ‘The curtain was dowa on the first act of On the farther side of the stage there ix an anto-greenroom, in which about fifteen little girls in wraps, waterproofs and cloaks were gathered, Four or five mothers moved among them, the mini- mum of mammas simply showing that the decision about the ballet was a sudden and recent one, und that the news had not travelled to the homes of all of these little ‘‘papillons.” The reporter asked a plain-faced woman, who was elonely weepped im a shawl damp with rain, whether she desired her id to dance inthe ballet. She answered that she did. This wae the expression of opinion given by every matrou present. “Poor things,” said one, “it is a recreationetter being in school.” “It is not so hard as being in school,” said another. “But the children, let us hear the’ Do you like this ballet business ? Are you content to continue your butt: fly existeuce 7’ So said the reporter to the girls. ; ‘the “Yes” that came was not exuetly a howl, but it was powerful enough in a falwetto sense to drown the noise of th wm that was making a grimly irregu- lar accompaniment to the orchestra of Signor Arditi. ‘The chubby children crowded about the reporter as if he were a Commissioner, of Charities and Correc- tion ona regular tour, and seemed very much in- terested in the event. If @ vote had been tuken among thom the Society forthe Prevention of Cruelty to Children would have been defeated, “As for my little girl,” remarked a mother in @ plain shawl, “she is always doing something like this.” And here the woman with the pinched features, and no more suggestion naturally of dance about her than there is in the «phinx, executed an attempt at a walt movement that no doubt broyght up memories of her youth, when such things were both possible and delightful. THE INVANTILE BALLET. Besides Milo. Marie Miller, who is twelve years old, there are twenty-four little girls who have attracted the attention of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Their names are Annie Stickley, Hurrict Kenny, Louise Firmen, Alice Yeuther, Bertha Huttio Fe Lily Huttie Bi Josephine Mus. yer, Paulie Drescher, Rosa MeCormuck, Dora Troemel, Vizzie Keans, Dora Edwards, Kate Arnoux, Lou plins, Nettie Harper, Kate Dreacher, Annie Dung, Liz yen, Julia Gilroy, Paulino Goonnel and Gracie Koch. The reporter saw nearly all of them, and in no instance did he hear a word of complaint as to the rigor of the ballet exercise. On the contrary, there seened to be a gennine and uni- versal dasire to go out on the stage and dance, whether the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was willin, or not,’ As the mothers began to arrive the children prepured reluctantly to depart, and many a tiny butterfly, huddied up in waterproof or shawl, sighed, as sie passet along Fourteenth stroct in the rain, for the glitter and glare of the stage—for the music, the warmth of the house and the gossamer wings at the shoulders, The ballet went on all the same, with Mile, Malvina Cavalazzi and the other premiéres in their roles. THE ARREST OF COLONEL MAPLESON, A WOMAN'S PROTES?. ‘To tae Eprror or tax Heraupy:— ‘Tho Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chil- dren has been unwise in selecting for its prey such a prominent person as Colonel Mapleson. ‘The mana- gers should havo shown more justice, if not more cour- tesy, to astranger in our land, and who las come here to elevate the standard of our opera—an honor and benefit we Americans ought to &ppreciate, for wo sadly needed it, It might perhaps be wiser for the oilicers of the Soeiety tor the Prevention of Cruelty to Children to examine into the lives of the children they profess to take such interest in. Do they expect to, furnish necessaries «of life to the patents who are perhaps sup: ported by the talents of their little ones ? Porhaps it would be kinder to these little ones to let them beg in the streets. Thero would be nothing cruel in that; it is nothing but fun, of course, for them to wander day and night trying to beg u little for those at home.” This arrest scems to meun insult to the managers of tho Academy. ‘To think that they have allowed this thing to go on under their eyes and have not seen the cruelty of it! My advice to the society would be to first direct their energies to some of the long standing places in this city where crtel performances are carried on only in a degraded form, Query. —Do the children of the iustrious managers of this society ever ri, dance or exercise in any but the prescribed way ? A LOVER OF JUSTICE, a the | ; International Code Committee of America, states that GENERAL AVERAGE. THE NEW RULES PROPOSED BY THE IN TIONAL LAW REFORM ASSOCIATION—INTERESI- ING AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR SHIPPERS. Asystem of new rules relating to general average has been projected by the Association for the Reforin and Codification of the Law of Nations and the Eng- lish Central Committee of International General Averages. Mr, A. P. Sprague, the secretary of the a series of international conferences, having in view | the unification of the laws relating to general aver- age, have been held, attended by adjusters of the most experience and representatives { appointed by the principal mereantile, ship- owning and insurance associations of Eng- land, Germany, France, America, Holland, Bel- gium, Denmark, Norway, Russia and other countries. These meetings took place the first year in Glasgow, afterward in London and then in York. In 1876 the subject was taken up by the Association for the Re- form and Codification of the Law of Nations at their annual, Conference at Bremen, and by the same asso- ciations at Antwerp in 1877, and at Frankfort in Au- gust of this year, At these conferences it became apparent that the differences preventing uniformity could be reduced to a few points. The first set of rules drawn at Glasgow in 1860 does not dif- fer greatly from the revised rales drawn at York in 1804, and at Antwerp and Frank- fort the York rules were adoptel, with slight modifications. The basis of a uniform system having been settled, it only remains to procure uni- versal adoption. The London committee recommend that the ‘utmost publicity be given to the proposed change, 80 that shippers of cargoes may understand what is intended and may haye timely warning to er- range for the insertion of the necessary clauses in their policies of insurance. For this purpose it is proposed that those shipowners who intend to avail themselves of the new rules ana those underwriters or representatives of insurance companics in Amer- ica who are ready to admit the new clauses into their policies should be invited to join in an announcement of their intention which may be communicated to the American secretary, Mr. A. P. Sprague, No. 111 William street, New York. «i ‘The following are the rules as adopted :— ‘THY: YORK-ANTWEEP RULES, Rule L—Jetttson of Deck Cargo, No jettison of deck cargo shall be made good as general average. Every structure not built in with the frame of the vessel shall be considered to be a part of the deck of the vessel. Rule 11,—Damage by Tettison. Damage done to goods or merchandise by water which unavoidably goes down a ship's hatenes opened or other opening nade for the purpose cf making a jettison shall be made good as general average, in case the loss by jettison is so made good. Damage done by breakage and chafing, or otherwise trom de- rangement of stowage consequent upon a jettison, shall be made good as general average, in case the loss by jettison is so made good. Rule I. —Extinguishing Fire on Shipboard. Damage done to u ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or otherwise, in extinguishing a fire on board the ship, shall be general average, except thut no compensation be made tor damaye done by water to packages which have been on Rule 1V,—Culting « Loss or damage caused by cutting away the wreck or remains of spars, or of other things which have previously been carried away by sea peril, shall not be mude good as general average. Rue V.—Voluntary Stranding. | When a ship is intcntienally run on shore because she is sinking or driving on shore or rocks, no damn- aye caused to the ship, the cargo and the freight, or any or either of them, by such intentional running on shore, shall be made good as general average. Rule V1.—Carrying Prevs of Sail. Damage occasioned to a ship or cargo by carrying apress of sail shall not be made good as gener: average. Me Rule VIL—Port of Refuge Expenses, When aship shall have entered a port of refuge \under such circumstances that the expenses of euter- ing the port are admissible as general average, and when she shall haye sailed thence with her original cargo or a part of it, the corresponding expenses of leaving such port shall likewise be admitted as gen- eral average, aud whenever the cost of discharging cargo at such fort is admissible as general average the cost of relouding and stowing such cargo on hoard tho suid whip, together with all storage charges on such cargo, shull likewise be so admitted, Rule VILL—Wages and —— of Crew in Port of Refuge. When a ship shall have entered a port of refuge, under the circumstances defined in Rule VIL, the wages and cost of maintenance of the master and mariners, from the time of entering such port until the ship shall haye been made ready to proceed npon her voyage, shall be made good as gene- average. me ‘Tewte LX.—Damage to Cargo in Discharging. Di e done (oO by discharging it at a port of retuge ahall not be wiiissible as general averag case stich cargo shall have been discharged at the place and in the manner customary at that port with ships not in distress. i Rule X.—Contrindory Values, The contribution to w general average shall be made upon the actual values of the p operty at the termina- tion of the adventure, to which shall be added tho amount made good as general average for Par sd sacrificed, deduction being inade from the ship- owner's fteight and passage ‘money at risk of such port charges and crew's wages as would not haye been ineurred had the ship and cargo been totally lost at | the date of the general average act or sacrifice, deduc- tion being also made from the value of the property of all charges incurred in respect thereof subsequently to the arising of the claim to general averaye. Rule X[.—Loss of Freight. In every case in which a sacrifice of cargo is made good as general average the loss of freight (if auy) which is caused by such loss of cargo shall likewise be so made good, ( Rule X11.—Amount To Be Made Good For Cargo, The value to be allowed for goods sacrificed shull be that value which the owner would have received if such goods had not been sacrificed. The changes which the adoption of the York-Ant- werp rules will introduce into the English practice are the following :— y 1. No jettison of catgo laden on 4 ship's deck will be adinitted into general average. his is alvondy the gene dinittod a 4 y Wreck. 5 @ expresely axrocd to ption it is proposed to abolivh, shippers of earce on dee! ie shipment on deck, The rosult will be a that loss by jettison the cargo is in Tn Vik Ov 2. When a ship is for the common safety taken into a port of retuge, uot merely the pilotage and port charges incurred in going into, but likewise those of coming out of such port, will be admitted into gen- eral average. t the expense of going in is admitted, while the 4¢ expense of coming ont again iy customarily ct the present English practice dit- ry other country. 3.°When at such port of refrge it becomes neces- sary to Cischarge cargo in order to repair the ship or for other purposes connected with the completion of | the voyage, not merely the cxpense of taking the cargo out of the ship, but likewise the cost of ware- housing and putting it back in the ship, will be ad- mitted into geueral average. At present the expense of taking it out is so admitted, but the warehouse rent is made a # the cargo and the vost of reloading @ sp freight. In thix rospoct, ax in the former, the p lish practice diftors trowi thas of ovary otlier eountry. 4.°Tae wages and keep of the crew during the vessel's atuy iu such port of refuge will be admitted into yeneral average. This is the doubt that this ally ineurrod t ost other countric: serious part There is no ette from the risk of total loss it seems to be contrary to princl- ple, as well as impolitic, to throw this loss on the slip. owner, These are the only changes in English practice. The remainder of the York-Antwerp rales refer to | matters in which the foreign practices are (when these rules are adopted) to be assimilated to ours, THE COTTON EXCHANGE, AN IMPORTANT AMENDMENY 10 ZnB RULES— PLAN OF A CLEARING HOUSE, At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the Cot- ton Exchange yesterday rule 4, second paragraph, was amended, ordered to be posted during ten days and to be in full force und effect on and atter De- | comber 7, 1878. It reads as follows:—“All ‘ring’ settlomen(s shall he made at the bid prices postea by the superintendent at PrP. M. on the day on whieh the ‘ring’ ie made, and bills on ‘rings’ or di- rect vettloments shall be rendered by eleven A. M, of the day after that on which such ‘ring’ or settlement i shall baye been iuade, and must be paid by two P.M. of the day on which they are rendered, ander 4 pen- alty of 6-100 cont per pound ax Hquidated damages, he Board of Managers in enacting this diteration were actiuted by a desire to impart greater security to contracts end to expedite their liquidation, While, they say, no objection can be made to prompt settle: ment of differences, as required by the amended rule, it has been ascertained that the magnitude of the transuctions of many firms renders its application j capacity as clerk any number of certificates which impracticable within the specitie: tim: Mr. Augustus 1 Wheeler has submitted to the Board of Managers the following details of his plaw for the eatablishment of a Clearing House, and the ‘ua placed in the hands o: a committee tor ‘The Vlearing House Proposes to make all rings, it being ouly unecessary that dedlers should send to the Clearing House each day, by or before three P. M., a list of sueh namos as they wish rang ont, ng onl Dawes OF partic m0) Ath past nine A. M. on the followin: day these lists will be rerurned, ug the These ther with ich no- tton or wareheuse orders were passed on the previous day, determine the contracts on which diitere1 are to be settled through the Clearing House for cach day. A written statemont in the prescribed form is to be mide by each desler of all the above contracts (giving only names of parties and prices), aud sent, properly balanced, to the Clearing House at or before twelve by rt sheck ney for et settlements aud all contracts on W tees of delivery of sextublished by w fixed for | ves duo to | as the scompleted, hange, the isate of transferable orders. dealers will be paid at two 2. M., or s« necessary examination of the statements i THE NATURALIZATION FRAUDS. COMMISSIONER LETTS’ IN COLEMAN CASE-—-COMMISSIONER, CEPTION. ‘Che investigation into the alleged ill nate uralization of Poter Coleman in the Superior Court in 1868 was continued before United States Commis. sioner Betts yesterday, in the Post Office building. Messrs, Auderson & Wingate appeared for the relator (Coleman) and Commissioner Davenport and Assistant District Attorney Clarke for the govermment. The first witness catled was Thomas Boesé, a clerk in the Superior Court of the State sinee1872. He produced the book of record called for by the subpana, and which was inscribed on the back, ‘Naturalization Index, Oc- tober 12 to 16, 1868, Superior Court, No. 3." It set forth that Coleman was naturalized oa October 15, 1968, Cross-examined by Mr. Wingate—I have examined the entrics from 1855 to 1873 in the Snperior Conrt, and find them the same in description as that entered for Coleman; there are from fifty to sixty’thonsand of these entries; the Initials on the certiticate pro- duced are those of Judge MeCunn; since 1873 other books haye beea kept in the Superior Court in ad- dition tv the Naturalization Index By Comunissiouer Davenpoxt— Clerk of the Superior Court ix it or is it not the fact that you haye hud presented to you in your official ‘TIGATION OF ‘THE DAVENPORT'S wore called certificates of naturalization dated in the mouth of October, 1868, where there was not any note or eniry on any book, index or minute books, or any book of the Superior Court, of such naturali- zation; and that such certificates bore the seal of the court ? The question was ojccted to, and Commissioner Betts asked Mr. Duvenport how he made the question relevant. Mr. Davenport replied that on the traverse of Coleman he produced a certificate of the Cour, showing that he had been naturalized by the Court. The objection was sustained, and then Commis- siouer Davenport said he would place upon the min- ‘utes what he desired to show by the witness, which was as follows:—"I offer to show that it is within the knowledge of the witness taat hundreds of certiticates of so-called naturalization similar to the certificate at- tached to the traverre in this case signed by the same individual who signed the paper of Coleman—namely, James M. Sweency—haye been issued, of which there is uo resord either in aay index or any book or any minutes in the Superior Court of such certiticates is- sucd in the year 1868.”” The witacss was not ellowed to answer, and the government took an exception to the ruling. . The next witness was Thomas J. Sullivan, who was the Sttpervixsor in the election district in which Coleman registered. He testified to the registration and to the tact that he had given Coloman before he registered a copy of the letter of the District Attor- ney in which citizens were warned of the fraudulent character of the naturalization papers of 1863. ‘This closed the hearing in the case, and the testi- mony, with an argument, will be submitted to Judge Blatchford to-morrow. SURROGATE DAILEY DENIES, The remarkable statement made under oath by Martin Taylor, before the Brooklyn Board of Police aud Excise Commissioners, continued to occupy a large share of the attention of politicians of both partics in that city yesterdsy. ‘he persons alleged to be implicated in tampering with the ballot boxes unite in most emphatically denying the statements made by Taylor. Surrogute Dailey says that about the time of the Dailey-Livingston contest Taylor, who had been employed by him previously, came to him aud wanted him to give him something todo, After the trial of the case Taylor said he had done very great scrvices for him, and asked for an appointment in his office, He sent in his uame with several others as a court ofticer to Sheritf Daggett, but Mr. Dagyett would not appoint him, He ‘therefore withdrew the name of Taylor and sent. in some one cise. He tried to get him appointed else- where, bat was not successful in 4 so. ‘The Surrogate says he frequently helped him with money, until he thought he nad done more than enough tor him, Subsequently, when he beard ro- ports about Taylor having been instrumental in fur- nishing keys to tamper with the ballot boxes in his interest, Mr. Dailey indignantly repelled an applica- tion made by Taylor to him for further assist- ance. Taylor then made an affidavit; which Mr. Farrell drew up at ‘faylor's request, in which he denied that ne had been a party to furnishing keys or doing otue. unlawtul acts to tdnper with the ballot boxes ih sie interest of Mr. Dailey. The Surro- gate says the only reason he can sce m Taylor mak- ing these false staioments now is that he was disap- pointed in not getting a position, and that he is poy- erty stricken and intended to blackmail him. He says that when-the Board of Police shall have finished their proceedings he will begin his. DEMOCRATS REORGANIZING. ‘The delegates elected a few days ago to attend a con- | vention to nominate a new Democratic Gencral Vom- mitive in opposition to the one which now controls the Democratic party in Hudson County, N, J., met yesterday, in MePherson Hall, Jersey City Heights, and organized by the election of ex-Assemblyman Colonel E. P. €. Lewis, of Hoboken, president; James R. Mercein, G. M. Olmstead, George P. Brock, John Leitz, J, 8. Sutphen, James 1, Hough, J. A, O'Neil and Andrew Anderson, vice presidents; Charles Gross and John Garrick, secretaries. An cative new general committee, city and district committees were formed and new bylaws and constitution adopted, it was decided to bexin work by ignoring the present Gencral Committee and their supporters. A BALL, FARMERS AT ENTERTAINMENT GIVEN BY THE QUEENS CoUNTY HUNT, AT MINEOLA, TO THE RURAL REsI- DENTS: Despite the howling storm of wind and rain tha; swept the Hempstead plains last evening the farm- ers and their wives, daughters and sweethearts in no inconriderable foree turned out to enjoy the ball at Mineola provided for their entertainment by the members of the Queens County Hunt. It was the second annual event of the kind, aud originated in the genial and thonghtful courtesy of the foxhunters toward the farmers whose grounds they have been allowed to ride over without let or hindrance. Mr. F. Gray Griswold, the Nimrod of the Long Island chase, sloug with his companions of the hunting field and many of their ludy friends and ac. quaintances, expected to be present, and a special train was engayed to take them to the scene of festivities, but the pelting rain storm doep- ened in foree as evening wore on, and they were reluctantly compelled to relinquish their purpose. But the sweeping wind and the drenching wet had no deterring effect on the hurdy farmers of Queens county, Their spirits rise under adverse meteor. ological influences, wud in their close wagons they bid defiance to the war of elements and sang merrily as they rattled over the rain washed roads on their way tw the huntsmen’s ball, If thunder, lightuing and several shakes of earthquake were thrown in the tormers would stil! have attended, for they felt their houor was at stake, and that to oor | get spitality of the bold foxhunters would be unpardonable, The ball took place in the Fair Grounds Building, which was decorated copeoneeialy for the occasion. Everything to make the affair a success was provided, except one thing, aud that was the presence of the master of the fox hounds and his jolly fellows of the chase. This was a depriva- covered tion # was mi felt at first, but as the music filled the hall and the dancing reached its ition was distractod full fling — ate uy the one regretful thought and the «ated with unmixed gayety to the end. ‘There yore no sik nor satin trains and no finery worth mention, but there was # great deal éf simple rustic beauty in calico skirts and a great deal of hearty enjoyment. Some of the country maidens, anticipating mecting with the gallant and irrceistible toxhunters, had bedecked themselves with ail their valuable jewelry aud atrayod their abundant hair in the most captivating folds and curls, but they quickly reconciled themselves to the aiiuation aud sailed into the mazy whirlof the dance with less stylish part- nera than they had built upon securing, but evidently with all the satisfaction they desired, as their yay and béaming eyes revealed. The floor was well ‘ited all the evening and the orchestra entering into the spirit of the festive seene, which was all the more festive by contrast with the dismal night, outside, rattled off the music with praiseworthy energy. The guests of the Garden City Hotel were all present, and numerous residents of the neighbor- hovud who were not farmers, but whose business is in New York, ‘The dancing was kept up atter supper, = it was long past midnight before the ball drew tu a close N pris 5 ———« MADE A“ MRLICAS.” Admission to Citizenship of - Wong Ah Yee. A CONSTITUTIONAL PROBLEM, ee Action of the Court of’ Com- mon Pleas Considered. ——__—-—_—_—— for the first time in the history of the city of New Y a native born live Chinaman has been admitted | to all the privileges of citizenship provided by the Constitution of the United States, The question of the naturalization of Mongolians has been @ mooted one for many years, and the constantly increasing emigration of that mysterions and thrifty rave has intensificd the popular interest in the settle ment of this difticwlt problem, The question, although previously passed upon in California, has never been tested in this city until day before yesterday, when Judge L: anere, of the Court of Common Pleas, mitted to citizeuship Wong Ab Yeo, upog. his own application. ovr sew citizes. ‘The new citizen is'a Chinaman of unusual intelli- gence and ability. When he appeared before Judge Larremore for uaturalization he was becomingly dressed if a thorough American costume, and but for his long black hair. and copper colored visage, would readily have been taken for a sturdy Anglo-Saxon. Wong Ah Yeo Drought for his witness John C. Baptiste, a half blood, his mother having been Chinese and his father Portuguese. Both Wong Ah Yee and Baptiste auswered theusual questions put to them by Judge Larromore in remurkebly clear and grammatical English, and with an apparently thorough compre- hension of the proceeding. ‘The applicant said he had Deen a resident of New York for the past eight years and had declared his intention of becoming u citizen. of the United States two years ago. When about to be sworn in by the clerk of the court Wong Ah Yeo was questioned closely as to his religious views and his ef in a future state of rewards and punisinnents. He said he believed in the existence of a Supreme Being, and thought he should be pun- ished it he did wrong and rewarded if he did right, It was then ascertained that he was married to ap Irishwoman and was dofng a good cigar-making busi- ness in Baxter street. Mr, Jarvis, the clerk of the court, in answer to the ueries of the HeKxaLp reporter said that he believed that Wong Ah Yee had not tiken this step for the mere purpose of exercising his right to vote, but that his main object was to hold ‘the property whicll he had acquired by his thrift and industry during his residence in this country. Mr. Jarvis said farther that he saw no reason why Chinamen should not be natural They had¢admitted in that court, he addoed, Turks, Persians, Malays, Asiatics and Japanese, all of whom were as highly colored as the Chinaman. ¥ORMER APPLICATIONS DENIED. ‘Two cases in the United States courts have been pussed upon denying the rights of Chinamen to citizenship—one in California and one in this Site. ‘The California case is @ very noted one. Ah Yup applicd for naturalization in the United States Circuit Court, before Judge Sawyer, but the application was denied on the ground that a na- tive of China of the Mongolian race is not entitled to become a citizen of the United States under the Re- vised Statutes, as amended in 1375, because a Monge. lian is not a “‘white person” within the meaning of the teri as used in the naturalization laws of the United States. THE CASE OF AH YUP. Judge Sawyer neld that the term ‘‘white person” ap- plied only to the Caucasian race, and said it was so ‘understood in popular language, in literature, and in scientific nomenclature, It was never understood that this term should include Mongolians, but, ou the con- trary, all the proceedings of Congress show that the Mo! race wus meant to ve excluded, At the time of the amendment, in 1870, extending the naturalization laws to the African race My. Sumner made repeated and strenuous efforts to strike out the word ‘‘white” and was opposed on the sole ground that the etlect would be to wuthorize the admission of Cuinese to citizenship. Every Senator who spoke on the subject assumed that they were then es- cluded by the term “white person” and that the amendment would admit them. ‘The amend- ment was advocated on the one hand and opposed on the other upon that single idea, “It is clear from. these proceedings,’ Judge Sawyer held, “that Con- ess retained the word ‘white’ in the naturalization laws for the sole purpose of excluding the Chinese trom the right of uaturalization.”’ The Court, there- fore, ruled that a native of China of theJMongolian race is not @ white person within the meaning of the act. ‘ JUDGK CHOATK'’S DECISION. ‘This decision was made last April and at once be- came a precedent for the courts in other parts of the country. On the 10th of July Charles Miller, a Chinaman, who has resided in this city twenty-eig! years and who came here when he was under eignt- een years of aye, made application for natu- ralization before Judge Choate, in the Cir. cuit Court. Miller's application was made for the purpose of enabling him to devise his rea) estate when he dies, but Jad Choate denied the ap- jon on the same ground as that taken by Judge rin the case of Ah Yup. It is im the face of these causes and of this construction of the law that the Court of Common Pleas acted yosterday im ad- mitting Wong Ab Lee to citizenship, the ruling of the State Court being in exact opposition to that of the federal court here and in California. JUDGE LARRKMORE'S REASONS, Judge Lurremore was found at his private resi. dence, iust Sixtieth street, last night by a Henatp reporter, who said:—With your permission 1 would like to inquire futo the particulars of the case of Wong Ah Lee. What has been the practice of the courts up to this period?” “Well,’ replied the Judge, “the courta have usually declined to naturalize Chinamen or any of the MOngolian race, on the ground that they were mither white nor black and aid not enter into the provisions of the constitution.” “On what principle was your action in the present instance based?” “This may came to me and demanded as a right that he should be naturalized, 1 cousidered that he was either white or black, and that he must come within one or the other provision of the Constitution, Thad heard that Choate had declined to na- turalize @ Chinaman, und 1 sent him a note him about it. Lusked him upon what case he reli for the exclusion of Chinamen for purposes of uw turalization.” “What was his reply?” “He referred me to the case of Ah Yup, reported in the /ucifie Coast Law Journal, volume 1, page 195, He waid that he followed that decision in a case in this district, but wrote no opinion, If. he had written an opinion I would have felt bound t0 follow it out of courtesy, as we always seck to have anitormity in our courty in these matters.” WANTED, A TEST CASE, “What was your object in granting the papers * “We want to have the inatter tested,” said the Judge, thoughtfully, “In order to have this done somebody had to beaaturalized or refused Spaniard,’ said the Judge. “I have seen Spaniards, West India ‘uen, just about the same type. He was a bright, in- telligent man, and talked English as well us Edo. Altogether, I ught I would give this matter a chance to be aired. It is a pretty serious question.” “What do you suppose will be the resulty” “Lido not kb whether there will be any objec- T issued the papers intending. to make a “It may come up if he should try to exercise the elective franchise. If he should try to vote he might be challenzed, ‘Then he could get a writ of mandamus from the courts against the inspectors of election and the matter would come up regularly, J think this case in California may ,o to the United States Court.” “Are there not certain disabilities under which all foreigners labor in common?” “There are some queer provisions in the Revised Statutes in relation to aliens, ‘They cannot hold real estate or be elected to otlice."* “Perhaps he wants to be elected alderman, Judge?* “Well, it may be so. Ldo not know the exact pur- pose for which he applied tor the papers. He is un- doubtedly yoing to use them for some particular pur- pose. It is a very interesting question; tor if these AMongolians should come down upon us ine stream it would be as the toy ae came down like a wolf on the fold, ‘They would eat us up.” TU THR COURT OF APPEALS. “Woul| there be any appesl from the State to the United States Courts?" “1 think that if this case were carried to the high- est court in the State it would, view of the great constitutional questions involved, direct that the case should be carried the Court of Appeais of the United States. It is John Chinaman standing up to become an American citiven, If negroes are admitted and all other toreigners, I don't know upon what grownd we could puta refusal to Chinamen. The coustitution pro- vides for fo other classes of color than white und Diack, and L hold thas Chinamen must come within one or the other,” “Was it not the intention of the Coundors of the constitution taat this country should be inhabited exchisively by a white monogumist people?” “There is no evidence of such an intention except the debates in the Constitutional Convention. ‘Those propositions were net adopted. It is sometimes necessary to go to these debates to interpret the laws as eveutaally + but iu this case the vpinicns of the founders of ustitution whether cutee should oh re control the law unless there was ambiguity in the law then te tabetee Mon wo! be of yrest importance,’