The New York Herald Newspaper, April 19, 1877, Page 4

4 KING COTTON Importance of the Royal Com- modity to Humanity, A STANDARD OF ” NATIONAL GREATNESS. Comparative View of American Produc- tion and Manufacture. FROM THE BALE TO THE SPINDLE. coe The Facts of the Fresent and Possibilities of the Future. —— Among tho leading articles exhibited at the recent vetitennial Exhibition in Philadelphia none attracted moro attention than the cotton fabrics of the United Statea, lnevery re-pect the exhibit was admirable andcomplete, und where ali the fabrics were 0 good It was exceedingly dificult for the judges, of whom the writer was one, to discriminate among them for the purpose of making awards. From Connecticut came | the fuest yarn ever spun in the United States, No, 400, spun by the Willimantic Thread Company; from Rhode Istand the finest fabric ever woven in tho country, a satteon Joan mado by the Berkeley Mills, which none but au expert could distinguish frum a nlk; the warp No, 100, the weit No, 150 and the ebreads to the inch 96350, RXUMMIT OF FOREIGN NATIONS, It was to be regretted that the exhibit of cotton fabrics from other countries was insullicient fora fair comparison, England was represented only by a tew specimens of bleached and printed cotton goods of Superior quality. Her great variety of common fabrics mado for caport were not exhibited at all, France contributed only fine lawns and prints, but no épecimens of her most excelleat goods for comthon service; Switzerland, Belgium, Hol- land, Portugal, Italy and Sweden a few specimens each of plain and printed goods. Amoug all the cotton goods from abroad none attracted more attention for excellence in manufacture and coloring than those irom Spun and Russia, Canada exhibited beavy, well made goods; Japan curious hand made rugs, but China bore off the palm fur the wonderiul depth of color im- parted to the common hand-spun fabrics of which the tlothing of her people maimiy consiats. In tho art ot ¢yeing cotton in the piece we have yet much to learn from China, But in solid, substantial wnd usefal cotton goods the excellence of the exhibit of the United States altructed universal attention and it cannot be doubted that the Centennial Exhibition will mark a pew era in this as in many other branches of our industry, The commanding position of the United States in re- spret to the production of cotton, has long been ud- mitted, but it gems probabie that fow even of the | manulacturers themselves have been tully aware of the strong position tu which the cotton manufacturers of the Uutted States now stand in rolation to other sountries, A UISTORY OF COTTON. The subject of the production of cotton opens so wide a fleld that itis hard to know where to begin or end, There is no other product that bas had so po- tent and malign an influence in the past upon the his- tory and institutions of the land, and perhaps no other ba which its future material welfaro may more de- pend. Cotton belongs to this continent. When the 3paniards first entered Mexico the natives were found to be clothed im cotton, and the art of weaving and dyeing had been carried to a high state of pertec- tion for that time among them. Then as now the best and most proitc varietics of the cotton plant existed Where, and the plant is doubtiess indigenous tn Mex- Jeo, In tho United States a century ago cotton was scarcely known 4s un importaut production, and not until the invention of the saw gin by El Whitmey in | 1792 did it become so; that invention renewed the Ife | of slavery. ‘To-day the United States furnish all the cotton used im their = own tine ms and in Canada, and nearly three-iourths the quantity consumed in their own limits und in Europe combined. ‘here are no data by which the quantity produced and consumed elsewhere can bo de- termined accurately, the production of Asia and Africa being unknown; bat the Inbabitants of these two cun- tinents are clothed in cotton, to a very large extent, of thet own production and manufacture. COTTON MANUFACTURE, In respect to the cotton manulucture the world may be divided into two sections—tuat which still adheres to the hand work, and which i by far the lurgest and Most populous section, and that which uses complex tnachinery worked by water or steam power, It 1s non to name the divisions “civilized” and “un- ervilrzed;'’ bat if there bad beeu no previous reason for hesitating to apply these terms the wonderful ex- Livition from China and Japan at Philadelphia might well teach us a lesson in modesty. Among the machine-using nations it may, perhaps, be rightly claimed that the United States tuke the lead, not that we can assert superiority in all, or perbaps in any, special machines, but that our peopte adopt ma- chipery more quickly than others, and adapt it to a greater variety of purposes. The object of this paper is to mark the progress we have made in the cultiva- {ion of cotton and in the application of machinery to its manufacture, and algo to forecast the work we may have yet to do. COMPARATIVE IMPORTANCE OF FABRICS, Among the three common tvres—wool, tlax and cot- ton—which constitute the principal materials for the clothing of the human race, cotton is (he most impor- tant, becuuse it is ready tor treatment by machinery s00n as it is gathered ; because its conversion Into cloth is least costly, and because its use for clothing is most conducive to health tn respect vw the largest portion of the population of the world. Itis a non-conductor of beat and of electricity, while Jax 1s the reverse; it (s easy to spin because nature begins to twist tin the boll, and each fibro is like a twisted ribbon, a litte thicker at the edges thav in the middie; bence the Hbres inter! and adhere to each other w their very points. The great inventions in cotton spinning have not been im the twisting, which is a comparatively Binple matter whether compassed upon one spindle | or many, bat fn the extension of the strand both bélore aud ulter the twisting begins, PROCKSSES OF PREPARATION, The processes applied to the tbre in order to convert the bale of cotton into yarn tor weaving are of three kinds—first, to clean and straighten the bres and jay them alongside euch other im aw thick and heavy strand; second, to extond that strand with ® constant doubling of two or more ends Into one in order to got the sirund even; aod third, to combine the iuriher extension doubling of the strands with the twisting. The ex- treme accuracy required tu the working of the ma chinery will be best appreciated {rom the fact that the No, 14 yurn, of which the coarse standard stucting i made, weighs sixty-bundrediie of a gram to ono yard, walle the yarn iv a common lawn of which a Woman's suinmer dress i# made, No, 70, weighs twelve huudredths of a grain. It follows that all the complex machinery and the twelve to fifteen processes through which the cotton must pass from the bale to the spiodie are worked within the limit of about balt » jrain im the result, the two numbers named represent hg substantially the whole cotton spinning of the | United States, The number indicates the number of or banks of 840 yards each tn ome pound avoir. 4, Or 7,000 Troy grains, the cotton spianers’ tables being based on Troy grains and avoirdupois ounces ane pounds If we consider our production of cotton in the light of a service rendered, we then Hud that it stands fret im rank amoug the material serviovs whic to humanity, In the cotvon tuctorios of E rope and the United States there are a littie over 68,000,000 spindies, worked by about 1,000,000 nen, women and children, In the operation of chose spindles a little more (han 6,000,000 bales of cotton, of the average weight of Amer.cun bales, aro annusily converted ivto 10,000, 000,000 yurds of cloth, averaging one yard wide and jour yurds to the pound, or ten pounds to a piece of forty yards, of into the equivalent of such eloth in other wbrice, As nearly as the writ mn ascertain, ‘the iabric called by the trade a« (our-yard sheeting is | | cent of its area it last year produced one-half of all the NEW YORK HERALD, THU. about the average fabric made on the cotton spindles of the world, In this country the average would be heavier; in Great Britain lighter. The fabric made by the Lawrence Manufacturing Company, known as LL, 18 a representative of this average. This quantity of cloth would turnish 500,000,000 per. sons five pounds or twenty yards each anpually. O! the 6,000,000 bales of cotton the United States now fur- nish about 4,500,000 in each year, und our proportion is year by year tncreasing. Tue eight last crops, raised by the Jabor of freemen, exceed the eight last crops before our civil war, then raised mainly by the labor of slaves, in the number of more than 1,600,000 bales, If, then, it 18a service to men to provide for them the largest quantity of the material that best meets their need for clot! > a this one respect our rank 1s assured. AMERICAN CAPABILITIES, ‘Thon let us mark the extent to which we have yet treuched upon our resources, In this production less than two per cent of the area of tho cotton States are now used, What we may yet accomplish may be better comprehended by considering the condition of a singio State, We will select Texas as being the State now making the most rapid progress in population, production and wealth. Few persons can realize the (ucts in regard to this great State except by comparison. In area it exceeds the German Empire by about 60,000 square wiles; ithas land and climate titted for the growing of almost all the products of the temperate zone; it 18 underlain to a Jarge extent with coal But, in respect to cottou, on lesy thau one-half of one per cotton consumed in the United States, and four per cent of its area would be capable of producing all the cotion now consumed in Europe and the United States, or 6,000,000 bales, Whenever the fertile land of Texas, which constitutes nearly three-fourths its area, 18 settled with the same dousity of population as Massa- chusetts, one person to each three acres, it will con- tain nearly 40,000,000 people. Under what conditions 1s this work of cotton produc- tion now accomplished or yot to be dove? No longer by the forced labor of the slave upon the plantation, but by the lubor of freemen und largely of treeholders on the furm, In mostof the Staves where tt is now grown, cotton constitutes the salable or money crop | of the farmer, who, ju other respects, is becoming en- tirely independent as to his subsistence, Raising food | and meat to a greater extent than’ever betore, the Southern (armer sult fins in cotton the means where with to furnish himself with money for other pur- chases, Cotton being therefore more und more the surplus cropor profitot the farmer us distinguished from the plinter of old time it becomes more dificult to determine its cost, its annaal quantity until each year’s crop bas been ac- tually delivered; or the price at which its pro- duction will bo checked, Ih Texus, the State that has ucreased its crop about eighty per cent over the largest ante-wur crop, by far the largest portion ts now raised by farmers owning their own lands. Hor last crop was nearly 700,000 bales, and within ene or two years at farthest it will be 1,000,000, mostly cultivated by white inbor. COST OF PRODUCTION, In answer to a very extended inquiry lately made the writer hus received estimates of the cost of the production of cotton ranging trom six to fifteen cents per pound, the lutier cost, however, having been given | by one who on 600 acres of land made only four bales the previous year. The geveral range of the estinimies Of cost Were six to ten cents, But one answer to the question of cost was the most signilicant, Ove said:—"1 have a nephow twenty years of age who, without the least detriment to tis schooling, and work- ing Suturdays, produced tour bales of cottou.’? It may be asked what did this lad’s cotton cost to produce? ‘The average estiuate of cost Is nine and six-teath cents per pound; those who give the higher rates basing their estimates upon the purchase of provisions at present prices; those who give the estimates of six to seven ceats basing them upon provisions being raised on the same farm, ‘The significant fact in alt the estim: is that the lowest come from Texas, North Carolina and Georgia, which aro essenually furming States, while the highest come from Mississippi upd Lousiana, the Staes which were formerly par eacellence the country of the large plauters. IMPROVEMENTS. According to these returns, the centennial year Is alyo marked by greater improvements thun ever bo. tore in the welectivn of seed, in the improvement of toois, mm the use of fertilizers aud in the average crop per ucre, positive evidence having been giver of the production of 2,400 pounds of Lint or eleau cotton on a single measured ucre in Georgia, It was not claimed that this bad been or could be profitable, but it is sig- nificant of the experiments that are bemg tried in muny places, ‘The average estitates of profitable work range {gom 40910 1,000 pounds of Unt or clean cotton per acre, according to the quality of the soil and the kind of work done or the fertilizers used. ‘Tho last ten years have also witnessed the conversion of the seed of the cotton plant into many usetul articles but hittie known belore, In respect to the estimates of the cost of raising cotton it does not yet appear that any very accurate data exist under the now system; skilful men, who, immediately after the war, feared utter ruin unless the price could bo maintained at twenty cents per pound, now admit having made a fair profitatten cents, It may bo doubled whether the cout can ever be defined, Hf the farmer can raise an amp'e supply of grain, veg- ¢tables, meat and fruit for subsistence, und can also produce more or less cotten tor sale, the cotton repre- sents profit or surplus rather than cost, and under such circumstances its production woald not cease, al- though it might be checked, even if it should decline to six or eight cents per pound, OLD AND NEW METHODS, The future imcressed production of cotton in tho United St and the time within which our staple will take the place of all mferior grades is, there- fore, only a question of numbers aad intelligence. In respect to intelligence it is not to be questioned that the planter of old time had far more skill than many of the Jarmers of the present day, but the system of javor to which thut skill was applied imposed bad con- ditions that could not be surmounted, uod it enforced the use of toolaand mothods unfit for the purpose. ‘Theso methods may have assured prosperity to the few at the costof the many, but it was the high price and pot the low price of cotton that limited the exten- sion of the crop, Twenty y tuce every bale that could be made by the force then upon the cotton fleld was required for use, and under the steadily advancing price the capital needed for openiug new fields as steadily incroased with te advancing price of slaves, until, 10 1860, it cost fifty per cout more to buy and stock ” cotton plantation to raise the cottun for a given factory than it did to bad the mill and fill it with machinery. All this bas changed and in the | five years last passed more than a million persons have migrated from other States or {rom abroad to the foruile lauds of Texas, and the independent freeholder witlonly be prevented from making more and more cotton each year by the low price und not by the high p that 1 may bring, That no such check is very | near may presently be made apparent, IMPROVEMENTS NERDED, In ope respect great linprovement is needed, and but little bas yet been made. The separation of the lint from the seod is the process that should be iwost tilly acvomplished, but which is now most radely done. The best saw gin of the usual construction, un- less carefully attended, tei breaks, doubios and otherwise injures the staple, and but a small proportion of tho cotton now made Is delivered to the spinuer in the best condition, Two new cotton ginv were exhibited at Philadelphia, which promiso excellent resalts—the roller gin made by Mesora. Piatt | Bros, & Cu, of England, and the needle point gin made by the Messrs, Kemington, of Loo, N.Y. It these machines can be made to produce quantity tn ratio to the quality of the staple which they deliver, their wide introduction cannot be long delayed, PACKING, 40, The method of packing, covering and handling cot- ton in the United States is now unfit in tho extreme, and as the competition becomes greater with declining prices it i# to be hoped and expected that better methods will be adopted. At present it is alleged thut | it 18 not prodtavle to atrempt better methods, but the time cannot be far disiaut whem the bale of cotton | will be as carefully prepared and protected us the bale of cotton fabrics. Such care and attention was formerly impossible, It inust be remoinvered | that the slave system repelled and degraded tree labor; | its mahgn effect was never more versely expre than by Henry A. Wise, of Virginia, who said, negroes skin the jand and the white met skin the ne. groca.”” Butall this has passed by, and the professor most of a South Carolina college who Was sent out of the | 1,000,000 men K was presented to him, ‘This is not what South Caro- hina wants—she needs manure,’? is now engaged in providing that valuable commodity, being at tho head of one of the large works established since the war for converting the phosphatic rocks that underlie her coast Janda into the material that her exhausted soil so much required. THR GOOD TiM® COMING, With local sell-government agsured and the colored race lully protected by the urgent competition tor their iabor, it cannot now be doubted that the fertile soil and the mild climate of the South will soon attract to other portions as large an immigration as is uow pouring into Tex: and ae new branches of \o- dustry are established und a more dense population grows up or comes in, even though the egro should quit tho fields and take to other occupations in towns aud villages, as it is alleged be will do, iuere oan be no doubt of the continued Increase of the cotton crop. THE RAILROAD STRIKE, DETERMINATION OF THE ENGINRERS NOT TO BE COERCED—THEY STAND BY THEIR UNION AT ALL HAZARDS. PULADRLPATA, April 18, 1877, The men who have loft the employ of the Philadel- phia and Readivg Railroad Company in. prefercuce to complying with the demandsof that powerful corpora- tion, that its engincers should renounce membership in the “Brotherhood,” with ité promised benefits in the way of lilo insurance, &c., are still Armly holding ou ‘They state thas they are receiving large accessions to their ranks, and the number of men at the Merchants’ Hotel, where they meet, increases daily, To-day over one hundred men were gathered there, discussing the situation in a quiet aud orderly way. They state that thirteen engines bave thus far been “burnt? by Inex- perienced hands, causing great loss to the company. GHORGH FRANCIS TRALN’S POSITION, ! ‘The managers of the striking engineers are exceod- ingly carelul what company they keep, Mr, George Francis ‘Train, having endeavored to mako capital out of the strike and advertise tis “lecture” bere this evening by championing the cause of the engmeers, the Grievance Committee of the Brotherhood this alternoon passed the tollowing resolution :— Whereas, ¥. Train’ has Waned a hanabitt satis that “the m he notited the Bratherhyod! thas he had 0 bat in, e., they struck,” e. that we deem ft only jst tu inform the public | ot Authoring bisn to take up our cause, dud the is entirely orlinal with him, PRESIDENT GOWEN ANSWERED, The committee ot theengineors this aiternoun pre- pared the following statemeut in answer to the volum- inous attack on the Brotuerhood prepared by Mr. Gowen, the president of the railroad company, and ed in full in the Philadelphia papers :— thar id ‘suid circular st n- ment of Mr. eet and esteem of rly vil the raiirout evmpan bus. sard, unfortunately it hus d-generated awe bow to dilfer with Mr, Gowen, ro tunion te-day than it was the day [twas founded, but we, as locomotive engineers, consider that we have sume Figi.te nul berties that our enployerd ought to recognize, nnd wherever out committees have been, met and wfaie un Uerstanding ureived ata has alwavs and evorytulug wi ly. Ale. further states that M dad Me nentirely uufi told arbitrary power, json proved recreant Arthur, omni sibsttfoted i t st rap axed tnt ty Ae reihd to uccoutits ot th ett further ty . Another tuilsrepresentation. It ia no more oathbound to-day than it was the day it ¢ intoexistence in Vetrolt, Mich, To be sure we have tion similar to that taken by the Odd Fellows, of Pethias or any other beneficial association rselvew ty stand by ard support one he welfare of the widows and or- 1 ol, t Fr ns Gowen further stutes that Mr. Arthur, stated that iy by waving his hund he could stp every road runuing Moston, Sotso. Mr Arthiir never mide sueh ah as 2 4 on mivad the com- it viticers und ehileavor, if onsible, to settle it, wil alter exhuusting «ll hon effect ® compromina Mr, Arth for, not ayn dictator, but uss mediator, Ifthe committee and Mr, Arthur fail ty effect a settlement he returns anditthe nen on the Hine ofthe road are not sachets request him to do so, he cunvenes the Cominiti Mr. Arthur being one of them andit they vote to suseui if we see ft, or leave it or uo other man oF se 4 compel us 10 si Mr, Gowen further states that authentic information that their company was to be the next victim, Another misteprexontation, THM ATTACK ON THK MEN, ‘The issuance of this infurnous circular has been the cause of this trouble. road are receiving less into Philad Ipita. Por ten y ‘The engineers running on the Rexding pay tat other road ranning ic rst class passenxer Penn: r ference of $1 05 ; ¢ m. Freight enxinerrs received from $2 81 to 207, while on the Pennsylvania Rallrond they reeeived, we think, $4 20, But with ail this difference in our pay we silll worded honestly tor, the company, and to their Interest by wateuing our brothers, und If any of them were ything dishonorable they were puniyhed and re- the officials, A promi olficial told the writer 8 engineers, as we did it engi ia Central t ported t that be bi tor hin. We inerely make thls statemont to the pubite to lot them Know that this Is no one man power orcanization, and that no one man enn, by w singe wave of iis lund, stop the wuole railroad sfadie of the country oF of any single rall- rond in it. ad no need of watehing THK OTHER SIDE. The company’s ollicials claim that everythin: working smoothly and show the lollowing despat in proot of it:— Mr. F. B, Gowxn:— We got through very well yesterday with all schedule tratus und bad twenty-two down coal trains nnd tw cont trains, No xccidents ofany kind. Nearly ali freight train condactors and brakemen on the lit Harrisburg wad Allentown have ute efforts ure being mad will not avail. Our greatest ea It successful in this respect our troubles will be soon over Ruapixa, April 18, 1877, Following this was another from the Division Super. intendeut of the Shamokin Branch, as follows:— MAMANOY PLANx, April 18, 1877, F, B, Gowkx:— The new engineers y work assizned them like veterans. & moment's detention of w nay, Gordon and Shamokin clare that they will eontin saries trom main line wre here trying to yet my strike. Tum in hopes that they won't succeed, Co: ty brisk d y territory Festerda J. HO. CHAU ut to work on Monday are doing the ve not hud So fur lh ORDER TO BE PRESERVED. Haraisnona, Pa., April 18, 1877. Wilhtam H. Parker, chairman of the Committee of Engineers at Philadelphia, telegraphed to Governor Hartranft toeday to have ali the special policemen up- pointed that the Reading Railroad Company may de sire, He also requests that if any engineers are de- tected im the act of molesting any of the company’s pfesent employés they be arrested and sammuarily punished, as it is the imperative order of the Brother hood that all members shail be peaceable, ARMY INTELLIGENCE. LEAVE OF ABSENCE—ORDERS MENTS. WasntnGtox, April 18, 1877. By direction of the Secretary of War leave of ab- sence for two mouths, with permission to apply for two months’ extension, has been granted to Lieuten- ant Colonel Jobn Newton, Engineer Corps, the officer iu charge of the Euet River improvements, New York Harbor, und be has permission to visit Europe. AND ASSIGN- Captain Thomas Wilsov, Commissary of Subsisteu bas mod to temporary duty n& purchasing and depot sary, us Boston, Masy., reheving Major 6. Du Barry at that post. Major M. R. Morgan, Commissary of Subsistence, New York city, nas been ordered to report in person to the Commissary Gen- eral of Subsistence, in this city, and upon the com- pletion of his duties here to return to his station in New York. NAVAL INTELLIGLNCE, MOVEMENTS OF NATIONAL VESSELS—ORDERS, Wasuivorox, April 18, 1877, The new sloop-of-war Ranger, now at New York, has been ordered to proceed to sea immediately, As here- tofore stated, sho will join the Asiatic station, ‘Tho Despatch, now at the Washington Navy Yara, will gail for Norfolk to-morrow, and in a few days will sail trom that port tor Constantinople, onDERS, Muster Henry [), Green, Guaner Jobn F. Foster, Car- nter Edward H. Hay and Sailmaker Jonn 8. Frank- Mas. ih #re ordered to the Saratoga, at Washington, ter Perrin Bushee and Ensign Witliam H. detached from the Naval Observatory. Master W, Bartiett ix detached from the Hydrographic Ofllce and ordered to the Saratoga, Passed Assistant Sur- geon H. C. Eckstein Is ordered to the Naval Hospital at Philadelphi Boston, Mass., April 18, 1877, The Herald of to-day says :—"Edward 8. Rand, Jr, o Jawyor of high standing in this city, and oue of tho best known authors of horticultural works in America, wos lodged in jal at Dedham, Mass,, by bis bondsmen,”” The Herald atieges that Rand's finanetal transactions have been moat criminal und bave been brought about by extravagant living and expenditures tor groen- houses, &c, He ix also trustee tor states, some of whieh may be heavily involved. OFFICIAL VECULATION PUNISHED, Wirkesmarex, Pa,, April 18, 1877. AboUt twelve oF lourteeu months ngo Messrs, Dick- son & Paine, attorneys in this piace, commen: ed suits | Ayuinst the rig ollictls of this county, Who bad been steaiing public funds, AN were prosecated toa sac. | tessf¥l Conclusion Without a single error, and to-day the last cuse was closed ugaipst Goamy Audnor J, C. Coon, Who pleaded guilty as ebarged, and was sen. teweed by Judge Harding to pay a tine of $6,400 and | newspaper AMUSEMENTS. “pon Cantos” aT THE ACADEMY. In point of numbers the audience at tho Academy of Music Jast night was equal to that of any of the previous performances of “Dou Carlos,” and this is a proof tbat tbe reduction of prices was wise, For, although the attendance was not —inereased. it should be considered that the etorm—as different | from our April showers: as Verdi ts irom Wag- ner—doubtiess kept bundreds of ‘suns uway. Jn these days any lowering tho rates of ‘admission to ‘pint of amusement must apprectated by tho public, and the wisdom of their course will, we trust, be shown to tho maniyers of the opera before the close of the season. ‘Don Carlos’ was sung with much spirit and received much ap- plause, ITALIAN OPERA, “Rigoletto” will be produced on Friday night at the Academy of Muste, aid ob Sutumay ‘Don Carios’’ will be repeated for the tust time at the matinge. ‘The members of the Italian company intend offering to the directors, Messrs, Albites and Palmieri, a complimen- tary concert on next Sunday evening, On this occasion Rossini’s ‘Stabat Mater” will be given, Joctiona from Gounod, Bellini and Doviaetti will make up the programme. Mme. Palmieri will also sing the grand ana, ‘‘Hear Ye Israel,” irom Mendeissoln’s overture to “Elijub."? MISS KELLOGG IN BROOKLYN. The “Star of the North” was produced last evening atthe New Park Theatre, in Brooklyn. De: rain « fair audience was assembled to hour Mi: loge in her réle of Caterina, Miss Kellogg acquitted herself creditably, although this réle is not nvarly so well suited to ber si of singing and acting as others to her répertoire, e rémuinder of the cast do not. call for especial comment, but it shail bo noted that the male chorus ts simply vile and tuat the manage. ment could weil aiford to improve it The orchestra was lamentable, and the scenic arrangements gave rise to some excessively ludicrous mishaps which uffurded the audience some unlooked for amusement. MUSICAL AND DKAMATIC NOTES, Mauzali’s now opora, ‘Adela. W’ Astaria,” was hissed off the stigo at Modena, A sacred cantata, entitled, “Christian, the Pilgrim,” has been composed by Mr, Wilited Morgs The regimental bands are agaiti playing in the pub- Me parks jor the amusement otf tho Parisiaus, #189 Adelaide Neilson concluded hor engagement at McCullough’s theatre, San Francisco, last hight, Caroline Unger, a well-known prima douua, died lately ut Florence. Muny years ago sue retired irom tho stage, A wew opera, by Lecocq, will be produced at the Paria Varieties in October, Lt is called ‘1.0 Grand Frederic.” Signor Petrella, au Itallan composer of some note, is at the point of death. The King of Ltuly sent bim 1,000 lire, ag he 48 véry poor, Offenbach bas been ofered 100,000 franca a year by the shareholders of the Komische Oper, at Vienna, to act us director of that house, itis rumored that Ambroise Thomas has withdrawn hia “Francoise de Riinini”? from the Grand Opera and that 1 will be produced in 1878 at the Theatre Italien, with Mme. Nilsson in the leading character. Among the many attractions of Mr. Joseph H. | Tooker’s benefit this afterdvon at Booth’s Theatre will be wis own appearance in the farce of “Slasher and Crasher,” supported by Messrs Stuart Robson aod Crave, Among the birthday presents received by the Em- peror of Germany was a collection of autographic manuscripts, including two qaiotets by Spour, a grand air by Weber, a pianciorte proce by Lhalberg and a symphony by Schubert, The collection cousists of four volumes, and its most curious parts are tho sketches tor Beethoven's Kighth Symphony. The cast of “The Shaugbraun,” at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, is almost entirely pew, and 1s quite strong, Mr, Harry Meredith plays the réle of the priest—originally —acied by Mr. John Gilbert—ddmirably, aod Mr. James performs the youug Kogiish Captain to ex- cellent style. Tho ladies who Dave iinportant parts in this comedy ate good, as may be casily understood when Miss Katherine Rogers, Miss Kate Girard aad Mme. Ponial are in the cast. MISS LENNOX AND THE LYCEUM. To Tux Epitor ov tur Heraty:— The pertormance ot “Camille,” with Miss Adelaide Lennox in the title rdle aunounced fur the Lyceum ‘Theatre for Monday evening, will take place on Satar- day evening, the 21st inet., through the kindness of Mr, Jos Hart, of the Eugle Theatre, Mr. Hart, on & previous occasion, munifested a kindly spirit toward Miss Lennox, aud now he generously volun- teers to pay the rent of the theatre'in her behall. 1 deem the occasion a Atting opportunity for a full ex- planation of all the circamstances attending that uo- fortunate affair, When f was the dramatic critic of a leading journal 1 saw Miss Lonnox act ut the Grand Opera House and was very much impressed with tho evidences of her art and her geniua, Subsequently my acquantance was suught for her by a very worthy gentleman for the purpose of bring- ug a play in her possersion to the attention of the New York managers. All I have to say in re- lation to the play is that {t was a dramatization which surprised me by its strength und power, uod that tt was shown to #X Mabagers tu successivn, Wu all acknowledged its merits in the strongest terms, but Mt had not some weil 1 then sought to aiter by Uoding an engager this 1 was equally unsuccessiul, ‘Tbe reason for it was simply that Miss Leunox is a viruous and aecom- pushed Indy, who belougs to ne chque or party, aud who resorts to ho disreputable means to gain ber cuds. As lume wore on the necessity of Huding her employment became more and more imperative, The means which she bad brought with her trom Bagland were becoming exhaust A uhiet who was domiciled im the her envered ber room aud robbed mounting to neurly $6,000, apd although the lice 1m the world” was uppeated to no trace hus ever been found ciher of the fugiive criminal or the prop- erty, At last occasivoal remittances. were all upon which she had tw depend, Became itn poss:ble tor her, because she hud then been go Jong off Woe stage that managers averred they could not engage her, because they had wot secu ner, The whole purpose vf the coutemplated periormance ud au engagement at tho Lyceum was to enable her to be ween by the public and the profession in a part which would be a crucmi tose of hwr abilities, The Lyceum Theatre was taken Jor the purpose in spite of tue Damosictun sword which sevius to Lung over it, because tt Was tho only one which coud be obluined. The undertaking was one Of great magnitude, but Lentered upon tt gladly, kuowing thut f was doing o good dved jor a good woman. | uppenied to my acquaintances aud iriends in ber beball, humitavug myself betore them as [| never bumitaed = myseil betore man beiore, aud met With many geuCrous respouses. Through the universal kinduess extended wo me L wo able 10 muke every provision for the vecasou, one respect, however, | was disappointed. Virion 1 bad made tor the rent of the theatre at ub Ubexpected invmMent aud 10 Lue Very Crisis Of Lhe uodertaking. In this emergency & appealed lo Mr. Kingslund, the ageut of Wie theatre, bustin vain, Loflered uim an indorsed note, but he retused it. He even said @ check for the amount would uot ve sufll- cient. When the people vegan to collect at the theatre 1 hto Mr. Citic, the janitor, aud ollered bin secu. ri worth live times the reat to open the doors aud also asked bin w pat his som jo the box ollce w receive the money as it came into the bow ubtil the reut was paid. but the cry Was cush, cash, When there was no cash, and Miss Lennox was deprived of the opportunity of « lile- me by the hardoess aud cruelty which wet ber ou that occasion, Whatever responsibility or biame at- taches to the fatluro belongs to me, and all that 1 ask now 1 that Mise Lennox be judged kindly and gener. ously, aud that all Who uave avy cause of complaint will come to me, G, UO. SKILMAMBR, No 472 West Twonty-fourth street, A CARD FROM MANAGER HAR‘. New York, April 18, 1877, To tux Eprtor or Tux HxKaio:— As my entire silence would imply that the things set forth in an vpen letter in your paper of yesterday were true, I beg to state that the signer of that lotter was served by mo With papers in 4 suit for damages on Tuesday, 17th ist. Suen being the cuse, and desirin no tee udvertising either for myself or my theatre, am fully prepared to awalt the xction of the courts to set moe, as | bolieve they will, right in the mater, Vory respecttully, J03H HART, LEXINGTON AVENUE OPERA HOUSE. WHY THERE WAS NO PERVORMANCE ON MONDAY LisT—MANAGER DE BONAY EXPLAINS, To Truk Evitor or Tur Hrnatp:— Tho Lexington Avenue Opera House was announced to open op Monday, April 16, Mr, © W. Remington, who backed the enterprise, Hud pald for everything in | advance, such as printing, bill posting, house rent, rising, &e., and everything seemed to | go Wil right Ulla few minutes before eight o'clock on the eveping of the 16th, woen several of the company refused to play Ualess they reovived a week's salary in to sufler imprisonment for two years and two months, advance, Mr. Remington refused to accede to such ‘be Milkmaid, Thayer... oe . $150 ‘The Village Blacksimith, Wiggins . 1D | Luverior of a Church ut Liege, Giuisson .. 20 5 | Landscape and tgures, Dis | A Persian Guravun, Pasint. ; Sabin conducted the sale, which was largely attended RSDAY,’ APRIL 19, 1877.-TRIPLE SHEET, the bourse bad to be Previously to this mand an jem ington of the company went to bin ab frat, As soon ag the announce Was tude t there would be no performances dience were vaturally excited, and demanded a per- formance or their money back The former, on ac- eount of the action of the company, gould not be ven, and the later was equally impussible trom the fact that all biil-board und other complimentary tick- ets used Jor adveriising privileges were ali made coed for Monday aight only; cousequentiy, bad Mr. Rem- iwgtou commenced would bave paid out over one hundred dojiars more than was received at the box office, In couclusion, the manager, Mr. John de Bon. ney, begs to ay that he can substantiate every word of the above, sh8 also begs to notily ihe te the box e urada, tekets for Mouday night that he will WA faith toversi aud the orchestra when Seay at ane to Ll P.M. Cotred cance! pecupiary obligations, thus keept with the péolis and himself. - ” ~~ CALIFORNIA. ‘Tho attractions of California, its fruits, nuts, scenery, climate and great farms were duly set forth in two lectures given in tho great ball of Cooper Institute, the first on Tuesday, the other fast evening, by Mr, J. A. Jounson, of San Francisco, The lectures were fully illustrated by stereupticon views of the: most noted features of the country, aud. iruit raising, but growing, .sheep farming, health resorts and tho general charactor of society were some of the topic# discussed, ty anawer to numerous inquiries from the audience, the lecturer advised sich asx ue- sired to settis in California to go 1 colonies, and ho named some of the most successfui of these on- torprist not one of which had been a fail. ure which bad been honestly sud~ taitly up- dertaken, Colonists could purchase lapis cheap aod form just such society as they chose to have, He was pot connected 1 aby Manner with any of the colonits which bave been established or those which are being nor was he the representative of owner, but ho would gladly give any information be could about the best openin; of the kid in the State, He had resided the twelve years, and could not be induced to live in any Other purt of the country, for it a man could make a Iiviog by industry and frugolity in the Eustern Stutes, he would with the same etlort L tet ri¢h in California, while at the same time be would have tho yreat privi- lege of living in one of the best climates on the globe, ARE MATTERS, SALE OF THE CLAGHORN COLBECTION. Notwithstanding the unfavorable weather Association Hall was well titled last’ might on the occasion of te guile of Mr. Claghorn’s pictures, On evéry hand were to be recognized faves familiar to. alt interested in art. Thero were present also a vumber of visitors trom Philadeipbia and Boston, attracted by the reputation of the collection of pictures which .was offyred fof ule. But though there was a goodly repreveutation of Well known tien of wealth the bidding was rather steady than spirited, and the prices reulized, though fair, cannot be considered bigh tn view of the quality of the pictures. This dvoning the second division of the: collection will be sold, aud as it coutains tho really strong works ot the collection it will call out, wo doubt, all the litent enthusiasm of our art patrons, ‘The following, were tho prices real- jd fast night: Fagot Guthorers, Thom, ‘foe New Recruit, Briloun The Bathers, Sieinbrack The Dying Coufession, Schmidt, An the Bernese Alps, Whittridge. ‘Twilgit—View in Rome, Fiawe Rural Feheity, Jaque.. Inder the Elms, Compto-Callx. . he Amanuensis, Fic Port of Taugier, Morvc Springtime, Moreau Grandpw’s Visit, Custan Landscape, Richer. Landscape, with catule, Troyoa, Jahan Peasants, Turquots, View in Aber Valley, North Wales, Ha Retreat of Freebooters, Herbstuoltur. Hop Gatherers, Micheuti, Auvomu inthe Catskills, Giford ‘The First Suow, Gignoux, ‘The Salutation, Compte-Calix, ‘The vell, Kenseth, Evening, Lnness. The Duet, Past o ‘the Vesuvius, Camprian| On the Seine, Do Meagrigny. Coast View, Courbet........00 Nonchalance, Egusquiza, 160 Ju the Woods, Lanner, 255 Landscape, with sheep, 150 Cursosity, Comte... .. 650 ‘The Bowling Alley, Brion. b20 Retigious Festival in the stubl, . 140 The Siesta, Achille. 610 Viow near Cernay, Rousseau 375 Nefence of Sir Hurry Vane, Rotuermel, To Qu the Nile, Fromentin........+ 2,000 View near Alinad, ltuly, Hasettime... . 410 Arcadian Shepherd and Suephordess, Girard 580 Freoch isioners, Madow..... 200 ‘The Amateur Violinist, Escosura, 300 Weist Scenery, Boudiugto: 225 Fording the Stream, Jutsum 265 A Visit to the Ramparts, Vib ee 1,740 View nour Ostend, Herzog .. ‘340 An Lule Fisberman, Blancher 140 ‘As the Uld Cock Crows the Young Oue Learns, BrOWD. ..eseee-reree ‘The Mend cants, O'Kelly Castie Chilion, Lake Geveva, Danby,. ‘You Can’t Pass Here—De Beaumont . Post Veneri, var Spezzia, Ltaly, Achenvash Slave Girl of Circassia, Deveaeux Pensive, Madrazo Clear the Track, ‘The Return trom Hawking, Off Mount Deseri, Boufield Piazzitta, Venice, Stange Lanuscupe and sheep, Bonheur, Moruicg and abet Hart... few jonlton, Luke George, Casilear, Sobtude, Weoer, os . -e pte Flight of th Standard Bearer, Schreye: Going to Church, Scheuseile 4 Sportsman, Brillouin, Betore whe Mirror, Accara, The De Landscape, Wagner Savoyurd Girlin Paris, Bran The Bird Seller, Lebel... THE ALOFSEN LIBRARY. Tho sale of the Alotsen library was begun at the Clinton Hall salesrooms ast eveuimg. The library consists of Works on namismatics, bibhography and genealogy, ana ts particularly rich ih Americana, Mr. by the second hand booksellers of Nassau sitcet, The prices. were ridiculously small, twenty-uve cents being about an average price, Rome sold tor live cents; nearly the largest price of the evening was $4 lor H. Boud’s * Genealogies of the Families aud Du- scendants of Watertown, Mass"? Miss Booth's ‘His tory of New York’’ tere! $3. The sale will be con- tinved to-morrow and wext day, It the books coutinue to sei) ut last vight’s prices the Louk collectors will Und pleaty of bargains, THE RUSSIAN FLEET, Things on board the three vesseig of the Russian ficct looked decidedly Wet yesterday. On account of the rain vory few officers leit their vessels, aud the quota of “liberty” mem were Hot nent on shore for tuoir day's “outing. ”? OF SHAD. en island fishermen made the largest haul of shad yesterday that they have made this season, The drift nets in the Lower Bay took upward of two thou. sand, and nearly one thousand were taken tn the gill nets near Robbins’ Reef, The fish caught 1a the gill nets suid for trom $40 to $60 per huudrea ut Fulion Market St. BERNARD'S CHURCH CONCERT, | A vocal aud jnstramenial concert will be given this evening in St, Bervard’s Hall, West Fourteenth street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues, the proceeds to be given to the pour of the parish. rhe concert wiil be given by the ir of St Bernard's Churen, aided by other protessionul and amateur talent, - SINGULAR FATAL ACCIDENT. Deputy Coroner McWhinuie found by post-mortem examiation yesierday that William Poor, aged tfteon, of No. 31 Attorney street, died of general peritonitis, caused by bis having swallowed a small bone ort time ago, it stuck 10 bis lotestines and Was about aa eighth of an ineb wide and an inch long. lt was not thicker than @ walter. Ho swallowed 1 while dripking soup. JUDGED BY HIS CLOTHES, ‘The clothing store No, 643 Tenth avenue was entered Ou the 4th of April and $75 worth of goods stolen there- Irom, On the 17th of Aprii Morris Levy, of No, 763 Ninth avenue, who 1 employed in the store, saw ono | Of the stolen goods on the person of James Wheon, of | No, 454 West Fifty-tourth street. With Onlicer Burke's assistance Wilson wax secured, Yesterday: tig was arramned at the Fifly-soventh Street Court und held In $2,000. He suit te had bought We coat from a wan | | Who lives in Porty-s nth street PATAL KALLROAD ACCIDENT. Fivsuse, be by Apeit 18, 1877, | plaint in your ouR: 1R COMPLAINT PPRe TEA PEDDLING, . To tue Epiror ov tHe Henaro:— ‘This nuisance ought to be abated, Why does aot Legislature (instead of bothering their heads rapid transit, &¢.), do something to protect Passing ap act making ita law to prohibit tea pediers and other travellers 49 pace the town without a grocer, for instanc rf juudry expenses, These men, bag in hand, peddle tea nd their Wares through the city and are ghe rai op 01 the trade. » Tar! WOODEN HOUSES. To rux Evitog oF tue Hékatp:— ls there yot a law which probibits the erection frame buildings inside the fre limits of the city of New York? There t# a frame building now being built on Ninth avenue, betwoen Forty-ffth and Forty-sixtm Streets, and } suppose 1 Ie done with the consent of the Department of Buildings, Ought this not to be bulla. seeoned Re At broceenr vo be en encom ings 0 to, which ‘are of so sulla rer Hs PORTY-FIFTH STREET. ture DISHONEST TRUSTEES. To Tue LviToR oF THR HekaLD:— Cd 1 nave read everything in your “Complaint Book’? trom mongrel curs down to the gas companies, but have failed to see any complaint against dishonest ox- ecutors or trustees, | understand there isa Lill be- fore the Legislature of this State to provide for such oan elt ne eer vette ee rip Anes . ic Know WhO is reapousibie ¥ ‘ei SUFFEREN. PROTECTION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. holed, ‘To ti Eorroe ov rite Heap; — 8 Can't there be a puliceman stationed on the corner of Fifty-seventh street and Second avenue to protect children going to tho Filty-seveuth st it school ? . F, NOBLE, -To rue Evitor ov Tue Hekaun:— How is that a policeman can’t be stationed on the corner of Fifty-seventh street and Second avenue to protect the children going and coming trom Fifyy- seventh street school? They have policemen stationed atevery other puble school. Are children less value able to uptowa parents than’ to downtown parents? W. G. BLUNOERBURG, SMALL CHANGE. To raw Eviror ov tuk HrraLy:— / Through you | would appeni to the United States government to roleaso us trom that public outsancein the shape of threo and fvo cent silver pieces, I have always been under the linpression that (ractional cur- rency was put into circulation ‘or tho accommeédation of the public, but in this case | think they sorely failed to full their m‘ssion, as L never see them given or tuken without some remarks, perbaps ‘more ox- pressive than elogant."" Besides, having good nickel ctrrency, I séo no oarthly reason why the pablia should be annoyed vy retaiming thove waterlike bite in circulation, By giving this 4 plice iy your valuable “Complaint Book!’ Lam certain you would act PRO BONO PUBLICO. NOT ENOUGH OAS FOR OUR MONEY, To the Epitor or tax Henany;— Our gag bills were growing large—much too large for the quantity of gas used, xo of tho 21st of February, when our Vast bill was presented, “we shut down ob gas," and didn’t boro an inch till’ the 2tst of March, when the representative of the Manhattan Gad Com. pany cailed and examined, of pretended to, out meter. We haye just been proseuted with a bill for €2 60 tor gus consumed trom February 21 to March 21, when we used Ol! the whole month. ‘This is what they mean by the “monopolies crushing the people.” A GOOD JOKE, BU! RATHER EXPENSIVE, THE AMERICAN DISTRICT TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Yo tH Evitor ov tHe Hrmatp:. Will the American District Telegraph Company please inform mo apd otbors why they make the sergeants of cach district carry; the beavy fire ex. tinguisher toa fire? 1 bave noticed a8 they go through the stroets on an alarm ot fire that, while the sergeant carnes the ‘*Babcock’’ and bis Loys their axes, the oliceman gous ahead with no load except bis alatia “Why isthfsthus?? The sergeants haveenough to do to take care of and keepin order (sometimes) sixty to seventy-tive boys, 1 should think the higher in office, the less work. A beavy extinguishor is enough tor a man much le: boy. HUMPBACK. TEACHEKS’ SALARIES, To THe Evirok ov tas Heratv:— ‘The public school teachors have suflored a reduction of their salaries, Had those who have the contro! of such endeavored to equalize rather than reduce the salaries [ tbink the right would then bave ruled, There are teachers who are getting More than they are worth, and oth; not what they deserve. Hopin ou will give this a place in your valuablu **Compial Bow’? lum A SCHUOL TEACHER, —— 4 GOOD FOR THE ‘‘COMPLAINT BOOK.” To Tus Koitor ov tHe Henaro;— By the vizorous manucr im which the Henratp ate tacked the Commissioners it bas had the right effect, Tho watering wagon plicd through the Ninetecoth ward wil day yesterday. To tux Evirow of tuk Henaro:— We are happy to say since your fotice of our come paper the ashes and mud have both becn removed In Hester, between aemaltcnt Essex wi , SCHOOL KULI 8. To ta® Evirok or tHe HeRaiv:— Itis not right nor Is it just that the children in the primary department of school No, 60 should be sent hutne to their Junch atone o'clock, or at any other time than that specifled by article 20 paragraph 6 which says:—‘ ibe several sebools shall bo opened at nine o’cloek A, M., and the session shail be continued until three o’clock P. M., w.th an intermision of one hour at noon, when tue pupils may leave sebool.’? These bylaws have bevn given lortbe ydidance of teachers wod principals in the schools, and should oot be broken by them to salt theirown convenience Be- aides, several children belonging tu the same fanny coming home at different hours to lunch makes it very ineonvensent tor the whore louschold. A CONSTANT READER, ARMY BRUTALITY, To THR Kpiror or THe HeraLo:— You bave thorougtily ventilated “Police Brutatity,” now use your trencbant pen in the same man by exposing the brutality of & portion of the pon-commis- Bioned oflicors in the regular army, who seom to think that they Lave @ periect liconse w kick, cluband otber- wise maltreat those having the misfortune to be serv. ing under them, and who, unlike a civiliad, dare not ruise a bund todetend themselves, If they do the mere sigh of the assertion of manhood will subjectRherm to still further ill treatment, aud, in addition thereto, be made the handle of a charge of charges, worked up su! ciently to send a mun tor a teria to the Penitenti The poor devilof a soldier has nothing to do but and bear it, or desert, I don't write this to see 11 fiat vue t veuture to say that the isertion of letter will bring sullicieat prcot from otbers 2 sabject that requires a little VENTILATIO! ys ory SULPHUR MATCH DANGERS, To Tue Epiton ov THe HmRALD:— 1 wish to complain about the careless use of jphur matches, 11 an old traveller cau be excused for bav- ing “nerves” which are subject to torture from @ dread of Hires that result from a careloss use of matches avout hotels and dwellogs, then I am worthy of iv- dulgence for this complaint, When tn London re cently my niion was called to the almost univorsal use of a saluty mutch whieh ignites only om the box, The English are much more careful than we are about fires, | step on matches almost daily mn halls, squire ways and other expoged places, und often explode them wader my foot. Such dangerons things shoud not be used where careless servaute OF others can our danger the lives aod property of uaguarded people Jo dus “ireo country’ ope may hight bis tire or nis cigar with bis pistol ut be chooses, and bis veighbor te uoyed at tbe occasional expiosiva of musical at he may also light his cigar or dre with one nile he drops ous or two that. may got your house ou ire and turn you out in tb middie of the night A. L, RAWSON, No, 34 Bond street, SELL THE STRERT DIRT, To tux Epitow ov tuk Hekatv:— Vor several days past there have veen several piles of dirt left ou First avenue that should have teen carted away by the strect cleaning dopartment, and some one anxious to remind therm of their neglect of duty placed tho following placards ou two of them:—“In Memory of tho Street Cleaning Departay “Sure Death.”’ Vory soon alter these nuisances wore removed. Now if those placards bad the above effect, | would it not be a good idea to label some of the downs town heaps with cards marked ‘For sale; toquire of Sireet cleaning aepartment?’ Perhaps some Jersey of Long Island jarmer woud remove 4 aud pay the city Market price 1 sor clse ta [reah vegetables and five Jor Our PUBLE Hnstitubons, Falsed from Uh sold, Lhus we would have oF Dread, which | dist Upon the waters, returned altor many days. The | dart ty Comal street, Hear Ludgun, should Le especially | wivertised, asthe larmers’ Wagous afe near at bapd and might stop on thor way bome to purchase it, Uf Con luctor Weeks, of tue Long Island Railroad, a cidentally fell beneath a moving traim at Jamaica this alveruvon abd Was injured, i the above suggestion was carried out l think the og would rid ttsell of ils extra soll much ts wow doiug weker than ib AW YOR 5