The New York Herald Newspaper, March 27, 1877, Page 3

NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, MARCH 27, 1877—TRIPLE SHEET.’ STANLEY, His New Discoveries as to the Sourees of the Nile, ® WHERE - THE WATER COMES FROM. Another Feeder.of the Great Egyptian River. A THIRD NIYANZA. It Empties Into the Victoria as the Victoria Does Into the Albert. THE ALEXANDRA NILE. Compliment to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales. PREVALENCE OF A SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC AT WIL —_———— Usus, August 10, 1877, Ismail, Khedive of Egypt, is reported to have said that all travellers up the Nile generally returned with ‘tho statement that a new source of the Nile bad been discovered, The publisher of the report, no doubt, thought that His Highness was poking sly fun at the discoverers, Whether it was the case or not, I must inform His Highness, through the columns of the New York HxnaLp and Daily Telegraph, that he can pride ‘bimselt upon being a sovereign of a country whose great rivor’s several sources have, and do still, task the best abilities and qualities of explorers to discover them ; that his river has not one, but several sources; that one main sourco was discovered by James Bruce, and called she Blue Nile; that another was discovered ‘by Spoke and Grant, and called tho Victoria Niyanza, ‘and that another was discovered by Samuel Baker and ‘talled by bim the Albert Niyanza, but that these gen- Memen did not, nor could, exhaust the discoveries ot tho sources of this noble river. Perhaps the facts which I send you of a new source will com- pel His Highness to exclaim, “Eh! what do I seo now? Another new source? Can it be possible that the Nile bas not yet beon exhausted?” Could ancient Nilus reply tohim I could fancy him saying, “And how many of my sources did thy grim grandsire Mo- hammed All, or his sons, Ibrahim and Ismail, discover Y And what hast thou done with all thy power, who should have greatest interest in knowing whence I came and what trouble 1 have had to travel so ‘ar to Water thy gardons und flelds and sustain thee and thy people? Ingrates of Kgypt! which of ye all have ‘thought it worth while to flad out whenco I came, that ye might honor me as 1 should be honored? If, by special favor merely, | whisper afew of my secrots to Strangers from afar and permit them to view a few of my wondrous and sweet fountains and flowery beds, what is it to thee? Art thou'éavious of like honor? Then seek me at my many homes under the Equator.” It His Highness will accept my angwer 1 re- specttully beg him to glance over this lotter, and to read these few remarks 1 have now the honor to make respecting the river known as the Kagera, or Ingezi, or Kitangule, or Nawarango, which, according to the natives of Karagwe and Uganda, 18 called the Mother Of tho Rivor at Jinja, or tho Victoria Nile. WHAT 18 THE SOURCE OF A RIVERT People differ, it appears, as to the exact signification of the “sourco” of a river, and travellors jealous of their credit for discovery have sometimes assisted to make the moaning more uncertain, Stay-at-homes, on whom devolves the duty of toning cown the exu- berant enthusiasm of travellers, aro generally agreed that 1 is the main head, origin, or extremity, whence the principal supply is obtained as a spring, fountain, marsh, lake; or it may be that the river is created by a series of these, or that one main tributary is followed to its extreme end, and that end, whatever it be, is called: the source of the river. Speke, if | remember rightly, asks somowhat pet- Ushly tn one of bis books, “What should be called the source of a river—a Jake which receives tho in- significunt rivers flowiog into it and discharges all by one great outlet, or the tributaries which tho lake col- Jects, or the clouds which supply these tributaries with water?’ In my opinion, if we goon at this rato, we might proceed still further and ask, ‘‘Or the moisture ‘and vapors which the clouds absorb or the ocean which supplies these vapors and moisture?” If these Auestions are permitted, why should explorers go into such trouble to discover sources of rivers when every child is perfectly well acquainted with the sources of allrivers? If weremember the true signification of “source,” it is easy to understand why Bruce and Speke and Baker all returned home cach with anew source of the Nile, and why I send you a description of another source of the Nile. THE NILK RXSKRVOIRS OF SPRKE AND GRANT. Speke and Baker both write about “reservoirs of the Nile” in their books, Speke discovered the Victoria Lake, and, while scsompanied by Grant, discovered tw ictoria Nilo. The Victoria Lake is a maguiticent extent of water, a chart of which, the result of our tircamnavigation of it, L sent you some timo ago, it \s the recipient of many fino streams, two of which are Very important. The Suimecyu is 290 miles in iength from its sourco to its exit mto the lake. Tho Alexan- Gra Nile has (as yet discovered) a length of 310 miles, | and perhaps as many more, The Shimecyu might bo ‘Compared to the Thames, and drains off the water which fal's imto it from extensive plains, forests and lopes of platoaus; but the Alexandra Nile exceeds in Volume, oven in the dry season, the Thames and Sev- rn united, and the color and purity of ita water prove shut It must eithor take tts riso far 0 the westward of | the Tanganika or that its course is so intercepted vy some Inke whero its waters were purified. Investigat- Ing the cause, I discovered there waa a lake of consid- erable extent, known by different names, Speke, after visiting the outlet of the Victoria Lake And travelling some distance down in its descent wortherly and westerly, returned home, und soon alter & fatal accident deprived the Gevgrapnical Society of one of the most indefatigable of explorers, BIR SAMUEL HARER'S LAKES. Sir Samuel Baker, hearing irom Speke and Grant of the existence of « lake west of Unyoro, proceeded to that fold, and fortunately discovercd another magnifl- cent lake, called by tho Wanyoro Luta N’zigo; by. tho Waganda, Muta Mz: by the Wasagara, Nyanja Un- yoro; by the Wanyambu, sometimes all three; to @hloh Baker, however, very propérly gave the nam Albert Niyanza. In a native canoe be explored about sixty miles atong the northeast coast, and dis- covered tho Victoria Nile, descending from the Lake Victoria, to be one of the aflluents of the Albert Lage, A little farther north the Albert Niyanza discharges all its collected aMuents—the Victoria Nile being one of them—into the White Nile, which in its deacont toward Egypt receives other afflu- ents more or less important, Near Khartoum the White Nile receives an accession to its volume trom the Blue Nile (discovered by James Bruce), which rues in Abyssinia. If it be asked, “Why enter into these trite detalis ?” { reply that I write for the readers of the Nsw York Hsvaxp and the Daily telegraph, which number about halfa milhon; that smong this vast number a great many are perbapsa little confused about the sources of the Nile, kaow little of how much has been dis- covered or of how much remains to bo aiscovered; and I believe it necessary fora thorough comprehen sion of the subject that these fow remarks should be THR ALERT AND VICTORIA NIYANZA, After discovering a great gulf in the Albert Niyanza I travelied south from latitade 0,30 deg. north in search ofthe tributaries of theze two great lakes—the Albert and Victorin—and perceived that the slope of the section was more to the east, toward tho Victoria, and that no rivers worthy of the name, except the Rusange or Mpanga, fall into the Albert Lake from tho east side. Nor can any rivor of importance supply the Albert from the south, because the Alexandra Niyanza occupies too large a bed, and must be fed trom the section separating the Tanganika ang Albort, and the Albert from the Victoria, If any important affiuents supply the Albert other than the Victcr's Nile they must be searched for on the southwest nt side of Lake Albert, by means of a vessel lau.” its waters or by a journey overland, If an afflucae found on, that side so large as to exercise an impor | it influence on the lake, or would oxercise on the. White Nilo itselt did not Lake Albort intercept its course, it is obvious that such a river should be taken into con- sideration when speaking of the sources of the Nile, Lake Albert, receiving euch a grand aflluent as the Victoria Nile, bas been called by Baker a reservoir of the Nile; but in my opinion this noble lako deserves a yet higher title, as I suall presently show, Itis proved by my explorations that Lake Victoria 1s also a reaer- voir of the Nile, aud I shall prove that Lake Victoria deserves a higher title, distinct and soparate irom that given to Lake Albert. THM WINTR NILE sUPYLIxs, Permit me to place in order a tew questions aud answers, What supplies the White Nile with water? Lake Albert, of course, principally. What supplies Lake Albert? The Victoria Nile, of course, princi~ pally (so fur ag is yet known). Whence proceeds the Victoria Nile? From the Victoria Lake What sup- ples the Victoria Lake? The Aloxandra Nile, of course, principally. Wheace procceds tho Alexandra Nitey From tho Alexandra Lake. What supplies tne Alexandra Lake? Tne Upper Alexandra Nile and other streams not yet known, 1t 1s clear, thed, that the Egyptian Nile ts the issue of the united Blue and White Niles; that the White Nile is the issue of Lako Albert; that the Victoria Nilo is the issue of Lake Victoria; that tho Lower Alexandra Nile 48 the issue of Lake Alexandra, ‘Thus it will be seen that I ave given higher tities to these Inkes than ‘mere regervoirs; for, without the source of supply, what would the reservoir become? Indeed, in strict and sober verity, these several la! are mere accidents of nature, intercepting the course | of tho river from the Alexandra Nile to Alexandria, dis- parting the river into several streams—the White Nile, Victoria Nile and Alexandra Nile. A PARALLEL Case, A parallel case 18 presented by the Lualaba, discov- ered by Livingstone, which may be described in like manner as the above. The Chambezi feeds Lake Bemba; Lake Bemba creates the Luopulu; the Ioua- pula supplies Lake Mweru; Mweru creates Webb’s Lualaba; Webb’s Lualaba, supplied by other tribu- ‘artes, supplies the Lower Lualaba (or, in other words, the Gower Ludiliba tthe fasue of Webb's Lua- Jaba); Webv’s Lualaba js the issue of Lake Mweru; tho Luapula is tho issue of Bemba. These lakes, in like manner, aro mere accidents of nature, as the Nile niyauzas, and are so many interceptions or basins in the course of the rivers. 1 send you these facts not only to show the course of the Alexanura Nile, but bécause (if natives aro to be believed) the Alexandra Laxe serves a double purpose. It is a basin for the reception of many tributaries, and has three outlets—one north of Uguiu by the Ruvavu into tho lower*Alex . undra Nile; the second south of Uguvu into the samo river by the Kagera; the third vy means of a marsh or uu @oze into the Kivu Lake, whence the Rasizt takes its rise, which Rusizi, of course, empties into Lake Tangumika, Perbaps it would be asked by the curious why I have distinguished the discoveries illustrated above by tho namo of Alexandra, I shall forestall the cari- ous with the following candid explanation: — THN MOTURR OF THE VICTORIA NILE, Captain John Haming Speke and Captain James Grant, both British officers, while on thelr way to Uganda to search for the outlet of the Victoria Lake, croxsea this very river, the Alexandra Nile. Whatthey thought about Ido not know. I have not their books at band; but it appeurs that, secing this river flow in a contracted channel (150 yards wide of open, swift, deep water), ond perbaps ignorant of its dopth, and having another grand object iu view, their actions govorned by the sole hope of discovering the Victoria Nile, they did not pay that attention to it that they would have dono were their mission of a more gencral character, It cannot be disputed, then, that two British officors were tho tirst who saw this river. Had poor Speke lived I believe he would havo returned to this interesting region, for I hear he had such an in- tention from King Rumanika. Might be have been permitted to return, to round off as it were and unite tne fragments of discovery be had maue, the natives und bis amiable iriend Rumanika would have pointed out to him the “Mother of the Victoria Nile,”” On casting bis thoughts around for a name to dignity these new discoveries, what name moro gracetul, ore worthy for a thousand virtues, ilius- trious descent and position, could bo have found to | dignity sbem than that of Her Royal Highness Alex. | andra, Princess of Wales? British oflicers Grst saw the river. The Daily Tele graph, un Eingitsh journal, contributed one half of tho funds by means of which these Iutest discoverics have been mado, 1, therefore, in the name of the English and American journais I represont bore, appeal through your cojumus that the oame of Her Royal stighness, tho Princess of Wales be permitted to distinguish these discoveries, worthy to stand pear such honored names ag Albert and Victoria, STANLEY'S DELIGERATION IN 11S STATRMENTS, 1 have been very deliverate, you will admit, in make ing up and sending you this letter, but I had strong | reasony for it, Lam tco far trom the telegraphic wire to correct an error, and 1 have no ambition to be | charged with having made a rash statement, though I covered the offence with the excuse that the natives tot me. [value native and Arab statements only as being an impellant motive power to tho explorer, not to be understood, by any means, as conveying accu- rate and exact imformation, Even the most intelll- gent of Arabs, Wanguana, Wasawhili and Central Airica patives, as if originally they @ taken out of the same matrix, bave a prurient palate for uxaggera- i Lf the explorer i upable to visit personally the avene, he may then be excused—alter sitting evidence, comparing information acquired in different and Weighing with judgment | and 4 gense of distrust every particle of gence—lor publishing geographical news on native authority. iis bot until alter marening from the confluence of the Kuvuva avd the Kagera vo Ujiil, and circumpavigating tho Tangantka, and hearing Wazige and Warundi bear witness to the suine facts, that I found courage to publish what! had not seen | porsonally, or, indeed, did I cloarly understand them jor myself, I will give you, im brief, three instances of peoplo’s mondacity, which will prove to you that tho best woapon on explorer can arm bimsotl with is distrust. NATIVE RIATEMESTS AND EXPLORER? FACTS. Manwa Sera, captain in tho Anglo-American Expedl- tivn, during a casual talk with me, relates:— “Master, when I was in Kuragwe, some tlvo or eix years ago, [ went to the tup of a bigh mountain near Rumauika’s, wid } 6aw an enormous lake to the weet inteili- of me I should say it would take three cays to Feach it, I could not sce the other side of the other jak All this related slowly, as if he weighed well cach word, witb gront gravity, and a certain dignity, Facts as viewed by the Explorer:—Lake six or seven hours’ march from Rumanik longth of lake, thir- teen miles; greatest breadth, eight miles; uamo of h Jhema Rweru, Next, Baraka, a smart young fellow, Anglo-American Expedition, relates as follows:— “Speak of Ruanda! Dol not know Ruanda aod all the countries round about? Who is he that has gone further thanI bave? Have 1 not been to Ankori? Yes; I have carried things of ornament to the King of Ankori. Ruanda is yellow and flat, It is like a plain; extends away, away weatward—a plain, in truth!” Facts by Explorer:—Ruanda is exactly the opposite of what Baraka says. The view of kuanda trom Karagwe is of a succession of lofty mountain ridges, Separated by deep broad vallcys, Explorer pointed out the strong contrast to Baraka, Barnka recklessly laughed and impudeantly showed his ivories, Next:—A Mgwana, a long timo resident within a few hundred yards of the mouth of the Rusia, relates to Livingstone and myself, in 187) “White men, you want to know all about the Rasizi. T know all about it. Icame from Mukamba’s yester- day. This Kiver Rusizi goes out of the lake I tell you true, quite tru Facts by two explorers:—The Rusizi flows into tho Lake Tanganika, and not out, and the foolish Mgwona caused the explorers to infer that he told an usneces- sary untruth, or, in other words, tbat he lied. THE NATIVES ON GLOGRAPUICAL QUESTIONS. A native of Central Africa rarely, if ever, wilfully Mes about a matter that does not concern his interests. Ignorance in most cases is the cause of Wrong Iulor- mation from bim, and lack of acquaintance with de- tails gives a vagueness and uncertainty to what ts told But if half a dozen of them can be examined upon a subject the traveller can generally pick out much re- Mable information, Tho Waganda, Warundi and Wazige are very jatelligent, especially the former, ‘A young Waganda, who had travelled in Karagwe and who went with me to the Albert Niyanzu, bus oltentimes astonished me by bis romarks upon the Alexandra Nile, which he called the Kagera. I tancy if the Geographical Society bad heard bim they would bavo voted him asiiver medal for his intelligent ob- servations, As my conversation with him was very interesting I wili give you in his own words, as noarly as 1 can remember, what ho said about the Kagera. “Master, Sambuzi, my chicl, has sent me to you with his saluams, and he says that best way for you to BO to Muta Nzige (Albert) Niyanza is by the Kagera.”” “Why,” Lasked, *is Kagera the best way Y’’ “‘Becauso,”’ suid he, “Kagera comes from Muta Naige.’’ onsense,” 1 replied, “Muta Nzige is far below tho Niyanza of Uganda; and bow can u river ascend a billy” “Master, you white people know agreat doal; but will you tell me where the Kagera comes from ?”’ “I cannot tell you, because | have not seen it yet, and I don’t know anything of the river except what I have seen of it at the mouth.” “Master, there is no river like the Kagera, We Wa- ganda call it ‘the mother of the river’ at Iinja (Vic- toria Nile). Where can tho Kagera como from if it does not come from Muta Nzige? .Look at sts water. It 4s water of a Niyanza, and so much water as 1s 1n it cannot come from aby mountain. Everybody says comes from the Muta Nzige.”” When I turned my back upon the Albert Niyanza I felt consoled somewhat by this young man’s remarks upon the Kagera, From a score of persons, on the way to the Kagora, I heard enough to createin me a keen desire to view and examino this river. I have already told you I obtained soundings ot 70, 80, up to 120 fect of water sn its bed, that it bad a swift current and a width of irom 150 to 200 yards, KXPLORATION OF THE INGEZI. From Rumanika—that gentlo und most sweet pagan, | whom I tound more casy to convert to a geographer than toa Christian—I obtained every assistance, by which I was enabled to explore thoroughly the singu- lar body of water called Ingezi, which is a shallow lake tive to ton, and even fourteen milos wide, through which the Alexandra Nile continues its resistiess course with a depth of trom forty to sixty tee 1 was enabled, afior continuing my Journey from Ro Qmanika’s, to obtain a pretty clear view of a good deal of the unexplored course of the Alex- andra Nile, What! could not see, because of the mountains of Ugutu, was Akauyara, or Niyanza Cha- Ngoma; but my guides assisted me to understand tol- erably well the position of tho luke, The Akanyuru was adarge lake aud very wide. It required two days to cross it A mountaiaous island was situated in the middle of the lake, where voyagers to Ruanda from Ugutu generally rested one night, arriving the nextday in Kuanda, Though Ugutu is really a large island and very moun- tainous no native speaks of tas an island, It ts sepa- rated on the north side from K‘suakka vy the Ruvuyu outlet, and from Unba and Crud! on the south by thé Kugera, and from Ruanda on the west side by the Alex- andra Niyanza, The course of each affluent trom the lake was taken by compass bearings both at the Mount of Observation and at Koza, where 1 obtained confirma- tion of what my guides bad told me, ‘The natives much confused me when speaking of Kivu Lake, sometimes pointing it out in the direction of tho Alexandra Niyanza, and again using the name Niyaoza Cha-Ngotma; others, aguin, culled it by the name of Mkinyaga. ‘They comotimes represonted it as very large, and sometimes attempted to give an idea of its extent by stating that it required $0 much time to cross it in a canoe, Countries situated along its shores were also | named, which, being noted down, have assisted me to compare the information of natives of Kisuakka with that turaished by Wazige and Warundi, Warundi on the Tapganika say that Kiva Lake is connected with Akanyaru by a marsh, that it would require a duy’s march along this marsh—ten or fifteen miles—to pro- ceed from Kivuto Akanyara; that the Rasizi dows from the southwest corner of Kivu to Tanganika. THe RUSIZI. Wazige who live on tho Rusizi aro very accurate in degcribing the names of the streams flowing into the | Rusizi, and unanimously agree with Warundi that it ts an issue of Kivu of Kovoe Lake. They also agree with Warundi that Unyombungu ts on the southwest side of Kivu, Having ascertained 0 wuch with precision tt became easy then to counect the fragmentary tn. formation obtained from North Ubbu, West Usui aad Kishokka, where tho name Kiva ts not generally known, snd the country of Unyambungu renders the solution of the difficulty, Mkinyaga 18 northwest of Unyambungu, and to a person in North Ubba, with his face turned north, Mkinyaga 16 said to be loft of Kiva, therolore, is situ- ated weat of that lake, and, as Mkinynge ts a largo country, extending to southwest Ruanda until a three days’ march, would tnke @ porson to the Albert Niyanza, When hearing of Mkinyaga Lake, we must understand it to bo Akanyara or the Alexundra Niyanza, which comprehends all the native tities of the lake. Here, within two degrees of longitude, whore seven countries meet, representatives of seven nations are | unabie to give wclear und connected account of this most interesting region, ‘The causo of this ignorance arisea from tue peculiar character of the vorthera Warund: and Wa-Ruabda, who are a joaivus, treacher- our, and vindictive race. If an explorer could cross the couutry of Urandi, and enter Mkinyaga, he with a different race, with whom it would not be uifll- cult to establish amicable relations; but unless he bad balloons at bis disposal | am unable to see how to could reach Mkinyaga trom the cast or the south, Were the Warundi or the Wa-Ruanda anything tn disposition hke the tribes or nations we have met with between here and Zunzibar, how casy a task it were to push one’s way dircet to the utinost reach of the Nile! Wo have mot tribes who sternly exuctod tribute, and we have paid it and passed on @ur our way through them; but ere are two nattous (not tribos) of one peculiar distinct breed, who are neither to be subject to the power of” swect suasion with yitts of sugar-candy, knick-knacks and gaudy cloths, or to bo forced from the position they have assumed with « iow dozen Sniders. Heaven knows the original progeni- tors Of these fierce nations, IT had hall a mind once to the addition of a thousand Brown Besses, drag the wecrets of tho Nile by force to the tight of day, But the namo of the amiable Princess of Wales could not be taken then to cover such a stain as this would bayo been on the source of the Nile, STANLKY’s NOPE OF FUTURE svCcESS. No, I livo in the hope that our expedition con yet reach this way, and bavo met tribes who cotnpeliod us to figut | pects | mako an alliance with the bandit Mirambo, and, with | ction without violence, from tho tuct, if | true, that Mkinyage can be reached from North Man- yema—that the people of Mkinyaga are traders, aud convey articles of trade from Mapyema to ltuanda All this, howover, can only be settled ab Nyangwe, whitber | propose going now. Thavetwo reasons for gotng round about this way, since the direct road ts closed. It bas become irmly impressed on my mind that the prinetpal river supply- ing the Alexandra Niyanza rises in North Manyema, northwestwurd of Lake Tanganika, Secondly, 1 do not forget tuat the purpose of this epierprise of tho Naw Yorx Hunatp and Daily Tele- graph was to uuite the fragmentary discoveries of Speke into one complete whole, to fini#h Baker's or Burton's discovery, and dually to take up the work left incomplete by the lamented death of Doctor Livingsioue, Lieutenant Cameron, animated by his desire to cross Airica more than to complete the discoveries of his predecessors, has crossed the Lualaba and proceeded to Lawe Lincoln, thence proceeded, I am told, ina southwesterly direction with a company o! Portuguese waders; probably to Ambriz or St, Paul de Loanda, by which he has left the question of the Lualaba exactly whero Livingatoue leit it For tho question in digpute was, ‘1s the Lualaba the Nile or the Congo?’ Livingstone thought it to be the Nilo; the Goographi- cai Council thought itto be the Congo, The only way to resolve tho doubt is to travel down the Lualaba along the right bank to a kuown point A BRILLIANT PROSPKOT, You will thus perceive I have two briiliant flelds be- fore me And the prospect of entering any one of thea: causes me to quiver with delight, though merely anticipating what lies anead, ‘Shall I search for the head of the Alexondrs Nile, or shali I continue along ‘the right bavk of tho Luaiaba 2” ig a proposition which agitates the silent hours of night with me, shall l, alter arriving at Nyangwe, strike northeasterly and take this coy Nile by surprise where he frst issues from the oozy womb or from the angle of some dewy valley, and trace him thence through all bis sportive career, amid Hower decked lukelew or the breadths of ever Vernal papyrus, or where ho rushos with iresh boro Vigor and youthtul ardor by fragrant meads aud forest clad slopes to the three bluo Niyanzas, where he meets his kindred gathered from all poiuts of the compusas to ‘crown him King Nilus and Lord of Floods? Or shall I worship at the slirine of the majestic Lualava, yiew with awe and reverence his road glassy bosom, watch Lim unfold bis strength and launch himself against rocks .with angry roar until the woods and vaileys resound the name of this terrible monarch, benold him receiving bjs tribute from other potentates of Jess renown, und follow mim through tho dark une kuown land to whero he finally discharges bis flood to the ocean? Both courses are equally enticing; both presont splendid fields for geographical research ; but which i shall adopt will be best known after I reach Nyangwe. In the meautime | lay at the feet of the mighty Princess of Wales aa explorer’s tribute—all that Le has discovered, measured and surveyed of tle Alex- andra Nilo—tho Mother of tho Victoria Nile. HENRY ML, STANLEY, A MALIGNANT EPIDEMIC IN UJIJI—DEATHS IN THE EXPEDITION—A TRIBUTE TO POCOCK. Usist, August 13, 1876, 1 must leave off writing letters aud must hurry away, for times are sad, very sad, in Ujij A most malig- nant epidemic is raging here, devouring the population at the rate of! from forty to seventy-ilve persons daily, It is a smaiipox of the most fatal kind. Few attacked by 1t bave escaped, Tho same evil influences which nourish this pest cause osner ailments to prevail— namely, dysentery, chest difeases, typhoid fovers and agues, You may perceive by the dates of my letters to you how inany days I required to write off a couple of letters and make up two surveys, I returned from the circumpavigating voyage August 1; this is now the 13th, Thirtoon days to write two lettors! it 1s true; but the time has been mostly spent fretting im bed from repeated attacks of fevers, BAD News. When I lunced from my boat I received a budget of bad news only. Five deuths had already occurred in the expedition during my absence of fifty-oue ‘ays; 81X more were down with smallpox; the fearfuiu a ‘was running like wildure through the houses of Ujiji, Arab and native, Frank Pocock had suffered severo Alincss three times while I had been away ; an tnfluen- tial A®ab trader died the day of my return; the Governor of Ujijt and Livingstone’s old frieud Mohammed bin Gharib bad lost several children and were losing slaves each day, though their losses of sluves had been already severe, Slaves and pagazis, or porters, were tust deserting their masters for fear of this scourge. Finally, my messengers, five tn number, had not yet returned from Unyanyembe, and as they have not returoed up tothia day I have given up all hope of them. You may imagine then, the feeling which prevails in all minds atthe present time in Ujijimit 18 that of dismay and terror; and, as they look forward to two months more of the fatul ex- perience they are now andergoing those who are able to quit the horrible spot should pack up at ounce, NECESSITY POR A FRESH START. When I first heard this news [ was impressed with the necessity of immediate departure if I valued the welfare of tho expedition; but I had also my duty to do toward you, The two Icttera I have written to you may, perhaps, be considered by you—it you have any inclination to be very exacting--ws mere sops, but they are the best and the utmost that can be cone under euch aggravating circumstances, The con- dition of my peuple 1s really deplorable, Beside vomg thinued in numbers many favorites of those Still living are ina bad state, and some no doubt will be taken off, ‘The only thing it appears to me that bas savod tho expedition frum total wreck is vaccination, But [ find when too late that many of the people lost the benefit of vaccination from sheer laziness—wheu sum- moned they would not appear, My vacciue matter is all dried up now aud not a particle of it can be scraped up to be of use. VRANK POCOCK'S VAITHPULNESS, Poor Frank Pocock has done his best for his Arab neighbors aod friends, and it was very gratiying to moto hear how excelleutly aud nobly he had beiaved, Ho is certainly the best, servant a man ever had, 1 would not part with bim for a hundred Shaws and Farquhars, He has bocome a most ardent geographer, too, wid, having no other companion with me, I tre- quently exchange viow# and hopes with him, He did not look Very promising as a companion at first; I thought bim rather slow, He has a host of virtues and not one viev, hor shadow of avice, Ho is @ brave, honest, manly, patient young Englishman, I had a great many things to write about my jour- ney round the Tavgamika—it bas been so very inte esting. I may say it has been replote with disco Cy of magnificent waterfulls, unrivalled scenery, “water hywoas,”” exquisitely fragrant berries, caverns and uoderground dwellings, the copper mines of Katata and the mede of working them, I bave heard much about the famous underground houses ot Rua, and have discovered what might bo called a kind of rolig- jon among the tribes round the Tanganika, any of which discoverios, with abundant loisurc, would fur- nish matter for @ letter, But the necossity of im- inediate deparvure 1 too urgent, which, if 1 delayed, would cntail the sacrifice of many valuable lives in this expedition, It will take some days to prepare, tou assort and rearrange the gooda after such a long sty here, and various minor matters must be tended w, I may be able to write you a smail note on tho day of departure to acquaint you with our position and our prospects, MENRY M, STANLEY, AFRICAN CHRISTIANITY. BISHOP HAVEN ON THE LIBERIAN ¥XPERI< MENT—-AMERICAN PROTECTION WANTED, Notmore than a score anda ball of the Methodist brethren gathered yesterday at the weekly conference, and alter hsteuing to somo essaya on “Itineracy” it was announced that Bishop Haven, who bas just ar- rived from bis visitation to Africa, was present and willing to address them, The Bishop and a miusterial travelling companion left here last November and ar- rived in Monrovia December 16, 1876, He trayolled the Liberian coast south os fur as Capo Palmas, 300 miles trom the placo of landing, He also travolieda day or two's distance up the St. John’s and St. Paul's rivers, and went as far iniand as there are any Liberian setticmonts, The Bishop gave an out line sketch of the geography and topography of the country, vad then described the missions of the Methodist Episcopal Chorcn, and also referred briefly to those of the Presbyterian, Baptist and Episcopal churches of America, The population of Liberia does not exceed 20,000 souls, Of these 1,750 are fall mem- bers and 200 probationers of tho Liberian colonists, But besides theso thero aro 460 members and 44 pro- “to pursuit of the nighwayimen, patieners gatberea 1m from tho aborigina; or native 8. MORAL STATUS OF LI ‘The colony contains 44 local yp are aborig ang ding elders, preacvers are natives, 2 of whom also are pre elders, There are 20 preachers in the Conter- ence, and the American Methodist Episcopal Church spends about $7,500 a year on the missious there. There are 43 Methodist Episcopal churches 1p the colony, 13 of which are caspposed of natives and the value-o! the church property is $25,000, on which ian indebtedness oj only $30, They have 48 schools, with 1,831 pupils and 226 officers and The missions luck money to build day schools and supply instruction to the young, Under the colouization enthusiasm of (weaty or nore yea ago American and English Christians spent a great deal of money on the colonists and built them some very fine houses, many of them to-day, the Bishop thinks, are betier than the houses tbat we build tor our do- mestic missions. But of late years there has been less attention paid tothem and the buildings are fallog into decuy and the people in some respects lack the energy and \nspiration which a moral protectorate of America would give them, BYGLAND’S CONTROL OF AFRICA. and punishes the natives whenever they molest ber trading suy The Hisbop gave iliusir: this point of the carelessness with whicu can government treats its commercial trade reat care that England bestows upon them in Alrica, ‘he commercial exports of Liberia consist chielly of camwood, which commands $20 a ton in this market, and other dyewoods, coffeo, sugur, &c, About one- tuird of tho population ure aborigines, and they aud the sem)-civilized chiefs and und are begging for schools aud touchers for inet ren. If the church had more moncy the Bishop believes they could push the work very largely aud succegs{ully into the interior, school What they weed very much is 4 normal for raising up native teachers who can go out #reater acceptance than the Liberian colour uissions alvo buve sulfered (rom lack of Episcopal Visitation trom this couvtry. During the Bishop's visit he ordained 4 native preacher, who was also Sheriff of bis county. Tue President aud Vice Presi dent of tho Republic are Methodists, the jatter being a preacher, Tue Bishop's address was full of interest ‘aud spiced with humor througnout, MN week tho annua! Conierences will meot, and as the time of tuo brethren will be needed to prepare tor these gatherings, thoy adjourned until the third Mon- day iu April, AFRICAN PIRATES, ne Ea 4 NEW YORK SCHOONER PLUNDERED AND DURNED BY SAVAGES ON THE CONGO RIVEL— THE CAPTAIN'S STORY. Messra, Yates & Porterfivid, of No, 115 Wall street, who have beon engaged fur many years in the African trade, received information that on the 20th day of December, 1876, the schooner Joseph Nickerson, ono of their vessels sent out by them with a cargo con. sisting of tar, turpentine, paint, oil und eightoou tons ot coffee, already on bourd usa portion of the home cargo, had been boarded by nogro pirates off Shark’s Point, and after being plundered totally destroyed, ‘The following 1s a copy of the thrilling narrauve re- lated by Cuptuin Yates tu his owners, and is dated at St. Paul de Loanda, Africa:— ‘THA CAPTAIN'S STATEMENT. Tleft Ambriz on the 18th December, and shaped a course lor the Congo River, Ou tue 20th Decomber L arrived off Shark’s Pout. {be ¢argo consisted of some tur, turpentine, paint, oll und black lead, und about eighteen tons of coffee shipped ia Ambriz, The wind was light and the current very strong running out of the river; soan order ty make the port of Banana I Was obliged to buy the southern shore, and the tor 100s 01 the suip tuok the suud avout twelve o'clock in the day. Limimediately nad a keuge anchor carried out by the yaw! under the cbarge of the chief officer, and was succeeding im warping the vessel off, when 4 Bumuer of batives came off trom Shurk’s Point, 1 should estimate thom at between 400 und 500 in abous seventy canoes. They swarmed about the suip and cut the baweer | bad out to my kedge. I attempted to Kot unotuer kedge out, but the natives prevented me. Three meu came on board and tendered ine assistanco, ‘uey culled themseives “King Peter's Son,” “Jack Wash” wod “Walker.” AN ATTACK BY SAVAGES. After my hawser was cut 1 eudeavured to make sail on the ship, thinking that as the ship was so nearly afloat the suils would drive her oil; but the natives swarmed ob the stup’s side aud with ther knives cut {he sails to pieces, rendering them poriectly useless, Up to this moment | bad received assistance from the turee mea before mentioned, but after tis uil seemed tojomm 19 the plunder, Cabin doors were torn olf; all the provisions und spare rigging Were taken ogt of ‘tho ‘tween decks, I cannot say lor certain that these men took part in the plundering, but alterwards | saw muny things belonging to the ship im the natives’ huts, Particularly 1 wish to qontion a trunk beiongivg to Mr. Swansou, the mate, tu the King’s house. ‘The pirates cus the collve sacks open aud curried away us much ug they could. sour of my men und the chief officer took the yawland went to Kanana ww the Dutch House lor assistance, Which was rendered on the toliowing day. The agent, Mr. Bioeuer, aud Mr. Youngblood, and about tea other Europeans or mea, all well armed, came over wituabous 100 rootnen, und druve the natives out of the stip. lo Jact the palives ran away When they saw the ussist- ance coming. 1 left tho #bip about six o'clock in the evening of the day she took the beach, und going in @ nalive cance ashore was upsct and nearly drowned. 1 coustder this wus intentionaily done, us i heard oue mau say il 1 was drowned there would be an end to tho paluver, The Dutchmen, after driving the natives out, examined the remaiuder of tho cargo, wad found the collec so saturated with oll and tur, that had vee spuled by the natives, as to be utterly wortniess, I muct bere state that on the arrival of, the Datch- men I weut buck on board the vessel and found her completely gutted, bulkheads gone, copper tora oll, nd rigging cut—Iin fuct a perfect, useless wreck. alter tuis, and shortly alterward discovered the vessel to 0¢ on fire. I cannot say by whom she was sot on Hire, 1 saved the sh:p's papers and chronometer, but Jost all my own persoual elects. 1 wish also to state that‘when I suw Mr. Swanson’s trank tn the King’s house I culied bis attention to it, and said:— wht you are nut playing me false how comes it that this trunk 1s In your house 1”? He said, in a suarp tone of voice:—“I know nothing about it, “Sone man must bave brought it in here,” 1 make this statement just to show how much ove can believe in the sincerity of their trivodlivess, The King ulso showed ine a paper mude between himacit d sir Willam He KR. N., of Great Britain, in which be was recommended ag “a trustwortuy man.” ‘This letter is signed A. C, Yates, master of the American schooner Juseph Nickervon, lute of New York, Further advices to Messrs, Yates & Porterfield, coming trom St. Paul de Loanda, inform them that Her Britannic Mujesty’s steamer Avon, on duty at that point, on learning of the outrage committed by the Pirates procveded to Shark’s Point and inflicted a se- vere punishinent on the depredators, No American war vessel Wag on that portion of the African coust at that time to shield American comimorce, no doabt on account of the mularions chinate, Captain Yates aud | his wrecked crew Wage taken on board the Atricun Royal Mail vteumer Ethiopia by Captain J, W. Davis and sent from Bauana, Congo Miver, to London, they will be forwarded to this city by the n Consul. THB NURNED SCHOONER, The Joseph Nickerson was about twenty yonrs old, of 172 tons burdeu aud built at Northport, L. 1. Sho had been suzcessiully engaged in the Atricun trade for & number of yeurs, and atthe time of her loss was Valued at about $10,000, ‘Ihe curyo was worth as wuch more, No imsurance, The owners complain bitterly of the government 1m not having uny +bips ot war ob this Coast to protect American enterprise, und vod the mere notice to the Stale Department, cknowledged, (hat their vessel aud cargo was only plundered, Messrs. Yates & Porterticia must pocket their loss and feel happy that the lives of their om ploy 6s wero spared by tue savaged. “ROBBERY. | Despwoov, March 26, 1877. A bold attompt to rob the Cheyenne and Black Hills stage, bound north, Was made near here last evening. As the coach was coming down Whitewood Cason, | about two and @ bail miles from Deadwood, tive masked mon walking along the road before the ATTEMPTED HIGHWAY Stantly commenced firing on the coach. At the first fire Jobnoy Slaugnter, the driver, was killed, and Walter lier, of Deadwood, slightly wounued inthe band and ar Tho horses started suddenly, throwing the driver, Ler and unother passonger vil the coach. The stage Was not stopped Ul arrived in town, leaving the driver on the road dead, About twenty shots were fired ut the coach, but all the passengers except Ler wero unhurt, A party went out and found the body of the driver with w cbarge of buckshot in the breast, The rovers wot no boty, ‘Ihe Sueriif and « party are The Sneriff offers $500 roward tor them, deud or ulive, ESCAPED FROM JAIL. TWO OFFENDERS EVADE JERSEY JUSTICR BY FuoHT. Trestox, March 26, 1877. ‘Thero was much oxeitement caused in this city to- day over the escape of George Anderson and Lyman H, Latgn from the County Jail, The twain, together with auother criminal bamed Sam Martin, had been con: fined ip one cell, The latter roiused to leave because his term of imprisonment will soon expire. Tho fugi- Lives squeezed themselvcs through a hole twelve and ‘a balf inches in length by seven inches in width, which they made by taking off a square of sheet iron from the ceiling leading to the grand jury roon ‘Then with a razor they cut an wv bourd ceiling escaped tue alarm at tive asily. Martin gave ck in the morning, when the lugitives were safely out of the reach of the prison authorities, Auderson was a®ulting his trial on the charge of baying cuimmitted a burglury at the resi. devee of Protessor Edward 8. Klis, ® well Known author, and Laigo was hod onthe charge of having 400 swindied Douts & Co,, jewellers, out ot $ of bracelets by giving & bogus check on th Bank, of New York, for that amount on the 14th of Fovruary last, Ten days 8 urrested in ‘dhe Pojladelphia and conveyed to the prison ho has just escaped from which age | suddeuly wheoled, ordered the driver to stop, aad in. | | 18 MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE FURTHER PEOOF OF BRIGHAM YOUNG'S IM~ PLICATION, Sax Francisco, March 25, 1877. Ono of the morning papers here publishes ap inter- esting taterview with Captain John Morse concerning Mountain Mead massacre, Tho gentleman re- ferred to has dgured during many of an te ful life as @ fronticrsmaa, prospector, trapper and trader, and was im Usah prior to tho Mormon settie- ment and for many years after it. At the time of the massacre he was living with some bands of Indians, not more than thirty miles from Mountain Meadows, and two days after the tragedy he visited the scene aod saw the mangled bodies of the slaughtered emi- grants lying oo the ground as they bad been left by the destroying horde of Mormon fanatics and their allies, the Indians, B2IGHAM YOUNG'S, COMPLICITY, Captain Morse was an intimate acquaintance of Lee, and. thia departed saint, ina conversation occurring years belore the trial, admitted to Morso his complicity in the atrocities, as coniession, 80 consistently his off-hand ela as, threw the responsibility of the butchery upon tne leaders of implicated as w s Brigham Young. orse disputes Lee's statement there were 500 Indians present, claiming tbat the wore not more than 400 in that whole section of the country. The butcnery wus planned by Mormous and almost entirel¥done by them, the Indians not killing over hall @ dozen. PLUSDER THE OBJECT. He says plunder wus the chiei incentive to the mas- gacre, At tuat time the Mormons were excessively poor, having no money and scarcely anything else. ‘hey would trudo their produce with the lad for old clothes, The tratu was a very rich one and ¢: clied their cupidity, Morse was very much with L during bis residence in Southern Utan, and the latter unbosomed himself freely on the subject of the massa. cre, which seemed to so dwell on big mind that he cons stuntly reverted to it, AN INTERVIEW WITH LEE. Concerning the implication of Brigham Young with the massucre Morse relates an interview with Lee. The Just time I saw bim was in Mabon county, 1 went ta bis rauehe and he receivoda letier; in tact, I brought itto bim myself, trom a place called Kanab, which stated that troops were oo Lee's truck, hi | up, and ne had better move on showed me the letter and | said, ‘Lee, this is all an ine feroul he; there ur troops on your truck at all, Tus 18 all put_up dy those Mormons in St. George, where Erigham Young was, whom Brigham has infiu- enced to get you out of the way.’’ Ltuid him, “You uke my advice and go into the Gentile camp and give yourself up and make # clean breast of the whole (ing and you will get along first rate.” 1 asked him it Brigham Young was interesied in the massacre, He at rst suid “No.’? 1 gad 1 knew better, and he sud, “Of course thero is no uso lying to you; as a matter, of course, I was under orders, Brigham Young kuew everything; he was with mo from the time we lott Salt Lake, but the ine teution was to let them Log on to Muddy and then cateh them at Muddy. Do you suppose that any of those meu—you know more of them—do you suppose they would Lave entered into this arrangement if they had not believed in the Mormon church, and that this thing emanated from Brigham Young, their Mormon prophet??? WHY CAPTAIN MORSE WAS NOT A WITNKSS. Cuptain Morse says no attempt was made to procuro bis testimoay further than that ho wus sent for to attend the firat trial, but he did not appear, being down ou the Colorado River, near Fort Yuma. Lee was con- ideutial with him oa account of their frequent soll- tary companionship on prospecting and othur expedi- tons, and because be knew Morse had other sources ot information trom the Lnodiaus, Captain Morse is bow a resident of this city. THE RUSSIAN FLEET. THE WEATHER PREVENTS THE VISIT OF AD- MIBAL ROWAN TO THE BUSSIAN FLAG SHIP SVETLAND—A DAY'S ROUTINE OF A RUSSIAN WAR SHIP. At eleven o'clock yesterday Admiral Rowan and Flag Livatenant W. T. Burwell embarked from the foot of Twenty-third strect, North River, in the steam launch of the steamer Powhatan, and were soon on board the flagship. ‘rhe rain, which bad during the morning kept up a mild drizzle, soon settled into a steady downpour, and the visit of tho American tothe Rus- sian Admiral was deferred until to-day. The routine ot a day on board the Russiwn flag ship Svetiand will g1Ve a good idea of how lile is passed on board a Rus- sian man-ot-war, At five o'clock A, M. the sailors leavo their ham- mocks, and at six o’clock have their breakfast. The decks aro then holystoned and washed, aod cannons, arms, ammunition and in short every thing is cleaned op. At eight o’clock the national ensign is hoisted. As the blue barred, white flag is unluried to the brecss, the band, consisting of thirty pieces, greets tho flag with a inusical saluic, The beautiful and ttnpressiv Russian national hymn 1s then played, and 46 foll by the well known strains of “Hail Columbio.”? jonal air of the country they are visiting ts alwa: this time playea by the banas of Russian flag ships, and theu that of the countries of any war vessels which may be in the same barbor, Alter this graceful compliment bus been paid it 1s nearly nine o'clock, ab which hour the scamen are put through various maoceuvres and drills, Thi lasts uotil ball-past ten. At eleven o'clock wine is served to the en aud they take their dinner, Up to half-past one is their uberty hour and the sailors drink their tea, From two to four o'clock drill takes place, or whatever work there is on hand i proceeded with. At half-past tive supper is served and the day’s work is over, As the sun sets the flag is run down, tho band saluting 1t usin the morning, and the evening gun red. As the twilight comes the band ys a prayel and the ceremony is over, At eight o'clock, the sail- ors in a body repeat in Russian the Lord’s prayer, aod they are then given there hammocks. The day on voard 1s divided into #1x watches of four nours each, the duty being done by tive livatenants, the same num. ber of sub-heutenants and midshipmen, ‘The officers take their tea in the morning between the hours of seven and eight, At eleven they broak- Jast, and at five o'cloek d:nner is served, the band playing during the meal. At clgnt o'clock tea ts again served, There thirty-five oMcers und 530 men aboard the flag ship. With the exception of the baud playing and the sunset gun, the day’s routine is the same on board all the vessels of the fleet THK OFFICKRS GN SHORE, The young Grand Duke Constantine and several of his vrother officers occupied orchesten chairs daring the periormance of “La Fille de Madame Augot” at the Eagle tre lust eveuing. SALE OF KAKE BOOKS. The sale of rare books at Bangs & Co,’s has had a great deal of bud weather to contend with, but bas, notwithstanding, realized considerable money, The greater part of this library was tho property of Francia 8. Hoffman, of Philadelphia, who was connected with Bradstroet, the publisher of a largo number of the privately printed books in which this library abounds, The sale 1s nos over yet, for there are $0) more lots to come, and, unless the sale goes a great deal faster to night than it bas been going, it will be continued over until to-morrow evening, Tho sale opened yesterday with anuinber of books that were misiaid during the early duys of the sale, Among these Acosta’s “Natural History of the Kast and West Indios,” a small book, $14; Campanini’s “Kort Beskribning Om Provincien, Stockholm, MDCCII.,” $32; “Hakiuiyt Society Pubiications,”’ eight volumes, $63. The regu. lar sale began at lot No. 4,113, “Historie de ta Vir- ginia,” iter which came # number of catalugues of various libraries mado by Mr. Sabin, the largest prico tor any one of these was $450 tora large paper catalogue of the theatrical and misceilancous library of the lat Witham &, ‘The catalogue of Edwin Forres library, of whien only 175 copies were privately printed, brought $163; “sabin’s Dictionary of Books Ree ating to Amorica,”’ $7 20; a large paper copy of thesame 16 32; Sabin’s repri f rare works, eleven parts, $5 bu, Arthar St Clair jarrative of the Manner to which the Campaign Against the Indiaus Was Con. ducted Under the Command of Major General st. Clair,” 1812, $7; a copy of ‘Paule et Virginia,” uncut ir 8; w small paper copy of the ‘Lie of Deborah Sampson, the Femaie Solater of the War of the Revo. lation,” $3 38 ‘Ke paper copy of tho same, $1 25 ae dere’ ‘History of the Sanderson's phy of ihe Sign- e the Declari independence,” nine volumes, $81; “History of — Proetitue ton,”” $3 2%; (Wintorop Sargenv’s “Life and Career of Major Jobn André,” large paper copy. one volume exiended to four, $200; Sargent’s ‘The Loyal- ist Poetry of the Revolution,” a unique copy in sheets, with the illustrations cotiected for extending this work, $125; a small of the same, $25; ‘The Loyal Verses of Joseph Stanat a ‘De. Jona. Ocell,” ‘ enealogical Dictionary of beets, $9 74; Savace’ Jogi First Settlers in New England,” $20 37 ay ‘actical Hints on Decorative Printing,” $15; Senvol~ craiv’s ‘Indian Tribes of the vited States,'? five volumes, $15; Scoviilo’s ‘Marion,’’ dedi. cated to J, G, Bonnett, suppressed edition, $1 10; ‘Description of the Ceremony of Dedication of the | Statue of Major General John Sedgwick at West Point,” 0; Miss Seward’s ‘Monody on e's edition of the plays of v8, $20 26; Koight’s edition, oalogy ot the Sharpless Family,” $12 50; the Operations of the Queei Jobo Smith's ~Hlistory ot vi inia,’? & sinali bool $160; “Travels and Ad. Fentires of Captain Joun Simith,” 1630, $18; Samuet Smitn’s “History of the Cotony of Nova Cmsana or New Jersey,’ $21; Spoonor’s “Biographical History of Fine Arts,” $17; Philp Dormer Stanhope’s “Karl of sterfield’s Letters,’’ $20; C. Stedman's ‘History of the Urigin and Progress of tho American War, 1794," $23; Stiles’ “History of Whalley, Goffe and Diawelt, 1798,"" $15; Stiles’ ory of the City of Erear $18 38; W. Smith’s “History of Virginia,” Tailier’s ‘Historical Narrative of the Colony Georgia,” 1741, 8!