The New York Herald Newspaper, September 6, 1876, Page 4

4 NY STATE REPUBLICANS, Meeting of the State Convention at Worcester. — QNTRE STATE TICKET RENOMINATED. Speech of Senator Boutwell on the Political Issues. THE DANGER TO OUR LIBERTIES. The Bloody Shirt and the Misdeeds of the —_ GRANT'S ADMINISTRATION INDORSED. Democracy. Worcnste, Mass. Sopt, 5, 1876, At procisoly halt-past eleven o’cloek the Republican State Convention was called to order by Hon, Alvan H, Beard, chairman of the State Committee, who read | the call. Mr. Beard was made temporary chairman, | and the secretaries of the State Commutieo were ap- | pointed temporary secretaries, | On motion of William £. Blunt, of Haverhill, a com- ttec, with that gentleman ag chairman, was ap- | pointed on credentials, | On motion of John D. Long, of Hingham, a Commit- toe on Resolutions was appomted. On motion of E, B, Stoddard, of Worcester, a com- mittee, with that gentleman us chairman, was ap- Pointed on permanent organization, On motion of General William 8 King, of soston, tho members of the State Centrat Committee and mem- bers of Congress were invited to take seats on the platform without the right of vote. On motion of Willard P. Phillips, of Salem, it was voted that all resolutions which may be offered be re- | ferred to the Committee on Resolutions without de- bate. Mr. Henry B. Blackwell, of Boston, then offered the following resolution wou Guts. Resolved, That hereatter women who aro known to be re- publicuns ih prin and who possess the qualifications of axe, resid ion required of male voters, are nvited tho primary meetings ot our party with an (vote in the nomination ot candi: dates and the transaction of business, ‘The resolution was received with applause and hisses n some portions of the hall and was at once referred io the Committee on Resolutions without debate. ‘The Committee on Permanent Organization made a report, naming Hon. George S. Boutwell as chairman, with a long list of vice presidents and secretaries, Ex-Governor Clatlin, George Marston, of New Bed- ford, and George D, Robinson, of Chicopee, were ap- pointed a committee to wait on Mr, Boutwell and in- form him of the choice of the Convention and conduct him to the chair, which duty they performed, Mr. Boutwell was received with applause and invited Rev. Mr. Blanchard to invoke the Divine blessing. 1mme- diately after this Mr, Boutwell began his address, which was as follows:— MR. BOUTWELL’S SPERCH. GENTEEMEN OF THE CONVANTION—First of all, and not ¥s u ceremony, L tender you my sincere thanks for the honors of this ‘day, and I trust that it may not be thought out of plice for me in this presence to ac- thowledge my obligations to the republican party, and tiure largely even to the people of the State, tor the many evidences of confidence extended to me through 1 pertod of more than athird of a century, The State bas conferred upon me those honors and trusts, and all those honors and trusts that are reserved for the most eminent of its citizens; and now that I wish to recognize my obligations, I am compelled to confes that L cannot command an adequate torm ot expression for the sentiments that till my breast, We now enter | | | | | upon the sixth national contest in support of tue principles of the republican party ol the Union, The organization of the republican party bus never been broken, it principles are unchanged, lor they are immortal, aud the enemy it now meets is the enemy that in many hard-fought struggles it Dverthrown, If tme and experience have robbed us bf a portion of the ardor which We possessed twenty years ago, when, mustering only 1,300,000 strong, we thgaged in an unequal contest with a disciplined and tontident majority, time and experience have quali- held us also to estimate the character of the foe and | to number and measure the dangers which wait upon the country in the event of ourdefeat. It timeand | death he ve robbed us of many who were with us in the beginning; if Sumner and Wilsqy now neither lead ‘he column nor checr t8e advance, their words of eloquent patriotism and their example of conscientious devotion to duty remain, and of these | neither ime nor death c*n rob‘us. I! tine and change have robbed us of some Who were with us in the be- tinning but whose courage may not have been suf. | nent to enable them to accept the logical conclusions ot their carler teachings, lot us recall with gratitude ihe memory of their services and welcome to the places so left vacant men with braver hearts and etre er ner for the work remaining before us. i. tour ot thes: s, two of them for atime almost desperate, apparen we have been victoriou: as mi each tour yeurs something b Wuman liberty, So each succeeding contest bas seemed More importagt when we have considered the magni- tude of the possible losses in case of deteat, TUN KECORD OF THE PARTY. In 1860 we engaged in a struggle for human liderty In America. We ali knew, both parties understood, shat the linitaten of s ry to its old quarters would de followed by 18 abolition, and, as was expected, its abolition jollowed y upon the judgment of the people agamst its extension, Iu 1864 the contest was ior the Union, The resola- tons of the Chicago Convention of th t year were tho sober, well considered, carefully matured judgment the democratic party.’ They were not the product of | heat, of pussion, of excitement of any kind; they were | not the work of inconsiderate, rast youths, sor the | eclarations of novices im politics whose errors and | crimes crave public indulgence. Men of broad expe rience and accustomed to sober councils ruled in the assembly, Whose Work—I speak not of motives nor of e work of traitors The American | ked not only to excuse the crime but | the first places in the | 8 ol that base proposal rposes——was th ple are ne to exalt iis abetiors and agents t republic, Nor have the auth | so surrender the Union the poor excuse that they were | moved to the uppatriotic work by the apprehension | tbat precedes or the despair that follows defeat Our | Boldiors had subdued everything of the rebellion ex- | pec cept the hopes which were ingpired by the sympathy of the demvcratic party of the North, The vietory of Uortysburg had been won, Vicksburg had falicn, the Mssisstpmi River was opea from the Gult to the mou tains, Sherman was betore AUanta, and Farragut was | in Mobile Bay. The rebellion had’ but one hope—the | hope that the demovratic party would triumph, that the republican party would be overthrown, that tho author of the Proclamation of Emancipation would be driven trom the Presidency, and the armies of the Re- public withdrawn from the States in rebellion, “he | Chicago Covveution of 1864 offered the Union, with its glorious traditions and its priceless benellts, with U1 North addea thereto os a worthicss ion of an ignominious peace at shed toe, With the re- es of the rebels passed ot the spring, and in less anguretion the war ended. The reveilion achieved {is tirst successes in the se- fession of States uuder the auspices of a democratic kdminisiration, and its last hope disappeared wich the Manhood of thing, for th She hands of av alrea dleetion of Mr. Linc away, and with the op toan Torty days after his y fleteat of the democratic party m lot’. Henceforth {sought to estat ples and poltey of the febellion within th and to convert the Union nto a protector of ¥ and prinerples which Were and are and ever must be the chict enemy of the Unio The events which followed the doath of Mr, Lincoln Iroused the people, exposed the parposes of the lead- trs in the rebeliton and of the leaders of the democratic party, and (hus secured the success of tue republican party tn 1868, even before the canvass began, THE WORK CONSTRUCTION, From 1864 to 1872 the republican administration and the rep n party were engaged in the work of re- construction. In that work two results were sought, and sought in good faith L. That the siaves should be ob citizens and mac in all 2 That those who bad parti should be restored to ettir ated to the rank of cif rights as citizens, dim the rebelhon Pp, and the States that tored 10 théir former stand- in the Unton, the equals of the loyal | without personal penaities or per. ualifeations cither of States or of secure had secevea should bo re Ing as States Wo granted to twelve million wbite people, who had forfeited every political rixbt, all that we claimed tor | ourselves, aud We granted to lotr million biack people those rights, and those only, which they had earned by their early and constant ext bition of ioyaliy to the government, and by their eervices and sacrifices in War fur its preservation. | Was ever a victorious power more just to its allies of more magnanimous tu lis enemies? This, in state. ment, 18 the whole of the poiicy, the extent of th plan 0! reconstruction. — But we are now told that our system of reconstruction 18 & tuiluro and that our Went of foresight is a suilicient reason for driving us from power. I pause, gentlemen. to ask you snd to | ask the country wherem oar want of foresight ap- pears? Surely, only in this. That we conceded to the vanquished ioe, suppliants tor property, lie and lib- erty, those qualities of gratitude aud justice whieh, 9s | we then thought, are universal pong men. et inly imagined that gratitade to agommon benefactor fr acommon beneiit would lead thom to guard the Fights of tne negro as they Would desiro and expect the country to guard thors, ls ft our erime that | of Representatives upon the mc NEW YORK HER. in all this we have been disappointed? Is it our shame and to the honor of those who were in the rebellion und their allies of the North that they, who, if moved by justice and gratitude, would have been the protec: | tors of the negro, have conspired tor his ruin? But if we have erred to whom is our apology due? Ot whom are we to ask forgiveness? Perhaps of the negro, who t= the victim of confidence by us misplaced, and to his | great burm. Perh»ps ot the soldier of the Union, who sees the fruit of his toil wrested from those who first of all should have participated in its enjoyment Bat surely no apology can be tendered to those, forgive. Ss cannot be asked of those waose crimes have con- trivated to the partial failure of the scheme of recon- ruction, RESULTS OF DEMOCRATIC SUCCESS And if these errors are to be corrected shall the work of reformation be intrusted to its friends or to its enemies? The success of the democratic party will commund peace in the South, but it will be a peaco secured by the torcible suppression of every political opinion except its own, 14 will create a solitude tn political affairs and call tt peace. The negroes will be kept from the polls and tbe white republicans will be murdered, driven out of the country or intimidated into silence, and we shall then be told that everywhere there is order in the South. These are not dreams nor prophecies, but a plain oarrative of existing facts in several States, and to be made-universal in the South and permanent in the policy and government of the country in case the present political campaign ends tn @ democratic success. Texas, Arkansas, Mississipp!, Alabama and Georgia bave been taken by traud aud force, and by fraud and force they are now held. If men differ ag to the extent of the wrongs, tf there are questions of responsibility, of motives, which we cao hot bow answer, the fact remains that great outrages been perpetratea, that republicans bave been the suflerers, and the only'sufferers, and that conse quences have inured to the bebetit and to the benefit only of the democratic party, In ordinary affairs, @ person convicted of a crime from which he has derived special advantage is not only deprived of the mercy of (he law in tue sentence pronounced upon him, but he fails to secure from his fellow men the barren sym pathy whieh is often accorded to common criminals ‘This 1s the position of the democratic party. Nor can it now plead that these wrongs, in some alarming de- grec of vigor, do not exist. ’ ‘The resolution upon the subjer t passed by the House 4 of Mr. Scott Lord, a democrat, the resolution avopted by the Democratic puion ol New York, are alike a confession that p outrages have assunied national importance, and acontession as weil that the democratic party bas more power than others to prevent a repetition of them, If the leaders of the democratic party were sincere something might be gained, but they were more prompt to denounce the President for the only mease ure possible for preventing the outrages of which the resolutious complained than they Were in denouncing outrages themselves, and apparentiy they were much more in earnest’ Morosver, we cannot be otherwise than deeply impressed Uy the fact that these outrages im their political cousequences in the States contribute to the success of the democratic party in (he country, and that an era of real peace in | tue South would ve ruin, utter and complete rein, to their hopes. THE ENSANGUINED SIIRT. Nor should we delude ourselves with the idea that these outragés will neither be repeated in the Stats where they Lave occurred nor imitated in Siates that are yet under republican rule. The motive for these outrages not ouly continues, but its force increases each day as we approach the Presidential election, A | large part of the able-bodied white men of the Guif States are completely armed and enrolled in military orgauizations, Whose designs are aggressive and purely poiitical, On the 12th of August last, less than one mouth ago, Governor Chamberlain, of -outh Carolina, Was annomced to speak a E d Court House, im that State, ‘he meeting Was called by republicans, the speakers announced were republicuas exclusively, | and yet at the hour a body of six hundred armea men appeared and demanded one-hali of the time tor demo- cratic oraturs, This demand could not be retuse: Governor Chamberiin spoke, but under great cou straint. He was followed by General Butler, 0! Ham. burg fame. The meeting was disturbed trom the tirs' and, before the day closed, Goverpor Chamberlam an the Tepublicans, chiefly negroes, leit the grounds, fol- lowed by a democratic mow engaged in jeering and tn- sulting the Goyeraor and his supportera. 1s there any ope Whe does noi aiscern the significance of such a ay and such ascene? 1s there any one who does not realize what is in store for South Carolina, the firmest of the republican States? And with stronger reason we can foresee the fate of every State in which tbe negroes either area majority, or, combined with whites, can secure a republican victory. I! one State of the eleven is permitted tu Vote tor Governor Hayes, 1t will bo for the purpose of turnishing evidence that the suf- frages of the other ten are not the fruit of fraud or force, Isut, gentlemen, there 1s cota more suggestive and alarming circumstance than the concession which re- publicans daily make to each other and to the country, that the South will give a united electoral vote for Mr, Tilden, although we know that in four States our ma- jorities are overwheiming, and that in three others @ tree canvass and election would give us an even chunce of victory. And will you or will any of my country- men ask me why I give importance, prominence, su- premacy to the Southern question? Or says, Why not heed the suggestion that these outrages do not concern us, that we favor local sell-goverament, that in time the people of the South will correct the evila which are how the subject of compliant? I answer that T am now dealng with the question for the pur- pose of suggesting remedies for the evils, not 80 much tor the purpose of tixing the responsibility, The pert is too great, the danger 1s too imminent, for adiscussion whose Value 1s confined chietly to legis- lative balls, I am now only anxious that we shall so actus to save the country from the consequences of these wrongs. Unless we all, democrats as well as re- publicans, misjudge public sentiment and the course of events, Governor Tilden has po chance of an election, except by the Votes of States which if left to themselves would support Governor Hayes. If then, ander such circumstances, Governor Ti dvaucement will be due serupulous and as bioody as that by which Ili, passed from the Presidency of France to the throne and ttle of Emperor of the French, This 1s the grave question which now concerns the country. This is the question of questions, which the American people have never been called to cousider until now—wbether by and through a usurpation bezun and carried ou im States by organized bodies of armed men the government of the Untied States can be seized under the forms ot law by the leader ot the minority. FINANCIAL QUESTION, Above ail, do those who look anxiously for the day Wheu the paper currency of the country shall be as valuable as goid entertain the hope that the democratic party will encourage a poliey of resumption? But, gentiemen, 11 ought not to surprise any one that a party Which is jaiso to the rights of man should be indiffer- ent to the claims of business aud to the honor and good name of the country, In a word, there ig not an Interest or a right, public oF private, tat is saie in the hands of the demoeratre party, ‘The democratte party is uot the party of the country; it ts the party of a section—of n section animated by the spirit of the ro- beliion, Again, 1 say the Southern question is the greau question. Today the questions of resumption, of legislation hostile to business, of a policy injurious or fatal to the public credit, ail proceed trom tho eir- ce that the citizen hegro is not permitted to im many of the States of the South ibus does Jaw of justice bind us to the negra and compel us to protect Im in his rights as the only means of security to ourselves. Thus his question is our quee- tion. Thus are humanity and business, Justice and to a usurpation as un- prosperiiy, ln public affairs inseparably connected, |, L have thus set forth (he dangers to which wniry ‘is exposed. They are real dangers, tho chict of which is that the government may be taken under the forms of law but in’ vio- | lation of the consituuonal rights of citizens | Gisiranchised by ‘force, and im violation as Weil of the constitutional rights of us all. These are serious dangers, but they sould not give rise to | despoudeucy on our part, Rather should they inspire us with cotraze und confidence. We have never yet Appeaied in vain to the people. The great State of New York i$ intelligent aud patriotic, The destiny of the country is in tts banas, The republican party ts there lod by able und houest men, men worthy of a generous support. uor Hayes ‘and Me. Wheeler are with- out reproach. Tue _priveiples ol the republican party have been « They saved the country in time ©, they will preserve it time of peace, No other political Organization has or has ever had so glorious a record, and, if there are spots upon it, we may with pride say that it can bear some spots aud yet fear no rival. Mr. Boutwell concluded his speech at 12:15 P. M., being {requently interrupted by applause. Mr. Biatgo, from the Committee on Credentials, re- portod that 908 towns and cities were represented by 1,088 delegates, Hon, George F. Hoar took tho platform, and wai most heartily received, NOMINATION OF MT RICE, Mr. Moar said be had addressed Massachusetts re- publicaas on topics on whieh there were diifefences of opinion; to-day Le performed an agreeable duty; this year public attention was turned to the Presiden but in Massachusetts the situation of your Chiel Magis« trate is @ matter of prime importance, Tho lite of the nation includes only a century, While that of the State includes two centuries, From’the days of Join Wia- throp and Joho Endicott the Governors of Massachu- seits fave upueld the standard = of —Nb- erty. ‘ihe speaker here eulugized the early and later wernors of Massachusetts, refer- riug to the matchtess sngacity and sense of Jobu Davis, the silver-tongued speech of Rdward 1 t and the brave and tender heart of Andrew. These thiags, he said, are required of the Massachusetts Sagueity, the powers to slation by wise recommendauon, and a Ke dgmen! of mon—such aman Massachasetts now had—w, van so popular in Boston that they reiue- tantly gar upas their Mayor; who bai charge of one Of the most important comuutiees im Congress | dar the War, that ou Naval Affairs; a tnan, wha@we | telligence and patriotism were an honor to the State | ot Massachusetts, This Mr, Moar boped to see | nominated by accl: tien, He, therelore, moved that | | Avexanuer Rice be thas nomiuated. The mention of Mr. Kico’s name was received with great appiaas Mr. Hoar closed by sa ying thatthe man who thinks Samuel J. Tilden, Who gave lis infamous opiuion and dvice toward the perpetuation et the Ure Modiler nd the Union Pacitic frauds, a fit man for President, is not the man to appoint too judges who were to sit on the bench of the Supremo Court of Massachusetts, | Mr. Isaxe Stono, of Northampton, ina briet spece!, seconded the nomination, and said he deltevod that we democratic party desired that some otuer man snould be nominated Who could more easily be deleated. | From every partof the Commonwouith came calls ior | the pomination of Me. Rice, and with sack a candidate the celeat of the dewocratic candidate wouid be over- whelming. Mr, Hoar’s motion that Alexander H. Rico be nomil- | legislation in this eu ALD, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1 nated was pat and carried with but a single diasenting Voice, (immense applause.) REMAINDER OF THE TICKET. Mr. oolittle, of Boston, moved that Hon. Horatio Knight be nominated by acclamation as the cand date for Lieutenant Covernor. The motion was sec- onded by Dr. Seclye, of East Hampton, and was adopted unanimously. Mr. Blunt, of Haverhill, moved that H. B. Pierce be nominated as Secretary of Sti The motion was seconded by Herbert £ Hill, of Somerville, and was unanimously adopted, and ‘Mr. Pierce was declared the candidate for Secretary of the Commonwealth Mr. Whittemore moved the nomination by acclama- tion of Mr. Julus L. Clark as Auditor of the Com- monwealth. The motion prevailed. On motion of Mr. French, of Canton, Mr. Charles Endicott, o1 Canton, was nominated by acclamation for the offico of State Treasurer, Mr. Charles R. Train wos unanimously nominated as candidate for Attorney General of the State THE STATE CENTRAL COMMITTER Mr. Stoddard, of Worcester, moved that the Prest. dent of the Convention appoint one member from cach Congressional district on (he State Central Committee’ and that the delegates from each Senatorial district present the name of one member. Mr. Colby, of Salisvury, opposed that portion of tho motion requiring the President to appoint one member of the State Central Committee from each Congres- sional district, and said that this course, which was Urst adopted last year, bad given great dissatisiaction, Mr. Goodwin, of Lowell, also opposed the appointing of the metabers of the committee by the President of the Convention, and belicved it was hot wise policy to do 50, Mr. Faxon, of Quincy, wished that some new method might be devised tor electing a new State Ceutral Com- Mmittee, and moved, ad @ substitute, that the appoint ment of nicmbers ‘of the State Central Committee by the Senatorial districts be referred to the Senatorial conventions and elected by them, ‘Vhe motion of Mr, Colby, to strike ont that portion of Mr. Stoddara’s motion, that the President appoint ten members of the State Central Committee, was adopted by a nearly unanimous vote. ‘The question thea recurred on Mr. Faxon's substi- tute, Which was opposed by Mr, A, W. Beard, of Bos- tou, as the delay of appointing members of the State Contral Committee would be very damaging to the in- terests of the republican party, for i their appoint. ment Was postponed until the Senatorial Convention, there would be but little time tor work. Mr. A. Simons, of Boston, said that, if the motion of Mr. Faxon prevailed, it would practically place Massa- chusetts behind other States of tue Union, He hoped fora rousing republican majority in this State in November, and that the State Central Committee would be formed here aud now, and that we should go out into the campaign with ho anceriain sound, Mr, Faxon said the objections raised were oniv a bag- bear thrown in by the preceding gentleman, He hoped for a live State Central Commitice o! vigorous working men, such as he claimed would be selected if the selec- tons were referred to the Senatorial conventions. Mr, Jennesson, of Edgarton, stated that in his dis- trict the Seuatorial Couvention was not called tll the I8th of October, and it would be absurd to expect any ettective work from the S:ate Central Committee if it was not organized Ul! after that 4ime, B. B, Johnson, of Waltham, indorsed the remarks ot Mr. Beard, and a vole being takeu on Mr. Faxon’s sub- stitute the sume was rejected by a large majority, The question then recurred on Mr, Stoduard’s motion, as amended, and 1t was adopted by a decisive vote, Mr. Faxon only responding in the nogative. Mr, Long, chairman of the Committee om Resolutions, presented the followin, ‘TIL RESOLUTIONS. ‘The republican party of Masseciiusetts ratifies the action of the National Convention at Ciuelnnatt, ledges its united and eurnest support to Kuthertord B, Mmyes ah Hiaur A. Wheeler, in lull contidence that they are state mien whose character and career give unquestionable mi raneo to the whole country that they well be faithful and zewlous to maintain the equal rights of all citizens under the law, to briag about the resumption of specte payments at adate not later than that wlteady fixed by law aud to effect a thorough and radical reform in the eivil service. SPECIE PAYMENT We are in favor of 4 prompt retarn to specie payments and of taking no backward step. -We hold that the act of Congress tixing the aay for resumption sy @ help and not « Rindrance. To that end we arc in favor of putting civil service on the ground of merit and fitness, and of lifting it above the fustability of political fluctuations, We will su stain the President in retaining and. selecting with inde fendener abd iu the spirit of the constitution the agents of is administration, POLICY TOWARD THE SOUTH. We aro in favor of « policy toward the States Intely in ro- bellion which shall make the nationality of the United States so distinctly azd universally feit that national citi- zenship shall be to every human being @ protection in lito, liberty, the pursuit of happi 1d the expression of opi Jon; which sball enevurasce neation of the people, and which, the blessings of pence and the enjoyment of all ali erty under the law. h a firm but wise hand, shall restore to the South ol TRIMUTE TO GRANT. The retiring Prosident of the United States i the gratitude of the country for his achievements in its mi!i- tary xervice; for the firmness with which, as its Chief Mag- istrate, he has 40 often maintained the national honor and credit, and for the good sense with which, upholding the prerogative of his office against the encroxchments of udem- ocratic House of Kepresentatives, he has reminded that Lrauch of the government of the propriety of confining its attention to its legitimate functions. ARRAIGNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATS, ‘The democratic party has nothing in its record or its attitude tocommand cuntidence, Having Lo settled principles or policy ithas inaugurated no reform, and has added nothing to the Leneficence of the government. It trackled to the de mund of the slave power during its supremacy, and cunnot be safely intrusted wich the fate of freedmen in whoxe eman- cipation ithad no sympathy. It persistently resisted the Adoption of those amendments to the constitution which have made it the great charter of right, and its professions of acauiercence in the #® change of policy and not of heart. Remembering, that in defiance of yood taith it wantonly repealed the Missouri compromise at the bidding of the South, and reopened in 1854 the issues it bad sol- emal: declared were forever settled b; the com- promise of 1800, we have no faith in ite pre- tended acceptance of any mensures essertinl to the security or the freedom and pence of the Republic. it made haste to renew its alliance with those who would have destroyed the Republic and is repeating the perilous experiment of sectional organization In the South, founded) upon the antagonism of race and color, Its supremacy would again illustrate the ey tem which it was guilty ot inaugnrating—of making t civil service the reward for persistency of partisanship. It is guilty ot duplicity in its financial policy, anu offers to the prosperity of the country nothing except the prospect of wach interruption in the work of reconstruction, and such an unsettied and hopeless financial policy us would de- prive. business and labor of that stability whieh is the first condition of their revival. Its national can- @idutes—one of them an inflationist and the other guilay of compromising bis convictions tu eonciliate a class whose heresies he knows would lead to financial chaos; are also the disciples of thut ultra rchool, witch betore the war ud- mitted the right of a State to secede, and since the war de- nies the power of the nation to protect the lives and rights of its citizens. 0 CHARACTER OF CANDIDATES, We reiterate the declaration of « pear ago that tho ro- publican party of Massachusetts wil port no man for Oiice whose personal character is not an absolute gaaruntoe rto every public trust; and, while we stand civil service ‘reform, a return’ tow specie basis und the equal right ‘American citizens, we demand as & matter of consistency the nomination of only those can- Gidates who will be true to the fulfilment of that pledge. DEPRESSION IN TRADE, White the presont depression of business and trade is not wholly controllable by political agencies, we reeoxnize the Necessity ani pledge the endoxvors of very means for their revival; especially the necessity of » wise and not pretentions economy inall State and municipal expendit- hres aud to this end it isthe duty of every congressional, legislative and ward distriet topelect for its representatives wise nen who will co-operate ite reduction of expenses, the simplification of taxation add the prudent husbandry of the public money. ame cANpIbares, In view of the prudent und inteiligent administration of the government of this commonwealth during the current Yeats, we con nd with entire confidence to the suffrages Ot the people, Hon. Alexander Hl. Rice as again our eandi- date for Governor and with him the other nominees of this Convention, MORAL REFORMS, Woe sce with gratification im the community a popular moral movement, independent ot polities, in earnest in the cause of personal reformation, and we are in tayor ot such sMOnWeslst as will} Fomote tie causes ation, temperance, lavor and equal rights of Ameri- cwn citizens, irtesp ive of sex, We trankly differ as to methods, bat we believe that these will be best left subject to stitutional limitations toa Legisiature which is fresh | from the people and familiar with their will, NO ENTHUSIASM, ‘The mention of the names o: Hayes and Wheeler, the name of the retiring President of the United States and ot Mr, Rico were applauded somewhat, but the sentiments expressed brought out no enthusiasm, WOMAN'S | SUFFRAGE. Mr, Blackwell, a8 a member of the Committee on Resolusions, male a minority report and presented the Jemale suilrage resulution, Which he oflered at tho Opeuing of the Convention and which appears above. He hoped the mutter would be freely discussed and offered tho resoiuion as a substitute for the clause in the inajority report in reference to the question Mr. G. C. Crocker said they were first to commit themselves to woman suffrage and then to suggest some plan to carry out. He was not in favor of this Convention doing as had previous conventions—recom- Mending woman suilrage when delegates were opposed to it, He wanted this Convention to say directly whether it was in favor of woman suffrage or not. “He then moved to strike cut the words i the platform “to ail American citizens rogardiess of sex.” Mr, J. B.D. Coggswell, of Yarmouth, moved that the President of the Convention thank Governor Stewart L. Woodtord, of New York, and also my@te him to ad dress the Convention after the recess this aiternoom, The motion prevailed aiid much enthusiasm. Al thirty-tive minutes past one the Convention took @ recess untit ball-past two P.M. APTERNOON SESSION The Convention reassembled at half-past two P. M. ‘The question was taken on the ainendment proposed by Mr. Crocker, to strike out ihe words ‘to all Ameri- can citizens regardless of se Mr, Crocker's amendment was lost. ‘The resolutions as reported by the committee were then adopts ‘The question then recurred upon the proposition to adopt the additional resolution proposed by Mr, Black+ weil, ‘A vote was taken and the resolution was rejected. © ELECTORS AT LARGE. Mr, A, W. Beard nominated Mr. Thomas Talbot, of Rillerieay as an elector at large on the Prosidential ticket. . Ga motion of Mr. John D Washburn, Mr, Stephen alisbury, of Worcester, was nominated by acclama- tion as the second elector at larg Mr. Jobnson, of Waltham, offered the following reso- lution, which Was adopted :— That the State Central Committee elected by this Con. n continue in oice Mott January J, 187%, and the Xt couimittee be elected at the Senatorial Convention of 1°77, and thereafter until otherwise ordered, the term of office of the committee expire on December 31 of each yout. Ala quarter past three o'clock the business of the Conveution was concluded, and Governor Woodtord, of New York, addressed the Conveation. THE BUILDING INTEREST. Pormits were given Jast week for the erection of fif- teen new boildings, thirteen plans were passed upon and plans for sixteen alterations were filed. In the month of August 100 new buildings were commenced, sixty- three new Suildings Were completed, alterations on eighty-two were commenced, 107 alterations were com- pleted, and there were, September 2, 760 new buildings aud 161 alterations in progross, HARD TIMES. ——_—+ Meeting of the State Charities’ Association at Saratoga —— GOVERNOR TILDEN'S ADDRESS. Hon. David A. Wells on the Causes and Remedies for Industrial Depression. FREE TRADE NEEDED. Honest Money and Financial Stability a Necessity for All Classes, Saxatoca, Sept. 5, 1876. The Conference of Charities met in the Town Hall at half past three o’clock this afternoon, and were called to order by Charles 8, Hoyt, Secretary of the New York State Board. oe introduced Governor Tilden, whe made the following adaress of welcome :— GOVERNOR TILDEN’S ADDRESS, GENTLEMEN OF THE CONPERENCE OP CHARITIES—AS Chief Magistrate of the State of New York it is my pleasing offico to welcome you to this charming and fashionable resort, which i3 fast becoming tho shrine of political, social and scientific pilgrimages. Two great conventions, forming an essential sharo of the voluntary machinery by which competitions of parties are carried and elective government over continent is made possible, have recently held their sessions in this place, and to-day your conference, connected with the Association for the Advancement of Social Science, brings to this same charming retreat a class of mon with vory differ- ent objects, not less important, more comprehen- sive in their scope and more permanent in their con- scquonces. It brings here gentlemen distinguished for their learning, for their accomplishments and for their benevolence. A conterence of charities! What a noble rivalry is implied in these words, You are here no€ to turther your own inicrests, not even to promote the material well being of those communities which you represent, but to consider what can best be done to cure the wounds and maladies of society. What has thus far been accomplished toward remov- ing tho evils of pauperism, crime and insanity will be disclosed to you when the regular reports of the com- mittees charged with these subjects shall come betore you. I will not anticipate them nor trench upon their domain, My office 1s simply to express to you the arnest sympathy, the strong approval and the spirit of co-operation of this great Commonwealth, which 1 Tepresent to-day. THR MARCH OF SCIRNCE. In the past three centuries the progress of sclenco has been something marvellous. In astronomy, ge- ology, physics and chemistry and in all of those de- partments of science which in modern pbrase ure com- prehonded under the name ot biology, the achievements have been go vast that the earlier discoveries in science would have to go through a fresh novitiate to under- stand what are now ascertained facts. Kopler ana ‘ewton would scarcely comprehend tho revelations of the modern instruments that have been employed to discover the interior constitution of heavenly bodies, while thoy could merely watch and define the general movements of these bodies and ascertain their sur- face. It is given to us to discern the secret internal constitution of those bodies. Priestley, Lavoisier, and even Davy would have to go through new training to entitle them to be calied chemists. 1n all the depart- Ments of science these achievements havo been thus great. By what means, by what methods have these great results been ‘accomplished? By — patient study, By diligent experiment, By researches per- sistently carried imto the secret working places of nature. You will unswer, it wus not by these meaus alone. It was in a large degree by the application of SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS ‘and scientific methods to these inquiries. Now you Propose, gentlemen, to extend the application of this method stili further—to apply the same implements and modes of inquisition to the problems of human society, I congratulate you that in doing it you do it under the auspices of tho Scciety for the Promotion of Soctal Science. I feel quite sure that you must derive instruc- tion and aid—at jeast that you will ab orb much that is interesting and that fs valuable from association wih the intelligent, cultivated geutlemen who belong to that association, You assume that the complex pheuomena of soctety—its grand tides of moyenient, {ts sacces- sions of changes, growth and decay of populations, mortality, pauperism, crime—are capable of being re- duced to formula, being analyzed, studied ana stated in the results of 'your diseoveries. Now, gentlemen, it seems to me that no more interesting, no more im- Fortant object of investigation could be presented to the human mind 1 am quiic sure that tho application of the same philosophy whica has achieved such grand results elsewhere will astonish you; will astonish everyone by the results which it will attain tn this new department to which it will be apphed. Even those most uncertain things that de- pend on the human will are capable of being studicd, of being analyzed, of being classified and ther results stated, Human !ife has beon held forth in the sacrod writings and in all ages as the most uncertam thing possible, and yet if you will take a large number of individual hives and’ group them you cam compute within a fraction their average duration, DEMAND AND SUPPLY. In tho great metropolis in which my home is and its immediate suburbs there are something like 500,000 families, It would be scarceiy probable that any ove of those families should know what food they will have upon their table to-morrow, and yet every one goes to market without concerg, without plan, even without purpose. They find everything they cesire to supply their wants | or — gratify their tastes, and nothing of any importance is left at the end of the day. . All over this continent, in every partof it, myriads of busy hands are preparing supplies for this great mart of traffic and centre of population. In the immediate vicinity tne articies of heavy transport and small vaiue are pro- duced; {ar off in the blue grass region of Kentucky and Tennessee and on the broad savannas of Texas 1s being prepared the bee! which every day feeds this immeuse population, and in ail jhese tens cf thousauds of producers there is no convert, no plan. No man kuows what bis neighbor is to produce. No man knows who will buy the products of his own industry, aud yet all the results of their production are sent forward to tho market. Allare in demand apd all find every day an adequate sale. Take even a broauer field. Each one of our 45,000,000 of peopie is choosing what be desires to possess, to consume, to enjoy, of the products of for- eign climes. Each one is proposing what be shail take Jrom lis own labor to pay tor what be purchases from abroad, ‘There have been those who have kept awake nights for fear that we should buy everything from abroad and sell nothing, and, thereidre, :apidly become baukrupt. (Laughter.) Aduressing Hon. D. A, Wells, President of the Social Science Association, he said:—I believe you have been able to save yoursell aud rescue muny others trom that apprehension, (Applause, You have seen that it is hot necessary jor two or Uiree Hundred wise men in the city of Washington to decide aud specity what we shall sell, amd what we shal! buy, in order to save us from the calamity which would’ otherwise fall upon us ntlemen, how is it that this great multitude of ‘individual wills and individual tastes, acting separately and —tndependenily, find themselves averaged aud compensated until every: hing tends to aud everyihing results in the equil- Hbrium of forces, tas that the Divine Being has im- pressed upon everything order, method and law. (Ap- plause.) Even tie most divergent, even the most un- certain, even those things in the mdividual taste which we cannot foresee or caiculaie upon atall, when wo roup them in large masses, reduce themselves to intel- figwole forms, Now, I undersiand that what you pro- pose to do is to apply this same method of investiga:ion to pauperism, to critne, to insanity and wll thos s where governmental Interference or goverumental 1- telligenco 1s deemed to be necessary, 1 do not doubt if you will study these subjects with attention, diligence, and patience, that you will confer great benefactions upon this community. and upon ihe whole country. 1 cannot conclude, however, without ONE WORD OP WARNING, and that ts thi fhe emotioual and sympathetic mind seeking out relief for evil distinctiy seen and strongly felt, looking, perhaps, upon a specitic evil, with a view somewhat out of proportion to ite relation to ail the interests of — so- city, and going to the public treasury for a fund from which to graufy iis humane and charitable to- suncts, and not restrained by any consideration limit. ing Its disposition or its power, no doubt leads some- times to extravagance in the public charities. IT had occasion last year and the year betore to object to tho magnilicenco of tue public buildings being rected in this State for these purposes, and the caution I wish to suggest to you to-day is this, that, while all the heaven-born, God-given enti: ments of humanity may fairly have their scope in operating upon your minds and your hearts fe impel you to relieve the ovils of this character which exist among us, you want, If possible, to unite jn your action prudesce, caution, frugality and the economy of the thorough in9p of |asiness, (Applause) You want, for the sake of the objects of your chart that it shall be as efficient a8 possible, and: that the funds for these benetactious shail nut be exhausted or consumed without the greatest possible results being derived thercirom; and you want, for the rest of the community, that the bur. dens for these objects shall net become intolerable, (Applause) While wo exercise every sentiment of humanity, while we do ail in our power to relieve mistortune avd to overcome evils, and apply discipline and entorce reformation, at the same time we must bear in mind that tho industrious millions 876.-TRIPLE SHEET. who keep out of the poorhouses and penitentiaries aro also entitled to the consideration and the care of tho government, (Applause,) We must gee to it that wo do not foster, as in a hotbed, the very evils which we seek to remov We must seo to it that our methods are well devised, are prudent and are effective, and if, a3 has been some- times said, in applying the method belonging to the study of the physical sciences to social problems, if, as has been said, that method in its application to the physical sciences has tended to nurture too much reli- ance on human intellect and to draw us away from a natural depenaence on what is er aod vetter when you come to apply these methods to social iife, when you come to contemplate minutely as with a microscope the wrongs, the frau- ties and weaknesses of humanity, we would rectily that tendeucy and our minds would be led, through these laws, up to the great Source from which all laws are derived. (Applause) Gentlemen of the Conference, for the people of the State of New York, in your grand and nobie and benevolent work, I bid you God speea (Loud applause.) ADDRESS BY DAVID A. WELLS. CAUSES AND REMEDY ¥OR THE UNIVERSAL DE- PRESSION IN INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE, Saratoga, Sept, 6, 1876. At tho evening session of the Conference of Charities Hon, David A. Wells delivered along and remarkable address. MR. WELLS’ ADDRESS, We have room only for the jollowing extracts from Mr. Wells’ able and interesting address as the causes ond remedies for the present universal depression of ingustry :— THE SITUATION, This is the coptennial year of our national existence, Never betore bave we been so rich 1m natural resources, which in their agzregate are undoubtedly greater than are enjoyed by any other people. Seed ume aud har- vest, which in most other countries are ever matters of anxiety, scem so little to fail us that the ouly ques- tion concerning their results 1s but a question of how great shali be the abundance. The social and political diticulties of other countries come us as the murmur of a far-off ocean, Our instramen- talties for imtercommunication, for the diitu- sion of knowledge and the education of tue masses never were greater, while the gathered products of our multipied industries, displayed as never veiuro, indispatavly prove that the hand of our craftsman has lost nothing of tts cunuing, On the other hand, there isno one port upon Which there is at present a more perfect unison of sentiment among the people of this country than that the umes, to use a familar @x- Pression, are sadiy outot joint. The revurns of capital invesied’ in almost every species of industrial enter prise are declared to be unsatisfactory. Labor every- where complains that it 1s inadequately rewarded, or 18, not alforded an opporunity of earning an honest livali- hood; and the lavor of other countries, which lormerly flocked to our shores as an Eldorado of industrial op- portunity, testifies of its faith in the alleged griev- ances of lubor by refusing, in a great measure, to any longer come, or by returning disappointed to its original avocations—the Imumigatiou for the fiscal year 1875 having beeu only 175,000, as compared with 459,805 tor the fiscal year 1573, ‘Trade 1s stagnant and does not revive, Ccnstructive works to mect the necessities of a certain future growth in busines# and population have nearly ali been sus- pended. Coufidence between man aud man in respect to all financial aud commercial transactions has been greatly impaired, or rather almost entirely destroyed; while every department of public administrative trust seems stricken and pervaded with a gangrene of cor- Tuption and meapacity. What, now, are the causes of theso striking contrasts and experiences, and wherein are to be found remeaies for a condition of affairs so obviously unnatural and unsatisiactory are questions which come very cluse to the material and moral wellbeing of every Ameri- can, and require no apology for being presentod for the consideration of an association specially devoted to the investigation of social and economic phenomena. VALUE OF THK WORLD'S ANNUAL PRODUCT, ‘The question of the amount of capital, the results of the accumulation oi their own labor, available to the people of the United States, as an instrumentality for the aitainment of material abundance, in comparison with the amount of capital similarly accumuiated im other countries, leads (0 a discussion of tbe compara- tive wealth of different nations; the value of this an- nual product, the annual net gain over all expenditures twat is available for use as new capital inthe work of production, and the per capita ol national wealth in diferent countries, supposing an equal aistribu- tion of wealth could be eflected. From 1863 to 1870 the annual income of the United Kinguom of Great Britain (England, Scotlaud, Ireland and Wales) was $4,300,000,000; of France, $4,000,000,000; of the German Empire, $3,625,000,000; of Austria, $3,000, 000,000, and of Russia, $2,60v,000,000. These tigures, understand me, represent the gross annual income of these nations—their net annual income, or the original savings out of which the nation provides food and clotinng, and pays all taxes and expenses, and saves for new capital, being about one-fourth less. Doustiess these estimates—especialiy those for Great Britain— seem sraail, but it must be remembered, in judging of them, that the income of a very Jarge proportion of every nation does not represent services directly pro- ductive, or, in other words, is a second hand or di pendent income, paid out of the nation’s original ears ings, and, unless properly allowed for, gives to any estimate of national income 4 magnitude that is un- warranted and deceptive. But, correct or not, the esti- quates given ure the resulis of the only mv¥Sugattons that have been made on the subject, and made by men whose ability to arrive at correct opinions cannot be questioned. HOW MUCH DOES THE WORLD SAVE? How much out of these annual incomes is saved and Made available jor use as new capital 1s also variously estimated, but it is a current opinion among econe- mists that the Frenchman, considered nationally, saves more out of is income than an Englishman, aud tht, a8 a whole, the British people are more economi- cal than the Americans. While, there may have been some agencies which, acting ‘universally avd contemporaneously, have contributed to occasion the economic disturbance which ail civilized countries seem to be experiencing, the results of investigation will, I think, establish uo one point more clearly than that the general result wo recognize has been due rather to the concurrent action ot very many causes, originally local, and which, it nations had been isolated 10 tue extent that they were 100 years ago, would have been exceedingly limited or endomic in their intlucnces, but which, under the close relationship into which nations have been brought by improved meang of intercommunication, have become ali-pervadiog or epidemic in their influences. INFLUENCE OF LAUOR-SAVING MACHINERY AND PROCESSES. Of such gencral causes, originating specially in no one country, but cothing iw action and producing disturbance throughout the whole circle of civilized States at nearly the same time, Lean think of but ono that is eutitied to be thus chissitied, and that is tho steady and extensive introduction and use of labor- sav: chinery und processes, Going back to a date not more removed than 1860, there is hardly a branch of regular indastry in which a given product or resuit of that date canoot now be produced with a suialler number ot laborers, or, what 18 the same thing, com- puring the two periods Indicated, the employment of the same amount of labor results in a greatly lucreased product. Thus a comparatively few years ago the business of manufacturing boots and shoes was uimost exclusively the result,of hand Jabor, applied in numer- ous detacued shops or dwellings Now these little Foparate processes of labor are disappearing, the busi- ness {8 being gathered into large iaciortes, and one man aves with machinery and with greater facility the sane Work that turee men did in 1860, In @ business so long established us the manuiacture of cotton the summing up of results has been thus stated:—Since 1860 almost ail cards are self stripping; with beter spiuning machines the proportion of spiudles to a hand has greatly locreased; in the dressing ol yarn one man aud a boy do the work of cigut mea; and weavers, when paid by the piece, universally weave more cloth per hour, Otuer tilusirations to the sane effect are so numerous and familiar that I will specificaliy call at- tention (o but one ocher under this nead, which the London Kcoacmist considers as gufliciently importance to stud by ttselt and be cited as specially responsible for what It calls tue present “diffused commercial ue- pression” —nauiely, the opening of the Suez Canal at the close of 1569. Some of the remarkable results which have followed the opening of this great work lave been thus reported, lt diveried irom employinent between 1870 and 1874 about 2,000,000 sairng vessel tonnage, and substituted steam tonnage passing through the canal It shorieved the time for operatio. s in India pro suce in Europe to the extent of five-sixths: and this economy ot time, conjortly with the use of the tele- graph, bas pot only ooviated the necessity of accumu- luting and carrying large stocks of India produce in Europe (which'was essential when every Indian order necessitated 81x months alter it was given Jor its tulill- ment), but has aso correspondingly diminished the great advantaye which England formerly enjoyed in s trade from ter immense capital and credit, In ee I has restored tg the Mediterranean ports the commerce of Indio, of which they were so disastrously deprived at’ the close of the titeenth by the discovery of Vasco de Gama o! tae route by the C: ‘ Good Hope. Or, to sum up, it has rendered unnecessary so large and £0 Costly aa atnount ofthe old machinery of au important hraneh of the world’s trade—waretions! ling vessels, capital, six nionths’ bills and the merchant himself and bis retinue of employ nd Las so altered and twisted so many Of the existing modes und channels of business as to cause Immense losses, misehict and confusion. Another curious result noted is that while the anuual vaine of this inde-Ruropean trade—estimated at over $527,000, 000 in 1870—haa declined ten per eout in 1874, or to the extent of over $50,000,000, the diminished Value was represented by such an increase of quantity Vhas 250,000 tons of additional suipping were required to carry it; and [ would also suggest, woat seems Wither to bave been overlooked, iat to the recent ex- tensive coustraction of railways in India, conjoinuy with the Suez Canal, should be referred, tn part, the recent deciine in the value of silver, 60 exteusively used jn the Bast as & circulating meuium—the quantity of any eir- culating medium required for facilitating exchanges being imversely proporwonal to the rapidity of circula- tion, Now that all improvements in machiuery, pro- cesses and methods, whereby time aud labor are saved, cost diminisued and abunainee made greater, will in the long rau prove a benefit to mankind as a Whole, 18 4 propo-ition that probably no one will Venture to deny. In iaet, as has been pointed out by Mr. Atkinson, of Boston, tue very circumstance of the destruction of What bas once been wealth in the form of old machin- ery and is replacement by new, because the new will Produce more cheaply, is in \iself one of the greatest advance steps in civilization; but that society requires: time to accommodate itself to such changes and that, during the per: come to tndivid which tho evidence is equ Period Of transition the present 18 pre-eminently, DIMINISHED AGRICULTURAL PRODU Tosum up now and say speciicaily what has been the oggregace etlect,in the way of impoverishinent, from ail these agefeles, is. a task not within U rovince of the possible. We can-only ailirm, without fear of con- tradiction, that {t has bee im! Bai, betore dis- ‘Missing the subject, there is matter of evidence 4 which I'do not think has as yot been brought before the pudlic, to which I would ask your brief attention, and that is the comparative or absolute decrease in the Production of those staple articles which may be fe- garded, more, than ail other things, as the ium- damental elements of wealth in this country and which are also our enief articles of ex- pees ae take the ratio of bape lon of cotton, corn, tobacco, pork, seeds, hemp, buckwheat and other Daecaivaral preteen established year by year, trom 1850 to 1560 inclusive, and use that ratio to ecaleuiate the product of these same articles in 1870, we shail find that ihe arrest of production or the retardation of increase, has been almost startling, amounting (according to my {rt Mr. Hinebman, of New York, who has kindiy made the calculations for me) in the case of cotton, 74 per cent; corn, 26 per cent; tobacco, 27 per cent; pork, 22 per cent; butter, 29 per cent; kemp, 71 per cent; buck- wheat, G0 per cent; maple sugar, 10 per cent; hovey per cent, and grass seeds 73 per'cent, On the other hand, a very few of our great agricultural products, notably wheat, oats, bay and hops, show a product considerably greater in 1870 than would have been had the crop simply followed the law of ratio of increase prevailing from 1850 to 1860; the crop of wheat, for example, having been 257,000,000 bushels in i870, against an estimate of 242,000,000 bushels founded on the previous ratio of iperease, Here, then, is demon- stration that many who in 1870 were consumers ot engaged in occupations which are said to be overdone, should have been employed in supplyimg the large deliciencies 1 our staple agrienitural products te which | bave called your attention, Again, the pre dominant interests m.this country being agricultur: what better evidence of a heaithy, prosperous nee growth could we have than an increase in well im proved, well stocked farms, in excess of the growth of population, We bad that evideneo from 1850 to 1860 iu an increase during that period of forty-four per cent in improved acres, While the inerease of population during the same time was but thirty-five per cent, Bat from 1560 to 1870 the number oi Improved acrea increased but sixteen per cent or six per cent less than tho increase of population. And in regard to stock there were absolutely 900,000 less of neat cattlo, $8,000,000 less swine and 900,000 less of working oxen In 1870 than in 1860. During the same period there was a comparative falling oif in the number of horses on farms, and an absolute falling off in the number of mules and asses; while there was an addition of nearly 250,000 horses to other than farm parposes—in the main uudoubdtedly for pleasure purposes. ‘These last, ata moderate estimate of $200 cach per annum for their keep, involve an outlay ot $45,000,000, and enffi- ciently indicate where the exceptional excess of hay and oat product, avove noted has gone to, Tho excess in the product of hops also tells its own story, while the deticiencies 1» the coarser toods—pork, Tye, buck- wheat, potatoes, beans and peas—speek clearly ot a change to a nore sumptuous living among the masses oi the people. Did time suitice | would gladly present the topic more fully, but, through the crack of tho door | have opened, those who bave eyes to look in may see something of ourreal condition and draw their own conclusion. DISCUSSION OF REMEDIES. But a reduction in public expenditures is not the only necessary change iu our Guanetal policy. Second—In every progressive country, especially in such a country as tne United States, where brain and fingers are unusually active, the results of manufactur- ing industry, through the combined application and in- vention of Jabor saving wachinery anu processes, tend to merease in a lar greater ratio than population, The machine or process, for example, which saves the labor of twenty men, and thereby practicaily adds thas: bumber to the torce engaged in other brauches of pro- duction, requires very probably Jor its support not more of industrial product than would have been ade- quate to the necessities of a single one of the men whose occupation tt has supplanted. Ot this the ex- perience of the United States turaishes most striking jilustrations, Thus, taking the period from 1860 to 1870, we find, according to the census, that, while the gain’ in population was less than 38 per cent, our manufactures iucreased 52 per cent in kind or 30 per contin excess of the population. Or, taking a more apecitic example, in 1840 9,000 persons in Cincinnau en- gaged in manutacturing produced $16,335,333 1-3, or at a tate of $1,500 per head, while at present the same city, recently reported 61,000 engaged in corresponding em- ployments, producing to the value of $144,000,000 per annum, orat the rate of $2,800 per head. Again, ata recent convention of the stove trade at St. Louis, it ‘was reported that under what myght be called a healthy trade, there is at present atleast 33 per cent greater cupacity for maxing stovesin the United States than the country requires, and that three men now, with the aid of machinery, can produce as mavy stoves ag six nen, unaided, could nave done in 1369 Now it 1s the Jegitimate, permanent and regular excess of pro- duction over consumption that coustitutes the surest or rather the only basis for large remuneration for both labor and capital; and it is in this pre-existing excess that is Lo be found the secret why wages have for so many years been high inthe United States and the rate of interest large. Buton the other hand, if the surplus of production over consumption 18 not allowed, to have a freo market, 1 it cannot flow out of th country through the channels of export, it inevitably rolls back upon the domestic markets, decreasing prices to @ point where trade and commerco can re- sume their natural and normal channels, or paralyzing industry until consumption again becomes equal to oF exceeds production, both ef which resuliy the manu facturer instinctively resists by what seems to him the only practicable methods available, namely, reduction ot Wages, or suspension of production. Now this is exactly what the fiscal policy of this country for the last fifteen years has tried to accomplish, and has suc- ceeded in accomplishing. It does not, m so many words, say to the American maputacturer, or other producer, you shall not export; but it does’ virtually Say to producers in other countries, you shall not im- port, and iu shutting others out we at the same time necessarily shut ourselves in. Woe have ignored ¢! economic Maxim that al! trade 1s essentially barter— the exchange of the pro@ucts or services of one for the products or services of another; that money 1s used 1n- ternationally fur the settling of comparatively small balances ; that if we won't buy we can’t sell, and that ii we won't or can’t sell, we cant buy. There is no such thing, take the world general!y as overproduction of things necessary or desirable, and there never will be as back and gides are bare, hands-~and feet cold, oF stomachs of human beings have not within them that which will satisfy. Butthere is sucha thing as restricted consumption, due to artificial enhancemeut ol prices and artiticial restrictions on the {ree inter. change of products, There 1s no limit to the capacity of the world to consame desirable Produnte, if circum- stances are such that itcun consume, We have a striking iliustration of this of present occurrence. The cotton crop of 1874-5 was be.ow tue average and prices ruled comparatiuely high. The season closed, there- fore, with a large uncohsumed surplus. Tho cotton crop of 1875-6 is large and prices have ruled from three to five ceuts less per pound than tu 1874-5. The re- salt has been that, in spite of continued hard times, tho world’s consumption has come forward, using up ail the surplus of last year and bidding fair to use up all tho smcreased product ot this. Another illustration to the same effect ia to be found in the transactions of the current year in quicksilver. The product having beon gre the price in California has experienced a very mark: reduction and tho resuit has been that the foreign con: sumers, mainly Chinese, ha’ me forward and ab sorved 11,803 tasks iu the Grst six months in the year, as compared with 4,863 flasks in the first six monihs of 1875. What the industry aud commerce of the country most need at the preset time, what the welfare of hus manity at large everywhere requires, 1s that all restrics tions on trade and commerce, and we would also say on banking, shall, to the greatest possible extent, be re moved, and until they are removed thé maximum ot prosperity for this country and its people never will be attained, There has been un immense amount written and gaid of late years on the desirability ot undesirabuity of removing or continuing thest reatrictions, but the whole case is contaimed, as if were, ina nutshell, There is no wealth to ve ma through trade or exchange of products beyond the sim- ple ecouomy that results trom the producer supplying the consumer cueaper than the consumer can sup- ply bimseif by his own eflorts; and the instincts of man may be better trusted to find out the limits of this economy than aay legislators in Congress as- sombled, Finally, if this nation expects to be prosperous, it has got 10 be more honest than it bas been or now 1s, We have got to have honest money if we expect to trade with all the world, and we may be certain that @ ation with eur resources and population present and Prospective will never be satisfied with any less ex- tensive circle of trade; we must have a money that will suitall the world. And il wo are to re-establish in- dustry home anu defy the competition of toreiga producers in our own markets, we must have a cure rency to use as a Measure of value, and as a solvent for Setting debts, that {s certain and reliable; and we must discontinue the use of one the function of which, 1a these respects, is 0 uncertain aud so unreliable ag ta entail an element of rmsk and therefore of additional cost on allyroduction and exchange, and an entire lack ot contidence in respect to all business transactions, between man and man, extending forward into tht future. So long as this currency question remains un- | seitled, and 1s not settled in the way that all expert ence and natural jaws ordaip, business will remain Je pressed, coutidence will not be restored, and labor will not have its full reward. 1 believe it to be no exag: goration to assert that the cowardly refusal of both the recent political national convenuons to deal with this question will _deflmitely result in such a postponement of specific action as will cost the country at the very least $1.000,000,000, and that any plap resulting in @n early resumption of specie paymeats will occasion infinitely less of eco nomic ¢isturbance than tho continuance of the pres- ent “waiting on time and jee”? policy. “Capital,” said en eminent British statesmip—the Marquis of Sau.sbury—in a recent address beiore the Mancuester Chamber of Commerce, ‘will go, as we all know, to any part of the world. It will fuce any diffi. culties and dangers in seeking employment, But there isone Uniog that frighteas it back, and that is any great uncertainty as to the conditions under which it is to be employed, If knows the worst it caa adapt itgelt to the worse, but if there is a probability of some great change of Uncertain scope and import upot which some attach large and some a small importanet the calculations become so uncertain that no one liket to risk Lis money in the venture,’ Such, then, are some o! the things which, in my nion, have got to bo done before (as a people) we ‘expect permanent relic from the present situation, There may be—there douvtiess are—wany measured which could be taken whic would prove In the bigh- est degree remevial. An eminent merchant, knowing that I proposea to speak about to-night, writes me that, in his opimon, one of the things essential to bet. ter Dusiness 1s to resubsidize American ocean steam. ers, This may beso, bat the evils I by especially enumerated mast be removed belore, ag a nation, we ean seine geane \o flounder in the slough of de spon : THE NEWARK OIL FIEND. Harrington, the young man in Newark,who bas beet ruining iadies’ dresses by squirting oil on them nightly in the streets, has added perjary to his other offence, He swore he did not throw the ‘oil, Subsequently he ‘said he swore to a lie; that ho had thrown the ol. He 4 Liable to two wears’ imprisonment and a Gne of $500,