The New York Herald Newspaper, August 11, 1876, Page 2

, NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, AUGUST 4, 1876.—WITH SUPPLEMENT. STANLEY) The Great Explorer's Attempt to Survey the Albert Niyanza, RADDA REGGA’S HOSTILE —TORDE. The Naming of Beatrice Gulf-Re- treat to Uganda, THE PALEFACES OF GAMBARAGARA A Beautiful People and Their Mountain- Top Fortress. USONGORA’S SALT FIELDS Rumanika, King of Karagwe, Be- friends the White Man. ON THE KAGERA RIVER. ‘ | Its Lakes and Floating Islands—The Gains to Geography So Far. Kawasoa, Fuonriee Vittacn, ) Brrweex Unvoro anp UGanpa, CeNtRAL Araica, Jan. 18, 1874 J | Six days ago the Anglo-American expedition, under | my command, and 2,000 choice spearmen of Uganda | under command of * perul’? Samboozi, were ent camped at Unyampaka Unyoro, on the shore of the Albert Niyanza, fulfilled his promise to me so far as to furnish me with Mtesa, Emperor of Uganda, taithtully | force suflicient to pierce the hostile country of Kabba Rega and to penetrate to the Albert Niyanza, near which We wore encamped three days, But though we were Buccessiul to far as to r ae the lake, drink of its Waters, take u couple of astronomical observations and procure much information respecting the contiguous Was outof the question, unicss 1 then and there ro- solved to terminate my journey with the exploration of the Albert. Kabba hi pect that 2,200 men could long occupy Un, For having penetrated by force through ‘s country, It would have been folly to cx- mpaka in | | tountries, I soon perceived that exploration of the lake | | | tho fuce of the thousands which Kabba Rega, King of Cnyoro, and Miambuko, King of Ankoi , Would array | Against them. yo THOROLE TARE POR WHITE MAN. } hot Ever stneo Sir Samuel Baker and his Egyptian force provoked the hostility of the successor to Kamrasi, Cnyoro is a closed country to any man of a pale com. | Besides, plexion, be he Arab, Turk or European Gordon’s officers in the north frequently engage the ever they are met, avd thus the hate a bears to FE opeans is not diminish- Ing. South of Unyoro extends the conntry of Ankort suhabited by a powerful tribe, whose numbers have generally been found sufficient to give Mtesa measure for measure and biow for blow, and whose ferocity aud singular aversion to strangers have compelled all trad- ing caravans to keep clear of them, AN ESCORT OF TWO THOUSAND Mt Upon considering the chances of su 33 along the | Various routes to Lake Alvert it became too evident to moe that, unaided by a force of Wag: I could not so much as reach the lake, and that even with the Waganda, unless tho Emperor assisted me with 50,000 | oF 69,00, it would be almost hopeless to expect that we | cvuld hold our ground long enough to enable me to Bet out on a two months’ voyage of exploration, and find ou my return the expedition stil! intact and sate, On representing these ideas to the Emperor he and his chiefs assured me that 2,000 men were amply suilicient, as Kabba Reg Ww Kabba Roga on the throve of Kamrasi. woul! not are Iift a epear against the nda, because it was he (tesa) who had seated Though not quite convinced with tho assurances Mtesa gave me that there would be no trouble Lentreated him no further, but accepted thankfully General Samboou and 2,000 men as escort. UGANDA SAPELY TRAVERSED. Our March across Uganda, west and northwest, was uninterrupted by any event to mar the secret joy I telt in being once more on the move to new fields of ex ploration while We thade a brave sbow of spears and guns marching across the eazy sweils of pastoral Western Uganda, Gaine was also abundant, aad twen- ly-sevon harte bests fell victims to my love of hunting | aud our necessities of life. A LOPrY CAMP. Having arrived at the frouticr of Unyoro wo mado Ml warlike proparations, and on January 5 entered Kabba Rega’s territory, The people fled before us, leaving their provisions in their baste behind them, of Which we made free use. On the 9th we camped at the base of the tremendous mountain cailed Kabuga, at an altitude of 6,500 feot abo ridge on which wo ea e the sea Kast of the low d the Katonga River was founding from the north to the cast on its course tow- ard Lake Victoria, und west of the camp the Rasango Rivor boomed hoarse thunder from its mony cataracts and folls as it rushed tward to Lake Albert. One of tho many spurs of Kabuga we obtained a pass- From ing glimpse of the king of mountains, Gambaragara, which attains an altitude of between 15.000 and 15,000 feet above the cocan. Snow |s trequently seen, though Rot perpetual On its summit dweti the chief medi- cine mon of Kabba Rega, a people of European com- plexion. A RACK OF SINGULARLY MeACTIFEL wows. Some half dozon of these people Ihave secn, and at sight of them I was reminded of what Mukamba, King Of Uzigo, told Livingsione and mysoit respecting white | people who live far north of his country. ‘They area handsome race, and some of tho women are singularly beautiful. Their bair iskinky, but inclined to brown in Color. Their features are regulur, lips thin, but ther | noses, though well shaped, afe somewhat thick at the | point Several of their desceadunts are scattered throughout Unyoro, Ankori and Ruanda, and the | Toyal family of the lattor powertul Suntry are distin. guished, 1 am told, by their pale complexions. Tho Queen of Sasua Islands, in the Victoria Niyanza, is a descendent of this tribe, WHKNCE CAME THESH PROFLE? Whence came sis singular people I have had no moans of ascertaining except from the Waganda, who say that the Orst King of Unyoro gave them the kod apoand the base of Gamburogara Mountain, wherein through many vicissitudes they have continued to reside for centuries. On the approach of an | fuvading best they retreat to the summit of the mountain, the intense cola of ‘which deties the most deiermined of their cnemies, Two years ago Emperor Mitesa despatched his Prime | ‘Minuster with about 100,000 men to Gambaragara and | various | we had no hostile intention, an | cartridge dispersed them, | Uganda, Usongora; but though the great Genoral of Uganda | Tsongora without the news of so singular an apparition occupied the slopesand ascended a great height in | becoming notorious, pursuit, he was compelled by the inclement climate to descend without having eaptured more than a few black slaves, the pale-faced tribe having retreated to their impregnable fortress at the summit, ‘The mountain, it appears, 1s an extinct volcano, for on the summit is a crystal clear lake, ubcut 500 yards in length, from the centre of which rises a column-like rock toa great height, A rim of firm rock, like a wall, surrounds the summit, within which are several yil- lages, where the principal medicine man and his people reside, THE MEN OF THE TRIBE, ‘Two men of this tribe, who might be taken at first | glance for Grecks in white shirts, accompanied Seka- | jugu, a sub ebief under Samboozi, and oar expedition to Lake Albert and back to Uganda, but they were extremely uncommanicative, and nothing of the bis- tory of their tribe could I obtain from them. Their diet consists of milk and bananas, and they were the only men of rank inthe entire force uncer Samboozi who possessed more than two mileh cows to supply them with milk whileon the march, Sekajugu, to whom they were friendly and under whom they had enrolled themselves, states that they rebelled against Kubba Rega, and, to avoid his vengeance, sought refuge with him, Another specimen of this tribe of white complexioned people I saw at the Court of Mtesa inthe person of Vrince Namionju, the brother of the reigning King Nyiku of Gambaragara. When I first saw him 1 took him fora young Arab of Cairo, who bad taken up bis residence in Uganda for some unknown reason, and it was not until I had seen several specimens of the same pale color that I could believe that there existed a large and numerous tribe of people of such singular color in the heart of Africa, romote from the track of all trav- | ellers aud trading caravans, ANOTHRR ETRANGE TRIDK, Africa is certainly the “haunt of light-headed fable,” Tomance and superstition, bat { shall believe here- after that there exists some slight modicum of trath | inall the statements and revelations of these simple people. On the shores of the Victoria, in Usukuma, 1 heard of a people far north possessing very large dogs, of such fleree naturethat they were often taken to war against the enomies of thelr masters. These peopie I subsequently ascertained to be the Wakedl, a tribe liv- ing north of Usoga. The same people also, in their wars with Uganda, have —_ frequently been found wearing iroa armor, About four ye when exploring the Tanganyika with Livingstone, I heard there existed a race of white people north of Uzige, At that time Livingstone and elf smiled at the absurdity of a white people living in the heartiof Africa, and ascribed the report to the brown color of the Warundi, seen the country of these white people, but several 3 AZO, | specimens of themseives at different periods and in | different places, Were it not for the negroia hair I should say they were Europeans or some light-colored Asiatics, such as Syrians or Armenians, A CLEW TO TNEIR ORIGIN, Apropos of these singular people, I have heard that the tirst King of Kisbakka, a country southwest of Karagwe, was an Arab, whose scimetar is still pre- served with great reverence by the present reigning family of Kisbakka, ON TO LAKE ALBERT, Our further passage to Lake Albert was along the southern bank of the Rusango River, which winasin and out among deep mountain folds, and rushes Leadlong on its course in roaring cataracts and brawling rapids Ten hours’ swift marching enabled us to cross an un- inhabited tract of Ankori and emerge again in Unyoro, tn the district of Kitagwenda, which is well populated and cultivated. Our sudden appesrance on the scene, with drums beating, colors flying und bugies blowing, drove the natives in a panic from their felds and their h hot haste that many of our people found the family porridge still cooking and great pots fuil of milk standing ready for the evening meal, EKING INFORMATION, It had been previously agreed upon between “Gen- eral’? Samboozi and myself thatif the natives chose to permit our peacelul passage through Unyoro that no violence was to be done Yo any person. But at Kitagwenda we found ourselves in possession of a populous and thriving district, with not a single native near us to give us imtormation. Lake Albert, dh the evenmng of January 9, was about three miles duc west from us, and it behooved us that we might not be sur- prised to obtain information as to the feehngs of the natives toward us, Samboozi was clever enough to Perceive our position, aud he consented to send out 200 men Bext morning as scouts, and to capture afew men through whom we could communicate with the chief of Kitagwenda, and satisfy him that if unmolested f permitted to reside two months, would pay lim in cloth, beads or wire for Whatever we consumed, SETTLING DOWN, xt day wasa halt, and the scoute brought in s, Who Were sent with a peaceful moseage to the chief. The chief did not deign to answer us, though we know he resided on the summit of a mountain close by. On the 11th we moved our camp to within one mile of the edge of the plateau, a thousand feet below which was the Albert Niyauza, Here we constracted our camp on the morning of the 11th, and, recerving no word from the chiet of the Kitagwenda or of Unyam- pa nt 500 Waganda and fifty of the Anglo-American Expedition to seek outa locality for a fenced camp, | wud to seize upon all canoes along the coast at the buse of the plateau on which we were camped. three hours the recounoitering party returned, bring- g information that they had only succeeded 1n secur- z five small canoes, too small to be of any service to us, and that the alarm had already spread far along the ast that « large force of strangers had arrived at the lake for war purposes. >: THE NATIVES SHOW FIGHT, ‘The 12th was spent by me in endeavoring to induce mboozt to move to the Iake, that we might build a In about | fortified camp and put the boat Lady Alee together, but it wos in vain, > The natives bad by this time re- covered their wits, aad, strongly reinforced from tho neighboring districts, they were preparing themselves | for an effort to punish us for our temerity, and, by the impun the heights aud villages cast of ourcamp. Once we sallied out of ourcamp for a battle; but the natives, while withdrawing, told us to keep our strength tor the next day. Unable to persaade Samboozi to move | his camp or stay longer than tho vext day, there re- mained for us only to return with them to Uganda, for among such pegple it was useless to think for a mor mont that a peaveuble residence would be permitted. Besides the country was Cnyoroand Kabba-Rega, the enemy of the Europeans at Gondokors was the King. ‘Therefore a peacetul solution of our difficulty was out of the question, Accordingly, on the night of the 12un it was resolved to return and try to discover some other country where the expedition could camp in safety while I explored the lake in the Lady Alice. RACK TO UGANDA, On the morning of the 13th we set out on our return from the lake in order of battle, 500 spearmen in front, 600 spearmen for rear guard, 1,000 spearmen and (he expedition in the centre. Whether it was our compact glum that prevented an attack or not I can- not siy. Wo were, however, permitted to leave the country of Kitagwenda unmolested, the nattves merely closing in ow our rear to snateh stragglers, On the 14th our expedition comprised the rear guard, and as | We entered Benga, in Unyoro, the natives rushed from somo woods to attack us, but a few rounds of ball Ua tho 18th we re-entered A POOLHARDY EXPEDITION, However slightingly your readers m trip to the Albert, houestly I do not suppose I have been guilty of such a hare-brained attempt as this be- fore. Looking ealinly at it now, 1 regard it as great folly, bat the success of having penetrated through Unyoro and reached the Alvert redeemed it somewhat from absurdity, I sometimes think, though it would have been entirely contrary to orders, (nat, having reachod the Aibert, It woul have been beter to have launched the boat and explore the lake, leaving the expedition to tke care of itself, to perish or survive my absence, But T thought it too great a pity that a first class expedition, in first class order, Should tor. minate on the shore of the Alvert, and if one road was closed there might probably be others open; and after much deliberation with myself { resolved to return and endeavor to discover countries more amenable to reason aud open to friendly gifts than hostile Unyoro or ineorr) ole Ankort, NO NEWS OF GORDON. Though we made strict inquiries we could discover no news of Gordon or his steamers, The natives of Unyampaka bad never heard of a sbip o fel larger than a canoe; and it is impossi Vessel sO singular aga stoamer could approach neer Now [ bavo not only | y they enjoyed from attack, they oceupied all | think of our | } | i} | | Ihave tuken the liberty to eall, in honor of Her Royal | vut om inquiry of the gentle, sweet tempered Pagan | Beography. RESULTS OF THE BXPRDITION THROUGH USYORO, , The geographical knowledge we have beon able to acquire by our forcible push to the Albert Nyanza ig considerable, The lay of tne plateau ating the great reservoirs of the Nile, the Victoria and Albert Niyanzas, the structure | of the mounta‘ns and ridges, and the course of the watersheds, and the course of the rivers Katonga and Rusapgo have been revealed, The great mountain Gambaragara and its simguiar people have been dis- covered, besides a portion of a gulf of the Albert, which Highness lrincess Beatrice, Beatrice Gulf. BEATRICE GULP, This gulf, almost a lake of itself, is formed by the promontory of Usongora, which runs southwest some thirty miles from a point ten geographical milea north of Unyampaka, The eastern coast of the gult is formed by the countries of Irangara, Unyampaka, Bubuu and Mpororo, which coast lve runs @ nearly south-south- west course. Between Mpororo and Usongora exiend the islands of the maritime State of Utumbi, West of Usongora is Ukonju,on the western coast of Lake Albert, reputed to be peopled by cannibals, North of Ukonju is the great country of Ulegga, Coming to the eastern coast of Lake Albert we have Ruanda running from Mpororo on the east to Ukonju on the west, occupying the whole of the south and southeast coast of Lake Albert. North of Unyampaka, on the cast side, i Irangara, and nortlr of Irangara the | district of Toro, Unyoro occupies the whole of the | east side from the Murchison Falls of the Victoria Nile | to Mpororo, for Usyampaka, Toro, Bubuja and Iran- gara are merely districls of Unvuro, The great prce- — montory of Usongora, whicu half shuts in Beatrice Gulf, is tributary to Kabba Rega, though governed by | Nyika, King of Gambaragara. | A GREAT SALT FIELD, Usongora is the great salt field whence all the sur- | Tounding countries obtain their sal Tt is, trom all ac- counts, a very land of wonders, but the traveller desir- | ous of oxploring :t should bave a thousand Sniders to protect him, for the natives, like those of Ankori, care for nothing but milk and goatskins, Among the won- ders credited to it are a mountain emitting ‘fire and stones,” a salt lake of considerable extent, several hills of rock suit, a large plain encrusted thickly with salt aud alkali, a breed of very Jargo dogs of extraordinary ferocity, and a race of such long-legged natives that ordinary mortals regard them with surprise and awe Tho Waganda, who have invaded their country for the sake of booty, ascribe a cool courage to them, againat which all their numbers and well known exportness with shield and spear were of little avail, They are, besides, (Xtremely clannish, and allow none of their tribe to in- termarry with strangers, and their diet consists solely of milk. Their sole occupation consists tn watching their cows, of which they have an immenso number; and it was to capture some of those herds that the Em- peror of Uganda sent 100,000 men under bis Primo Minister to Usongora, The expedition was successful, for by all uccounts the Waganda returned to their coun- try with about 20,000; but so dearly were they pur- cbased with the loss of buman life that it is doubtiul whether such a raid will again be attempted to Usongora, 1 propose to rest here a couple of days and then procced to Karagwe to discover another road to Lake Albert P. S—Our camp on Lake Albert in Unyampaka was situated im Jongitude 31 deg. 24 min, 30.sec, by obser- vation and Jatitude 25 min. by account. The promon- tory of Usongora, due west, was about filteen milea, MYESA’S SPLENDID OFFER RELUCTANTLY DE- CLINED—RUMAINKA, KING OF KARAGWE— THE KAGERA RIVER—LAKE WINDERMERE— THE FLOATING ISLANDS OF PAPYRUS, Kapurno, Anan Dxror, Near Romarska’s Carital, Karaawe, CestRaL Arnica, March 20, 1876 Before parting with ‘General” Samboozi I received some more unkindness from him, which made another causo of complaint to add to his refusal to assist build- ing a fonced camp on Lake Albert. The “General,” no douvt perceiving thut his hopes of reward from me were very slim, undertook to reward himself, and ac- cordingly refused to return three porters’ loads of heads given him for carriage, and appropriated them for his own benefit, By such a proceeding ne became guilty of theft, and, what 18 worse in Uganda, of dis- respect and misbehavior to the Emperor's guest, and laid himself open to the severest penalties. My letter of complaint was no sooner received by the Emperor than a force of musketeers were despatched under Saruti, their chiof, who despoiled ‘General’? Samboozi of cattle, wives, children, slaves and every article he possessed, and tho ‘‘General’” nimselt was seized, bound and carried in chains tothe Emperor, whose influence must be used to save eveu his head. A GENEROUS OFFER Bi Db, Mtesa also sent a werics of messages after me, implor- ing me to retura, and promising me Sekibobo with 50,000 men and Mquenda with 40,000 men to escort me back again to Lake Albert, and giving me the solemn assurance that these ebiefs should defend the camp until I returned from my voyage of exploration, But, though I almost wept from sheer vexation, and was extremely sorry to refuro such a geucrous offer, I re_ spectfally declined relying upon Waganda any more; and wrote him to that effect as fast as each message came from him, Besides, I was too far south, boing encamped on the north banks of the Kagera River when I first learned Mtesa’s intentions, and to return from the Kagera to the Katonga and march back again to Luke Alvert would have occupied three months, and should Sekibobo and Mquenda prove as faithless as samboozi I should Gnd, on my return to Unyampaka from the lake, that the Waganda and the expedition were flown, I had many other strong reasons for porsisting iu my refusal to return; and, though I prosecuted my march to Karagwe, it was with a sad hoart I bade fur well to my hopes of exploring Lake Albert trom the East side. TERRA INCOGNITA, Until Tarrived at Karagwe I was daily encouraged with the reports of simple natives that a country lay behind Mpororo where we would be recoived as friends; Ruminika, 1 was informed that the friendly couniry was Utumnbi, but was inaccessible, owing to the people of Mpororo, who would not even let his own people enter their territory, On asking if Ruwnda was ac- cossible to travellers I was informed that at five differ- ent times Arabs had endeavored to open intercourse with them, but each time bad been repulsed, aud some bad been murdered by the treacherous people. I then inquired if there was no road between Ruanda and Urundi by which I could reach Ua The oid King smiled at the question, aod said the Warendi were worse than tue nati of Ruunda. Not quite satistied with his replies, I questioned Hamed ibrahim, an Arab gentleman, who has done business in Karagwe twelve years, As to the possibility of penotrating any- where westward from any pont near Karagwe, his replies, though taore definite and expheit, swept away | almost all hope of ever again reaching Lake Albert fro the east side. TUK PRERDOM OF KARAGWH OUTAINED, To test Ramanik: friendship I requested he would permit meto explore the frontier of Karagwe as far north as Mpororo, and south to Ugufu, a distance of eighty geographical miles, and that be would lend mo guides and a native escort. To my surprise the gentle old King not only gave me guides and escort, but ca- noes and the freedom of Karagwe, or, in other words, he promised that so long as | explored I and my people should have subsistence gratis! Tous was I assisted asecond time bv Alrican monarchs in the cause of OPP ON AN EXPLORING TRIP, I lost no time, you may rest assured, in getting ready. The boat Lady Alice was conveyed to Speke’s Lake Windermere and the sections screwod together and the next day, conveyed by six of Rumanika’s ca- noes, manned by Wauyambu (natives of Karagwe), we set out for another exploring trip. After circumnavi gating Lake Windermere we entered the Kagera River, and almost immediately it flashed on my mind that I had made another grand discovery, that I had dis- covered, In fact, the true parent of the Victoria Nile, ~ SPEK® CORRECTED. If you glance at Speke’s map you wil! perceive that ho calis this river the Kitangule River, and that he has two tributaries ranning to tt, called respectively the Luchuro and tne Ingezi. Speke, so wonderfully cor- Feet, With amind which grasped geographical knowi- edge with great acuteness, and arranged the details With clever precision and accuracy, is seriousty in error in calling this noble river Kitangule, Neither Waganuda nor Wanyamba know it by that name, but they all | poar--for which the natives call it Morongo, or the row the Kagera River, which flows near Kitungaule. From ite mouth to Urundi it is kuown by the aauves on both banks as the Kagera River. The Luchuro, or [ rather Lukaro, meaus “higher up,” bot 1s no name of any river. Of the ingezi I shall have occasion to speak further on. ‘ BXPLORING ALBKRT NIVANZA, While exploring the Victoria Lake I ascended a few miles up the Kagera, and was then struck with its great volume and depth—so much so as to ramk it as the principal affiuent of the Victoria Lake. But in com- ing south, and crossing it at Kitangule, 1 sounded it and found fourteen fathoms of water, or ighty-four feet deep, and 120 yards wide. This fuct, added to the determined opinion of tho natives that the Ka; was an arm of the Albert Niyanza, caused me to think the river worth exploring. I knew, as all know who know any- thing of African geography, that the Kagera could not be an eflluent of Lake Albert, but their repeated state- ments to that effect caused me to suspect that such a great body of water could not be created by the drain- age of Ruanda and Karagwo—that it ought to havo its source much further, or from somo lake situate be- tween Lakes Albert and Tanganyika, LAKE WINDERMERE, When I explored Lake Windermere I discovered, by sounding, that it had an average depth of forty feet, and that it was fed and drained by the Kagera. Ov entering the Kagera 1 stated that it flashed on my mind that the Kagera was the real parent of the Victor Nile; by sounding I found fifty-two foet of water in a river fifty yards wide, I proceeded on my voyage three days upthe river, and came to another luke about nine miles long and a mile in width, situate on the right dof the stream, At the southern end of the lake, and after working our way throngh two miles of papyrus, we camo to the island of Unyamabt, a mile and a balf in length, THE SECRKT OF KAGERA REVEALED. Ascending the highest point ou the isiand the secret ot the Ingezi or Kagera was revealed. Standing in the middle of the island I perceived it was about three milvs from the coast of Karagwo and threo miles from the coast of Kishakka west, so that the width of the Ingezi at this point was about six miles, and north it stretched away broader, and beyond the horizon greca papyri mixed with broad gray gleams of water. I dis- covered, alter further exploration, that the expanses of papyri floated over a depth of from nine to fourteen feet of water; that the papyri, in fact, covered a large portion of along, shallow ake; that the river, though apparently a mere swift, flowing body of water, evn- fined apparently within proper banks by dense, tall telds of papyri, was a mere current, and that under- neath the papyri it supplied a lake, varying from five to fourteen miles in width and about cighty geouraphi- cal miles in length. Descending the Kagera again, some five miles from Unyamudl, the boat entered a large lake on tho left side, which, when explored, proved to be thirteen gco- graphical miles in length by eight in breadth. MORE HOSTILE NEGROKS, From its extreme western side to tho mainland of Karagwe east was fourteen miles, cight of which was elear, open water; the other six were covered by float- tug fields of papyri, large masses or Islands of which drMtoand fro daily, By following this lake to its southern extremity I penetrated between Ruanda and Kishakka, 1 attempted to land in Ruanda, but was driven back to the boat by war cries, which the natives sounded sbrili and loud. - DESCRIPTION OF KAGERA, Throughout the entire length (eighty miles) the Ka- gera maintains almost the same volume and almost the same width, discharging its surplus waters to the right and to the Jett as it lows on, feeding, by means of the underground channels, what might be called by an ab- server on land sevenieen separate lakes, bat which are in reality one Jake, connected together underneath the fields of papyri, and by lagoon-like channels meander- ing tortuously enough between detached elds of the most proliic reed. The open expanses of water ure called by the natives so many ‘“rwerus’ or lakes; the lagoons connecting them and the reed-covered water aro known by the name of ‘Ingezi,’”? What Speke has styled Lake Windermere is one of these rwerug, and is nine miles in extreme length and from ‘one to three miles in width. By boiling point I ascer- tained it to be at an altitude of 3,760 feet adove the ocean and about 820 feet above dake Victoria, The ex- treme north point of this simgular lake is north by enst from Ubimba south; its extreme southern point, Ka- ragwe, occupies tho whole of its eastern side, South- ‘west it is bounded by Kishakka, west by Muvari, in Ru- anda, northwest by Mpororo and northeast by Ankori, At the point where Ankor: faces Karagwe tbe lake con. tracts, becomes a tumuituous, noisy river, creates whirlpools and dashes itself madly into foam and spray aguinst opposing rocks, and fina'iy rolls over a wall of rock ten or tweive feet deep with a tremendous up- Noisy Fails. THE WONDERFUL HOT SPRINGS OP MLAGATA, On returning from my voyage of exploration —during which time I was most hospitably entertained, so powertal was the nume of the gentle pagan Rumamika—I requested guides to take mo over- land to the hot’ springs of Mlingata, which have obtained such renown t»roughout all tae neighboring countries for their healing prop- erties, Two days’ severe marching toward the north Drought us to a deep wooded gorge wherein the hot: springs are gituated. 1 discovered a most astonishing variety of plants, herbs, trees snd bushes; for here Nature was in her most prolific mood, She shot forth her products with such vigor that each plant seemed to strangle the ofers for lack of room. They so clam- bored over one another that small bills of brash were formod, the lowest in the hoap stifled by the upper- most, and through the heaps thus formed tall mvyules shot forth an arrow’s flight into the upper air, with globes of radiant, green foliage upon their stem-like crowns, INVALIDS AT TAK SPRINGS, The springs were visited at this time by numbers of diseased persons. Male and {2male were ecen lying promiscuously in the hot pools half asleep, while their itchy and ulcerous bodies were being hulf cooked. The hottest issued in streams from the base of a rocky hill, and when Fabrenbeit'’s thermometer was placed in the water the mercury rose to 129 degrees. Four springs bubbled upward frem the ground through a depth of dark, muady sédiment, and had a temperature of 110 degrees. ‘These were the most fav- ored by the natives, and the curative reputation of the springs was based on tho properties of this water, lcamped at the springs threw days, and made free use of a reserved spring; but, excepting unusual clean- lines, ] cannot say I enjoyed any venefit from the water. I drank about a gallon of the potont liquid, and can say this mach, that it has no laxative eflect on the | system, A botileful of the purest water I took away with mo, in the hope that some day it may be analyzed by professionals in Europe. THE NEXT TRAMP. I but yesterday returned from tho hot springs, and, baving seen all worth secing in Karagwe, and hav- ingas yet discovered no road westward, I propose the day after to-morrow to march along the castern shore of the lake, south or southwest, as far as practicable, with the view to follow up the imteresting discover.es I have made. HENRY M, STANLEY. CATHOLICS AND THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. ~Caxctxwart, August 10, 1 The Catholic Telegraph, of this morning, contains an article Irom Archbishop Pureell, addressed to the peo- ple of the United es, relative to the attitude of tho Catholic Church toward the public school system, in which he Geciares that the Chareh has no Huon to interfere with the system. He tarther says:—"No doubt justice and equality would entitle the Cathohe people of this country to exemption from tuxation for the support of other schools or to a share of the pub- Ne school funds in proportion to the number of pupils in the a#chools; but even this we are disposed to waive im your favor.” SUICIDE. Hepso: Y., August 10, 1876. A young man named George Hall, twenty-five years of age, resident at Greenport, committed suicide this afternoon by shooting himself through tho head with pistol, while lying onthe bed in bis room at bis ~g residence. Five or six years ago he manifested mptoms of loneaity and passed year in the Utica Asylum, from which he was discharged apparently cured. ARREST OF SUPPOSED BURGLARS. Bostow, Masa, August 10, 1876. The town of Brockton of late has been infested by a gang of thieves, and a score or more of burglarics have been committed during the past two months, Yeater- GLIMPSES OF THE EXHIBITION. FAULTY CLASSIVCATION—-ENGLAND'S EXHIBIT OF IRON MANUFACTUBES—GERMANY'S 6HOW OF GUNS—¥RENCH BRIDGES AND LIGHTHOUSES. Paiapecrma, August 10, 1376, About one-quarter of the space in Machinery Hail is cecupied by exhibits from forcign countries, the ri mainder by exbibits of inventors and manufacturers in the United States, If this proportion were held by us against as complete a representation of the resources of the worksvops of foreign countries as is shown of the resources ot our own factories and foundries wo might with good reason congratulate ourselves on our hundred years, but the truth is that while in some lines and speciulties the show is on our part full to repletion the for exhibits are in every respect meagre. Great Britain fills the largest space of any foreign country inthis ball Austria is satisiod with a very ‘small space in one corner, and al that the space 18 half empty. Germany, Russia, France aud Belgium make swall displays. These may all bo classed as great countries in an Industrial », Yet only one of therm occupies go much space as is given to the sewing machine companies alone in the United States quarter, { If these countries wanted more space than they have, and failed to obtain tt through want of familiarity with the process by which space 18 obtained, it iva pity. Doubtless sewing inachine companies are munaged by | men who thoroughly understand that be pays weli who pays cash down, | One of the puzzles of the Exhibition is the system of classification that’ one comes upon here, Cannon fill the larger part of the German space; cannon and war paraphernalia generally fill a great part of the room given to Russia. Cannon may be machivery, but it is ot usually revarded as such by plain poople In France a German officer once said that his men were not soldiers, but simply *journcymen who worked at artillery.’ From that standpoint cannon muy pass for michinery, 1% may also be ditti- cult to classify the heavy structures of metal more appropriately, but how 16 it, then, that we come upon cannon in the very middie of tho main building under the Swedish flag? Isa brass field piece machinery fromone country andan artistic manufacture from another? And if a cannon is machinery what isa Gardner gun or a Gatling gun or apy other of these contrivances that they should have an important preference for position in the main building? On boats aud sbips the classification 1s also lame. Canadian canoes and ico yachts are not good examples of machinery. The classification by countries sepa- rates widely articles of the same nature, and an excep, tion is made to it im favor of pictures ana statuary, ‘This is successful Al. the pictures from all the coun- tries, or nearly so, can be found in one place, This exception to the common ciaszifcation by countries might have been extended with great advantage to some other articles hardly loss important in the world than pictures, All that is to be seen here of boats and ships, and aly that relates to ships and to the life of man as a marine animal, gatuered together and properly ciassified so as to be seen under one roof, the Various exhibits to be inspected in relation with one another, would have made the most interesting and practically vainable part of the whole Exposition, There are beautiful nautical exhibits in several departments In different Duildings which are lost as they are. Another subject that might have been treated asa Special exbivition, apart trom the classification by nationalities, is that of railways. Locomotives, cars, tracka, FWitches, signal systems, car wheels, cattle cars, palace cars and oiher urticles of the sort fill 60 large a space in several places, asin fact they do in life, that the desire to make comparisons between several countries is Inevitable, nnd itis the purpose of exhibitors and their main profit to tacilitate such com- parisous. Perhaps yet another subject for this sepa- rate classification is artillery and firearms. In etery display like an international exhibition two sysicms of classification are naturally aud uecessarily 1m conflict, and the only talent the manegement has any occasion for ts the kind that enables it to recog- nize the mit of theso two systems and to act upon it. The classification by nationaities is the first and most obvious, If there Lad been an mternational exposition in Ur of the Chaldees, they would bave classitied what- ever came in that way only. All that the kgyptians sent would have been put in one place and ali that the Bactriaus sent in an. otuer, for they scarcely understood then that man, in whatever countries be lived, made ubout the sume things, and did not care to inquire who made them | Desi with a View to the geuera! improvement. But this ja the great inquiry of modern times, and consequently a classificution founded on the idea behind this inquiry must contro! and hmit the simpie, obvious aua print tive classification by nations, Navouality must siill be | the basis of classification for the iarge number of arti- cles; but there are certain great activities that fill up the lives of the sirongegt nations, and of these the struggle with the sea—the problem ‘of transporta- tion by steam—and the means lor making war are the most important and these, should be soparated from mere natural Haes 11 acommon exhibit, just as statutes and pictures are, and the further this clussification can be carried the moro scicutific vur expositions will be- come. ‘Ay to the important features named tho present Ex- position 1s a mere jumble—a mere dumping ground for tho ingenuity of the world, IRONWORK —MACHINERY. Work 10 Iron on thu most gigantic scale is the dis- tinguishing feature of the British division in machinery, ia which our cousin John Bull figures as the Cyclops oft the modern world. In mavy cases the machinery itself 1s presented in operation, in others it appears by proxy in beautiful movels. Steam pumps, steam nam- mners, Machivery for mines, road engines, wrecking engines for railways, enormous power luoms, sud builder of iron ciad men- orthy of notice in this depart. ment. The specimens of armor made for vessels of the British bavy are remarkable je evenness with which they ‘are forged, 0. ction of an armor plate twenty-one inches in thickness 18 polished on the edge and is as fine and pertect through its whole thickness as the aurface of a mir- ror, There is no country in the world, certainly, im which such work can be done betier, In our own county it can be done as weil, if tne workinen get fair play. “But the exbibition of our armor plate in the department of a famous American shipbuilder natu- rally suggests the retlection that our weak point in competition of this sort will ultimately be found iv our incapacity to do justice to the workman. So many poli- tical rings will have tobe plucated by the contractor that whea the battle comes the ships’ armor will be Jound to be made of rotten iron halt oo Verkaps the singie exhibit im the British department of most interest to the generat public 1s that of Saxbs and Farter, the railway signal engineers, This hand- somo Working model shows the system by which sig- nals and switches are worked trom an elevated station at all the important centres in England, These men aro the constructors of the macuiuery at Waterloo station, in Loudon, where there are 110 bars which work twenty switches aud ninety signals There wre no accidents there, xnd there is probably no other single station 1m the world where halt so many trains are received and despriched in aday, The most com- pleie and extensive uisplay on @ single subject ip this ag EE 48 that of coon spinning waebinery. Next to England, Russia hus the largest and most varied exhibition of any toreign nation, Belgium ex- hibits some tremendous mining machinery and some steam cng ‘These are, perhaps, bo better than the | engines of other countries, but they have that peca- larity of handsome finish in virtue of which the ma- ebines of that country aiways look like works of art. Russia exbibiis artillery, arms, splendid work in ropes, craswified sampios of work for the mstruction of pupils in industrial arts, and some extremely beautiful models, Oug of the Hnest of these is a model of a dry dock at Cronstadt, Germany exhibits an ingenious eugine which with tho heat derived irom a siugle burner of ordinary gas gives power enongh to operate « printing press. It has wome good displays im rolled iron uiso; bat the Ger- man pave is practically filled by Krupp and lis gans. ‘Tnese would seem to be principally what Germany bas to show. They, however, are a gicat deal, In an armed age, when more thought is given to war than was ever before given to the same subject, and when military tendencies are more than ever toward the liberal use of artillery, it ts a great deal tor one nation to be avle to claim such a superiority in the structure of cannon thai her work becomes a stan- dard of comparison for all others To give Krupp, moreover, the importance he hus here is not illogical. He was, abovi rmans, the man who whipped nee; and is thereture the founder of the modern man glory, and as such is entitled to all the room There is cne observation that many will probably make upon a pot ed in these = guns aud = which Felates to the limit of their efficiency. Iu the case of the gigente Krapp cannon, on exhibition, it is ot course out of the question that this gua could be | man@uvred by the simple machinery in use for ordi nary guns. Itis quently surrounded by a whole machine shop of screws and cvevators and apparatus of various kinds tor banding itim action, Presumably, every part oi this parapberualia is necessary, aud some parts of itare vital to the efficiency of the gan, but | there is no part of it that might mot be knocked al) 10 pieces by a lucky shot from a ten-pounder out in the Bay. It such a gun is to be used en barbeite or 1 acasemate it is impossible that its complicated apparatus could go safely through @ serious bombard ment, Aud it Would bo a bad eeowomy of forces il teu-pound shell should so damage the Machinery as to cripple a twenty tou gun, France can scarcely be salu to be represented at all | in the department of machinery. Que manuiacturer of railway material, car wheels, builers, &c., bus o good exuibit; there is a sik vom, some elecirical Machines and a few conloctionery establishmenis. ‘tuere is, however, in another edifice a fine display ef French achievements in engineering science; and as models of te same nature are shown as machinery hero these may, perhaps, be classed ax part of tte Freuch exhibit wader this head. , They are exhibited by the French Dunwiry of Pablié Works iu an editice by themselves, and are ono of the finest features of the day detectives arrested Henry Martin, William Serib- bins, Frank Flyna, Joho Burke and Jobn Kelley. The prisoners were held to-vay in $3,000 each tor wish It ie believed the gang is eifectually broken up. Exhibition as indications of the grandest achievements of buman lal ibey are mostly models of great bridges built in France by the gover! neers in mt eng! laces Where success was especially difficult, Phere aro bridges over chasins in tbe Fy renees—abe bridge over the swift flowing Rhone at Iarascon, some of the bridges Paris, a model of the whole splendid structure ab the Point-du-Jour, a model of the port of Marseilles, the most splendid light of oth In short, this show is almost an epitome of the engineering history of this ingenious and exact nation, and any civil engineer whe failed to examine it would tnixs bia journey.” The uumber of paid uimissious to the Centennial Exbibition to-day wus 26,150. The Pennsylvania Rail road Company Lave given notice that they will convey _ all dogs to be entered in the Centennial Dog Snow to aud from the Exhibition tree of charge, Professor King made a second balioon ascension in the Buftalo, from the Grounds, this afternoon, accom- panied by a party of five gentiemen from New York city, Who were provided with seentific instruments for making aerial observations, provisions and the necessary appurtenances for an extended voyage. The course taken by the balloon immediately after starting was a favorable one for an extended inland trip, the wind being northwest. MISSOURI REPUBLICANS. PROCREDINGS OF THE STATE CONVENTION, St, Locis, August 10, 1876. _ The Republican State Convention last night, upon the completion of the nominations tor State officers, pro- ceeded to the nomination of electors as followa:— At large—Colonel D. P. Dyer and J. H, Cole (cole ored); alternates, General J. V. Pratt and Colonel A, FE, Detmere. Instriet Electors—First district, Henry Helomintz; alternate, B. W. Etting. Second, Jobm Noyal; alter- nate, B. F, Strattman. Third, Charles A. Steefel; al- ternato, A. G. Dyer. ternate, W. ©, Detz, Fifth, J, P. Thom nate, ©. H. Foster, Sixth, A, F. Lewis J. Maynard. Seventh, 1. T. Bridges; alteraate, J. E Eptein. Eighth, Willan Warner; alternate, Henry Smith. Ninth, A. J. Harlan; aliernate, A. EB, Wiatt, Tenth, D. L. Miller; alternate, W. A. Law. Eloventh, JH. Turner; alternate, J. R. Vance, Twelfth, R. D. Cramer; alternate, C, 2 Hess nite Thirteenth, Frank Muench; alternate Ira Hal The following amendment or addition to the plat. form was adopted :— Resolved—That while the mighty advancement to- ward the perfection of haman ts won by the sol- diers and patriots of the Union should be vigilantly guarded, the republican party stands ever ready to woleome to full fellowship any and all persons who have ever been in the councils or camps of the robel- lion, upon the single condition of belief m and support of republican priuetples, so that the valor and herolem of Americans, whether born of right or wrong judg- ment, shall be honored by a patriotic devotion to a na- tion whose great ioundation was laid by our common fathera, The Convention then adjourned, ‘TENNESSEB DEMOCRATS. Nasuvitte, Augast 10, 2876, The largest democratic convention held 1 this State for years adjourned at hulf-past twelve o’clock this morning. Governor Porter was renominatod by accla- mation, and ex-Governor Isham G. Harris and General William B. Bate were chosen as Presidential electors for the State at large. Tho platform ratifies the action -of tbe St. Louis Convention, opposes the repudiation of any obligation justly due the creditors of tae State or national government, and, for the present, because of the business depression, the shrinkage of values, and impoverishment al the people, opposes any increase of taxation and favors rigid economy. CALIFORNIA REPUBLICANS. SAN FRaNcisco, August 10, 1876 The Republican Convention lust night choso the fow lowing Presidential electors:—D. A. McKinlay, J. B. Felton, J. H._ Jewett and A. J. Ostrander. At large, General John F. Miller and M, M, Evtec. Thomas Mc- Kenua was nominated for Congress in the Third dia- trict. ‘ A WARK * DEMOCRATS, Six thousand people gathered Inst even!ng inside and outside the Academy of Music, Newark, and, amid the greatest enthusiosm, ratified the nomination of Tilden and Hendric! The Academy, which will seat, it is claimed, 3,000, was packed to overflowing. On either side of the stage were portraits of the St. Louw nomi- noes. A ringing speech was made by Congressman Harrison, of !linois, and another by Leon Abbett, of Hudeon. Au open air meeting was also beld. NOMINATIONS FOR CONGRESS. Eu.sworrs, Me., August 10, 1876, The democrats of, the Fifth Congressional district to. day nominated William H. McClellan, of Belfi for Congress, and James R. Talbot, of East Machius, for Presidential elector. Retiao, Vi, August 10, 1878 The democrats of the First Congressional distriet to- day nominated A. P. Childs, of Bennington, for Con- gress, Hype Park, Vt, August 10, 1876. At the Third District Republican Congressional Con- vention to-day Hou. George W. Hendei, of Norristown, was Unanimously nominated for re-eloction to Con- gross. A.C. Welsh, of Williston, was chosen xe Presl- dential elector, Baxcor, Me,, August 10, 1876. At the Fourth District Demvcratic Convention to-day J. W. Donworth, of Houlton, was nominated for Con- gress. Saw Francisco, August 10, 1876. Ex-Governor Pacheco has been nominated for Con. gress from the fourth diatrict, THE CAMPAIGN COMMITTEES. PROGRESS OF THE PREPARATIONS FOR THE COM- ING STRUGGLE. Yesterday, at the rooms of the National Democratic Committee, at No. 59 Liberty streot, there was much activity, About noon asort of informal meeting was held at which nothing occurred except the considera- tion of some little details pertaining to the opening of tho campaign. Through all tho rest of the day, how- ever, aline of visitors kept filing in and out, some coming to make inquiries relative to the plans of the committee, others to secure pamphlets and copies of Tilden’s and Hendricks’ letters. Not a tew old time campaignors appeared who were evie dently in quest of some post to which they might be assigned where they could turn their experience to uccount in the coming struggle, Among theso were several orators of the bustings ecoking for districts to stump and ull brimrul of en- thusiasin and mnost sanguine im their expectations of the campaign's result, wide the regular visitors of the committee who were there out of an interest in politics, there were quite a number of business men, torch inventors, banner painters, pyrotechnic vead- ers anda hundred othors whose funotion it ts to pro- vide jor processions and campaign clabs such trap- pings and accompaniments as are needed to got up the requisite glare and clamor. At the committe I age quarters in the Everett House little transp' during the day, Yyunger, of Lowsiana, called and, in conversation with those who were presonj, expresacd his conviction that Louisiana would go democrattc, He said that Nich- war, Pinchback {8 sour and revenge. ed upon with suspicion, The to cast @ solid vote either year ago, and he denies Boutweil’s report of the out- in Grenada county. ir. G. W. Yates, delegate Hy the Third Congressional district in New Jersey, who was it, says that ube young republicans in his part of the country are going over to Tilden in numbers, and that the farmors are greatly influeaced by tho results of bi jnisiration, as well as by his letier, ‘At tho National Republican Committee's rooms the Filth Avenue Hotel there was no business of 1 portance transacted yesterday. An occasional poll. tician dropped in to talk over the opening business of the campaign, and inthe course of the day General Kilpatrick stopped there for a while prior to starting tor tho West. LOCAL POLITICS, The Nineteenth Assembly district independent ro. pablicans are organizing a campaign club for Hayes and Wheeler, aad intend to have a grand ratification meeting. A CLEVER CAPTURE. Mra, Jane Morgellus, of Paterson, N. J., one of over 2,009 excursionisis on the return trip of the Rockaway steamer Plymouth Rock, reported to one of the dotec- tives of the vessel that a man had snatched her gold watch and that she would identify him if he were caught Detective Sisson stationed himself at the gaugway upon the arrival of the vessel at pier No, 2 but the tellow sprang over the guard and ran speedily up the pier, Tbe lady, however, saw the movement and Officer Sisson gave chase and caught bim on West street, He was taken to the Twenty seventh precinct station house, where he g@ve the name of Jonas W. | Herne, traveliing agent, Aving at No. 230 Bleecker street, He was recognized as “Velveteen George’ by Sisson and by the Sergeant in command, Mra. Mar- collus Will appear against him at the Tombs Police Court this moruing. ECONOMY RIUMPHS IN JERSEY. At the meeting of the Board of Freeholders in Jersey City yesterday the bids were opened for aloan of $200,000. Tne bid of Mr. Moran, of Wall street, was accepted at six per cent on twenty-year bonda. ‘Talis is an immense saving to the county, as some of the banks had hitherto fleeced the taxpayers to the (uae of $50,000 a year, Mr. Halsted wil, however, Veto the resolution, on the ground thatitis iuiormal, a§ it Was not presented to him previous to the meeting, He iy however, opposed to the bank moa- opoly.