The New York Herald Newspaper, February 5, 1876, Page 3

Central. ¥ STORE FOR SALE-NEAR THE AL Petes Aaret clase; extra sised lot, with two frosan, Atrat class ; terms; possession oF On OM OMER MORGAN. Now Pine sh. MADISON AYV., 35 TO nd awall woll built and locased supnistios Als -iee Satine v TOR Te een ‘17th st. F You WANT A SUPERION CABINET FINISHED Jistree easy terms, House to live in, ‘at four on Madison av..betweea 1 minutes to 42d st. depot; ‘three quarters of an hour to lower oa) city by boat; also one of the best Hotels, fu on udson twenty acres; will tak good property. SHAW, East Side. OR SALE—DESIRABLE — PROPERTIES, F greatly reduced rates—vir., Sdav.. near ar ith st. Lieb st., pear Broadway; reasonable terms uf ayiment ‘AMES PRICE, 200 Hudson at, West Side. CORNER FQR SALE—IN FIFTH WARD, for about 10 per cent, on panic value not much red. JAMES PRICE, 200 Hudson st. Crear Jeaved eash requil Ri THE SUNDAY TELEGRAM, imued every Sunday morning, containing the latest local news, specials from Albpoy and. Washington, cable. news from Europe, uluetraied follce sketches and’ replete wish in: resting reading RICE, TWO CENTS. BROOKLYN PROPERTY AND TO LET, FOR SALE '. 100; all the latest modern improverae: luding hard wood stairs; first class location on the on any time; low for cash. Address A. D. M., jerald office. (OR SALE—A THRER STORY AND BASEMENT Fetal 40, 12 rooms, with threo full Lots of ell 8 ; price $7,000; terms to sult. BUR- LLL'S real estate office, 459 Sth av., near Oh sl, South | Brooklyn. / rok SALE—HOUSE 284 GATES AV., BROOKLYN, with Grounds, 100x120; house two story and attic frame, 23x80; si me, ; contains 14 rooms; all improvements: fres- coed thro ghout: independent laundry ; well lai out, with choice frait trees; will exchange for smaller Prop- erty; Furniture of house will be sold if desired. OR SALE OR EXCHANGE FOR CITY OR NEAR BY country: ee —A fine four story and extension brick House near Brooklyn Heights; every improvement and in good order; also for sale. & fine four story Store on Myrtle av. Apply to RUSTIN & SON, 377 Myrtle av., Brooklyn. (OR SALE OR LEASE—STORAGE STORES—STORES | Nos. 5 and 6 Atlantic dock, fronting East River, adjoin- ee a ferry. Apply to J. B, SCHIEFFELIN, 170 am 8 CONIC HOUSK, OF GREENPOINT, L. L, sale orto let. Inquire on the premises. $10.00 i; CL tall EVER OF. class story brows stone House, 140 sad 142 Macon near the junction of Fulton and Marcy 20x45x 100 fant finished in hardwood; wainscot handeliers, Toestfon uneu healthy, convenient We" ghetehes, is, cars. on premi (open every P. M.), or HH KIUTOLS. No.9 Pin WESTCHESTER COUNTY PROPERTY FOR SALE _AND To RENT, R SALE—A HOUSE WITH OVER SEVEN CITY ‘Lots of ground, with stable, carriage house and all ne- ates cogent the purchaser. Address E. D. LOCK- WOOD, box 241, Post office, Mount Vernon, county, N. ¥., or call on Mr. GREY, at stable, PROPERTY OUT OF THE CITY FOR SALE OR TO RENT. FOR r 72 Prince st. FURNISHED HOUSE TO RENT AT ORANGE; » all moderu improvement wot house full of rare plants, carriage house, co; low to. tenant, R. E; WESTCOTT, No. 7 Park piace, New York. —A—ORANGE, N. J, (SPECIALTY), INQLUDING « Liewellyn Park, Brickchurch, Montrose, Mountain tide; desirable Properties for rent and sale. HAMILTON & WALLIS, 30 Pine st. RARE CHANCE.—FOR SALE, LARGE, MAGNIFI- cent Hotel and Boarding House near Delaware Water most popular summer resort; convenient to station: aining 27 rooms; large’ parlor, bar, dining and handsomely painted and papered throughout ; some income: just the stand for the Centen- for itself in four you re barn and out- 18; abundance of fruit; this house is first class in every respect and undoubtedly the best in the vicinity; iat sae Witsoe PEiRSoy, For turther particu- Stroudsburg, Pa, NORMOUS SACKIFICE! MUST BE SOLD WITHIN ten days—Beuutiful Farm: forty acros; splendid Build- hi wuntly furnished; Horses, Cows, Poultry, thiny d complete; seven min: ct to Centen- choice an hi Hy 813,000, only. 84,000 se he ya ing, on 3 on cash; balance ver Srey dhcam ier eer dieniad Gentes, Giakerson coe: Hon, Bucks county, P FOR RENTONVICES AND SPACE FOR SAMPLES a spacious loft. second tioor, 308 Market st.. Phila- ha Address THALHEIMER & HIRSCH, Philadel- phia. REENWICH. Cot fc express train: RIVERSIDE.—COUNTRY SEATS AND ale and to rent; all prices; hour from city; ly healthy. W. ATWATER, Riverside, Conn, REATEST BARGAINS EVER OF FERED. —ORANGE; handsome Cottages; 10 roome: $4,500 to $6,000: borbood. healthy, desirable neig! SMALL, 98 Liberty ARGE CENTENNIAL LOT TO LEASE—T' squares from buildings, 140x"62 feet, enclosed b; forest trees, suitable for a Address THOMAS arden. ANDHEWS, Hortioutsural Hall, Philadelphia. Also sm ts. VALUABLE MARKET ST. PROP. @ tour story brick Building, with splendid store and basement, »! NEWS N, J for modern impo ted in the best busin location im Market st..ou reason. | ‘able terms, Address or inquire JOHN NEUB, 103 Market st., Newark, EW DURHAM, N. J.—FINE DWELLING, 14 ROOMS; sie fruit, garden, barn. 40 minutes to city. LLIAM T. 1199 Wooster si i N (RANGE JAQUES, CO) TY FARM WANTED. missioner of Deeds from Maine to California. member 70 Astor House. SUBURS OF NEW YORK SALE, . fine Properties; twenty years’ experi= me ptlonal advantaxes in assisting new wise selection. A. BALDWIN, 98 Liberty st. ‘TOCKTON HOTEL, CAPE MAY, N. for sale or lease —Propos: or lease of the Stockton Hotel, tains 315 Rooms, furnished and ready for immediate occupation. nd area of about 15 acres, tronting directly upon the ocean. A gottage adjoine the hotel and contains 6 rooms, handsomely rnishe 000 will be considered, with payment of $75,000 cash ‘on delivery of deed and possession, balance to be secured by ry ‘on chattels and real estate, with policies of insur- ance. If not sold or leased the hotei will be open for guests early in June, under the management of the Stockton Hotel Company, and it aes and most comfortable se. Address G. M. DORRANCE, Bristol, Bucks count; RENT.—FURNISHED HOUSE FOR CENTENNIAL DA vy will be received for the purchase Cape May. The hotel co season; eigh 3 fates! walk to the Park, cars within one block for any uf the city. Apply to F. J. DRESSLER, No, 4 South Sth st., Philadelphia, Pa. | ESTATE TO EXCHANGE. FICENT RM OF 80 ACRES, sawmill and water front sear Morristown, N. J free and clear, exchange for desirable city ‘count rty; also large number of other choice Farms, all sizes, prices and locations, for sale cheap, or to exchange. Call or send stamp for circular. — JOHN M. GIBSON, ‘81 Montgomery st.. Jersey City. OR EXCHANGE—WITH CASH, NO. 38 EAST 19TH tor lease for residence or business pprposes, fur- 4." Tnquire within. Seat -TQ5 ACRE FARM. WITH GOOP BUILDINGS. NEAR Lig ay gt Le aneee bP AFT poses; on! 12,500: ‘exchange for desirable City Proj erty. Sou GIBSON, 31 Montgomery st., Jersey cng. INSTRUCTION. (oneMara coutuan iii School of Mines. The recond session wit begin Thursday, February 17, at ‘ractical and theoretical instraction in civil and mining engineering, metallurgy, geology, mineralogy, inj bm ier mechanical chemistry, hss, catee mathematics, drawing, French, Gerta’ e.. with, labora: of Civil an tice, Reguier courses for the degresk Miaihy Engineers Bachelor and Doctor of Philosophy. students received without examination, Pecuniary ‘. One wo ed. BARNARD, LL. D., President, Gontuinix coutce ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT, The Intermediate Exami mence ou Monday, February ‘The Regents of the U: rsity of the State of the trastees and the alumni of the Colle; students and all interested in educ: tend. ‘The Second Session will begin Thursday, February 17, at hich time candidates for admission may A.M. at present themselves. |p. BARNARD, LL.D., President. CENTS A LESSON—CONV! RSATIONAL FRENCH & Paristi ing indy; diplomee: translations MULE. FEUEL, 1267 Broadway, room 23. Z New York, ents of oat DENTISTRY. SET OF TEETH MADE IN THREE ‘West 34th st., ber ‘th and 7th HOUR s., near Broad- A . Sposiet mechanical dentistry; coral, rubber, rose a whalebone rubber, gold and platina Sets: Plainpers, gulators, &c. Take green car from Grand street ferry of REWbROCGH, 128 West 24th st. WANTED TO PURCHASE. WASTED (A SECOND HAND SMALL OR MEDIU size Sale, combination lock. Address, stating pr snd make, C.. room 05, 206 Broadway. WAXTEP~& GOOD SECOND HAND CARPET, 1216 en Py sie creel ‘Address, a quality, price, &e,, Mra WARTED YOR Writing Pay Past office, PI CASH—STOCK OF STATIONERY, Envelopes, de. Address J. VERON, cee AEE SEWER, 80. 177 BLEECKER ST. NEAR BROADWAY, MONEY advanced + Few kers! Tickets no beeae ot Seucnkey py ty 3 ad SS ili lah lt latin MERICAN OF FICE—875,000—a1u Se a ae singe tetaaeds ane naman enh sd . BH. BARRINGE! ‘deator, 499 Broadwaye [\iAMONDS, WATCHES, JEWELRY, SiLVERWA Dine fet ene ret tar stat amen vanes. MLLES. JI) Brusdwan, near 29th gt, id back eo prid dae Notary Public, East’ appointed complete, being | "Fhe ‘contains at | ‘with 2 rooms in the attic. No proposals less than | NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1876. RUBENSTEIN. The Argument for His De- fence Begun. THE JURY WARNED AGAINST DETECTIVES. Solomon Kreamer, the Witness for the Prose- cution, Declared a Madman. ‘The Court of Oyer and Terminer, of Kings county, engaged in the trial of Pesach N. Rubenstein for the | murder of Sara Alexander, began its session shortly | after ten o'clock yesterday morning. Judge Pratt pre- | sided, sitting with County Judge Moore and Justices of © Sessions McKibben and Wolfert, The courtroom was crowded. The attendance of female relatives of the prisoner was quite numerous. The prosecution, up to the point at which they rested, examined forty witnesses, occupying four days and ahalf. The opening for the defence concluded the procecdings of yesterday. Louis Rubenstein was recalied by District Attorney | | Britton for the purpose of examining the witness touch. — ing the declarations made by him concerning the dream told him by the prisoner as testified to at the Coroner's inquest. Mr. Britton said he hadan authority upon which to base his motion for the admission of that evi- dence: Mr. Beach objected to its introduction. The Court admitted the question desired by the pros- ecution. Mr. Britton (to witness)—Did you say in your state- ment before the Coroner that he (referring to P. N. Ru- benstein) saw Sara in a dream, and that she was lying ten miles out of the city? Did you say thas? Mr. Beach objected to the question as immaterial. Exception noted, Witness—I cannot remember, Mr. Britton—And that he (referring to P. N. Ruben- stein) should see that she should be buried? A, I can- not remember anything of that kind, Q. Do you now remember that he (Rubenstein) saia anything about a dream at all? Mr. Beach—We will relieve the District Attorney,” We will not deny the fact of the dream, and probably shall put witnesses on the stand to prove it, J. BP Alexander, recalled by Mr. Beach—That is J. P. Woliniski, the man for’ whom Sara worked (pointing to a man in the assemblage, who stood up). Q Did you say that Nathan Levi, a shoemaker, was more intimate with your sister than anyboay else? A. I said that she was acquainted witn Levi, and he ‘was arrested and brought over to Police Headquarters; Levi was at my house several times. THR PRISONER'S DOMICILE, Moses Mosalevsky was nex? called, and through an interpreter testified that he is the landlord who leases the sleeping room to the prisoner; I lease rooms from Israel Rubenstein and relet his son (the prisoner) one room; in order to get to the room of the prisoner one must pass through the kitchen of my apartments; that ts the only way in there; on the evening of the night of December 12 I saw P. N. go into his room; I was in the kitchen about half-past nine o’clock; maybe five minutes before or later; 1 have got three rooms—a front room, @ bedroom and a kitchen; the middle room is the kitchen. By Mr. Mott—After going through the kitchen the | bed is on the far side toward the rear wall; P. N. had a | conversation with me on Sunday night, December 12, before he passed into his bedroom; I sleep in the front room; I have a family of.nine; I have known the pris- oner about three years and one month; be has bad a room with me ever since the house was furnished, twenty months ago; the defendant is a sickly man but I could not tell his disease; I know sometimes he spits blood; I knew that he was sick for five or six weeks at one time; that was in Apriland May; bo was sick in Israel Rubenstein’s parlor and was attended by two men; Rubeustein’s character is good, By Mr. Britton—Rubenstein and I attend the same synagogue; during the week the Rubensteins go to the same synagogue as I do, and on Sabbath to Rabbi ‘Ashe's synagogue; I knew Sara Alexander and saw in the parlor of Istael Rubenstein; 1 saw her thet | frequently as three times a day; she worked there, and | when the sick man required anything she would carry it to him. By Mr, Mott—It required two men to lift him out of bea; the prisoner lay on the bed almost bai Charles 0’ Roarke, au officer in the District Attorney's office, testified that he took the coat from the prisoner Rubenstein at the jail and brought it to the office, | where he placed it in the safe; he noticed stains on the sleeves of the coat; on January 24 I gave the coat to Professor Eaton. -_* Thomas H. Stinson, ly sd at the Raymond Street Jail, testified that when Solomon Kreamer was taken to | the jail to identify Rubenstein he (wituess) brought out | seven or eight prisoners, P. N, Rubenstein among the | number, aud arranged them in the office; Mr. Kreamer | passed down the line till he came to the furth pris- oner who was Rubenstein; then Kreamer held out his hand to shake bands with Rubenstein, but the latter , said something in German, and stepping’ out of the line | he walked up and down gesticulating wildly and talking | in some language which witness could not understand. | By Mr. Beach—Don’t remember how many of the men had whiskers; there were others besides Ruben- stein who had side whiskers and mustaches; thero were three of those men who had side whiskers. At this stage of the proceedings Mr. Britton said he would rest the cage after calling ih Conraddy, whose testimony he regarded as important. As she lived at East New York, halfa mile trom the ear route, be pre- sumed that the storm had delayed her. Mr. J. Henrich, surveyor of East New York, was then called and testified a8 to the position of the various points marked on the diagram of the corn field wherein | the murder was committed and of its vicinity, The object of the prosecution was to verify the evidence of the witness Solomon Kreamer, who testified to having seen Rubenstein cross the fence on the plank road ana walk off toward tho corn field. The land where the | | body was found is higher than the plank road, near the toll gate, from which Solomon saw Rubenstein cross the fence. The body lay about 800 tect, on a direct line southwesterly, from the toll gate, ‘The diagram was placed in evidence by Mr. Britton. OPENING FOR THE DEFENCE, Mr. Beach said then that they had agreed to open | for thé defence while waiting for the other witness, and, the Court consenting, Mr. Mott opened the case. “He said :—This man’s case was not to be tried by public judgment, but by the jury, who were chosen be- cause of the fact that the coupsel for defendant be lieved that they would give the prisoner a fair trial. Avery effort had beén made to bring all the cireum- stances to light which would tend to prove injurious to | this man. Many statements have been made which conflict: bat the jury must decide where the truih lies. They should give proper consideration to the evidence of detectives. He read from the opinion of | Judge Benedict, of the United States Court, in the caso of the United States vs. Minor, in which it is held that, “as a class their evidence must be closely scrutinized before it is accepted,” The coungel then reviewed the testimony of Detective Frost as to the statement mace by the prisoner, through the interpretation of De- tective Zundt, at the, time of Rubenstein’s arrest, He could not have got the precise words of the defend- ant, as he did not understand the language the accused spoke. But there were blood spots on the ac- cuset thing. The doctors show that when the be sd the body had thawed ing with blood They ng table. The dramatic Coroner bad said that the priso: had “held up his hands in horror when he saw the ghastly wounds.” That was his cousin. Had he been guilty, be would have walked in nerved and steeled against the betrayal of all external signs of terror. With regard to the | finding of the blood on the boots of the accused, it was | re atthe Morgue, notin the corn field. The vigilant undt, when he arrested the man, took him along the streets, and the mud may have adhered to the boots on the street. But a piece of corm husk, a tenth of an inch in length, had been found on that scale on the shank of the boot. If Zundt will go and dig up sain | the gutters of Hester str New York, he will fin more corn husks than he is able to carry, which require BO professor's microscope to see, WHAT BOOTS IT? The boots had been taken to the very corn fleld, over the tracks which they say these parties went, and they placed them in tracks found there; and if some mud apd corn husk adhered thereto is it to be wondered at? | No perfect track had been found im that fleld, and how many boots of the same size and the same stripe are to | be found im these two cities? The detendant has for months and months been suffering from bemorrhage. ‘Then, ts 1t to be wonderea at that blood stains should ve found on bis coat. re were seven cuts on the viekm. The very artery was pty and the blood epurted Out over the corn stalks. The hand that did | that slaughter was reeking gore, The coat had | not been taken from the prisoner until January 23, and these stains,were to be accounted for as proceed- bis lungs and from his nose, [At this point tives of the defendant wept copiously.) Not ness had said they were secn on the way from Bayard street to the ferry. There is a disparity in the statements of the witnesses with regard to the manner in Which the man they saw on the car wore bis whiskers. Sarah Cook bad testified that the afta car with the girl had no whiskers on his chin, They would show that accordi the Jewish belief the whiskers were then, as they are now, juét as they grew on his chin. Theknife story was taken up next as Cold by the little girl, Augusta Simmon, the cutler’s daugh- ter, the witness Who 80 positively testified that the risoner was the man who pui from her the Enite with which the murder was committed. It was not, he held, reasonable to suppose that that child could notice $0 closely that little irregularity on the handle of the knife that she had pointed out. Zandt had promised the young witness $2 aday and roast beef during her detention at his house, Why, there wero very many such knives But they say Kreamer almgs) wikpessed the crue prisoner was taken to the out, and the shaw! was Thesury conid sudea of oe such a man’s testimony for themselves. Soloman | Kreamer is but little short of a maaman.- No one this | side of the East River had ever seen the prisoner in Brooklyn or East New York, and God knows Ruben- 8 ce 8 Buch as would be remembered, The prisoner was but once at Cypress Hills Cemetery, and then it was to see where they had buried bis poor old mother, who had been laid there before he came out to this country. This man Rubenstein was not hey cally in a condition to overpower that woman. | i] story of Kreamer was absurd and ridiculous in the ex- treme and unworthy of the slightest credence, There was no doubt but that the deceased girl attended the prisoner while he was ‘kK in April and May. where is there any evidence to show that they had | been seen together as two people might be expected to be under the relations said to exist between Ruben- | nand Sara Alexander. They would show whe @ prisoner was on the evening of December 12 and th counsel (eit sure the jury would pronounce Rim inno- | cent Tt was now almost two o'clock, and, as the witness.| from East New York had not arrived, District Attorney | Britton and Mr. Beach agreed that it would be well to ask an adjournment, as butan hour of the day’s session remained, Judge Pratt then, addressing the jurors, said that he felt that he ought to repeat the caution he had given | them on Monday, against reading the newspapers or | permittee any person to converse with them on the subject, Judge Moore, he said, will be engaged with | the Grand Jury at ten o’clock on Monday morning, in the Court of Sessions, 80 that the Court of Oyer and Terminer would adjourn till eleven o'clock, instead of ten o'clock, Monday morning. The Court being then formally adjourned the jury retired and the prisoner was then remanded to jail. RUBENSTKIN’S DIET. Mr. Beach requested the members of the press to | correct the rumor which had been given publicity that Rubenstein refused bis food in the jail and seems to | contemplate suicide, ‘‘Thatis not the case,’ said the counsel. ‘Give us fair play, boys; that is all 1 want.’ | The prisoner does not eat meat, as that is against his | religious conviction, but he does eat bread, onions and apples. BLOOD’ STAINS, \ THEIR IMPORTANCE IN MURDER TRIALS—OAN HUMAN BLOOD BE DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER BLOOD BY SCIENTIFIC TESTS? In the trial now in progress of Pesach Rubenstein | for the murder of Sara Alexander the blood found on the prisoner’s boots and clothing, and the scientific | testimony im regard to it, naturally excite great in- | terest and will become very important elements tor | the consideration of the jury. It frequently happens that in regard to testimony as to human blood it thus becomes of vital importance to know to what extent reliance can be placed upon such evidence, and justice demands that the actual powers of scientific experts shall be defined and fecorded in such a form that those engaged in criminal jurisprudence may hereafter re- ceive a report of such a witness without fear of un- justly prejudicing the cause ofthe prisoner or violating the precepts of humanity in boldly maintaining the rigor of the law. Asa knowledge of the characteristics of blood and the form of its corpuscles is necessary for a due ap- | preciation of the subject it may be convenient, by way of introduction, to give a brief but comprehensive de- scription, which will be of service to those who ap- proach the subject for the first time. Blood is an al- most colorless fluid, containing a vast number of floating bodies called corpuscles, which are single cells, and present the form of flattened disks, circular in man and most mammalia, and oval in birds, reptiles and fishes, as also in a few mammals, all of which are of the camel tribe, while those of the oviparious vertebrata are distinguished by a central | spot or nucleus, composed of an aggregation of minute | granules, which are more clearly scon when treated | with acetic acid, which increases the opacity ot the | nucleus by rendering the remaining portions more trausparent, } CORPUSCLES OF HUMAN BLOOD. There are two kinds of corpuscles—one having a red- | dish tinge, and called “red corpuscles,’’ and another class, which are almost transparent, and named ‘white | corpuscles.’ Thus, in the examination of blood, a glance will determine whether it has been taken from | an animal er from a bird, fish or reptile. But, with the single exception mentioned, as the form of corpuscles | im all animals is alike, a difficulty exists in proving | from what particular animal a precise specimen has been extracted. In making such a diagnosis of blood no chemical test is of service, and the expert has but one guide, and that is the size of the corpuscle, which, from the minuteness of the object, | | } must be found by the aid of the microscope. The red corpuscles in mammals. “appear to have a nucleus, but in fact have none, the dark spot in | the centre being merely the effect of refraction, conse- | quent upon the double concave form of the disks. This | can be at once proved by diluting the blood with « | little water when the form of the corpuscle changes, be- | | coming first flat, and afterward double convex, when the dark spot disappe: The rea corpuscles A size, but for those in man an average standard has been fixed of 1-3200 parts of an inek in diameter, but they really range from, 1-4000 to 1.2800, and although generally observed to be circular in form, they occasionally assume a stellate shapo and other forma when in contact with fluids of an unnat- ural density. The white corpuscles, from whatever source, usually present acircular outline, and are thus tmmediately recognized in blood, having oval red corpuscles, but in man and most animals the red are not so easily dis- tinguished from the white. | Tn fresh blood the red corpuscles have a tendency to adhere toeach other by their discoidal surfaces; the white corpuscles on the contrary show no such’ dis- position, and may be noticed taking isolated positions, generally in the centre of a circle. made by a Tow of red corpuscles. There are about 350 red to one white corpuscle, so that very few of the latter will be seen in the field of the microscope at one time, and may be at once detected by singular power of movement which they exhibit, somewhat similar to that of the amoba, rolling over and over in a slow, sluggish man- | ner, All White corpuscles are very constant in size, being seldom more or jess than 1-3000 part of an inch in diameter, The size of the red corpuscles in the blood of animals varies much, and is not uniform even in the same blood, but is in general proportionate to the size of the anymal in animals of the same order, but not in those of different orders; thus in the er ruminants and rodents the red corpuscles are larger than in the ler ones, while those of the field mouse are as Jarge as those of the horse, and in the common mouse they are larger than that of the ox. The annexed list contains the recorded measure- ments of the rage size of the red corpuscles in the blood of the animals mentioned, which may be con- sulted, bearing in mind that those in man range from 1.4000 to 1-2800 parts of an inch and have a mean of Sloth . + 1.2865 Camel 8254x1-5921 To conclude this preliminary description I may state that the stnallest red corpuscle known is that of the musk deer, 1.12325, and the largest has been found in the reptile monobranchua, which has a diameter of 1.364, These are so large’ that they can be separated from the liquor sanguiais by the ordinary means of filtering pay er. It appears to be ge ly accepted that experts | the ability to decide with absolute certainty the presence of human blood when suspected. They certainly claim such a power, and the record of hua- dreds of criminal cases show that it is recognized. It ts hoped that perusal of w article wilt result in placing such testimony on its footing, and that the suggestions offered to counsel enable them to test idence given on abject, i} first state the ¢ase from the point of view of those who profess to absolutely distinguish blood of man in dried stains, and in doing so shall permit one who is the most recent writer on the sub- ect to place the matter once more before the public m tis own words, Professor Joseph G. Richardson, M. D., of Philadel- hia, in a paper pablished in Sey i uscles are just as mucl mber states:— Tho ood cot characteristics of the we may tell, for example, a bird's skin froman by the former being covered with feathers while the latter is furnished with hairs, so we may distinguish a bird’s or acamel’s blood from thatof aman by the former having oval corpuscles, while those of the latter are rounded in their outline,” ‘This reads plausibly enough, and if the distinctions were as marked and a8 wide as he mentions, Professor Richardson might be congratulated op having made out bis case, But even the youngest student must perceive that but half the truth i here stated, because | phe exgert Wy po} only called upon to decide | four hours aber big | stain from a’ raspberry between the blood of an animal @ bird, which can a glance, but between the blood of man and ani where all the corpuscles are round and of the same form, differ- ing only in size. Protessor Richardson is equally con- fident ot his power to distinguish round disks of cer- tain animals, aud “‘illustrates the principle which guides him in discriminating blood of animals with round corpuscles by suggesting that the bodies be aptly compared to different sizes of shot’? “Thus, for instance, the red globules of man’s blood are near!y twice the size of those of the sheep and four times those of the musk deer, just as No. 1 shot is per- bape doable the magnitude of No 5 and quadruple that ol 0. ‘Hence it follows that while we might bein doubt whether the shot dissected out of the body of a wounded man was a No. 1 or a No. 2, we could have no hesitation after mecsaring. it with a gauge in declaring 1¢ was too large for a No. 6 and d fortiori {or a No. 8, precisely as the corpuscles of man’s blood tbe confounded with that of a monkey, once to be too large for those of an ox or a sheep.” “In conclusion, I submit that the result of my ex- eriments prove that we are now able, by the aid of Bligh powers of the microscope, and under favorable circumstances, to positively distinguish stains pro- duced by human biooa from those caused by the blood of any of the animals just enumerated—pig, ox, red deer, cat, horse. sheep and the goat.” Here is a clear case of io veri, and an at- tempt made by the mere jingle of sentences to create a position, while well established facts are carefully witbheld which would fe been fatal to the argu- ments offered by the wr: It may be correct to ve that the corpuscles of hu- man blood can be disti ished from that of the pig, ox,&c., but it is also a well established and authen- ticated fact that there are a great number of animals the corpuscles of whose blood cannot be discriminated from those of mi by any process yet known, and among such anima’ the dog, the constant companion of man. It would be easy to dispose of the argument of the “shots,"’ but refutation is unnecessary, as Professor Richardson has, since writing bis article, confessed in | | writing that he suppressed facts which were known to him, and thus falsely stated the issue “est an im- proper use should de made of them in the detence of criminals.” Now, Colone) Woodward of Washington has written a reply so the paper by Professor Richarason, which should be read by those interested in this subject, and he therein states, after the most careful measure- ments specially made for the purpose of testing this question, that the red corpuscles in the blood of man and in that of the dog are absolutely undistinguishable, To quate Colonel Woodward's own words:—''l have thus shown that we are not justified, either by the facts of the case or by the authorities supposed to favor the possibility of doing so, in attempting to distinguish between the blood of man and that of the dog by the measurement of their red corpuscles," and concludes with the expression of the opiniun, “If the microscopist summoned as a scien- tific expert to examine suspected biood stains succeed in making out the corpuscles in such a to enable him to recognize them to be circular di and to measure them, and should find their diameter comes within the limits possible for human blood, his duty in the present state of our knowledge is clear. He must, of course, in his evideace present the facts actually observed) but he is not justified to stop here, He has no right to conclude his testi- mony without making it clearly understood, by both judge and jury, that blood from the dog and several other animals would give stains possessing the same properties, and that neither by the microscope nor by any other means yet known to science can the expert determine that a stain 1s composed of human blood and could not have been derived from any other source, This course is imperatiely demanded of him by common honesty, without which scientific experts may becor more dangerous to society than the very erjminals re.caljed upon to conyict.”” In the ption of evidence relating to this subject it is clearly important that counsel should test the qualifications of the expert, the extent of his special Knowledge as a microscopist, the quality of his instra- ments and his method of using them. For instance, he should stete the length of time that be bas used a microscope, and the name ot its maker, the objectives employed, who made them and when purcuiased. The date of their manufacture is important, as objects can be seen with a modern 1-5 objective which formerly re- quired the employment of a 1-16, The expert should also be questioned respecting his micrometer and his ability to use it properly. As the stains of blood are usually submitted for examination in a dried state, some solvent must bo employed, and the witness should be closely questioned on that subject, because corpuscles are changed both in form and size when in contact with liquids foreign to their nature, z Mauch depends upon the liquid used. Water renders the corpuscles very transparent and faintly visible only by their outline, their size will be increased, and some May assume an oval form, while others will be seen iQ fragments in consequence of their having burst. Dilute acid acts nearly the same as water, but is more rapid in its action, while solutions of neutral salts act osmotically, rendering them smaller, more flattened \d produciug wrinkles and folds and granular appear- | ances in the enveloping membrane. Itis recommended that a solution of bichloride of potash be employed, which has a remarkably slight ction on the corpuscles, and by digesting the blood in in asolution of this salt and placing it under a beil glass for some hours, the red corpuscles can be detached with a camel’ ngest tendency to maintain their original shape, taining is sometimes employed, that will also be ‘a proper subject of inquiry and will further test the knowleage of the expert. I will close my advice to counsel by one more hint, and that is to inquire in what number the corpuscles wero fouad—if in large quantities or merely a few; because in the latter case 1tis quite possible they may be spores of fungi, which so closely resemble the red corpuscics of blood that they cannot be distinguished from them. Croton water, I Gad, abounds in such organisms, and a which had been washed out with Croton water would undoubtedly present forms that | might be mistaken for blood corpuscles, but they would | not be found in great numbers. Lastly—an observation of Professor Richardson forces me to discuss a point which I believed previousiy needed no'examination. Professor Richardson states :— “Ordinarily in criminal cases the microscopist is called upon to determine, not whether a particular specimen is | human, as distinguished from al! other kinds of blood, but to discriminate simply between the blood corpuscles of @ man and an Ox, a man and a horse, or a mon anda sheep, and so establish or disprove the defendant's story as to how his clothing or other articles became ined with blood’? Surely the Professor is in error in making euch a statement. Probably in a case where the prisoner had volunteered a statement as to the nature of the stain an expert might in the first instanco be asked if the stain was such as. the accused represented, but such a question would certainly be: followed by another, which would undoubtedly be, “Is the stain that of human blood?” The jury would require infor- Pe ped absvlutely as to what had caused the stain and not cross-exami ion might endeavor to draw from the witness a Merten that the stain might be what the accused stated it to be, the prosecuting counsel would hold him to the single statement 1 the stain was absolutely that of human blood, if the wituess was will- ing to swear to such a fact, ‘he Professor disdains the caution of Taylor, who states “there are no certain methods of distinguishing microscopically or chemically the blood of a human being from that of an animal when it has once been dried upon an article of clothing,” and of Virchow and Bricke, that no microscopist can “hold himseif justi- fied in Lata io question a man’s life on the ancertain calculation of of drying.” For bimeelf, he ‘‘would remind those who demur at the idea of aliowing a man’s life to hang upon such seemingly insignificant circumstances as a dilfer- euce in size of blood corpuscles," ‘of the excessively trivial amount of arsenic, too small to be estimated by the most delicate balance, being sufficient to bring out the crime of murder.’” apprehend that the true value of medical -evidence relating to blood stains is now placed upona sound and satisfactory footing, which, so far from imperi!lin the cause of justice, will in future, by rendering suc! testimony morereliable, make it proportionally ef- Beaitves but whatever results, the truth must be Goss, an esteemed naturalist and microscopist, bee gy 28 mentions the case in which an expert car- ried the conviction of aman ‘who, without the micro- scope testimony, would bave escaped."’ On that trial no direct evidence was produced, and the verdict turned upon astain found upon a knife belonging to the prisoner. The expert swore that it was Gusan blood, and ibly was correct; but consider what in- Justice could be done if such evidence was alw: ace cepted as conclusive. Suppose aman commits @ mur- der, and finding suspicion fixed upon him plunges a knife, the property of another » Into a stray dog and allows the blood to dr lade; he then se- cretly places t jon of the owner and causes the suspicion to be transferred {rom himself to the owner of the knife. In what a position that man would be if the case rested upon the blood stain and Pro- fessor Richardson, or one with similar views, was the expert called to decide if the stain was human. The an- alysis would show a result that would enable a report to be made thatit was the blood of man upon the knife, and conviction would be inevitable if the candor | of the witness did not follow up the statement with the assertion that the stain might also be caused by the blood of a dog or some other animal. A MURDERERS’ SECOND VICTIM. The chief witness in the late trial of Joseph J. Bur- Troughs for the murder of his wife Elizabeth, was Mr. Henry Clay, of No, 247 Fifteenth street, Gowanus, who lived in the same house with Mr. Burroughs, He was at home on the morning of the tragedy, and heard a beavy fall in the room occupied by defendant, Hasten- ing up stairs be saw the murderer with the pistol in his hand standing in the room over the prostrate form of his victim. He asked Burrough had dove, and the murderer said, ‘I have shot her. It’s done, and it can’t be undone.” Mr, Clay then went out of the house with Burroughs and saw him enter the station house, At the inquest and on the trial Cin: his testimony to that effect. The scene and vous excitement consequent upon the occurrenc completely shattered his reason. late so erratic and inconsistent in his manner and speech, that on Thursday ‘ast bis father caused him to be taken in charge by ti ed sin) and an examination by physicians was held, resuit was that he was declared 4 maniac, and was removed to the Lunatic Asylum. DEATH FROM MALARIA. At an early hour yesterday morning a man was brought to Bellevue Hospital, evidently suffering from an attack of malaria He walked up stairs, was pat to bed, where he recetved medical atvention! but in hair pencil and be examined; | the smalier corpuscles, which are the oldest, show the | ad not done so, and although a judicious | ‘a blood corpuscle’s ratio of contraction | THE COURTS. Close of the Burke-Gard- ner Trial. VERDICT OF $60,000 FOR MRS, BURKE. of Forgery. | HE 18 REMANDED FOR SENTENCE NLL 'T0-DAY, The suits brought by Virginia C. Burke against Ira C. | Gardner and others, which will go down to posterity among the list of causes o¢(tbres in our legal records, was, after nearly three weeks’ continuance before Judge Van Hoesen, of the Court of Common Pleas, brought yesterday to aconclusion. Mra, Burke, the sole surviving child and executrix of Captain John Alexander, brought the suit to recover $60,000, which she claimed was ip her father's possession at the time of his death, which occurred in March, 1869, at the residence of the Gardners, in Harlem. Mrs, Burke had only one counsel, ex+ Congressman Andrew H. H. Dawson, while the de- | fendants had six, including ex-Judge Beebe. Mr. case, In the course of his remar! he told a rather singular story explanatory of bis zeal for his fair client, A good many years ago, in a lower saloon of a Missis- sippi steamboat, » party of men were engaged in play- ing draw poker, Among the participants in the game was a cripple, who bet boldly and showed that he had alargesum of money. A young man stood outside the circle of the table watching with Interest the progress of the game. He that the cripple was a Bovice and his companio' were evidently profes- sional mblers, Seeing that the cripple was eavily this young man watched the i with ‘increased interest and with the closest scrutiny. He shortly discovered the esters were dealing to themselves six cards each, and their unsuspecting companion only five cards. The betting became heavy. The cripple kept raismg and going better and his conenens did the same, The table was covered with bill 4 piles of gold. The cripple los and as one of the gamesters was about raking in the pile that young man who bad been go intently watch- ing the game suddenly thrust tho blade of a sharp | pointed bowie knife through the bills, saying, “Not one of you gamblers shall have this money. It belongs to him (pointing to the cripple), your would-be victim.” “What ight have me to interfere ith this game??? asked the infuriated gamblers. “By this right,’? answered the young mag, pulling outa revolver, ‘and because you have been cheatin this man, The first man who attempts to touch a dol- lar of that money I will blow his brains ou.” The cripple took the money, and that brief experience ‘was @ lil Hey lesson to him. That young man, gen- tlemen of 1] in Pg was myself. 1 was congratulated for my courage, One gentleman, a noble specimen of trae Southern chivairy, shook me by the band warmly. ‘‘I like you for your courage,” said this gen- tleman. “I have'a beautitul and accomplished daugh- ter, and you maj ry her if you will,’ That gen- tleman was Captain Alexander, and I have stood py her in her seven years’ incessant warfare to help her nearer what rightfully belongs to her, and I shall fight the battle until I geta verdict for her, He occupied several hours in his summing up speech, The opposing counsel occupied nearly as much time, combating in seriatim each point raised for the plaintiff and presenting the case in the strongest possible light for the defendant. A clear and lucid charge Was made by Judge Van Hoesen, leaving it en- tirely to the jury to give their verdict according to the } testimony, and only explainin points of the law applicable to the case, The jury, after about an hour’s absence, brought in a verdict for Mrs, | Burke for the tull amount claimed, being $60,000, with | interest, The opposing counsel moved to set aside the verdict on the ground that it was not in occordanco with the evidence. It being late Judge Van Hoesen said he would hear the argument on this motion next Friday morning. REE CONVICTED OF FORGERY. | The case of William J. Reo, who was placed on trial in tho early part of the week, under an indictment charging him with forging the name of L. M. Bates & Co, toa note for $10,000, was concluded yesterday, The jury retired at half-past four o'clock to delib- erate, and at twenty-five minutes past five o'clock | P. M. returned and rendered a verdict of guilty of ut- tering forged paper, according to the second count in the judictment, In the absente of ex-Recorder Smith, | counsel f¢ day for sentence, | _ Ree is well known in connection with some of tho | poldest and most skilful forgeries ever committed, Among his visitors during the progress of the trial yes- | terday was a man who had been in jail four years for getting upa bogus bank at Joliet, lil., and two per- sous who have been on trial for forgery. His wife, who sat beside him every day during the trial, was the | | widow of Commodore Levy, of the navy, \ It is said that Ree squandered several hundred thousand dollars | which was left to her by her former husband, as well | asan ample fortune of bis own. His four-in hand was not long since dazzling the eyes of visitors to Loug Branch. DECISIONS. By Judge Barrett. | proofs, &c. Memorandum, |” Ranney vs. Fischer ot al,—Motion granted and the same person appointed as receiver who has already been appointed in the suit in the Superior Court, Brown vs. Combination Wool Company.—Defendants may interpose an answer within ten days on payment of $18 costs and disbursements and $10 costs of this | motion within like time, Judgment and all proceed- | ings thereunder to stand as security, but to be stayed | until the determination of the issues to be raised | therein upon the merits. Anderson vs. Jacobs et al.—The surety, Raphael Solomon, cannot be said to be a householder or a {ree- holder, and even as to his property he is too doubtful. He must be rejected, with leave to appellant within five | days to give a fresh undertaking (Joint and several) | with Usher and one new surety. | SUPREME COURT— SPECIAL TERM, | By Judge Van Brunt. | Losee et al-vs. Matthews,—Complaint dismissed, with costs. Opinion. Van Ranst vs. New York College of Veterinary Sur- geons.—Judgment for defendants. Opinion. | Patten, &e., vs. Lamonette, &c,—Demurrer over- | SUPERIOR COURT—SPECIAL TERM. By Judge Sanford, Westerman vs. Remington,—The books and papers | must be produced by plaintiff, agreeably to the require- | ments of tho subpana ducas teeum, and he must tes- tify with respect to them as ifthe trial was now pro- gressing. Whitney Arms Company vs. Barlow et al.—Motion | for an order directing the clerk to tax costs in favor of | defendants, Brooks and Parkman, denied. COMMON PLEAS—SPECIAL TERM. Hatfield_vs, O’Connor.—Motion dented, The author- ities cited refer to judgments recovered iu justices’ courts. De Leyer vs. Wade.—Memorandum. By Judge J. F. Daly. Beaumont vs. Kempton. —Order settled. Bieecker va. The Mayor, &c, —Motion denied, without costs. —Opinion. Todd vs. Barlow.—Order signed. Cashman vs, Martin.—Security must be given in the sum of $5,000 in each action. Battlegate, &c., vs. Haskin.—Memorandom for coun- sel. Havens vs. Kloin.—Motion denied. —Opinion. | Spaulding vs. Hulstebrol—Motion granted unless plaintiff proceed with reference and pay defendants $10 costs of motion. Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States vs. Mayer. —Order granted, SUMMARY OF LAW CASES. In the suit brought by Charles B. Orvis against the | New York Sun for libel, a motion for @ bill of par- | ticulars was made yesterday by the plaintiff, betore Judge Van Brunt, of the Court of Common Pleas, After hearing the argument the Court took the papors, Upon writs of habeas corpus and certiorari Frederick Troub, | pan d of the Bowery Garden, and Mr. Eisamechitz, proprietor of Volks Garden, were yester day brought before Judge Bai in Supreme Co Chambers.—These parties wi arrested on Tu y night under the act of 1862 prohibiting the sale of liquor or employment of waiter giris at establish: of the character of those named Police Magistrate Kasm‘ for Ausbacher, on behalf of ¥ the act of 1802, which was a Mr. prisoners, claimed that general act, embracing all | Corporate towns in the States, was repealed by a special act of 1872, having reference alone to this city. Assistant Di 4 Attorney Leary insisted that the former act not repealed by the latier act, even by implication, that the arrests, therefore, were legal and that the action of the police magistrate was correct. Jadge Barrett said he would give bis decision this morning. FIFTY-SEVENTH STREET COURT. Before Judge Murray. AN OLD COUPLE WHO WANTED A DIVORCE, An old couple, verging on fifty years of ago each, ap- peared before Judge Murray and matually pleaded for a | divorce... They could not got along ip this life any longer together, they said, though they had been man and wife for over Mahe pp ah eS then accused the other — i, r eg | secrete of the whole alter iv bad = temper, William J. Ree Convicted | Dawson made an able and eloquent summing up of the | to them the: various | Ree, the prisoner was remanded until to> | Dorn vs, Williams. —Referred to Frank Rudd, to take | 3 and the old man was equally anxious for his Liberts Dut the Judge said he por foe to disappoint head as he had uot the power to restore them to sin; sea andthe old couple became silent. ing i formed that this was nota divorce court they ag to take the pledge from the Judge, and left the court much better friends than when they entered. POLICE COURT NOTE. At the Essex Market Police Court yesterday William Peebler, a middle-aged German, was held@in $2,00q bail to answer for forgery. The prisoner was charged with forging the name of Komer & Stepath, No. 40 Walker street, on a check for $34 200n the Fourth National Bank to bis own order. Pechier passed the) check on Emmanuel Mulhfeeder, of No. 16 Walked street, who, op presenting the check to the bank, wad informed that it was bad. He therefore caused Pech ler’s arrest. COURT CALENDAR—THIS DAY. Scrneae Covrt—Cuamnmrs—Held by Judge Donde hue.—Nos 285, 286, 297, 288, COURT OF APPEALS. Auuany, Feb. 4, 1876, No. 148 Lathrop ys, Bramhall.—Argument resumed and concluded. No, 142, Henry W. Lancy, appellant, vs. Josiah @. Clark, respondent.—Argued. by Thomas H, Hubbard) for appellant and by C. F. Brown for respondent. No. 19, Elihu W. Clark, administrator, &¢., respond4 ent, vs. John G. Syckler et al., appellants. —Argued b 8.8 Bundy, of counser for appatonte, and be Re Me) Townsend for respondent, No, 186, Otto J. Hinteemister, appellant, vs. Thi First Bank of Chittenango, respondent.—Argued by William E. Lansing, of counsel for appellant, and by Da D, Walrath for respondent. ‘Adjourned, CALENDAR. The following is the day calendar for Monday, Februe ary 7:—Nos, 192, 161, 168, 172, 174, 175, 180 and 18044. THE INTERNATIONAL BOAT RACE, THE QUESTION OF ALLOWING GRADUATES TO ROW—WHAT 18 A GRADUATE?—rTHE Ex- PENSE O¥ THE TRIP TO AMERICA NOT LIKELY TO STAND IN THE WAY. Through the courtesy of a gentleman now resident in this city, a graduate of Cambridgo University, in Eng- land, and an old rowing man, one of the Hexatp staf was enabled yesterday to glean the following particulars, which will throw additional light on the question raised by the Cambridge men in our special despatch of yes- terday ag to admitting graduates torow. With us a student enters college, studies four years in the under- graduate department, and, taking his degree of Bach- elor of Arts, graduates, He is then called a graduate,, If intending to follow one of the learned professions he then enters an upper course, namely, that of the divinity, law or medical school, as the case may be, These schools are often directly connected with the ine stitution at which he took his A. B., as, for instance,’ the Columbia Law School with Columbia or that Harvard with Harvard. He is thus in these schools a | graduate, and so, under the present rules of the Row- ing Association, is not eligible for a place in the unl+ versity boat. But in England he usually has his pro- fession in mind from the start, and entering the unl- versity at eighteen or nineteen, much about the same age as here, he at once selects a course which helps to fit him directly for his chosen calling, and thus, though unquestionably an undergraduate and so enti- tled to any place tn the boat which he can earn, he is progressing with branches grappled with here only by graduates, so that, outside of the Fellows and other college officers, there are practically no resident grad- uates as here, but ail are undergraduates. Cambridge thus has some 2,500 graduates ordinarily on her books and Oxford. nearly 2,000, while probably bo institution in this country has 1,000 or numbers, with the men im the schools, 1,500 in all. In this way not ouly, as is well known, the proportion of actua! rowing men is very much greater than here, | they sometimes ut Cambridge numbering many | hundreds, but they may have in their boats three dis- | thact classes of men who bere are not, under the rul allowed to row. The reason for this exclusion ts good one—namely, that some of the institutions, mem- | bers of the association, are only colleges and pot uni- versities, and so have no upper schoois. The distine- tion now raised, namely, whether what are known in England as graduates can compete in the proposed race, means then, can men no longer at the aniversity atall, but graduated and scattered all over the world, so compete? As to the four which would row at Healey, and which may be the very one which comes to Philadel. phia, itis ‘not usually made up from the team that meets Oxford—the ‘varsity eight—but from other rows ing men in college, and so is not strictly a representae tive crew, Butit'may happen that four of the eight itself may come, and our informant regards the HERALD plan of making the inter-university race for tours and not sixes a8 an admirable one aud very much more likely to bring men from the ‘varsity eight than a six would be. Indeed, ag we have already stated, oared racing shells are almost entirely unknow: England, while fours are even more the standard rac. | ing craft there than here. He quite concurred in tho | Henanp view, that they would naturally wonder why | they should be asked to row the students in a kind of boat utterly tabooed in the great races at Philadelphia. | The matter of expense, he thought, would not at all | stand in their way. Indeed, as stated in our yester- | day’s despatches, measures ure already on {oot at | Cambridge to remove any donbt on this point. The only contingency which seems to him likely to. give difficulty will be in the case of men staying up at the univesity throughout the long vacation and reading for the October examinations. There are often one or two of these on the ‘varsity crew, but out of eight | there will be little doubt that four could be bad not so { encumbered, though six would be another matter, | The fecling of all Cambridge men, indeed of all Eng- lishmen, at the plucky course of Cambridge in deter- | mining to cross and face as here on our own waters will naturally be one which will be sharea by all mem the world over, of admiration for robust manhood. THE NATIONAL GAME, NO MORE BASE BALL GAMBLING—ORGANIZATION | OF A NEW AfSOCIATION—THE PHILADEL@. PHIAS LEFT OUT IN THE COLD. ‘A new professional association of base ball players has been formed, and is known as the National League of Professional Base Ball Players. Representatives of the Boston, Athletic, Hartford, Mutual, Chicago, St. Louis, | Louisville and Cincinnati clubs met at the Grand Centra Hotel, in this city, on Wednesday last, and organized | under the above name, and elected Mr. M. G. Bulkley of the Hartford Ulub, President, and Mr, N. E. Young, of Washington, Secretary. The principal object to be attained by abandoning the old National Association and organizing the leaguo ts the exclusion from the championship contests of the Philadelphia Club, The first action taken at the Convention was the passage of a resolution preventing two clubs from any ono city entering for the championship; and, as the Athletics were present, the Philadelpbias were com- letely shut out, Another resolution was passed pro- Bibiuiag ‘any two clubs from playing in a city to which neither of them belonged. One of the most flagrant abuses of the old associa~ tion was the ease with which a player expelled from | one club for misdemeanor could nstate himeelf, despite the knowledge of his misconduct, If he hadj any exceptional ability a8 @ player his services were! invariably demanded by 4 rival clab of that from which he bad been driven, and an appeal to the. National Board, provided the club was influential enough, would give him the right to play, Under the code of the new organization if there is reason to gus-_ pect that a player ts guilty of corrupt practices | charges may be preferred against him by any one in+ | eluded in the league to the secretary of the league, The secretary will notify the club to which the sus- pected momber belongs, and the club must investigate and take action upon the charges within a specified time, In ease this is delayed or nothing is done in the matter, the club is held responsible, will go out of the organization under the rules. In all trials of play« era the Board of Directors sit as final judges, and from their decision there is no appeal, A most wholesome regulation in this connection i to the effect that when 4 player is suspended he must wart until the end of the season, when the directors meet in December, betora, his appeal can be* heard. Thus, if a man is expelled from aclub he cannot join another nine and continue, im the fleld, as under the old system. According to the constitution no visiting club can, play any club outside of the organization, neither a, | match nor an exhibition game, even with the consent™ of the other members of the league. As a consequence the Philadelphia and New Haven Clubs are shut out of the field entirely. The ue will be governed by a board of Ove rectors. Those chosen for the current year are from the Boston, Hartford, .Louisville, Mutual and St. Louis clubs. These five directors will sit annually as a boa: of, appeals to decide all disputed points, and their de-) cision ia to be final. } In wer a code of rules the old ones governin, the National Association were, after a fow alterations, accepted. In future a base runner will be allowed to run on a foul fly cateh the same as a fair fy cated, and he is also allowed to return to his base on a fou! hit ball without being put out, Tho rule att the striker gives that individual much more tatitu than he has hitherto had, for now be virtually has fou strikes. After two strikes have been called, and @ thi: fair ball has been pitched, the umpire shall warn th striker, but shall not cai) the third strike until a fou fair ball has been delivered, CURLING, The curling season has commenced in earnest New Jersey. The Jersey City Club will play the donians, of New York, at the Rink in Lafayette Monday. Five rinks on a side will be played for Rtand national He) the game to be called at o'clock, The Thistle Club, of New York, will act umpire, sf SEVENTH REGIMENT RECEPTION, ‘The sale of boxes for the Seventh sagnaen Hoel) ‘eeauke "toe old womaa ineetea won Doing Ao foe, | Hom Wil) take piace as con armory this evening