The New York Herald Newspaper, November 19, 1875, Page 4

4 RUSSIA AND THE EXHIBITION. She Applies for Double the Space Assigned Her. ———— | | | THE ARTICLE FROM THE “GOLOS.” | | of ade | tonal Exbibition at Philadelphia will not only not be Visit of the Russian Secretary of Legation to the | Director General of the Exhibition, | conditional faith in the imme: NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 1875—TRIPLE SHEET. i profit of universal ex- | hibitions had considerably decreased, and they hae full | Whether European Powers, who not long belore had spent great sums on one exhibition, would consent, after such an insignificant period of time, to take part in anocher exhibit a was, moreover, to be held 1m a different part of the world, I the well known American publicist, John Jay, also dues not deny the apathy of the Ainetican people to grounds for doubtin would have to be overcome in order to guarantee the final success of the proposed undertaking, 1" ° n be no doubt. however, that the Ameri- ans lutterly have really taken more uctive moasures for the attainment of the proposed aim. On tho basis on of the Washington Congress the In' a speculative undertaking of the alfair of some stock comp but will be a national matter in the full sense of this word, The government itself has taken the arrangement of the Exhibition under its control and in on, By the act of Congress and the | proclamation of President Grant the Exbibition in HER POSITION MISUNDERSTOOD. Pustavenruta, Nov. 17, 1875 ‘The attitude of Russia toward the International Bz- | hivition at Philadelphia hes been misunderstood in thiscountry. Her ueglect to apply for space after every importaut Power in the world had done so, and the assertion by a diplomatist as eminent as John Jay that this neglect was not the result of accident, but that, substantially, it plainly indicated a change in the | policy toward America of this great- Power, which has always been so friendly, coniirmed the general im- | pression that the failure of Russia to olfer her partici- | pation in our Centennial Exhibition was a deliberate | Shght upon the United States. His opinion caused the deepest regret to the Centennial Commissioners and to | all thoughtful Americans who knew that with Russia | alone, of all the great European Powers, have the | Telations of the United States since the Declaration of Independence been those of unbroken, active friend- ship, Notwithstanding the letters of Mr, Jay, and the | Bewspaper paragraphs confirming his views, there were some who tried to disbelieve this unwelcome | ows, but the fact still remained that Russia had not officially accepted the invitation to participate in the | | considered by them as, to say course of preparation at Philadelphia will serve as the best evidence of the high degree of development which American industry has reached, and the represents tives of European nations who appear with their pro- ductions in the buildings raised by the hospitable American people for peaceful contest will thus show their respect and sympathy for that peop! Of course, in consequence of this radical chan the character of the Exhibition the relations of peau governments to it must also change. The bition in Phitadelphia will not only constitute an epoch in the history of the Uuiied States, but will have im- mense political importance in the way of international relations, A refusal to take part in the In ternational Exhibition might have the charac. ter of a demonstration against the national festivities of the Americans, and might be é least, an uniriendly act. It ts, therefore, very probable that almost all European governments will a t the invitation ©: tended to them, not by a stock company, but by the Vashington government itself, Washington Koren iow the sincere friendship and mutual good relations which have constantly existed between Russia and the United States to believe that our country will be absent trom the Philadelphia Exhibition, but, on the contrary, that it will be among the most’ honored and dearest guests of the American people, If the United States mtend to lebrate in the coming year the centenary of their independent existence, there is incumbent upon the Russians the enviable duty of celebrating with the ge in Suro. | American people the centenary of the constant and uninterrupted friendship which has united them, as weil in years of tribulation and misfortune asin times of national victory and triumph. In view of this the par- ticipation of Russia in the Philadelphia Exhibition pre- | no detention whatever to », he thus only confirms the | itis impossble | | sents a very suitable occasion for more thoroughly Exhibition. | strengthening those bonds of friendship between itand On the 10th inst. the Humatp published an interest- | the North American Republic which have already ae +0 . | lasted for a century. ing letter from the Russian capital contradicting as un- | Waa Giles ease asa send. wil daemntiiie Kia: true the stories of Russian hostility or apathy, explain- | published order of the government for the appoint- ing why she had not accepted an invitation before, and | announcing the pleasing news that Russia would not | only make adisplay at our Exhibition, but thatit | would be an unusually fine one, and that the govern- | ment of that country still entertained the friendliest | feelings toward the United States, This was the first | good news of a positive character that had been re- cetved, and an event which has just occurred proves it | to have been well founded. | RUSSIA APPLIES FOR SPACE. Yesterday morning Mr. George Bakhmeteff, Secr tary of the Russian Legation to the United States, | arrived in this city from Washington, Representing | the Russian Minister, he waitea upon wirector General | Goshorn, of the Centennial Exhibition, with a formal | Fequest for space in the Exhibition buildings. The amount asked for was 20,000 square feet, The Director | ment of & commission in the Ministry of Finances with reference to the _ participation Russia iu the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876. Notwithstanding our government suifered conrid- erable material sacrifices in the late Exposition at Vienna, which has so far had no practical advantage for Russian industry; notwithstanding, besides, the still greater expense demanded for the arrangement of | a Russiau section at tne Philadelphia Exhibition, still it is glad to give to the United Stat its friendly disposition, Did Russia not the Exhibition, there would be no reason for suspecting any change in her former friendly policy to the United States, apdit was only necessary'to give to this Exhi- Dition the character of a national undertaking, the suc- cess of which should interest the whole American people and not only some industrial company, for her to accept the invitation, After an explanation of the real character and meaning of the proposed Exhibition, the participation of Russia and the formation of a gov- | ernmental commission must follow as a matter of In this regard it seems to us very much out of Tse. place that a certain portion of the American press | press trains, and that they vastly overestimate the ca- | General was obliged to inform him thatthe original | should ailate on the supposed changes in the allotment to Russia was only 11,000 square | friendly greisiions between Russia and the | | United States, im consequence of which our | feet in the main building, and that it was uow | /overnment did not wish, it was imagined, to take too late to admit of more room being | part in the Philadelphia Exhibition, The American given, He assured the Secretary, however, that if it | publicist, John Jay, makes a great expenditure of were at all possibleto secure the required additional | amount in the other structures it should be done. The | Director General is to make investigation and will do | the best possible under the circumstances. The inter- view was of the pleasantest character, the Russian representative expressing himself as highly pleased | with the Exhibition, aud declaring the opinion that the fisplay from his country would be large and interest- ing, especially if the additional space be obtained. He Feturned to Washington, without visiting the Exhibt- | tion grounds, on account of the unpleasant weather, but will return to this city shortly—probably with His Excellency the Minister from Russia, The Hzrato’s St. Petersburg correspondent alluded to and quoted from an article in the Golos, which was interesting and important as being the semi-official an- | nouncement of the wishes and sentiments of the Russian government, The article, in its entirety and i carefully translated, is given below. | | | ‘HR FHILADELPHIA UNTVERSAL EXPOSITION AND energy and thought to show that the refusal of Russia has a deep foundation and plainly indicates a change in Russian policy. Yet this publicist himself admits that asimilar change in the policy of a great Power like Russia must have its reasons, What reasons does he, then, present? None. On the contrary, Jay shows that if there were a monarch in Europe on whose friendly disposition the American people could always | count it would be the Emperor, who, in Jay's own words, “during the time of our last struggle for ex istence in 1861-5 was alone our faithful friend among all the great Powers.”” Really, during the time of the last civil war, which threatened the destruction of the political unity and might of the United States, the Powers of Western Europe, especially England’ and France, openly sympathized with the Southerners, When President Lincoln and the Washington Cabinet everywhere met with open or concealed ili will Russia alone remained faithful to its constant policy with re- gard to the great North American Republic. Russia not only rejected the proposition of Napoleon III. to acknowledge the disruption of the United States as an accomplished fact, but, on the. contrary, Sid not cease to Wish the fullest success to the efforts of President Lincoln in support of his authority and the maimte- nance of the Union, Our government stated {ty firm | belief that while the North American States remained | united in one government they would strengthen one | ton of Amer! RUSSIAN PARTICIPATION IN 11. another; Separated they must paralyze their own [From the Golos of 20th October, 1875.] In the coming year, 1876, the United States are pre- paring to celebrate the one hundredth jubilee of their ational existence, The English colonies had long been subjected to the yoke of the “insatiable” metrop- slis, which not only reaped all the advantage of their trade and natural riches, but arrogated to herself the | right of imposing on them at ber own arbitrary will taxes and duties of all kinds. In 1774 the English government met with open op- position in the colonies to its arbitrary measures, and | the stronger the spirit of independence and freedom | that was awakened in the colonial population the more the government felt bound to display energy and firm- | hess in the introduction of those measures. Finally, | in 1776, after the affray of Lexington, Washington be- | came convinced that an open rupture of the colonies With the motuer country was inevitable, and on the 4th of July of that year the independence of the insurgent nglish colonies was solemnly declared. Oniy af ficult and bloody war dia the newly bor: ultimately guaran- teeing its national independen ‘The treaty of Ver- sajlles of 1785, in which England herself was obliged to admit the legality of the accomplished fact and the in- ternational independence of the United States, was a just reward to the Americans for their sufferings and deprivations of so many years, from this time the United States of North America | | of our go have not ceased to occupy un honorable place in the family of civilized nations, Conseerating their firat ac- tivity to t ter arrangement of their national life | and to the increase of their commercial relations, the | Americans very quickly reached the highest degree of | prosperity and political influence. The appearance in | North America of a new government was of itself an | infringement of the interuational political system which | prevuiled ut the end of the last century. By this was given the first aud most decisive blow to the exclusive | way of England on the seas. The remarkable develop- | ment of Ainerican trade and of their commercial fleet compelled the United States to show themseives always und everywhere as the detenders of freedom of trade pitrariness and force im the tional relations, The governmental American Republic, founded on the basis of personal and political freedom and respect for | the inalenab. tof humanity, ought to assure thie sympathy and co-operation of the United States with | every attempt made to realize these ideas. A Repub- lie by infringing Lhe rights of nations in the peacetul pursuit of their commercial interests beeume an ene- iy of the United States, while a monarch who blessed js eountry with great relorms founded on right and justice could boldly count on the sincere sympathy of jew the celebratiou year of the one hundredth jubile the United States is evidently au event which its significance tur beyond the boundaries of 1 American Republic. ‘This jubilee cannot be an Ainerican festival, interesting only th citizens of the United States, It has an international, world wide signification, and po civilized nation indifferent to 1, The whole family of civilized nation. must be proud of their young comfrere, show it the most sincere sympathy und take part in its joy, It is the duty of the Americans themselves to take all pos ble steps not to give to their jubilee the character of a domestic or narrowly national festival, but to extend | the programme of lestivities and to give to all nations | the possibility of taking partin it. Justice compels Us (0 say that thus, and not otherwise, the Americans og themseives nave understood the historical meaning of the approaching jubilee, They take very decisive measures that all European nations may notouly be | es of the festivities preparing in the United ates, but also participators in theme It is proposed | T things, to collect various interna- | cs of the representatives of European | d industry for considering questions baving | fu interest for all humanity, and the members of the | congresses are assured of ie most cordial hospitality | on the part of the government and the people of the | Republic, | But of course the most active measures for attracting ail countrics and uations to participate in the festivities Of the jubilee and for giving Wo it the sigmitic iuternutional solemnity ie the Luternation St Pbiladelphia, There can take place u tet between the repr sot Karop science aud art ucts of the ac yon of an hibition eful con industry, ot the enterprising * citizens of the United States. ‘The material and inteliectual forces which will | be expended in this contest by the European governs Mebts must be admitted to Tespect and #y the best index of the pathy which can be shown to the great public was not the view of the Exposition evuiled in the United States. The ti t Idea of its construction belongs to pr fons, who desired to torm a stock for "the erection of an exposition sit to that which was constructed in the same way | at New York. American society, ax the American periodical press bears witness, regarded tis undertak ing with great apathy. However, it i impossible not to remark that the jatest trin! made by the Americans at the Vienna Exporition of 1875 justi tn the highest degree this lack of confidence nd interest im the idea, At Viewna the American section presented by no means a brilliant appearance, end in no way cor: ed to the flourishing condition of (he commerce justry of the Uuited States, Besides this, the Aworicans Gould not jeuve out of View the fact wat un | efforts and development. “fhe North American Re- public,”’ Prince Gortschakoff declared before the world in 1861, “not only presents in our eyes u substantive element of the international balance of power, but, be- sides that, it constitutes a nation to which our most august Emperor and the whole of Russia have always had a most frietidly disposition, because both countries, placed on the edges of the Old and the New Worlds, are in the period of their rapid development, and seem called to a national unity of interest and sym- pathies, proofs of which have already been given on both sides."’ Such was Russia’s view of its relations to the North American Repubiic when America was threatened by the greatest danger. This has always been the policy ernment, beginning with the birth of the United States. The political interests of both coun- tries have always been the same, and the Washington government has always found in 'St. Petersburg sup- port and sympathy for its efforts for the improve- ment of international relations and the limita- tion of the calamities of war. When, in 1823, the ericun Minister of Foreign | Affairs, John is, proposed to European Powers to declare the prince! of the inviolabilily of merchant ships in time of naval war Russia was the first Power that ex pressed its fullest sympathy and readiness immediately to conclude the proposed convention, Later, in 1856, when the Washington government renewed {ts propo: sition with regard to the imviolability of merchaut ships, Russia again appeared as the chief and most unselfish defender of that proposition. during the course of the whole century of the United States’ existence the relations between that country and Russia have constantly been so friendly that the wellknown American states: Bancroft Davis, in the review of the historical development and diplo- matic relations of his country with foreign Powers, points to Russia as the “happy”? exception on uccount of the constant frieudly policy which is noticeable in the relations of Russia to America If the relations of Russia to the United States are such we can only won- derat the words of Jay when he speaks of some change which he says has come over Russian policy. 2 e certainly unable respectable American publicwt has in 5 Does be see any proof of his opinion in the fact that Russia did not earlier declare ber consent to par- ticipate in the Philadelphia Exhibition belore this un- dertaking of the American people was clearly shown to have a reully patioual character, or in the fact that Russia, somewhat later than the other Powers, has declared | ptance of the invitation given to her; or can he see in Kussia's acceptation of the invitation, somewhat later than the other Powers, a proof of any revolution in Russia’s policy as regards the United States? No; we understand otherwise the tirmuess of the foundations on which rests the policy of Russia andthe United States, We are assured that while undoubted community of interest invites both coun tries, uuites both countries, while the American people can prize the tnost sincere friendship of such a great power as Russia, the amicable relations of the two countries, hot be changed without any cause, nor can the aims or efforts of Russian policy ehange in this way. the Washington government always p ditions of the policy of the great sta whe position in the family of civilized nations, we a - tain that the policy of Russia is no less consequent and faithful to itself, The Atmerican people have not tor- gotten the great services and the friendly disposition shown tober, Russia, om her side, will wot forget those important interests which unite her to the Amer- ican Republic. For this reason we can boldly express the sincere as- surance that the Russian people will take a most active part in (he International Exhibition at Philadelptia, Once again we repeat this 1 uot only be & monument raised by the in honor of the famous centenary of t but it will be besides a brilliant Confirmation of the uninterrupted, constant and centennial friendship between Russia und the United States. CENTENNIAL To rux Emror oy TH HeRatp:— Ag all matters relating to (he safe and prompt trans. portation of passengers to and from New York city to the Centennial Exhibition Buildings at Philadelphia is of great Importance permit me to call your attention to some misstatements which appear in last Saturday's issue of the Railway World, a weekly journal published at Philadelphia under the patronage of the Penusylvu- nia Railroad Company. It is therein stated ome anxiety has been expressed, in New York par- ticularly, as (o the tyansportation facilities between that city and Philadelphia wext summer, and it may be as well briefly to reler to these. The Pennsylvania 4 Company will undoubtedly be required to tur- » great bulk of these facilities—probably all that available for ordinary travel between the points “That company has wow two complete routes of communiation between New York and Philadel- plhia—the one known as the main line, by way of Tren- ton, aud the other as the Camden and Atuboy line, The main rowd, over which all express trains are run, vi man, nthe United States obtained such an honorable SPORTATION, track throughout, Jaid with finished in all details up to the — highest = xtandard = of — Ameri ean railway construction, Trains” now regularly post over it, between Jersey City and the Ceutennial grounds, ina lite! tian two hours, and it hus been practically demopstrated that the distance can be made, with comparative than that time, fe These tracks can, it required, in considerabl s bees: | 26th of December, | and no guards against accidents. | between the Ist of May to the 1st of October next In a word, | | Veen tne order of the day elsewhere, to understand what the | | this v which have lasted for a whole century, can- | While | | the coal re; | will be re clusively devoted to passenger traffic for at least fifteen hours out of every twenty-four, or, say from six o'clock 1m the morning until nine in the evening. | uring those houry trains ean be following each other continuously both waya, white freight can be shipped by the Amboy route. Freight requiring quick throug! despatch can be passed over the road at might, causing | senger trains, Facilities | such 4s these cannot readily be overtaxed, and it may, | therefore, be safely asserted that this company will be able to carry all the travel offering between the cities named, even if that travel should amount to 20.000 ch way per day. Forty trains will very readily con- | this aggregate, and that number of trains cap easily | provided and managed on this perfect double-track Now, in the first place, I beg leave to differ with the parties making the above statement, in five important particulars :— First—The railroad ig not in all respects ‘a firat class railrodd finished in all details up to the highest stand- ard of American railway construction,” inasmuch as it is nowhere perfectly inclosea with fences, and for many miles on cach side of the road where it ruug through farms cattle and horses may be seeu at ull mes in summer grazing within short distances | ofthe rails. It passes over numerous road crossings at grade, where yuere are no cattle-guards, no signa It runs through pop- ulous cities, with streets close alongside of the rails, without any barriers between to prevent accident or loss of life to persons whu may injudiciously step on the track, or drive across it with teams, thereby en- dangering not only their own lives, but the lives of the railway passengers, ‘The road ts not sufficiently sup- plied with “sidings” and “passing places” to enable if | to pass so large a traflic as will surely be offered to it year, a ‘Second—Its passenger cars are old and shabby and far inferior to other railroads claiming to be class,’ such as the New York Central and ) roads, Third—It is claimed that ‘train over it between Jersey City and the Centennial grounds ina little more than two hours; the writer has fre- | quently passed over the road during the present year, and on about one-third of the trips bas been delayed | from fifteen minutes to an hour in time beyond the | “sehedule time. Fourth—It 1s claimed that forty passenger trainsca n be run in the fifteen hours of each day, at the rate of forty-tve miles per hour, carrying 2, aggregate of 20,000 passengers per day each Way.. This would re- quire the departure of trains of ten passenger cars, containing 500 passengers each, to be despatched trom cach end of the ‘track every 225; minutes, requiring an equipment of about 300° pussen- ger cars and a large number of new locomotives, the company having at present but a small number of en- | gines that can run ninety miles in two hours with ten | passenger coaches and corresponding baggage cars to a | tran, Fifth—If forty fast passenger trains are run each way at intervals of only 2244 minutes there must necessarily be five of these large and rapid trains on each track all the time for fifteen hours of the day; and during the remaining nine hours of the night the track would be equally crowded with through freight trains, What, then, is to become of the vast loca) and through trattic to and from the cities and towns along the line, with the cities of New York and Philadelphia and with the West and South, which can only be properly conducted tn daylight, and’which will be largely augmented by the vivilying influence of the Centennial celebration upon ali kinds of business and travel In conclusion it seems to the writer, who claims to be a competent observer in such matters, that the managers of the Pennsylvania Railroad are unwisely now regularly pass fluttering themselves as to the quality and character of their road in New Jer- sey; that they are not correctly informed as to the irregularity of the time made by their ex- pacity of their line and underestimate the Centennial tratfic, They are therefore advised without delay to caretully consider the-condition of their roaa, as to its state of repair, its deficiency in sidings, fencing and cattle guards; its numerous dangerous grade cross- ings; its defidiencies in depots and passenger accom- modations; its want of facilities for taking water by its | express trains at full speed; its inferior, imperfect, un- suitable and insufticient equipment of passenger ‘cars | and engines. , | They have but a few months at the most un- favorable season of the year in which to make improvements and preparations to perform the Cen- tennial service between the two cities, which, if not made, will cause them to present buta sorry exhibi- n railway construction to the nume- rous distinguished strangers who will be present at the Centennial celebration next year, CIVIL ENGINEER, THE COAL SUPPLY. NO PROBABILITY OF CHEAP COAL—THE PO- SITION OF THE CARRYING COMPANIES—NO FOUNDATION FOR THE RUMOR OF A STRIKE AMONG THE MINERS. Prrrstox, Pa., Nov. 16, 1875. Whatever may be the ruling” prices of coal in Now York at present it is quite cdrtath that the great com- modity will not be auy cheaper this winter, but, on the contrary, may rise higher before many weeks, and for very good reavons. For some time past the miners all _ through this section of the anthracite region | have been employed only half their tme, and, | in consequence, there has been a great deat | of grumbling among them because of the idle | days forced upon them They understand the cause to be a lack of cars to carry the coal away from the mines, aud they at once jump to the conclusion thut this scarcity of cars is brought about by a com- bination on the part of the great carrying companies, who are large operators as well, to regulate the supply in the markets so that the demand shall, if pos- | sible, exceed the former, ‘This they know would | raise ‘the price of coal to a high | figureand enrich the operators in the same ratio, While it is quite true that the miners are idle balfthe | time for want of cars, and that this idleness will bring | about a great deal of suffering among the miners this | witter, a careful investigation proves that the caary- | ing companies are not to blame for this state of things, During the last great suspension in the anthracite region the mines in this immediate locality, mostly controlled by the Pennsylvania Coal Company, were all at work, The shipments from this pomt were | son in the following year. AMERICAN COMPLICATIONS. OUR WARS AND RUMORS OF WAR—NEGOTIATIONS WITH GREAT BRITAIN, AND THEIR CAUSES, The existing disputes with Spain serve to recall the causes which lod to or threatened to lead to war’in the past. Our young Republic was scarcely established until complications with other Powers began to agitate parties in this country and disturb the people. The first of these was with America’s earliest friend, and never since that time has party spirit run higher than during that famous controversy. Tbe troubles with France began in 1793, Citizen Genet came to this country in that year as Mintster from the French Re- public, and at once became an active agent in foment- ing war between the United States and Great Britain, Attempting to Gt out privateers from our ports to prey upon British com: merce, he was thwarted by the President, but he was not disposed to ucquiesce and made an ap- peal from the government to the people. This caused great excitement, and his reeall by the French govern- ment was demanded by the United States. This was complied with, WGt party fecling was not abated, mostly because of the obnoxious conduct of Great Britain in holding certain forts in the West which be- longed to us under the treaty of 1783, and in impress- ing American seamen and seizing American vessels, ‘These English difficulties were ended in 1794 by the Jay treaty, but the promulgation of the treaty was re- ceived with extraordinary clamor and was the cause of renewed efforts on the part of France to stir up strife, Discriminating and annoying decrees were directed against our commerce, and Mr. Pinckney, the Amer- ican Minister at Paris, was rudely insulted by the ench government, For a time war seemed inevitable and the President sent a message to Congress in 1798 recommending measures for the protection of our com- merce. It will thus be seen that the disputes between the two countries lasted over five years before it reached its climax, and both Congress and the country* were about evenly divided on the question, Jefferson violently opposed the policy of the administration, and described the President’s message as “inflammatory.” ‘The debate in Congress was long and acrimonious, and the Aurora and other newspapers were violent in their appeals, As a result of ali this the two countries were in u state of quasi war; trade between them was sus- pended, and had they been contiguous to each other the actual shock of arms could not have been averted. j WAR WITH TRIPOLI. Almost simultaneously with this issue was the war with Tripoli. The Barbary States were the nurseries of pirates and the United States were forced into the purchase of treaties with them, The treaty with Tripoli Was the last of the series, and was purchased by the payment of a gross sum down, with which the Bey af- terward became dissatisfied and threatened and subse- quently declared war against the United States, In this desire he was accommodated and Commodore Dale was despatched to repel hostilities. THe WAR oP 1812. ‘The causes which led to the War of 1812 are too well known to require any elaborate statement of them now. That struggle grew out of the famous orders in council and the question of the right of search. Under the policy of the English government relating to neu- trals many American vessels were seized by Briush cruisers and condemned in British Admiralty courts. These acts led to declaration of war by the United States against Great Britam, the basis of which was reported in Congress June 3, 1812, and on the 18th of June following the President signed the act declaring war, This action and the hostilities which followed were owing not so much to the actual outrages com- mitted upon American vessels as to the principle which was involved. JACKSON'S FLORIDA WAR, When France ceded Louisiana to the United States in 1803 it was declared to be with the same extent as it had been ceded by Spain to France. This led to the = | claim on the part of the United States to the country west of the Perdido River, and it wag taken possession of by our government in 1811. There were, however, frequent disputes in regard to the action of individuals, and many acts were committed by the Spaniards inim- ical to the United States. During the war with Great Britain a British expedition was fitted out from Pensa- cola, in consequence of which General Jackson marched against the place and captured it, The Seminole war in 1817 led to the second capture of the place by Jack- i That hero also captured St, Mark’s about the same time, but both places were subsequently restored to Spain, These complications fortunately did not lead to a war between the two countries, but, what is better, to the cession of Florida to the United States, THE INDEMN:TY COMPLICATIONS WITH FRANCE, ‘The question of French spoliations has always been a fruitful source of trouble between France and America, but the most remarkable episode connected with the payment of these indemnitics took place during Gen- eral Jackson’s administration, The effort to secure some recompense for the many outrages which had been committed called out trom President Jackson a very vigorous and threatening demand for payment, This action was very distasteful to the French Cham bers; while it was willing to pay the indemnity, an apology was demanded, and it was reported that a French squadron was coming to enforce the demand, ‘This attempt on the part of France was only a repeti, tion of the policy of Genet, and was an effort to dictate to the government through the people. THE ASHBURTON TREATY, The boundaries between the revolted colonies of Great Britain and the remaining British possessions in regular, and, though the supply was greatly dimin- | ished by reason of the idleness cleewhere, the opera- | rs here Secogied the conditions of fair play by | hich they are all bound, and did not exceed their | usual shipments, Now all are at work again, and it | appéurs that (he means of transportation have been | allowed to fall far velow the requirements, During | the past year many uew shafts have been sunk in the northern coal fields, while increased productions have Adequate supply | of transportation has not been allowed for the in- | creased demand, and in consequence the mines can only be worked when cars are here ready to carry | away the coal. ‘A short time ago some of the individual operators in | inity conceived the idea that the carrying coms panies were cheating the ut of their percentage of curs, and that they were purposely withholding trans- | portation in order to bring about a short supply of coal, | and consequently an advance in prices. Then they imagined the plan was for these same companies to | supply thedemand for coal from their own tines to the | great detriment of individual operators. Bus this im- | pression was subsequently discovered to be false, for | Upon examination it was found that the compani question were dealing tairly by all, and that every Was receiving its just proportion of cars. Iu fact, the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, which owns many | mines in this locality, instead of lavormg its own. cor. poration by unjustly dealing with others, suffered a from the lack of transportation as others, he scarcity of coal cars is accounted for in many | ways, First, the number of cars now in use i is thought rans far below woat is ually required by’ ons north and south, and it is conceded that if no other barrier existed this would be im itself | enough to impose a certain uinount o: idleness in the | mines, Again, th are th: us of tons Valley coal carried on where they are transferred at that point for ther ix carried in ey road, and as the other r ely required to furnish a few men and motive power, they generally tuke their ume | in transporting the coal, as they get justas much forear- | Tying it (Wo Weeks from to. today, and they | contracts, Coul bas to take its chances and | sign no tin get out of the way of everything else. It will be | seen at once, thereture, incouvemience imereases the drawback and 4 t ready receipt found that even after its arr culties exist thi aeon in the trauster busine arrangements causing great delay iu unloadir It is by no means a certainty that any of these evils edied this winter, and the meonveniences from the mines will probably » increase, as the severitins Of the season set in. e the miners wre greatly dis- pleased with the state of thin: they exist at present the reports that a strike is to augurated in Decem- ber, of that the corporations intend to suspend ope tions entirely for a tine, are without a shadow of jonn- dation, Neither the ue nor the other can afford w be | idle this winte | THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIO) the in the contin Mr. William Conklin, the manager of the menagerie at the Central Park, reports the following valuable ad- dition to the collection:—Three axis deer from India, three tiger kittens, a year old, which were born iu the Antwerp gardens and’ suckled bya dog, and two Indian nylghaus, which were bred in the Acclitnutization Gar- den at Paris, | pee A NEW COLLEGE As | SOCIATION, The alumni residing in this city of Belimuth College, ‘| | of London, Ontario, have organized an association, and eleeted the following officers:—President, Ro J. De H. K, Johnson and F, Arn |. Goodeve; Secretary, D, 8, Ci dinuer will take piace about thi eron, Their ann North America were in dispute for sixty years, The line in controversy was that which divides the State of Maine from Lower Canada = According to the treaty of 1783 the boundary was fixed “along the highlands which divide the waters that empty themselves into the River St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ‘ocea: The objection of the British government to this boundary was, in fact, that the line was brought within a distance of twenty miles from the River St. Lawrence, thus enabling the United States to command and overawe that river and the fortress of Quebec, After thirty years’ negotiation the question was saomitted to the arbitrament of the King of the Netherlands, and al- though he executed his trust Great Britain steadily refused to accept bis award, The question remained open for tairty years, until finally it was determined by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster by the terms of what 1s now kuown as the Ashburton treaty. THE ORKGON DISPUTE. When the Northeastern boundary question was settled by the Ashburton treaty the Northwestern boundary was etill left undetermined. Upon Mr Polk's accession to the Presidency in 1846 the ery of “{uevitable war’was heard all over the country, owing to the strong language of the President in his inaugural address, Notwithstanding negotiations were going on FRANCE AND SPAIN, | ! atthe time he declared that our ttle tothe whole of | Oregon was clear and indisputable, a declaration whic roused the spirit of both countries and seemed to make an appeal tv arms unavoidable. Mutual concessions followed, however, and the present line was established as the boundary between the United States and the British possessions the sume y THE WAR WITH MEXICO, The Mexican war was the direct result of the acquisi tion of Texas. Opposition to the aggrandizement of what had becn aud was still, ina measure, claimed to be Mexican territory, #0 completely accounts for the conflict that all minor causes and events are mere in- cidents in the great drama which turns upon the greater motive, The advance uf the American troops to the left bank of the Rio Grande was, however, the immediate cause of hostilities, and vhese had actually begun be- fore a declaration of war Was made. The conilict having vegun, however, the declaration followed and the complete triumph of the United States was the conse- quence, THE MASON. AND SLIDKLL APPAIR. The history of the famous Maron and Slidell affair will be remembered by all the readers of the Heraiy, | James M. Mason and Jolin Slidell, who were Commis- sioners from the Confederate States, were taken by Captain Wilkes from a Royal Mail steamer on the bigh seas, and they were subsequently coniined Warren, in Boston harbor, A demand was made by the British government for their surrender, which was complied with with all the humility nece: a blunder a degradation aiso, . THE ALANAMA CLAIMS, ‘The settlement of the clains for damages inficted on American commorce by British cruisers, sailing under the Confederate fag, determined by the Geneva tribunal under the three rules adopted by the Treaty of Wash- Ingtou, Will long be memorable on account of the | triumph of diplomacy and arbitration which was its consequence, | friends of Hendricks, in Fort | 'y to make | | THIRD TERM NOTES. “WELL, WE CAN'T TELL WHAT MAY HAPPEN, GENERAL GRANT. General Grant is certainly seeking to be nominated for the third term,—Senator Bayard. The ghost of ar once more walks the earth, and ap uncommonly lively spook it is. —ew York Tribune. The officials must take care of their own bacon, the country will take care of the third term. —Rutland ( Vt.) Globe (dem.) Altogether there 1s certainly a better prospect for Working up a “third term’? operation now than there was six months ago. —Jndianapolis News, The iseue is made—“Grant for the third term or not?’ With faith im the intelligence of our people we await the result.—Kaston (Pa.) Argus (dem.) We are now satistled that President Grant does not intend to vacate the White House at the expiration of his present term of office.—Worcester Press dem.) Tho educational question gaye the republicans the the victory in the Buckeye State, It was Grant who made that question @ public issue.—Governor-elect Hayes. ‘The talk of a third term was never stronger than now among men whose positions render their opinions worthy of attention. — Washington Correspondence Sac- ramento Union, Tt may hay in the future history of tne country that to change an Executive because he has been eight years in office will prove unfortunate :f not disastrous. — General Grant to Harry White. ‘That old third term trap is pretty well worn out. It caught the republican elephant once (according to Nast), but the animal will hardly be scared into ita second time.—Bloomington (Il) Pantagraph (repub- Wecan). Just after the elections of this month # personal friend of the President remarked to him, “This means your re-election, Mr. President.” The reply was, “I don’t know whether it does or not.”—Correspondence Boston Post. The views of the republican party are thoroughly un- dersteod to be in opposition to a third term, and the few, if there are any, who seriously contemplate such a scheme cannot write it up.—New Bedford Mercury (republican). Ifthe candid opinion of the most prominent public men of both parties could be known it would appear that they, with scarcely an exception, believe Grant will be the republican nominee in 1876.— Worcester Press (democrat). A gentleman remarked that the people of the Soutn were very much put ogt at the supposition that they could not rencminate him, and that they despaired of finding as good acandidate as he; to which the Presi. dent responded, “I hope they may find him.’—Corre- spondence Boston Post. The sudden impetus that the third term movement has received since the fall elections has been com- mented upon, ‘There are ten open and avowed advo- cates of the project to be met with now where there was one prior to the election.—Washington Correspondence Cincinnati Commercial. The Washington Chronicle admits the utter hopeless. ness of the republican cause without Grant stepping in to save it, What if Grant should die! The last prop of the party would be gona! No one else can save the party! The looked-for emergency has arrived!— Syracuse Courier (democrat). Shoula the boss of the Grant ring be presented asa candidate for his own successor, the nation will reject Lim—not because it is terrified by the knavish cry of “Casarism,” and not because it has any objection toa third term executive, but because it has had enough of Grant and the Grant ring.—Chicago Times (dem.) We cannot see how the republican party can secure victory next year without Grant as a candidate for re. election, The masses of the republican party, no longer affrighted with the absurd cry of ‘“Cwsarism,”’ are now looking to Grant as confidently as they ever regarded him.—Washington Chronicle (republican). ‘Tho suggestion of a possibility of a third nomination to the Presidency, at once introduces a subject of con- troversy and of division into the party councils and the forcing of such a nomination would meet with a sturdy opposition threatening disastrous consequences. —Syra- cuse Journal (Republican Organ Central New York). The republican managers now see clearly that they have no hope of success with any other candidate They have proteste@ against nominating him a third time, in recognition of the strong public remonstrance, ‘This protest is a confession of his present weakness; but weak as he may now be there is no man stronger in the republican party.—Albany Argus (democrat). The Harttord rant, which is getting to be very Be was a copperhead during the war and a salary grab- ber; bus his position o:. the financial question, which is everywhere becoming the one that masters all others, 4s rather favorable to his prospects, Personally and by conviction he isa hard money man; but, during the | recent canvass, he went in with the intlation party 1m order to win, and that renders his principles loose enough to satisty the erowd of Ohio and Southern dem- sbirks the ex- joes ocrats who favor inflation, Wood ne pression of bis hard money convictions; neither Kerr, of Indiana; and that will work against them the soft money crew of ex-Confederates in the House. KERR'S MONEY TOO HARD, {From the Cincinnat! Enquirer. } The National Bank Money Power of the East is ac. tively at work to secure a tool of theirs in the Speaker's chair, They should be checkmated. Their game is to select some Western doughface, who, either from ambition or lucre, 1s willing to sell out bis party and the section of the country from which he came, Then, again, these Wall street champions want to use the argument: —Well, we have given the West the Speaker the East—that is, New k—must have the other great ollice, the President, The West makes no imper- ative sectional claim tor the Speakership, although, o1 course, if it is Uhrown here by general consent to a reli. uble man, we would be willing to take it, We do de mand that no enemy of the West and South shall be put in that Speuker's chair The selection of Mr. Ker would be very offensive to the democracy of the Wost The people of the West don’t want any Westera frauds—don't want any man coming among thera, elected to oilice who belongs, soul aud body, to the g gamblers of Wall strect. KERB GOOD AND WALKER A GENTLEMAN. (Murat Halstead in Cincinnati Commercial.) On grounds of personal character and iategrity, inteb lectual attainments, political experience and just prim ciples of public policy Mr, Michael C. Kerr, of Indiana, has advantages over tho competitors who have been named. On the financial issue—the fore most one of the day—he stood uncompromis- ingly against the inilationists, and beat them on their own ground in his own district, On the great question of revenue there 1s perhaps no man ip Congress who understands 1 better in ail its relations, while he has had large experience in sae legisla tion as a member for years of the Ways aud Means Committee of Congress, “He was an inflexible opponent of the back pay steal, voting against it in all its stag and refusing alter it was passed to accept the money. We think ita justifiable inference, from his bearing in the past, that he would hold evenly and fairly the scales of justice in the most responsible position, inclining, so lar as depended on his influence, toward the side o public economy, popular wellare and a pure currency, Leaving aside the veterans, the name of Gilbert C. Walker, of Virginia, is conspicuous umong the new men wio are occasionally named in connection with the Speakership. He 1s the strougest Southern candi- date who can be brought forward, Governor Walker, we believe, is a gentleman of large capacity, He hag opposed the construction of the James Kiver and Ka- nawha Canal by appropriations from the National ‘Treasury, and this fact will not work in his favor in the minds of the immense and clamorous lobby who are in- terested first of all in public jobs, unless he can be shown so be prepared with works mect for repentance. We are afraid that Walker is somewhat bitten with the blatherskite heresy of secesssion, but we have known cases of this mania cured by the defeat of that policy atthe polls. Upon the whole, Walker is not to be counted out, COMING? IS “UNSER FRITZ” Americans have but little idea of the intense sensa- tion which the announcement made in the Henae some days ago that the German Crown Prince intended to attend the Centennial celebration at Philadelphia has excited among their German fellow citizens, Although true republicans at heart, they still cherish a fecling of affection for those members of the imperia) farmily whose bravery and pluck have conquered for the Fatherland the first place among the continental na tions. There was, therefore, a feeling of genuine pleasure at the news that ‘Unser Fritz,’’ the next Em- peror of Germany, would testify his friendly re- gard for their adopted country by his Y gg econ at the celebration of the one hundredth an versary of its independence, Scarcely had the preliminary anuounceruent been contirmed by a sub: Seoul cable despatch, when already a meeting of prom- inent Germans, inclusive of the oflicers of the Eleventh regitnent, was held tor the avowed purpose of raising $60,000 to defray the expenses of his reception, which Would have been commensurate with the wealth and numbers of his German fellow countrymen. It was an- nounced on all bands that his reception would be the grandest ever given to any visitor of this Republic, and echpse in splendor even that of the Grand Duke Ale As the presence of the German Crown Prin would, besides, have been a great card for the Centen- nial, and would have been sure to attract thousands of Gerimans from all parts of the country, the managers of the Centennial heartily welcomed’ the ne his coming, Yesterday a despatch appeared in the HukaLD announcing, on the authority of the Reuter News Com- pany, that the Crown Prince had never intended to come at all, an announcement which will fall like a wes blanket upon the enthusiastic and los New York. Atthe General Consulate of Germany in this city, where it was thought official news as to the icting reports might be obtained, no imiormation had been received one way or the other. Dr. Scha- macher, the Consul General, was absent, being engaged | Germans of nervous on the Grant question, charges that everybody | With Prince Wittgenstein, who is to sail for Europe to- who talks in favor of athird term is a democrat. It must be that Olezack Chandler is one of these pesky democrats in disguise, trying to ruin Grant and the re- publican party by making it appear as if the President really favored the third term project.—Har(ford Times (aem.) Every day it becomes clearer that the third term party are determined to make the most of the golden opportunity offered at this time in consequence of the delicate relations existing between our government and Spain. And so the flatterers of the President are urging him on, and there is no longer any doubt that he will have something startling to say in the forth. coming Message.— Washington Correspondence Phila delphia Times, What care they (the republican party) for a republi- can form of government so long as they are the mas- Emperor before they would resign the government again into the hands of the democracy. usto say whether “His Excellency” shall be tran: formed into “His Majesty,” and whether the Aweri- | can republic shall be blotted from the map of the world.—Easton (Pa.) Argus (dem.) CANDIDATES FOR SPEAKER. POSITION OF THE PRESS. BANKS HAS A CHANCE. {Washington correspondence of the Chicago Inter- Ocean.) The contest for the Speakership is beginning to grow active, and the chances of the different candidates are | Veing talkea over very freely, Randall's friends expect that he will be the cboice of the democratic caucus, but | others say if this is the case there will be a bolt in favor of Kerr. Ex-Governor Wasker and Banks are looked Wood and Cox do hot appear to have much strength, although their friends claim they will be formidable rivals, KERR BETTER THAN RANDALL, [Washington correspondence of the Troy Times, ] Mr. Kerr, the Indiana hard money candidate for Speaker, has been appealed to to what be will do if elected, but he declines to make any bargains or any promises whatever to anybody, He is for a sound cur- rency, Was all the time ‘dead against “back pay’? and detests bargaining tor the Speakership or any other place, and will not descend to it it he loses it thereby, whieh shows that on w has the decided agyantage of Sam’ Randall, who is open to sharp criticisngh several of them, RANDARL HAS A FAIR CHANCE. {Washington correspondence of the Springtleld Repub- n~ Nican.} The contest over the Speakership begins to grow wart, Kerr's friends are angry at the discovery that Randall has been tiying tu arrange things betorehand, Well, that is what Colfax and Blaine did before him, and it would not be at all surprising if these tactics were to elect Randall, He is very clever as a politician He won't , and this will prot lnsure his de! But he 1s a pure, brave, honest ond it would be asplendid thing tor the democra make him Speaker; but it 1s not itself great, or pure, or bonest, and #0 Randall or some other compromise will succeed, gains HENDRICKS AGAINST KERR, {From the St, Louis Times} ‘The real opposition to M. C. Kerr tor Sp@@ker of the next House of Representatives will come from the a, it Is said, cannot have hip. While Hen- ampaign for Allen d the issue; and vse to Colorado, From present appear Kerr will not be the next Speaker. furton ix working with tremendons vin epab: Hiewn nomimation to th ney. Hendricks wiil po al Convention with an almost Ind and would to-morrow give 30,000 majority in favor of & greenback issue, Voorliees will come back inte poli- tes at the next election, aud yet whatever he asks for ju the State, both the Presidency ‘and tl dricks threw himecif into t ley A HARD MONEY 34 [From the Milwaukee Wisconsin.) Reports trom Washington say that Sam Randall, of Philndelniia i rly every point mentioned he | It remains for | day, but Herr Hinkel, his representative, stated that no communication had been made to the Consulate on the subject, and that the only person who might have an mkling of tho oficial news was Baron Schidzer, the German Minister at Washington, It is still hoped by the Germans of this city that the first tnformation will prove to be correct, and that “Unser Fritz’? will be un- der the wings of the American bird of freedom next summer, A CHARITABLE ALLIANCE. CO-OPERATION OF SEVERAL STRONG SOCIETIES WITH ST, JOHN'S GUILD, ‘The public will be interested in learning that several of the largest charitable organizations in the city have formed a practical union with St. John’s Guild forthe care of the poor during the approaching winter. The alliance 18 opportune, as a widespread feeling exists that | We are about to enter upon a season of unusual severity ters? They would sacrifice all and install Grant as | for the poor, ‘The failures reported daily are, in fact, throwing many out of employment and swelling the ranks of those who can obtain no permanent work and only exist “rom band to mouth. ’? : On Monday Mr. Wiswall, of St, John’s Guild, held consultations with Messrs. Coudert, of the French Society; Hoffman, of the German Society; Waller, of St. Georgo’s, and Rice, of the United Hebrews, and an agreement was entered ito as follows:—Every evening during the winter slips will be sent from the Guild, which assist sthose of all races and creeds to the societies of the various na- tionalities, with the names and addresses ofall ther countrymen who have applied for aid during the day, Similar slips will be sent by the others to the Guild office, No. 52 Varick street. Such as are receiving assistance ffom two or more societies will have the extent of the relief furnished noted against th names, and thenceforth each society will govern itself by the figures checked in the margin in apportioning assistance, A system calculated to in a great degree free the city from the incubus of the professional tramps will doubtless, be introduced vy the volunteers of the Guild when they have suiticient supplies on baud to warrant the action, The able-bodied mendicants who extor y by their iinportunities from door to door car fully avoid the societies where thei claims would be vestigated and th positions exposed, y Will Loss into the garbage barrels food that would be life itself toa starving family, and they pawn or sell the clothing thoy receive and expend the proceeds for drink, In the meantime many are really suitering from hunger and cold. ‘The Guild, when abie to do so, will send to all dwellings and stores printed slips, to be given in pluce of money to applicants for charity, 7 slips will direct the needy tothe Guild, where their cases will be amediately investigatea und oper aid gi public Co-operates with the | | office, at 62 Varic | many a worth | been producing e Guild the horde of swindlers maintained by the sums given at the door, without question, will be routed and y family will be saved to usefulness, The volunteers are now without means to begia their work of relict, though many cases of destitution are reported, No better time at which to make a donatioa tw its funds could be hit upon, We are approaching » son When our people are wont to gather for publie nksgiving for the rity and the mauifold ings that have av hem. Such « moment is ently fit ring to those who have been overtaken by misfortune and are destitute of all com- forts something to cheer them and strengthen their hearts to endure the bitter struggle. A little of the ood cheer and warmth that may overran from happy homes into the homes of the poor will not make us en- Joy ourselves less or render our Shankagiving less sine cere and acceptable, Contributions for the poor through the volunteers of John’s Guild may be seut to the street, ST. PAUL'S GUILD. St, Poul’s Guild will cive a series of entertainments at the different chureles of Trmity parish in Thanks. giving week, begina n Monday evening in the jarge ball of Trinny churel school, A DOLLS BAZAAR, Arrangements are in progress for opening a doll's fair in aid of the funds of the Free Trainig Schoo! for Women at No. 30 Kast Tenth sirect, ‘The fair will be. gin December 1, and the entire building occupied by the society will be used for the purpose, and tables will be found on all the floors covered with specimens of the handiwork of the women taught in the mstitution, in the way of fine lingerie aud taney work, The dolls dis. prayed, however, will bo the ehiet teatare of the bazaar, as a host of ladies for several months past have verything in the doll line that is novel society needs help, and it i# to be and inu sting. inw wround for the Sveakersbiv. | boved thas the fair will be u decided pecuniary ayecesa,