The New York Herald Newspaper, August 1, 1875, Page 3

ANDREW JOHNSON, Death of the Ex-President from Paralysis Yesterday. —-— THE VISIT TO WS DAUGHTER'S HOUSE. His Premonitions That His End Was Near. ye ed WHAT HIS PHYSICIANS SAID. VE ae fhe Last Political Valk of Mr. Johnson, What He Expected of Ohio and Pennsylvania. A SKETCH OF HiS CAREER. The Feeling Thronghout the Country. GREENVILLE, Tenu., July 31, 1875. Greenville and the whole country sustained a Jose this morning which will bring yadness to the nearts Of not only taose who stood in need of the assistance of the illustrious dead who departed this life to-day, but the whole American people, who have lost in him one who was always realy to raise his voice in defence of vovir rights and aiberties, Ex-President Johnson departed ‘this life 4t balfpast two o'clock this morning, at the residence of bis G@aushter, Mra, W. R, Brown, formerly Mrs. Colonel Stover, in Carter county, Tennessee, Mr. Jonbnsou lefts here last Wednesday morning, at three minutes to six o'clock, in rather feqple condition, for the farm of his daughter, Mrs. Brown, to recuperate nis health for the next session of Congress, in which he promised to play so conspicuous a part. He was cautioned at the time of bis departure by his son that he was in too aelicate a state of | health to attempt the journey; but tho ex-Presi- | dent expressed his confidence in being able to make toe trip, ag 1t was only forty-fve vores from this place to nis destination, WHE JOURNEY. Afterleaving here Mr. Jonnsou seemed to make. avery pleasant trip to Carter’s depot, thirty- seven mntles from ureenvilie, At Carters depot he was met by 3 servant of Mrs. Brown with a cartiage, in which he rode in the hot sun—for it wasa very warm day-—to the resilience of his daughter, which is seven miles from the depot. ARRIVED AT HIS DAUGHTER'S. Afver arriving at Mrs, Brown’s be complained of feeling muvh fatigued, and dropped from the whair, He was found to be unebie to riss, and re- markeda that he feared he was paraly: He was at once assisted to his bed, hut evjected to calling a pnysician, saying Pe tnought he should soon recover. No physician was called antl Thursday evening, about five o'clock, He at once proceeded to apply active remedies, but, as is evident, he was Called too late. Tuls physician was Dr. Jobe, an old and experienced practitioner of Elizabethton. Shortiy aiter his arrival the Senator was seized with convulsions, which re- sulted in a paralytic stroke of sue leitside, The stroke affected his speech, but did ne! totally dis- aole him trom conversing. HEART DIS It was thought at first @ siovk of apoplexy would follow, but it turned out to be heart dis, ease, Which he has been tirouiled with lately, that was showing its work. J. Jobo made an examination and found him to be ‘aa very dan- gerous condition, BENDING FOR THE FAMILY, fis son, Andrew Johnson, Jr., and dauguter, Mrs, Patterson, were then sent ‘oj, and arrived at the ex-Prosident’s bedside at about eight or nine o’clock on Thursday nigny. Where were then present Dra, Jove, of Ktizav¥ivton; Broyles and Taylor, of this place; Mrs. Jobnsoa, who had been resing at her daughter's 1a Carter county sor the past six weeks; Mra Paiterson, his daugnter, wie of ex-Scnator Patterson; Anarew Jonpson, Jr.; Mrs. Brown, her two daughters and son; Miss Belle Patterson aud Aodrew Patterson were the only members of the family not present, They stayed with him until after his death, which occurred at half-past two o’riork (his morning. From seven o'clock on Friday night unt! the hour of bis death he was unconsvic: CONVERSED FR During Friday he conversed ireely on different sudjects, especially on Stute matt iis mind did not wander much, but he scemod to suffer ter- ribly, as he struggied with (be diseese that had stricken him down. Mr. Jounson during tne past few weeks has been in good *pirirs, wut feeling very Weak and seemed to lack vi'a! EXPECIED 10 DIE 300%. Dr. Marlon Maloney was called by Dito, ond pre- acribed for him several times before bis departure irom this place, Mr. Johnson tuld him (bast he did not think he could hold ont more thaw & year or ‘wo longer, as he was letely worn ont, On last Monday Dr. Taylor was 4 ia, and made acarciul examination o/ niu, aud expressed Tears as to lils condition. EARLY RISING AND MOPAING WORK. Mr, Jounson was wont to rise ab daylight, taza w short walk on nig porch and tnspect his prem- ives, take am early breakfast and tien go to his oMce, answer currespondence ead Fr . Just be- jore his departure from this place had been reading the book written ana presented to him | by Gideon Welles, ex- y of the Navy, en- nued “Lincoln and Sex He bad also been | carry lng ou @ large correspou Icace with prominent men of this country. Mr. 4 loney, a young lawyer of this p tary, Numerous letters were ¢ jrom Lontstana and Ohio wh: *\yud lavely by bi | he pave a careful | reading and promptiy answ 5 IS POLITIVAL %. He hes shown qnite an ioreres, in the | Ong election bos @id not sympathize with | ‘he inflation plank in is Onlo demo- cratic platform, He freely expressed himself im favor of hard moneys or its equivalent currency, and desired that tne country should return to specie payments at the earilest practicable day, He also read the first speech of Governor Allen careiully, and said it contained meny good points, He also spoke of tho Pcunsylvania campaign, end iels onddeat, if good men Were nominated, the democrats were bound to carry the Siats, ts seems, from the books and documents he had vecn studying of late, his cluse attention to business, and from re- marks he has made, that he intended to introduce some important reiorm measures at the next Bes- sion of Congress, At home, os well a8 on the rorum, he was @ hard worker ana very particular 44 to everything he had anyiuing to do with His house and his office were always kept in the neatest order, and he could easily detect the aligutegt innovation in lis papors and books He had perhaps the largest and most com- plete library of law books and publio docu- ments in thts section oF the country, The ieeling ol the people in this section of the State, where he had a great many Warm friends, is one of almost universal sorrow. Aithuugh @ great many have been political enemies, they re- spected bis many virtues and loved him as &@ man, HOW HE LEAVES HIS PAMILY. Ne lett his family in good circumstances, His fortune was moderate, but was the honest sav- ings of a lifetime, and ample for their wants, THE FUNERAL arnay areenville aid gurropnding veiniy will IMANTS, hold a NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, AUGUS meeting on Mouday morning and pass reso- lutions of regret at their and the coun- try's almost irreparable loss, and make ar- rangements to entertaif# the: visiters who may srrive to attend tne funeral obsequies. The funeral will take place at Greenville on Tuesday, August 3, from tue late residence of Mr. Johnson. The Dickinson Guards and O'Connor Zouaves ef Knoxville will attend and act as a guard of honor. The Masons of this place will escort the body from the depot wheu {t arrives to-morrow morning on the seven o’clock train to Mr. Johnson's late resi+ dence, It is expected the Masons of this city and surrounding country will take charge of the re- mains, as Mr. Jounson was a Mason of the snirty- second degree. He had selected a place on a very prominent hill om his premises at whichto be buried, but it is not positively xnown where he will be placed, SKETCH OF HIS CAREER, In the early years of tne nineteenth century there lived at Raleigh, N, C., a man named Jacob Jonnson, who was porter in the State Bank, a town constable and on Sundays asexton, Among his townspeople he was known as & man of great industry and of heroic impulses. He is recorded as having trequently risked his life im order to save the lives of other people, and, indeed, he died in 1817 from the effects of injuries which he received while saving QGolonel Henderson, edtior of the Raleign Gazette trom drowning, And ew Jounson was born at Raleigh on the 29th of De- cember, 1808, The death of his father left him and his mother in extreme poverty. The house in which they lived was a small, shaky structure containing only two rooms, “Andy” grew up, & wild, vagrant, harum-scaram boy, well known to the poorer people as a ragged urchin who played many tricks, but never @ dis- honorable one, He never attended school, be- cause he was not inclined toward education, and because his mother did not possess the few shil- lings necessary for his maintenance at the acad- emy attended by children ot well-to-do people. When he was ten years old Anay was appreaticed by his mother to @ tailor. At that time he searcely knew the alphabet, He was a restless youth, given to frolicking, and auring the years of his apprenticeship he committed a misdemeanor by throwing stones ata lady’s house, for which he was obliged to fly from the State, He earned his Uving with bis needle, It was about this time that he became inspired to obtain some learning. We earnestly wished that he might learn to read. In 1826 he returned to Raleigh, went into the country where his former master lived, apologizéa to him for running away, and promised to pay him for any losses he bad sustained. The master required security, ana young Johnson being unable to pay it again left the State. He journeyed toward Tennessee, tak- ing with him his mether, whom he purposed to support. He stopped at Greenville, in the eastern part of Tennessee, sixty-six miles northwest of Knoxville. Here he obtained emplorment as a tailor. It was said of him in that town tnat he always did a complete job, The garments he made were never returned to be refitved, HIS MARRIAGE. During the frst year of his restdence at Green- ville he married a plain girl, and tt happened tnat she had been toschool. She read to him while he worked on tne bench, and after the work of the day was done she taught him the elements of reading and of arithmetic. He also managed to gain from her some Instruction in writing. His old restless habits now loft him; and having heard a gentleman lonager of his neighborhood reading in the shop from a@ collection of speecnes by Fox, Burke and Erskine, his mind was turned toward politics, He at once became powerfal smong the workingmen of his towa, and when, in 1828, a workingman’s party was formed he joined it, and opposed the aristocratic people who had thereto‘ore managed political affairs, He suc- ceeded in create considerable excitement on both sides, and his prominence made him a candi- date for the position of Alderman. He was elected by a large majority. In the interests of his fol- lowers he became an honest demagogue. It was @ sincerely attatned habit of his to say that he labored for the mterests of the toiling masses. In 1850, being then but twenty-two years old, he was elected Alderman. He was so popular and his education was so apparent that he was appointed a trustee of tho town academy. About this time a new conatitution was proposed tor Tennessee, and Mr. Johnsom made himself active in aiding to secure {ts adoption. This constitution gave in- creased rights to the lower ciass of whites to which Mr. Jobngon belonged. The slavenholding aristocracy who had long exercised control of politics in the State opposed the adoption of the new instrumenot, Tothemhisambition was @ source of constant annoyance. 1t was not long betore he offered himself as a candidate for election to the lower house of the State Legislature. ELECTED 0 THE STATE LEGISLATCRE. In 1836 he agitated forward bis claims as tne [riend and champior of the workingmen, and announced himseif as a regular democrat. The leaders of the democratic party, however, slighted his preten- sions, and his ambition compeiled him to enter the campaign personally. He waselected. This was at a time when the people of the State were much agitated over the question of public improvements. Many politicians were in favor of codwebping the State of Tennessee ‘with macadamized roads, and for this purpose a resolution was introduced in the Legislature to- volving the State in a debt of $4,000,000, Mr. Jonnson became its bitter opponent on the ground that It ougnt first to be sanctioned by the people, The measure, however, became a Ii and was very popular,"so that when Mr. Johnson’s term expired he was so greatly disliked that he was not re-elected. The prophecies he nad made were fultilied during the next two years, The scheme of ihternal improvements proved to be a fraud. In 1839, In the reaction, he was again elected to the Legisature. He was now a power in the State of Tennessee, When Martin Van Buren was @ candidate for President Mr. Johnson was placed uyon tke democratic | ticket as an elector-at-large, and during the sum- mer of 1840 he actively canvassea the whole east- ern portion of the State. Atthis time ne aban- boned the tallor’s bench, and, with the aid of friends, entered into speculations by which he made @ good living. He purchased two slaves for domestic purposes, His name was known through- out bis State as that of an influential stump orator, Tne aristocratic leaders of his party were Stl opposed io him; but as Tennessce was whig 1m politics anG Ne Was & democrat bis combative Gisposiuen Made him both necessary and tolera- Die to bis party. In 184. he was elected to the | State Senate, and therein he was the champion of & measure for prudent improvements In his own portion of the State. His abilities were highly ap- precited, MLECTED TO CONGRESS, fa 1843 he was the democratic candidate and he was elected, successive for Congress, Ae re- 5 S = e 6 5 s. est opinion oy uid rest directly upon the wisnes of the masses, By the masses and by democracy he meant the laboring peopie only. He bated the aristocrac, id racy hated him. During 4 iy democratic party he was little noticed in Was! He was always trying to cut dow: ernment expenses, and t) dear to his party, caucus, je Was an extremely — hom obstinate man, and in our would have been called Pig-headed man, It must be confessed ti in narrowness gud activity very much of dem uc. Yet he did work. always Opposing clerical expenses a, bills. No one ever aoubdter hol wished that the people should vote a: Presidens instead of turoush @ tors, He urged that the tard mated that tmypositions should instead Of Upon labor, A CONSISTANT DEMOCRAT. Meanwhile Agdrew Johnson was acon democrat. He in iavor of the annexation ‘Texas, and de supported the administration of Presiaeut Polk i018 measures antecedent to tne funeral He tens of Mexican war. He sustained ery as it ex- isted, but he was ‘not zealously in favor of extending its domains tato ‘aine time he believed that territories, Av the slavery was wi that there ress on the part of agitators who were oy) lo lt When occasion jorced itself he was jon to slavery. Bub @ local affair, confin the States which might choose to hay was not in favor ol thab Souchern view of States! Interpresation to @ leave tne Union. He devoved his y might Congressional time mainly tu homestead questions for the peo- ple, and to discussing items Oo! guveroment ex. | BLECTED GOVERNOR n’s Congressional district in Tennes- | mipniated Dy a State Legisiarure so | that that pornon of it to which Greenville was situated was givea to another district 1a which | there was @ large Whig majority. ‘fnerefore, im ‘14863, he was not re-e ected. He worked for ana recen the nomination for Governor, and was elected, deleating @. H. Henry, “the eagle orator | of the Soathwest."” Mr. Jolinson and Mr. Henry together haa stumped the State, Mr. Jobnson’s election was dae to his persona! popularity and ‘the fact taat he Was always claiming to ve the Jriend of the laboring class. His administration of the government v1 the State was not brilliant, | but it Was quietly successful. When he was re- | nowminsted in 1855 tne wuig party had disap- peared, bot im its place was tné party com- posed of the opponents of foreigners for office. Ihe Know Notuings were very vitter in their campaign ayainst Governor Johnson, and tnreaty of vivienve against nim were fre- queatiy made, On one vccasion while be was | stumping the State he appeured at & meeting With | 2 puretrae in ois pand. Laying it upon tne tavie | “Fellow cittzens—I have been informed that | parc Of the Lusiness to ve transacted on tue pres- | ent occasion 1s the assassination of tne individual Who now has tue honor of acdre: Spectfally propose that this be the order, ‘Therefore, 1! any man has com nignt for 1 purpose indicated 1 do not say to Dim, let him speak, but let nim shoot.” @ paused a Moment witm his hund on bis pis tol and then said:— “Gentlemen—lt appears that I e been misin- | Jormed. I will now proceed to ws You on tne | subject which has brought us togetcer.”” His second term of office as Governor wasas | quiet as the first. He served ontil 1859, when be | Was elected to the United States Senate, At once he became a champion of the homestead measure, arguing for iton p .pular democratic principles. He and Senator Benjamin F. Wade, of Onio, be- | came the most persistent advocates of tne bill, Waich was aiterward vetoed by President Bu- cbanan. Senator Johnson was, at this time, a man With Northern ingtinsts aud southern habits, His | party did not care greatiy tor him, It must be | remarked that be was an earnest opponent ot the | Pacific Ratiroad plan. 1t was somewhat singular that @ statesman, who alone amoug Souvnern Senators was an udvocate o1 the Homestead vill, and thereby the champion of an effectively North- ern Measure, should bave refnsed to ald in open | ing up the Western country with meansof trans- portation. THE ANTI-SLAVERY AGITATION, } The @Nti-slavery agitation wus nuw at its heignt, ‘Ihe final struggle was coming. Mr. | Jonnson was a loyal democrat, but tie aristo- cratic members of nis party Knew that be valued slavery u8 an existing mstitution which Was not to be abruptly desiroyed, but that be esteemed it | 5 an institution subordinate to the Uuion. la | tue Democratic Convention of 186) he was tue | Presidential candidate of the Tennessee delega- ton, After the break between the Charleston and Baltimore wings of the party he supported Breckiwridge against Douglas, a8 o mutter. of | policy, though his aabits of mind would have turned him tu favor of Dougias. Me patiently | acquiesced in the election of Lincoln, and with @ firm beliefin the constitution he did not be.leve that tue South woult be yreatly endangered by the administration of a republican President. But in order vo allay Soutuera excitement ne pro- posed in the Senate, December 13, 1860, a resoiu- tion which would produce constitutional guaran- tees for the Protection of slavery. He wished that the resident should elected airectly by the poole, so that the elec- toral colleges 01 the States shonid not interfere to prevent the ciection of a popular can- diaute. In aspeech advocating his measure he declared that ne was opposed to secession. He held that the constitution makes provision jor union and preservation, but not for destruction, Waile he held the Nortn to its campact, he held the South also. Tuis speech created a great sen- sation, Southern Senators vegan to retire. An- arew Jonnson stood alone. Stull his voice was Taised against secession, The retiring Senators | spoke of bim In words of bitter reproaco, Iu Feb. | Tuary he made a two-days’ speecii—the best or bis lvfe—in reply to them. It broke the cowardly tranquillity of the country. It denounced the Southern secessivnists as traitors. He went so far in bis denunciations as to preier Senator Wade, 01 Om, to vefferson Davis. At wnce he dv- came jamous, From @ political position of com- parative opscurity he rose ty the power of a giant. His speech and tne succeeding one in reply to Senator Lane, of Oregon, were fuil of eloquence. Tuey were earned, patriotic and witty; aud they | pUs to shame some of the compromising repubii- cans of the North, ‘Johuson, of ‘Tennes- | see,” rose to mighty proportions in the | puolic mind, and many otuer men of hitherto great reputation snrunk within his shadow. The | people of Tennessee, and bi Soper 4 of the soutu- ern part of the state, were Untonists, bat the Leg- | isiature voted to secede, Waen Senator Jounson | returned home in May, 1861, he was daily in peril of his life, A price Was put upon bis head. He was burned in effigy; aud he leit bis State, not, he said, a8 4 fugitive jrom justice, but irom tyrauny, Evergwuere in the North he met witu Ovations. in the summer session of the Senace he Was stroug iu bis support of President Lincoin, always taking the ground toat he humself was & democrat. During the winter of i86l-2 ne was ac- | tive in lleving the sufferings ot ingitive Union- 1819 Irom Tennessee. His own family bad been driven irom its home, aud bis nine slaves haa been contiscaved. Iu tne bg cgi oi 1862, When @ letter from Senator Jesse D. Bright, of indiana, to Jefferson Davis recommending an agent for tne sale Of arins nad been discuvered and reported to the Senate, Senator Jonson spoke in favor of ex- | Pelling (nat gentleman, MILITARY GOVERNOR OF TENNESSER. General Grant had reacned Teunessee, On the 4tu of March, aoe Pre: (dent Lincola nominated Andrew Jonnson for Military Governor of that State and the Seuate confirmed toe covice. Upon hig arrivalin Nashville he immediately made an appeal to the peuple of Tennessee in & published address. io this address he foresbadowed his national policy by offering amnesty to such of the clizens Of Teunessee a3, having been in revetion, would return to their allegiance. The burden of his remarks Was taat since the genoral govern- ment had, under the coustitution, promised a re- pudiican form of government to all the States, the rigots of Tennessee would be duly respected. He particuiarly repudiated any idea of vindictive or Tetalisung measures. Because Mr. Lincoin was known partially 10 have indorsed Mr, Jonnson’s course in the Senate it was generally under- stood that Mr, Jonmson’s appeal reflected the views of the administration, and ior this reason it attracted wide attention. it Was goon discovered that Governor Johnson was not a mere deciaimer. He began to act. When, upon his requirement, the Mayor and Common Vouncli of Nasuville refused to take tae Oatn of allegiance to tne federal government be declared tueir ofices to be vacant, and appointed other citizens to fll their places, At the same time he had the recreant oficials imprisoned in the Penitentiary. ile would have no bitter de- nunciation of the Uniou by the press, and~ he exercised @ French-like censorship over tie newspapers of Tennessee. He suppressed the Nasnvile Banner tor its disunion sentiments. piace it might be considered that tuis action was imsufficient lo assert the military, in the apsence of civil, power in Tennessee, he arrested and imprisoned Juage Guild, of the Cnancery Court, on Co a treason. He was vigorous tu nis interpretat ot Uuionism. Meanwhile the Uuiou- iste of Temuessee were sulfering irom tne perse- enti Confederates, so that Goveruor Johnson issued a prociamation, in which he asserted that for every Union man who was pluo- dered and maltreated five Confederates of the neiga»ornovd in whica the offence occurred should ve arrested jor Lhe purposes ul punisnment and of remuneration, Kvery man who was found to have uttered disunion sentiments Was required to give @ bend in the sum of $1,000 lor good vena- vior or be sent South. Among wis Vigorous acts Was that of sending to jail ive miuisters wno nad preached treasunaole sentiments trom their pul- pits, It soon became known thr. ugnout the Siace ot Lennessee that Andrew Johnson Was bot a man to fool with, We must rememoer Yaat at this time it Was no easy thing to be # Unionist in Ten- nessee. Lu the mountatas of that State the Union League cluvs were iormed ior the protection of famuuies, and the Watcn words, “Hear, hear—near, hear,” were necessary jor tue arousing of peopic who were hounded to the caves. Many times, t00, Andrew Jouason’s State capital way cut oft from Union counectious by the Coniederate guer- iilas, 1t Was one of the times that uy men’s sous. The calmest mao in nesseo at tat | time was Andrew Johoson. Widows aad cmidrea , were starving in Nashville, So be issued a circular requiring avowed secessionists to contribute ior their support. When Nashvilie was besieged, aud | it Was thought nevessary even br some lew sol- diers to avandon the place, Guvermur Johnson said:—"lam no military man, bus aby one who talks of surrendering | Wiisnool™ All this ime he was separated trom his family, Hverywhere he was busy encouraying Uniwn organizations, never hesitating to expose his life. When it was Proposed to have an election sor members of Con- gress in Tennessee he Made # provision tat every man who voted should give some sort of testi- mony a8 to his loyalty to the Union. it was a@ | good thing for Tennessee ip those days that A: drew Johoson was @ great, narrow-licaded man, then, most Ay tienge are narrow-acaded, In | | cers objected to the President's action. THE IDEA OF IMPRACHMENT, A collision of the Legislative ana the Ex: Departwents of the government was now two. Governor Jemason assessing Confederates for support of Widows d orphans. OR@me occasion ae took irom the! me $60,000, sum he devotea to the Jami of those Who Rad been /orced into tne revel armies, Saia he, “lt they will bave armies they must pay for them.’ Tnen he began tu confiscate rents due to revel property holders, In Marcu, 1864, Lemne: vbrough his exervions more than to those of tne military Commanders Was restored pian, the military goverament 1 the re Way to reguiarly elected civil govern- Ment aad Addrew Johnson considered that his Tennessee re-entered the Union which was All this time Andrew Johneon could nos conceal is O10 be that in breaking down slavery he was NOt oniy aiding in securing & postive right, bus aiso in trampling upon tne aristocracy, His hatred of aristocracy was hot personal pecause of his Own humbie origin, thonga it Was like that of Feix Holt, in George Kiovs novel—s hatred whieh he would never have had i ve bad himseit been an aristocrat, A CANULDATE FOR VIC PRESIDENT. 18d, the repaviican Conven- | ton 4t Baltimore, baviog Dominated President | | didate for Vice Presivent, {| was in exceedingiy bad taste. ) assassinate rresident Lincoln, and he in | would exclude slavery. S pase 2 Lincoln, dropped Hannibal Hamtin from the ticket in order that Audrew Joanson might be tne can- accepting he di cmred bis invention to pu of patriotism azeinst tre the only issne tn the evuntry. Slavery as a rebel- ious element ne thought Was no longer to ve re- svected as it was when it was @ pacific and undis- puted element of social life. It was against the government, and the government under thy con- stitution and the Uniow must win, His ideas were ot original, but they were striking and re- markable at atime when ew men had the cour- axe to utter thew. Jb was known, how- ever, that bis nomination was a strong concession to the Omon element In tue border States—tuat 13, the Scates when Were not Whoily secession in sentiment. - He bad gone 80 far 4s to give nis opinion In favor of cous centration Of power in (ne hanus of The govern. ment. Meunwhile bis life in Tennessee was every day in danyer, but he would permit. no man to protect him and “ove in the way of the burlet.? Kew people kuew that ne had irene res laid in Nashville connecting with @ magazine wuicn, m cuse of Surrender to the rebel forces, be Intended to fre with 8 own band. In Ls6t ne Bad said in the penate, “I never do anything by halves.” He | was still @ demagogue and a wittul mun, who could not believe himself to be in tne Wrong, He knew ho man’s opimea but nis own, He even promised the co.ored people tat he would be their Moses and lead them tarougu the Red sea. it Was wald tuat on the ata of Maron, 1865, when Lincoi’s second inaugu.ation took’ piace and Andrew Jounson gave the oath of office as Vice President of the United States the Vice Presigent was grossly deunk, Nothing wt the time except exhilarated spirits and nis immo justified such arumor, His address was devoted Wholly to adescripuon of his own virtues, ane But he asserted his belief that tue naiver should be for the traitor, toat rebellion snowld be puntisned, It was Dot without reason that mon thought that tne only eXc..se that Audrew Johnson could have for mak- 1Dg $0 egotistical and incouerent an address was the excuse ot invoxtcation, President Lincoln said significantly soon alter this occasion that Andrew Jobnson was too mucho! a man to ve repudiated for a singie 1anit, THE ASSASSINATION OF LINCOLN. The assassination of Lincoln soon followed, April 14, 1865, Presivent Lincoln was struck down and Andrew Jonson became President-of the United States. No attempt was made upon his life. He at Once said that be intended to do nis uUmost toward punishing secessionists, ana that he would make [reason odious, In May, 1885, he appointed # commission for the trial | ot the persons who were charged with | being engaged in the — conspirac, his appointment an offer of # reward of $100,000 for the arrest of Jefferson Davis a3 an aider in the conspiracy. President Johnson's time was grewtly occupied with plans Jor the restoration of the Soutpern States to the Union, The repuoitean | party vad abandoned him, and he was following his own policy. An open rupture between hint and the republican leaders in Congress soon fullowed, He insisted tnat tne rights of the se- ceded States had not been destroyed; he offered liberal terms of pardon to eXx-Ceolederates, ao toat he was called a pardon broker; and ne made it 8 condition of amnesty and pardon that tne re- cetver should take an oath to support the Con- siisution, the Union and the !reedom o1 the slaves, excepting a class waich had heid office unaer the Confederate government and had aided tne re- bellion, He appointed provisional governurs of the States receutly in rebellion and mstructed them tu secure the election of omeers necessary Jor ®& Testoraiton to the Union. President Jonnson’s pian was simply to restore the States to the Union with all their rights unimpaired, ex- cepting Im respect tosiavery, They could come in, agreemg to exclude slavery, or they couid stay out and be governed by federal eficers, wao Iv was evident thatthe President’s policy was not only opposed to that of & Majority In Congress, but that it was also In de- nee Of some of ine express provisions ot law. © Prosideut isid his plans veiore Congress, buc Congress persisted in having some autaortty in Matters of reconstruction. Tne President veroed the Civil Rights pill and the bill excending tne province of the Freeaman’s Bureau. The majority 1m Congress passed the bills over the veto, and an intense excitement ensued, Congress insisted upon its power to provide terms under which rep- Terentation tn the couucis of the general govern- | Ment might be achieved by the seceded States, Tne President dogmatically said that Vongress haa inaugurated a new rebellion, No doubt ex- isted amoung a large numover of the people of the country that the President was consistent in his utterances, and that he held the same pusition that he nad held tn 18460, But the sentiment of the North and of the dominant party was opposed to ulira lenient measures, President yohnson persistea that men who opposed tue principles which be had enunciated were opposed to the Union, and he spoke of Taaddeus Stevens, Cnarles Sumner and Wendell Philitps, A new party was gradually growieg up under his teacnings, but it never amounted to anything. Tne President was realiy popular with Bo party. The democratic party, Duwever, supported mim. The Peace Con- Vention at Patladelpniu in 1866 was the outgrowth of the support given to his reconstruction policy. | Yostmester General Dennison resigned and was sueceeded by A. W. Ranaall, a “peace” advocate, and attorney General Speed gave way to Mr. ptanbery. Mr. Hurlan, the Secretary of the in- terior, Was succeeded by 0. H, Browning, of Il- noisy, The democrats in tue Suuth approved of the changes, ‘Inere were not @ lew republicans, like Wilttam H. Seward aud Henry J. Raymond, wno joined In the approval it now became ap- Parent that the contest was # party one. President Jonnson was always talking about himseli and referring to his career. Tu noching 1n his public utterances so promin a his comparison of bis own acts with those of Andrew Jackson. The repuDlicun party, mean- wuile, insisted that he Was usurping power that belonged to Congress. SWINGING ROUND THR CIRCLR. It was in the summer ot 1846 that President Joanson, accompanied by General Grant, Admiral Farragut, Secretaries Seward and Welles and several other persons, made @ famous trip, ey way Oo! Philadelphia and New York, to Umicago, where the corner stone of a monumert tu Stephen A, Douglas was to be laid. The President every- where adares: the assembied crowds, explain- ing his policy and denouncing Congress. It was while making bis numerous speeches that he used the noted expression “s 4 1oging round the cirele.”” Yhe tour Was made the suvjecs of mucu ridicule and the President suffered politically from 1. His utterances were regarded as those of a man overcharged With vanity and dogmatism: and ne did @nd said much that was in the eyes) & the Nortnern peuple doth silly and offensive, Congress took strength trom the unpopular pusition of the President, and more than ever opposed his views. Tne radical leaders determined that ff the South returned tothe Vaton with powers of citizenship tt should do so With its political strength curtailed. ‘ney were strongly 1m !avor of giving to the negro @ measure of political strength which would counterbalance that of the returning Confederates. They con- ceived that if two races came into the Union with. out prior rights (taose of the Confederates navi been forietted) they should come ip with equal Tights of citizensmip, ‘Tae adoption of the Four- yeenth amendment to the constitution, an amend- meut which made ail persons, witnout distinction ofcolor, born or naturalized witnin the Unitea States, citizens of the United States and of the States in wmich they resided, was required asa condition lent to @ return Ol tne seceded States to civil functions. Congress was given power to enforce the provisions of tne amendment, ‘The States were required accept or reject the amendment, vasing their own declaration o1 rights of citizenship u,on a vasis of representation proportionai to the nom- ber o: voters. The Oypunents of the radicals were not willing toreduce their representation as it ‘was held during slavery times, when a white man could vote upon the numbers of negroes. Tne radicala said, “I'he men wao yote shall have rep- resentation, and toe men who do not volo cannot have repre entation,” Tae amendment was ratified, The President was not consulted in the sending of the amendment to the States tor rati- fication or reject He insisted upon his execu- tive right (o admis States to a restoration of political privileges. When Congress passeq a Dill Jor the aumission of Territories mto the Union, ith conditions requiring that the terms or ad- Mission sviould be vased upon the extension of electoral privileges to persons of color, President Johnson returned the oll with objections. [t w: passea over his veto by the two-thirds majority. U6 bad insisted that tne Statew and ‘erritories migut, according to the general policy of the government, provide for the electoral conditions of tueir own admission, President Johnson recogmized the States only as tmey were created under the constitution, Cengtess recognized them as con- quered territories to pe readmitted with the tm- position of Negro suffrage; Congress thought it Bad the constitutivnal pr.vilege to define its terms, The President thought ne had the priv- liege of Interpreting the justice of terms which be thought to be already in existence. Congre: though crippled by nis vetoes, proceeded in its owncourse, Underthe laws of Congress he did Dot hesitate, however, to appomn’ commanders in the military distri of the South; but he made legal opposition, and the opinion of the Attorney General was issued a8 a milltary order to the com- manders, Mr, Stauton alone of the cabinet om. tive 4 Vitae bic, and it was Chiei Justice Wnase who, in an opinion in the Supreme Court, first suggested the idea of impeacoment, the reliance of Con- gress upon tho government of the dis- Tupted States by mitttary commanders jea tac ae, in Congress to rely gr rupied States, nt Jounsoh opposed any action tending to reduce the civil autnority of those States to sudjection to the military au- thority of the clvil government. by action of Gon- gress the President was deprived of all military authority, which, by the way, Was given to Generul Grant, It was avout this time that General Grant began to assert bimselt as against the political acts 01 the President—an assertion of snobvery Which Was supported only by hus popu- lurity a8 @ military Commander. General Grant at tuat tine began to show himself as an impera- tive dictator. His opmions were considered by himself a8 Superior to those of alt other men ti the nation, President Jolhnsun, nevertheless, did Much to molly General Grant, Tne military com- manders objected to President Jonnson’s orders, and they Were changed, Cougress msisted that ‘he imbitary commanders gsovuld be sub ject eniy v@ General Grant The rresicent 1875.—TRIPLE SHEET, Secretary Stanton, and iace as devretar, bei jed Grantreto bis Ser session, @ President Johnson ation of amnesty, declaring tuat peace, order and civil authority existed in the disrupted btates, When the Senate conv in the winter ot 1867, , , tk relusea 40 sanction tne re- y Stanton, General Grant re- | signed bis Office, und President Johnéon imme- | dlate\y appolu ted Genera! Lorenzo Thi Seere- | C1 country wai upon the movement of the Pri House of Representatives p. lutwn that tne President be impeached jor bigh errmes and m jeanors. It was passed by & large majority. ‘I'n.8 was on the 8d of Marca, 1868, and It Was presented to the Senate on the St of that month. The real 1 ol, the struggle Wis upon the removal of Secre: Stanton, upon the public exoressions of the Pri contempt of Congress, upon the President’s declaration tnat | tne Thirty-mintn Congress was not 9 coustitu tional bene 83, and G: On tne idea that the Presi- dent would not property execute the laws passed by Congress. President Jounson, in bis to ness, Was bindly doling évery(hing to ma’ era! Grant a predominant person in tie nation. | He was giving civil imst.uctions to military sub- ordinat and makiog the military pranch vice imferior to tbat of the civil sted with this, President Johnson % proclamation relieving nearly al os of the Souch trom “hability to confiscation resioriag them to rights of suffrage, ‘ar us there could be s restoration. | 80 Upon the assemoling o! Congress in 1868, tnat body began @ determinea wariare upon the President, His trial by impeachmen: begau Murch 23. Mr. vingham, Cougressman from Onlo, read th | cles, a in the Sen Le ‘Ine counsel of the President were & R. Curtis, of suchusetis, ana Hon, Tovrmas R. Nelson, of in cenjanction with Mr. Stanbery, the | emeral, i'o these were added Jeremiah S. Black, Willam M. Evarcs and W. 5. Groespeck. fo the articles oi impeachment President Jonason | Teplied Unat his Teconstraiction policy was in pure | Suance vt @ course of aciiom which had been out by President Lincoln, aud taat bis ac- Onef Justice | proposed te put question of guilty or nov guilty to the Senate, Om the 16tn | ; of that month the vote was really taken, | The vote was . merely partisan one, | The question rested upon a contempt of Congres: aud upon @ Mindrance oO Congressional acts, 1 vote steod—Guilty, 35; not gunty, ‘Dt were three votes iegs than the two-thirds ni Sary to convict. The tnree Senators wno voted for acquittal and were repubiicans—namely, essrs, Fessenden, Trumbuil and Van Winkle— were regarded as traitora to the repubiican p: ‘Lhe Presidents was acquitted, but tae peop: agains: him. THB DEMOCRATIO CONVENTION OF 1868, In the democratic Presidential Convention of 1868 Mr, Jonnson’s @ at first led those vu! all other candidates. Sut Mi his popularity w: deieated. He was not, however, without political sesources. in the yeur 1868 ne issued a tuil pardon tu persons who baa participated in the Rebellion. To tn y Jast he maintawed his policy with persistency. He heid a8 members of bis Cabinet B. Seward, Secretary of State; Gideon Welles, Secretary of une Navy; Jono M. Schofield, tary of War; Augh McCuuloch, secretary of the Treasury; 0. M. Browning, secretary the Interior; William M. ‘varts, Attorney eral, and A, W. Randall, Postmaster General, RETIREMENT OF THE EX-PRESIDENT. President Johnson was duly succeeaed by Pres- ident Grant. The ex-President retirea to his old nome at Greenville, Tennessee. He remained in quietude there until 1870, when he was a candi- date belore the Legislature oi the State ior a seat in the United States Senate. He was deleated by only two voses, In 1872 he ran as am iudependens candidate for Congressman at Large Jor the State of Tennessee, and dividing the vote of an Contederate general, who was the candidat of the democratic party, he so spils Mis party as to secure the election of Horace Maynar publican candidate. KLECTED TO THE UNITED STATES SENATE. In 1875 he was again @ candidate before the | Legisiature of Tennessee for tue office of United States senator, amd after a close canvass he was chosen by One yore. His advent was nailed with considerable popular satisiaction. lieved that ve would stand as a compromiser be- | ue republican pirty aud the democratic Pp 5 eI took kis seat for the special sea- wion of 1875 ich Was eXpected of him, It was belicved that he would demolish the partisanship | of Senators Cenkling, Sargent and Morton; but it was thought waen his speech was enaed that be had utters tailed. Tne expectations which a few hours previous were buoyant iu the popular mind were ruined by his execution o1 the task. He was a great patriot in treasonmadle times, but a great failure When statesmauship was de- manded, » the re- | THE FEELING IN NASHVILLE. NASHVILLE, Tenn., July 31, 1875, Mr, Johnson's death fell over the city like @ pall, Plunging it into deep gloom. Bells tolled for one hour; people read the newspaper bulletins win feelings of awe. SENATOBIAL ASPIRANTS, The death had hardly been announced before the friends of Senatorial aspirants visited the Capitol, broaching the question of the successorship to Governor Porter, who empnatically refused to entertain any suggestion in that regard, saying that such manifestations were unseemly and hor- rible for him to contemplate. They eugnt to be content to wait at least until Mr. Jonnson’s iu- nerai was over. AN INTERVIEW WITH THE GOVERNOR. Governor Porter said to me this afternoon he deeply regretted Senator Johnson’s death, and had hoped that he would be permitted to serve through his term. He had made up his mind not to think of @ successor until after Mr. Johnson’s burial, Speculations regarding the successorsnip are rife, The names of ex-Governor John U. Brown, General W. B. Bate and ex-Governor Isham G. Harris are mentioned in connection with it, I tuonght Gavernor Porter somewhat inclined toward Brown on account of the latter having | spoken in Porter’s favor in gubernatorial canvass. Alter all it isa mere matter of speculation as to | Woo will be the successor. Governor Porter strongly inti that those who sought the ap- pointment while Johngon’s body yet remained unsepulchred would be ignored by him. Gov- ernor Porter and the State officers will attend the | funeral. Large delegations will, probably, go | stom nearly every town in the State. THE MEETING LAST NIGHT. A public meeting of the citizens of this city, held this evening for the purpose of expressing, the death of eX-President Johnsun, passed the following resolutions :— First—That we heard with sorrow of the sad ople ot Tennessee in the loss of « years pointed out the right whose services at this ime portant to the Republic. ‘Second—That we deeply sympathize with his aged and aificted wile in her bereavement, and with his daughter and son and their families im the loss they are galled on to mourn, Third—That in view of the exalted character, great labors and Sublime lessons taught by him ‘to this generation of his countrymen, @ committee from the. various couuties of Middle Tennessee be ap- pointed to select some suitable piace and day tor Appropriatel celebrating the sequies of our departed countryman, aud that the committee be \horized to select some person who shall prepare an dress embodying the lessons which Andrew Johnson has given to his countrymen, ‘The committee is composed of over 100 of tho most prominent citizens of Middie Tennessee, Eyery arrangement is made for the iuneral to take place at Greenville, Tenn., on Tuesday, but this may be changed and the remains brought to this city for interment, ‘THE FEELING IN THE crry. ‘The news of the death of Senator Andrew John- son spread rapidly throu he city and created & general feeling of regret. Political differences were forgotten in the remembrance of the many kind and noble actions that were credited to the deceased, Nearly every one who had ever been associated with the ex-President nad something kind to say about him or some little anecdote to relate, filustrative of good traits in his character. One gentieman told quite an interesting little marrative of an cident = which took place whem the ex-President was Military Governor of Tennessee. A young boy had been captufed by the federal troops on sus whacking, and was incarcerated in piclon of outey at Nashvilles it appears what ‘oundiess, as the boy Was # mom- ber ot gust command, commissioned by toe head of the Comiederate government, ‘The boy found his prison ite vi wksome, and havieg bore ho! torpagn the wall of his ceil he jumped to the ground. The arop was too nd he shatiered his leg Very D: captured and returned to prison, where, Consultation, the surgeons decided it was necessary tu ampatato the limb, Tho boy ob- jected, and finally becamé very srk, a8 mortifica- tion set in, Im the meanwhile THE BOY’s MOTHER, hearing of the whereavouts o: her son, travelled filty miles to reaca hit, but was refuse mission to bis cell. Aller some Useless application to the omemis she Snalliy made her A the wuasde ot toe Vani tol and entered presence of | Bouncing the event and directing that the de | within | condolence and sympathy for tne nation’s loss in} 3 was attengmg to & mediately be saw t! offered nally recovered. id enjoyinx perlect health. The gestieman who told th story was a brother of the boy, abd was eviden y much moved py the news of eath of HIS MOTHER'S AND BROTHER'S BENEFACTOR. Nuuerous other little anecdotes were pass 4 from mouth io mouth, exemplifying boole traits Inthe character of the de . ‘The flags on the City Ha: and all the publ builuings were at ualf ast yesterday afte: aod many of those on private houses we: partly lowered iu memory of the deceased. OFYICIAL ACTION IN WASHINGTON, WASHINGTON, July 31, 1875, The intelligence of the death of Senator Ai drew Johnson produces much sorrow in this city, even among those who were politically oppo. «A tonim, His long public service in Wastington mad secured him many warm personal (riends, 4 MARK OF RESPECT. As a mack of respect to the memory of ex President Johnson the fag was displayea at hai mast {rom tbe flagstaff over the music stand ow the south front of the Kxecutive Mansion a 1 irom the various public butidings in the city to day. SECRETARY FISH NOTIFIED. A telegram was sent at noon to-day frew 3 city to Secretary Fish, who is now in New Yor’ informing bim of tne death of Andrew Johnsoo ) Ibis cuscomary in the case of the decease of «+ ex-President, to issue an executive order an ments be draped in mourning, and that d the funeral all pablic business be suspended. THE EFFICT IN MEMPHIS, Tenn. The death of ex-President Jonnson caused « pro‘ound sensation here, though it was not alto gether unexpected aiter the despatches receiy + last night. His political iriends were dee affected and nis enemies silenced by bis sudd death, SORROW AT LITTLE ROCK. Littiy Rook, Ark., July 21, The announcement of the death cf andy Jobnson creates proiound sorrow here, 167 THE CHILDREN’S PICNIC. FIFTEEN WUNDRED HAPPY FXCURSIONISTS «+ ORIENTAL GROVE. One of the most enjoyable affairs of this seas » Was the free excursion for the poor children ©) the Fourth ward, given yesterday under the maz agement of Mr. George F, Williams, Fourte:. bundred and eighty-six of the little wanderers ct the Fourth ward clustered about Captain Lower)'s police station in Oak street before seven o'clock. Soon after the Union Home and Schoo! Ban t filed into the dense mass of children, amd at a sila from Mr. George F, Williams, the manager of to Picnic, started a national air, Instantly order reigned. A column was formed of those wh held tickets, more cards wero issued, and eight A. M. the line moved to the foot of Dover street, where the column embarked on the barge Republic, and the bappy childron weie on their voyage. Tne band played ‘Beautii. Blue Danube,” and the little ones commenc.4 dancing. The girls were on the main deck, a4 the boys om the deck above. Passing the East River tne children crowded to the pert side of the barge and cheered at the top of their voices the Iriends they recognized on pierbeaciy. Going around the point of Corlear’s HB breakfast wi servea to all on _ bo: one hour, composed of thousan’4 rolls, huge silces of meat and mes of milk. Alter breakiast the beautitul scenery oF the Sound awoke the entnustasm of the little ones, and song after song, ia full chorus, rose iro" the merry band of eXcursionists, AY THE GROVE, ‘The landing was made early in the day, and a the boys, half maddened witn joy, rnshed up tho pier toward the sandy beach, jack sbiris gud | other parts of their costume—some being simp!/ | networks Ol rags—were discarded, and within iyo | minutes after the first bad touched tho shore, the bright green waters of the Sound were foaming with the pnrer es bodies of the ltilo urchins as they took “headers”? into the wave ‘The girls were not behind the voys in their aqu sports, and many fine swimmers were notic among them. When the flock came out of th | bath tne [ee he was treated to areal En | lish Punch and Judy show, convulsing them wi: | laugnter, Then Professor Logrenia, a famon# | magician, delighted the children with’ bis extibi | tions Cat magic art. ast tiree P. M. the whistle of Manager Wuiams sent out a long, gp 3 roll, and ip ton minutes every child of the 1,486, uninjured. |smuing and happy, went over the ga | plaok, receiving, as they passed the steward, & great goblet of lemonade and @ rojl sandwich, Au hour later they were treated to big disnes 1ee cream dnd sections of sugared sponge'cak Music, dancing, songs and botsierous play en- livened the hours until the barge ‘again ap proached New York. The expenses of the trip amounted to abi $650, all of which had been paid from tne If Excursion Fund, by contribuiious of mercpan's, bankers and generous hearted residents of New York. Otwer picnics of the same Kind wi) be even: and the treasurer of tne Mr. Edward King, of tne Union Trust Co! No. 73 Broadway, will receive any amounts to him for tnis purpose and make due ackhyw: edgments of them through the public press. NG HOSPITAL. THE FLO: ‘The third Floating Hospital excursion of the season was given yesterday. The number of chii drep, by accual count, taken on board at ea. Janding was as follows:—Twenty-third strees Fast River, 215; Market street, East River, 204, Christopher street, North River, 251, and Thirty fuurth street, North River, 91. Total, 84. day was very fine, and the littie sufferers thor oughly enjoyed the sall up the Hudson. The usu meals—breakiast and dinner—were served, ait 611 pounds of beef, 250 loaves of bread, 3 barrels of crackers, 350 quarts of milk, 1 tub of butter, i« varre!s boiled rice, half a barrel of sugar, 80 gal lous of bee! soup and one-quarter chest of Oolon tea were consumed, ‘The apartments apart and furnished for sick wards wero crowded with ca of cholera iniantnm, marasmus (principally among babies prt out te nurse), Spasms, broncnitis and water o2 the brain. As usual, they received the bess 01 medica! attendance. Mr. Wiswall, who was tha general director, was Very careiul that none we'} admitted on board except those Who possess. | tickets given them by doctors certifying as to the genuineness of their lilness. As cards of admls Siun have been forwarded to every physician (2 the city with requesis that they should be dis tributed only among deserving families there .4 | no fonger any oecasion ior sick children suffering irom the want of pure air and wholesome foot while these excursions are continued. The next Bail Will take place om Tuesday. Tue police officers on board were Hitcuman, Travers, Speight, Fisher and Hamfer, all of the Twenty- BiXtn precinct Serzeant Devoe, of the Twenty third precinct, was in charge. ‘THE WEATHER YESTERDAY. ‘The following record will show the changes t | the temperature for the past twenty-four hon», | in comparison with the corresponding date of Invs | year, as indicated by the thermometer at Aud hut’s Pharmacy, H#rarp Building :~ 1874. 1875, 1870. 12 4. M. «+s 82 76 12 P.M. ‘ Average temperature yesterday seesene 1495 Average temperature ior corresponding date last year. see ove T Average temperature for corresponding week last year % 4 5 > i THE VIGILANT POLICE. About two o'clock yesterday morning an attem ps ‘was made by a borglar to cater the premises Nua 35 and $7 East Sixty-second street, Luckily ha was heard in time for the inmates of the house ') frustrate his criminal design by driving bim »v the premises, wuic doubtless concluded wor) too hot ior nis comfort or saiety. An alarny raised, but, a8 usual, “the finest po at on lice in the world” were utteriy beyond oallinx distance, and were wholly useless in arresting the would-be thief, FATAL ACCIDENT, George Ackerman, the engineer of the loconis tive on the Improvements of Long Island City, fell between the engine snd cars about elev.’ Oocives yestervay and, being erased by bunkers, sustained sach seye.e tojuries "hat *- Gie@in the course of an huar,