The New York Herald Newspaper, June 28, 1875, Page 4

| gicee 4 RUSSIA IN ASIA. The Muscovite Poliey of Advance in the Fast Since the Time of Peter. A Fixed Plan for the Conquest of the Central Asian Tribes. How the Fall of Khiva Was Ac- complished and Why. ‘A BRITISH DIPLOMATIC COUNTERMINE, —_—_+— Personal Views of the Czar and Prince Gortschakoff. Sr, PETERSBURG, May 26, 1375, gne Kaglish people are subject to’ pertodical ‘#cares on the subject of Central Asia, with the un- reasonable fear that some hard 1s likely to come | to their Indian possessions from the rapid ad- vance of Russia, Nothing can persuade them that there iano danger. Having been once imposed upon by tue false tesiament of Peter tae Great, which was tnvented by Napoleon as a better pre- text for his expedition agamst Russia, they have got It into their heads that Russia has a deter- | mined purpose of conquest in Asia aud in the fast, and they will not be convinced of the con trary, Even were the wil! of Peter the Great gen- uine, to believe taat Russian statesmen and the Rassian people have been able to pursue for century aad analf a fixed and decided plan of aggrandizement and conquest, with ali the skill aud sacrifice necessary to reallae $s Impossible to any who knows the history of Russian policy, or the char- acter of Russian oMcinia, The fact one is \uas before Peter the Great the Russians did have | A policy in Asia, After trying for centuries to get Tia ofan Asiatic yoke they were acquainted with Asiatic character and 4 traditional policy was aged down trom father to son as to the best means of dealing with the nowad tribes on their ontiers, They had to guard against possible in- asfona, and there were at least two occasions when the reconquest of Rassia by Mongel hordes was perfectly possible and was stopped only by riuitons circumstances, {am MUSCOVITE POLICY IN THE E4ssT—aal NORED DURING MANY YEARS. 1e Deum country, and when, especially ander nis successors, @ varnish of Western civilization was everywhere spread over the land, no thought was Takeo of Asia. Foreigners who kaew nothing of the manners of the nomads were brought into the Rogsian serviee, and irom that not only bas tnere beem vo fixed policy sa Russia's dealings with Asia but the various attempts at pians, each having no connection with what preceded it, were” almost uniformly bad. The occupation of Central Asia, Which {ga matter of ihe last twenty years since the Crimean war, has been entirely due to chance circumstances, One occuiriug alter the ovber, Most of them contrary and in direct @is- | obedience to the orders of the home government. in fact, the ony movement sanctioned before- hand by the government of St. Petersburg was the one tn 1864 for uniting tae Siberian and Oreaburg irontier lines, but this movement was carried by | Generai Tedernaief much turtner than bis orders permitted him, and the capture of Tashkent was at the time highly disagreeable to the government. ‘Tae Russians, however, bave ssid what the Eng. lish Rave said in India, and what every nation says in condict with barbarous neighbors, shat the prestige of their country must always be maintained. An attack ust always be repelled, aad tf@ city or a country should once be occupied | | ic cam never be giveu up. VICTORIOUS GENERALS A DIFFICULTY TO A NATION. Besides this it is very dificuit for a goverr- ment to disavow victorious generals. Where Diood bas Deen shed and @ triumph gained it 1s dimouls to refuse to reward tue officers and sol- er 0 fought; and if they are to be rewarded 16 ts bard to ponish the geueral who commanded them, The ideas of the government of St. Peters varg have been very peace/ui and opposed to ag- gression; indeed, many who snow the country think that the Lome policy 18 too weak. sian oMcers in Asta have always been seized with what a ence bappuly callea the Sc Anne's fever, ond have resorted to various exjedienta tn order that the | home governmens might not prevent them from carrying ous their plans for winning a littie glory, Military movements Rave once or twice been began with no necessity for them except that creased by the Russians themselves. The reports, for instance, destined to suow the necessity of an immediate advance upan Kuildjax, were aot sens until the expedition aireagy on its marca, a that the ext mall broazbt the report of tue vie- tory. 3M ENGLISY DREAD POR INDIA~ THE Line OF THR ox fhe dificulties of a Russian march to [ndta are auch as to render it practically impossible, but still, toallay Engish excitement, the Russians consented to the English proposal, in 1871~'2, for establishing the Oxus as 4 line of the respective influence of the two Countries. It would seem, therefore, that anril Russia actually occupied ati the countries to the morth of the Oxus there was no farther cause of alarm, but the Kbivan ex- pedition was skiliaily used to excite alarm by | nome parties who had private ends to serve in Keeping up an agitation about the des gns of Kus- | ‘s ia the Kast, The British Cabinet made in- quiries and remonstrances, and Count Sehouvalot | then made bis promme that Kbiva would not b occupied by Russia. It has frequentiy been stated here, although I believe not in a thoroughly o7 cial way, that Count Schoavaiom in 60 promising went beyond his instructions. THR KMIVAN TeRKTToRY. Circamstapces impelicd toe occupation of a ‘ports of tue territory. tk appears tuat Goueral Kaufmann thoughts i highiy neces sary thas the delta of the Oxue shonid belong to Russie, ond made a treaty by which this portion was cede’. Having at the same time some fears lest lis ve ion should agt De approved, he forced the hand of tne home goveru- ment by having the treaty published in tne Turk- ‘stan Gazette before it bad received the sanction ot the Emperor, His pian succeeded the treaty having been Ouce Made known tue govern ment did pot feel jike tnrowing it over, General Kaufmann got reprimanded, put explained tt ana mistake of one of his subordinates. In any case ue action Was not in coutravention of the ander. standing with England, because all the territo-y occupied by Russia wes the right bank of Oxus and Within the specified mits of Kattan infivence, The sadsequent disturbances emoug ite Tarcomans save given the Bogiisa great ground to apprehend an attack on Mern, @ for on and fot somo unexplainable reason—provabiy he cause It Ouks #0 near oa the map—they cousider this Wretched Village of @ few mud bute, situated ta the middie of dezert, as we key to Hera’, nu, sberefore, the key to India, SCOUTS FLOM THE CASPIAN Every scouting patty sent from the banks of tne Cuspiao, every trading caravan—more especially Lecause Colonel Giakhofexy, the owner of most of am, Was an OMcer—every mud fort whica would a cweoty men, was (thought to be anotner step ivanee to India, The Rassians might pro. a much ae they pleased, but two or a Seem where tus test aud Gin 6 wes i vee it, As soon as Peter the Great made Russia a Euro- | tims until this | The Ras- | Grant Daf, tn @ speech in Parliament, | NEW YORK HKRALD, MONDAY, JUNE 28, 1875.-1KLPLE SHEET. words “tn case OF altertor tho’ ements” were used, and what could ulterior movements ve but o mareh en Loalat There ia, perhaps, 4 little reason for this alarm, for this well known that the Era- peror’s brother, the Grana Duke Micnael, who | the Viceroy of the Caucasus, is an ambitious mal that General Lamakia, who commands the Turco- maa country, 1 also an ambitious man, and that | General Kaufmann {s also ambitious, although bis aubition by this time might be thought satisfied, BRITISH CAUTION—A COUNTERSINE, The English, therefore, began to countermine. ‘They sent embassies to Kasngar, and by ther ad- vice Yokub Bek, the ruler of that country, de- clared himself the vassat of the Turkish Sultan and pat his name on the coinage. In order to | form the Kashgar army against Russia miitary instructors were sent up from India, and several thougand stand of arms were allowed to be | sold to Kashgar. Theaa arms gave rise } to @u amusing diplomatic incident. on } one eccasion the British Ambassador was pressing Prince Gortschakod with some que | tious about the Turcomans and urging frankaess | as the best policy, bringiog op as an example of | bisown ontspokenness, that when an inquiry had | been made abont arms being seut to Kashgar ho | had at once said tout the government had not | sent any. | ‘Thatus very trae,” replied Prince Gortscha- | kom, “but shortly afver you made thac statement | and bad gone on leave to England your Uhares | d’Afaires mformed us that, although the Ragiisp | government hau not gent any arms, yet (hey had | bassy to be Bold on private acoount.” | ‘This was a point whicn, on the previous occas sion, the Ambassador bad judged i more discreet | to be silent about, aad 1¢ caa be Imagined shat we argument of fraakuess was not pursued further at that time. BRITISH AGENTS IN PERSTA. English agents were also sent to Persia, Two offoers, tn the summer of 1873, explored the whole Versian frontier from the Caspian to flerat, and a young oicer, Captain Napier, & son of Lora Napier of Magdata, spent the whole of last sum- mer and autumn tn jonrneys along the edge ot the Tureoman country. The movements of Napier caused some alarm in St. Petersburg, and tt was even believed here that he had beca instrumental | im furnishing the Tourcomans with arms. Waen tne absurdity of tne Russian armed at- tack on India was pointed out the English then proleased to aamit that they themselves refused | to believe ia its pos-ibility, but said that what | they feared the most was not an invasion, but Rasstan insrigue in india, which would certainly cause constderable annoyance to the gov- ; ernment. This is quite true, but nothing hinders ‘the Bussians now from intriguing 1n | Afghanistan and india, and to those who know | the real weakness of Russia in Asia and the great | discontent that now eXists against the Russion rule, it Would seem thatit is@ game which two | cau play at, and there is reason to belteve that tt | has already vegua | COUNT scHOUVALove, | who in spite of Ms antecedents as head of the se- | cret police, an employment not particularly es- teemod in England, has made himself very pleas- antto Eoglish society, felt that ne had put ms foot inf it by his atatement on a previous mis¢ion | about the occupation of Kutva, and desired to | have some oficial statement from his government which would quiet English opinion ana, perhaps, | bring about @ full settlement of the whole d1m- | culty. On bis receat visit to St. Pecersburg he ex- pressed bis views to the Emperor in that sense | and explainea to nim how necessary 1} was to calm the tears of the English pubite. TRE SMPEROR, | who ts sincerely desirous of keeping on the best | of terms with England, ana who, personally, has | aiways been opposed to any advance in Asta, | caled @ council, consisting of the Minister or | War, Genercl Kaufmacn, @ representative of the | Grand Dake Micael; Count Schouvalom, ana | the Director of the Asiatic Department. The mih- | tary men stood ont for the necessity of an in | vasion of tue Turcotman country and for the os- | tablishment of « strong fort sume distance up the | Atuace. Count Schouvalof, on the other hand, proposed that the line or Russian tnfluenee should be drawa pack srom the Caspian to the present Russian limits, leaving @ still greater Mela ior English im | fluence, Mr. Strémoonkhof, the Director of tue Asiatic | Department, desired to matntain the statu quo, | and stated the opinion of Prince Goricoakotf to | be opposed to any further movement {nm any direc- toa, ALRXANDER'S ORDERS. ‘This opimion seemed entirely wo moet the views | of tue Emperor, and he gave orders that a de- epatch #hould n¢ drawa up expressive of tne peaceful intentions of Rassia and his fixed par- | pose to refrain from any lurther aggrandizement, which deapaten could be shown to the English Cabinet, Afier (Rls the Russians confidently hope that the Central Asiatic dimiculty wil, for some tine @t least, be set at rest, | WAT MAY Coma. At the same time @ littie diMculty tn the Foreign OMce may have some effect on the tnture conduct of Asiatic afair Some months ago Mr. West- Mano, the adjunct Minister of Foreign Affairs, was struck with apoplexy at a court ball. He wed acaruoof arms to accompany (be em- | | lay for some time inseasible, aad although now | better, will mever be able to resume work. Priace Gortschako as frat offered the vacant post to Baron Jomini, the son or the well Koown biograpler of Napoleon, but for some private reasons of Dis own this gentleman preferred to re- fase it, on condition that bis successor would be acerptable tu him. Mr. Sirémoonkhof was then chosen. Prince Gortschasof, however, found ex. treme difficulty in persuading the Emperor vo confirm this appointment even temporarily. The Emperor of Rosaia things himself a physiog nomist, and be had the opimea that Mr. Steémoonk. bof was an intriguer. Besides this, he of tate views with a little suspicion the nvminations of Prince Gortschakof, espectuily whon the person is 4 great favorite of his, avin thts case, and it ts re- porved that he even said to Prince Gortachakoa, “You know how you overpersunded me to send Mr. Vatacazy as Minister to Americs. and you know what come of it. 1 think it better im this Case to ase my own jadgment.”” Ma. STREMOONK HOY | tuto his rvom, aud upon going to the door and ac- was nevertheless temporarily put in tie post, but | when he presented himself to the Emperor he Was plainly given to apderstand that it was only | (emporary, for the Emperor said to tim, “1 trast you will serve the new Adjunct Minister tuat I sha appormt a8 well a you served Mr. Wes.- mano.” TSCHAKOWI'S ANXIETY IN THR FOREIGN OFFICE. When Prnee Gortschasoi accompanied the Em. | peroron his visit t0 Germany, instead of leaving Mr. Strémoonkbof in cnarge of the Foreign Once, he placed there Baron Jomini. at the same time Snother Digh offictal, Mr. Hamburger, received the appointment of Secretary of State—a dignity Which Mr. Stremoonkhos had always coveted, He tnereapon immediately resgncd, but Prince Gortschako@ Was unwilling to lose the services of & man With the whole business o: ¢ Foreign Ofice, and persoaded lim Only to take a leave of auaeace for Hix months until hts owa retarn. mr trémooknef, towever, insists that he will leave the service unless sonte Gigner piace 1s ven to him. {e PRINCK CHANCEIWOR Mix RETIRg FROM OFFICE. tis thought by many that this incident will have some efees on Prince Gorisehakod’s own career, and she usumkramors are current as to his speedy retiremeat At 18 certam that now, aiter the aair at Berlin aod Pripce Gortwscnakoms circalat, that the German infueoce, whieh is strong at Court, wil be used agaimet him, The great German favorite ts Count Sckouvalom, and Wuen ne was at the height of bis power at St. Petersburg many importan: internasiomas: affairs Were transacted by tie Germ directly with the Emperor through Schouvaio® Without conferring with Gortecaakom. ence oj Yount Schouvaloi, however, avsolately at aa end in Sy. Petersburg, and of the | petvons who have been commonly uamed as the | successor of Gortacbakod none now asem ty have 50 @900 & D@g0ce ae Baron Jomink Who i really 40 abie and so conversant | Ambassador | Tne indu- | seems to be | THE FUNERAL OF It was nearly one o'clock yesterday afternoon when a heards rambied over the stones in Twenty-ninth street and halted at tue gate of the “Little Churoh Around the Corner.” Six or it coaches were already waiting along the curb, the drivers standing listlessly about in the ahade of the trees, A group of gentlemen who had come singly, io pairs and im clasters, and who were to- side the railing, took of their Dats as the under- taker and his assistants carried a rosewood casket, Diazing With sliver ornamentation under the hot rays of the sun, into the church, the minister, in his clerical robes, preceding the pro- cessiom Previously there had gone by some flowers, and their deticious aroma lingered ghost- lke om the breeze, The corpse carried up the dim aisle and piaced before the altar was that of Mortimer Toomseun, known all over the Bug- ish reading world as ‘Doesticks,” One of the ear- lest and ost successiul exponents of American humor, When a neighvoriug bell tolled the hour of one the interior of the picturesque edifice con- tained @ [air represeatation of the press men of New York. Many of them had halted in their labors of the day and stolen the time to be pres~ ent ac the obsequies of one whom they nad ad- mired a3 an autucr and loved as a iriend, There were sirangers there--strangers to che deceased and to the lnerary element preseht, who had road apewspaper scrap about tbe funeral, and had come with kindly sympathy to see the last of one who had made them laigh, and had decked the ragged iront oi lite with such pure buds and bdivssoms of jancy, Five or six Jadies ilu. minated the soit gloom of tue Cuureh with the brilliancy of thelr tolets. ‘The sun, streaming througo the stained giass windows, fell wita o crimson blessing atuwart the casket and steeped the fowers piled upon the altar steps in a biush of glory. There were not many notable men preseat, as there Was no display. It seemed to be weuera!ly understood that the iutimate (riends of “Poesticks,” ia his provessional waiks, and the comrades of his hours of leisure, comprised the mournful constituency. Tue Moral display Was superb, Artists and edit- comprising tne staff of Frank Lesue, sent the ief pivces, consisting of broken column, & wreath, 4 star, & leart aod am anchor, Captain James B, Mix, representing the Post Oflice, seat a mammoth envelope of flowers, with @ postage stamp of buds, bearing tue iuscriptioa:—"M, ‘Thomson, New York Preas.’? ‘Lhe fuueral service was the regular one of the higa Engiish Church, and was read by the Rev. Dr. tloughton and bis assistant It was while we soremn Words Of the service reverberated through the cuurch that the extreme impressiveness of the occasion Was attained, Outside the birds Were singing upon the swaying boughs, the grass was bending to the breez and the suniigut was dancing upon thi inside, the mau who nad been the prince edy was tue silent though chief actor in the greatess of ali tragedies—tne tiazedy of death, she Caskes Lore this inscription upon a silver “DOESTICKS." abe — Greveccteernenctrencetacssbnttepesancdearsnectoserods 3 MORTIMER THOMSON. 3 g Died June 25, 1875, 3 3 Aged 44 years. 3 OMLEE IBLE PELEREPELEOE EOE LIDDEEODODS HO 10 DO OOO It was two o'clock when the modest cortége started down Broagway for the Souch ferry. Shortly after three o'clock Greenwood Cemetery Was reached, and the dead "éféraieur was put to rest for ali time tn bis owa lol, by the side of taose he had loved and lost. There wus very little ceremony at the grave— nove, IM (act, save the reaoing of the lpn f touching lives by their author, Mr. Frankin J, Otrarson :— A calm June Sabbath; feecy clouds In brignt battalions fit tho sky j Antony the long departed crowds, Beneatu tho singing pines 1 lie On the green prow of Ohestmut Hill, And hear the rasp of pick aud spade, While, with strong arms and ready will, ‘The last house for my triend 18 made— The house of rest! Live's journey o'er Selore 1 mid-day reach was wou; Duty and pleasure call no more— uls toll 4nd suffering are done. vied fame, his path and sacrifice was crossed: it at timos he hath The straight and narrow pathway lost; For who, With eyes atiood with tears, And hands aweary closing (ombs ‘That gather in the loves ot veara, Can hear waswerved his cruel dooms Aiere let him rest; be ours bis fame, Be ours the losa and his the gain, Ang when we speak his honored dame He it without regret or pain. Here let nim ros either sine 1s one that loved lm—gone before, Bach striving bow with zcalous pride To greet bim first on yonder shore. A nature genial as tue sun; A heart as tender a3 a doves; A bright, awick fancy, tull of mirto, That glacdened many a weary heart, That lighted the dark spots of earth Aud Foubed all sorrow of its smart. Though iite tor bina was sad and drear and tull of losses and despair, All others he made happie Aud seat.ered gladness ¢ Jet him rest, wich kind @ who ‘Nor wish 1a life" DISBECKER'S DISEASED DISTRICT. ANOTHER CRYING NUISANCE IN THE REGION OF THR HARLEM FLATS. The Hariem fats seem to bo a veritable “Big Bonanza” so far as the finaing of new odors is concerned, The more you stir them up tae worse they smell. The H#¥aLD was informed yesterday moroing that @ still more crying natsaace than tae fling tm of the sunken lots with garbage, altgougnh of lesser extent, was in existence some- where in the vicinity of the foot of Ninety-sixth | street, Kast River. A reporter was in conse- | quence immediately despatcved to discover and Jocute the nuisance. The first piace called at tn quest of information was tue police stauon in Hast Eigaty-eighth street. A NON-COMMITTAL SERGEANT, Aa the reporter entered the station house he | nouced that Sergeant Baddingtoa wad just gone costing him tne following couversation ensued :— “sergeaat, Lam a reporter O1 the HERALD, end bave beer vent to you to ascertain if, on your | pouce biotter, you lave any record of a sco Jaden Wita Right soli having veen sunk at the foot | of Ninety-sixtn or Nine y-seveuty sireet some | three ur four montis ago?” “i don’t wish to fave anything to say to you on the subject, I suppose you kuow there is @ rule 01 the department forbidding Gs to give any intor- | ma'ion to strangers.” sergeant, | Was not aware of the existence | of any sica rae, nor was laware that a police biotter could very Weill be classed among the ‘aec- | rec arctaves’ of une city.” “Well,” said the sergeant, “t don’t blame you | TREATY REVISION IN JAPAN. The Quesiions of Compulsory Tariffs and Consular Jurisdiction. a Views of the Mikado’s Government and the Foreign Diplomats. —~ An Imperial Commission Extraordinary— Plans of the Tokio Ministry. rsh Vital Questions for the Asiatic People and the Outside Populations, ToKro, May 23, 1875, It ts commonly understood, In diplomatic eir- cles, that the principal cause of M. Berthemy’s recent doparture trom Japan was his conviction that the important question of treaty revision, in which he felt cotefly interested, had been in- dednitely deferred py the Japanese government. I! this be really the case there is reason to believe that the action of the French Minister was some- what premature, notwithstanding the fact that his opinion 1s atilishared by most of his colleagues, At bo previous time have the preparations jor revision, on the Japanese side, been sv active as at present. But for tho grave considerations of mternal policy that have absorbed the attention of the government for the past four months the subject would have been already brougnt up for discussion, It 1s possible that the organization of the new departments just created and the recon- struction of the bigher branches of the adminis- tration may still further delay the introduction of this topic, but tho purpose now 18 to give it speedy attention, and to announce the readiness Of Japan to doclare ker own Views, and to listen to those of the representatives of tho various countries concerned, A DIPLOMATIC RETROSPECT. Many years bave passed since the time origi+ nally named for this formal revision. When the first treaties were signed, in 1858, it Was stipulated that elther party might ask for alterations and amendments at the expiration of ten years, But the year 1868 found Japan in the midst of a revolution, and the new government of the Mikado declared themselves unwilling, at the outset of their oMeial career, to grasp 80 serious a question, Since that date there has been sufficient reason for repeated postponements, It has been the fashion to throw all the responsibility Of the successive delays upon Japan and to accuse her of interposing needless obstacles to the accompilshment of the work, It will be easy to show that these charges are entirely witnou: foundation. Of late years the Japanes: have always been ready to enicrtain reasonable proposa.s from the Joreigu Ministers bearing upon this subject, but have not considered themseivea tn @ position to take an initiative in opening negotiations, The nearest approach toward an exception to this rule Was during the visit of the Ambassador Iwakura to Washington, tn 1872, when several conferences were held and the draft of 4 Dew treaty was actually drawn up, buat ins execution was Dot autnorized by the home gov- ernment. In respect to suggestions from the Western Ministers, the Japanese affirm that, from toeir point of view, these never have been reason- able; that the envoys have always insisted upon an evormous increase 01 tae advantages ana privileges already secured to their respective nations, without being willing to offer the sight. est concession 1D return, More than this, they have reused to listen to the demand that certain sovereign rights, of the exercise of which dapan was deprived in 1858, suould be in any degree re- stored, And to this plain statemeut not a word of denial can bo bonestly given. It 1s pertectiy true that since 1864 Japan bas been incapal of asserung powers which every really independent nation enjoys, tis equally true that the Western representatives have a§ a rule been resolute in the determination that she shail not regain tuem. Notone of their suggestions for revision haa ever conialaed @ provision that the oppressive conditions of the old treaties should be abrogated. Tocy have all been clamorous for extensions of their own benefits, and heediess of hints that future negotiations must be conducted upon a de- cent basis of equality, Under these circumstances the Japanese have naturally preierred to wait. Tae present state Of affairs, obnoxious as it ty to them, is infinitely better than that which would ve forced apun them if they yielded to the unfair pres- sure to which tuey have been persistently sub- jected, They did yield once, and the experience was not of @ kind to epcourage them tn hastily trusting to the generosity, or even the justice, of the diplomatic corps. Ag agreement for tarif re. vision in 1865 Was taken advantage of to enforce a serious reduction of duties, which was totally op- posed to their wistes and interests, their natural plea that “revision” meant a proper considera- tion of the requirements of both parties being cast | aside without notice. In the minds of the envoys | revision meant alrerations solely for their own | weilare, and nothing else. And that is still their view of tt, for which reason the Japanese nave | found it indispensabie to be perpetually on their | goard. QUESTIONS OF TARIFY LAW AND CONSULAR JURIS- DICTION. The two provisions of the existing treatics to | which they most sirenuously object are those which bind toem to a@ fixed and unaiteravie tariff of customs duties and.to a recognition of tue principle of ex-territorial jurisdiction, It is not denied that, at the time of the Grst conven. | tion with the Western Powers, there were argu- for asking, but 1 don’t want to ve mixed wp ta | this ‘iugation;’ you must go to higner ausaor- | ity.”” The Captain not being in, the reporter con- cluded that toe mgaest authority he could appeal | to Was bis Own eflurts, und consequently place where the sunken souw was At the foot of Ninety-fiftn stre nost filed With Digh which was revolting beyond des Accost ing & stalwart fellow On the deck, who was vig ously k * pall aod scrubbing Droom, the porter asked, “How long bas this scow “Weil, aboat eight days. | “Only Cigat days, are you sure it's not longer | than that | “Yes, it's only eight days; | guess I ought to know." “How long do the auchorives allow one of sows to remain io this Comdition at a dock? Jattt she geis full.” “De you kaow anything abontascow having been sunk abeut three or jour monchs ago? “xo, 1 gon't Know nothin’ about no scow bein there aint #o such toing, neitber.’? The reporter was about to leave, but, thinking he heara some derisive snickering goig on, as be iound | mei irom been here’? these | thougd the ca) 8 buvsiing of | having fooled the be continued Gis Investigatio id, at me lower endofl the oh the south side of Ninety-fifta sirees, dis- boat embeded in the mud, we es Gown and completely filled with a oul The captain, Who was watching the re- | porter all the lime, came forward when he saw | that the reporter bad (ound what ne was in quest | of, aud euaeavored to make ail sorts of expiana- Hous. Ue neciated that one canal boat had only | been there avout three months and that be had received oraers to have it towed away imme- Aintety. “Bab,” said the reporte well that you could nut tow ali stove ta."" “On, yes, We can: we're going to have a derrick ‘you know perfectiy tis tub away, 4 bere raise her Up; besides, you see this 'ere Bi we're golog to ligaren the al boat by takin’ a sloop lead of the stuff out of her; then the’ll float, you bet." ‘The captain turther stated that everything was ed hy them a8 Seon as received Gi with as the Next quessiou, Jarboiic acid,” was tue reply. Do you use any lime?” | No} we don any lime,” rhe reporter then askel to zee the carbolte acid, when It trav disinfecting wes done, Matall, before the night soil is ouinped om the séows, 80, for tbe third time, the captain was caught. It appears, however, from information received later that toe man had received ordera, | if possible, to bull ous the suagken canal bout | either last Might or to-night, Whea the mass be- comes suitred up the steneh Wii ve uCteriy unen - Gurabie. It wppears, too, that the fact of this | ea\iience-breedins Cras, having been sunk at tne foot of the pier Was Kuown only tO a few versous, whoae intereats evidently operates toward Keep- fae kuwee 4 SiON OA C86 | | lor counsel and assistance. That gentleman, | & He between the two countries that the accumu- | but ae did so with the distinct understanding that | expected them to take control of this matter after | exhibit his views upon this point in t | Gator the ignorance of the Japanese of a tariff or duties ments in favor of these conditions. But, by tue | framers of the instruments, they were looked upon merely as temporary expedients, to serve a desirable purpose fot a specified time and then to be set aside forever. It is necessary, for native | as well as for joreign interests, that some defaite | regulations for trade should be estabiisnea bejore the actual commencement of commercial inter- course ; and, a4 the Japanese were totally without experience in such matters, they applied to Mr. Harris, the representative of the United States, whose whote career in Japan was distinguished | prevent t, by @ senso of impartial justice and a strict in- vegrity which have kept his name in honorable remembrance to this day, and which estabitshed laced errors of his successors have not been abie to entirely sever, supplied them with what ne considered to be the requisite information; they were to be guided by it for oniy # limitea period, The tarif was, in fact, drawn up by him and was affixed tothe treaty for mutuai con, venience. It Was never supposed that either party to the contract was to be bound by it veyoud & certain specified time. Mr. Harris, in- deed, did not tail to assure the Japanese that ne the expiration of ten ye: at the furthest, His own words, written as recently as March, 1875, clearest poseibie ight Ihe tarill appended to the Treaty of Jeddo Notone of Its provisio Japanese Com! eding arove from the re- necessities growing ed pro’ oa imports aud of the manner im which customs should be couected, They frankly avowed theit want of Knowl. edge in tre mal and piaced themselves ia Ma hands, relying, soid, on my doing th jusue My opjeet waa, of course, ve sol Feguiacona for’ teade, befors the por pe seoing cloarly that Very serioas cumplicavons rhght arise nnless the duties on imports wore settied | tore the irade bowen, im fixiog the rates of dusies | de- fired. op (he oue hand, to give such a revenue 4s would substantially show the Japanese the berefis of forein trade, and on the other hand to excessive (ax o fantiy told time came aiid have gaiwea intelligently to mn sing the (Peaty © 08 wodld enable wy wo | heat | remarking that while | an years was af important part gia imee's lite. it was | 446 hung in the ie of a oation. I never, for a moment, | clalined A r4alt wo inwrfare in matters whion purely be (ond the auniows: adairs of every anion, Suck tu | courage In asserting Aad waintatoing the | siong of M8 country is uatyersally acknowledged. wrforence isthe result of absolute conquests, and aot o1 any rotornadonal righh, AMERICAN GOOD FESLING A SOURCH O¥ NATIONAL STRENOTH. Sueh are the opinions of the Minister who framed the agreement upon which all the treaties be- tween Japan and other nations have been based, As he is Known to huve been always actuated by a ecling of genuine good will toward this country nig example in making the tari! apart of the treaty, at the oulset, has been trequently held up in justification of the claim that it must always remain so, It has been ui , over and over again, that the Japanese are bound not to protest against the perpetuation of a system inaugurated by the only foreign Minister whom they believe to have ever been traly thew iriend. We now see what the motives that influenced Mr Harris really were, and wuat were bis expectations as to the term during wich Japan sbould be boand by hts con- vention, And itmay be added that although he suggested the expiration of ten years as a suitabie time for a general revision, he provided for an earlier reconsideration of this particuiar aubject ip case of need, The last words of bis Trade Regulations of 1853—the Pi a of which ts also tlons—are as follows :— y ing of Kanagawa (1859), the import and export duties shall be subject to revision if the Japanese government desires it.!? MA, HABBIS! OPINION OF BX-TEGRITORIAL JURISDIC- TION. In regard to the clause securing ex-territorial Jurisdiction Mr, Harris 18 even more emphatic, He Bays i— ‘The provision ot the treaty giving the right of ex-terrt- torlaliiy to all Americans in Japan was against my con- clenes. In @ conversation with Governor Marcy, (ho rotary ot State. in 1856, he strongly condemned it as an unjust inlerierence with the municipal iaw of a coun- try which no Western nation would tolerate for a niu- ment; bat he said that it would be impossible to have ® treaty with pny Oriental nation unless it contained that Provision. 108 exainples of our treaties wills Turkey, Persia and the Barbary Powers gave precedents that the Senate would not overlook, I fear that 1 shall not hive to seo this unjust provision struck oul of our trea- ties, but t tondly Hope that others may #ve it tully auro- wa ‘ ‘ The circnmstances ander which these two stipulations whien now irritate so grievously the seuiiment of national pride and inaependence in this country were originally nominated in the bond are now suitictentiy apparent, Few persons who nave watched with any degree of sympathy the course of Japanese affairs for the last ten y rs can fail to regret that toe representation of be United States was not continued in the bands to which it waa first intrasted, or thatit was not confided to Others that should insure the iuini- ment of the treaty m the spirit in whicn it was conceived. The tart and the ex-torritorial raie were never meant to be sources of lasting oppres- sion and bumillation to Japan. A Minister Like Mr. Harris would not have made them so, and if his design had been fattnfally carried out neither would be in operation at this day. And it needs ovly # glance at the recently published letters and journais ot Lora Elgin, who negotiated the first Kngitah treaty, to show what would have beon Ms estimate of the manner in which these arvitrary provisions lave beeu held against the nation Whigg subscribed to them in help- less ignorance, ind sciueh Bo Wrighes under them with a sense of bitter injury that years of tardy redress Will Da:dly appea: it hag been in the inevitable order of affairs thas America and England have continued to hold, by one agency or enotker, aud chiefly that of terrorism, a para- mount influence over the governiment of Jupau; but nothing i more certain than that their later representatives have been neither [arrises nor Eigins, i should not be suoposed trat the aver- sion of the Japanese to the latererence in thelr tari and judiciary rights arises solciy irom a iecei- ing of wounded nasional pride. It is a serious, practical question as well. both cases they consider that their most vital interests are assailed. Japan 18 not & Wealthy country. lis jew and its industries are limited. They were abuvaant Jor the requirements of the people under the old system of isolation, and they are still suflictent to meet all abso.ute needs; bat, with the advent of foreigner and the adoption of foreign ideas, new demands bave sprung up whieh cannot be satisfied at present, excepting at a cost which the resources of tho land are not capable of meeting. The government, thereiore, recognize a double necessity for an increase of the tariff upon various arucies of import. They need a larger revenne from duties upot what ts legitimately brought info the ports, and tuey heed to Lave iD their Own bands the means of checking any inordinate outfows ol capital. TAL IMPORTS ARE ALRKADY IN EXCESS OF THR EX- PORTS to an extent which fs unquestionably dangerous. Few of these lmports—it might be said scarcely any—are articies of necessity for the Japanese, Filteen years ago the bulk or them were totally unknown here. To tits day they are, in @ general rb sense, luxuries, although the use oi them ior another generation would make them aimost in- dispensable. But their introduction on a bread scaie may be deerred & dozen years or any pumber of years without ailecting the comfort of the mass of the pepulation. A naiion that bas always lived, for example, with- out Knowlug what woollen goods are can easly go ona ttle jonger in the same paivless igno- rance, Meapwhte, the goverument may take measures to secure for Japan tne production of tts own Wovllen gvods &t home, 4u jact a very large enterprise i8 about Lo be established under Amer- ican auspices, that 18 to say, with the co-operation and assistance of Americaus, by Which the present rulers expect to make steep growing aud the pro- cuction of wool & poweriul industry in the laud. Even Mr. Mill wou.d Dot preiead that an effort of this Sort does not require protection. It ix pre- cisely one of the spines which he deciares ougus to be protected. lt bas every reasouable pro» pect of an enormous success provided the specula- Tons Ib cheap woollen goods of Enziand are not sue fered to strangle tt before it bas ai tained w healthy growth. ‘he situation {8 Dot une tu Waich an out- cry can be raised that the needs ot tne poopie Must be satisfied on the easiest terms to them- selves, That question does not enter into the con- sideration at all, jor up to this ‘ime there exists no popularneed, Tne community at large du not ask for wootlen nowing, what they are. It erintendent of Trace (in the East the Britis Srints rejoice iso in this junction) to crea: the nee, oF to be created, 1m order thas his country: suall have the opportunity of sup- lying it, The desire 1s @ thoroughly natural one, in view of the fact that the condition of Eng- lund’s manufactures |# now such 4s to make the Tapld extension of ber markets almost a matter of Ife or death, But it 18 Do less oACUral thas the Japanese should resiss schemes, the ful- iment of which would stl fur- ther exhaust their —scaaty —_—resources, and, in course of time, make them commercialiy Gependent apon the great traaing power o: the West, As it is with tals macter of Woolen goods, so it is with many others, 1ndeed with a very jarge proportion o/ the articies now imporied. Tueir gradual introduction into common use would undoubtediy be advantageous; but there 1s Do occasion ior baste, and there are few among them taut Japan 18 not adie to supply persell With ander lavorabic conditions of productive de- velopmens WHAT MUST BE DONE, It is, nowever, obvious that, in order to ac- complish any fesulis in this divectiou, sue must be uatrammelled by resirictious upon’ her tarit. if the government had it not in tucir power to new industries trom being over- whelmed a y moment by a crushing Western competition, the experiment would die out belore 4 cuuld get fairly into operation. And it 18 to prevent them irom resuming titis power—which belongs to tuem as legitimately as tae right ot araw- hg breath belongs to any living being—that tte foreign Ministers vow comoine. Some of them are, as individuals, Opposed to tals monstrous io- vasion of an tunerent national privilege, The e consptcuously again: ‘on 18 paralyzed anu his votee silled by the anom: rule Of “diplomatic co-opera- tion,” which was supposed to be casential to West- ern policy in Japan in the early days, and which Mr. fish Nas recentiy distinguished himselt py re- viving With @ great Dlare and flourisi. Asa mat- ter of trach, the system of “codyeration” was always Ao illusion, and its perpetuation has pe- me thoroughly mischievous. It is especially urious to the position of the United States. e wever Was @ time When the interests of America were akin to those of England, ana now they are widely asunder. There is no jeontity of purpose io the Eastern movements of the two countries, bat the influence of America 1s forced into unison with that of Eagiand by the uughtiess decree of & Secretary of State, who probably never givea a moment's solid con- ation tO the question, and the Minister of the Re puvlic compelled to joiu hands with the Superimtemfent of British Trade in the ignobie work of iettering the indepondence of a friendly nation, Nobody disputes whe activity and energy of the British representative in Jay a his reten- He dares do wil that may le an envoy or Kogland—not to speak of a tolerably general suspicion that he someumes dares do nrore, As be 1g thoroughly iM earnest im bis eiorts to enfoi his resolves, #00 as the United States Minister. who alone occupies psition that might enapie him to check their ambitious grasp—is powerlexs to combat him, be naturally carries ail vefore him in the counseis of the diplomatic corps. Some bah indeed, aliied with There ts no secrecy about his determ He means that the Japanese shal be coerced into a uew and in- defnite contract, binding tem to adit (oretgn roods at @ CATT so low a8 to Make them virtuaiy eof duty. Fatiing in this, he will take the po- sition fhat they cannot ana shail not alter the ox- isting rules, but nati be bound by (nem to aileer- nity, need be, The principal Mnglish organ in Japan openly prociaims tai sort of Intention, Ail the ministers ‘co-operate’ more or less cordiaily, and it ts @ foreordatned incident of the treaty re. vision, Wben it comes, that Japan ts to fod the voice ‘Of the foreign representatives loud and almost unavimous againss ali ber instincts, ¢ yictions aud indisputable rigats on tuis ' vital pom. NATIVE CAUTION FOR A WELL RFGULATED com MBRCE. In the matter of ex-ter’)\orial jarisdiction, hke- wise, the Japanese are actuater than those of were teeing, aituough toese, of course, are naturaily aod justly powerfal wit them, Here, asain, tae practical development of tue Empire |. cerned in tie settlement of this qnestion on terms (bat shall not leave them ata uisadvantage. ihey nave oeen persistently ac- cused Of a perverse resolution to Keep the coansry Cosed to loreigners under ali comtititions. Dotuing cua be lurtner from cue sratin Thera is) kG Bekiied = tudtatemtion = Wo by otner motives | in en Lthrow Japan open to the world. On the contrary, there 18 &® strong desire to promote tae growth of many of its slumpering resources, with the direct sid of foreign experience and foreign capital, But this must be done upon terms which shall at least be as favorable to Japan astothe new comers, Its, perhaps, needless io Say that such a view of the case does not appeal very strongly to the ters, WhO are cou- stantly urging the immediate overtirow of ail barriers to ingress and intercourse. What they want perfect ireedom of communication and trade all over the land, and that without delay or conditions. After this, the deluge, tf necessary, Why they want it ls easy enough to discern, New markets for foreign goods, new investmonts for foreign Capital. With the question of buying and selling of commodities the arrangements of the tari! are chiefly associated, Witn that of the plication of capttal from abroad the ex-territorial system directly Connects itself. Here tue opinions ol the governinent appear to be fixed and deter- mined. They have had for several years a lively experience of consular jurisdiction, and they know pretty thoroughly wnat it is worth. They are totally ‘averse to allowing strangers to wander about over their land, subject vir- tually to no law Whatever, and amenable to ‘restraints only according to the caprices of oMolala in whose judgment—and often Lo whose integrity—they have not the slignt- est faith, When it comes to the subject of allow- ing foreign enterprise to take part in large opera- tions im the tnterior a still more sertous oojection intervenes, A larze proportion of the consuls im Japan are theinselves traders, It is a scandal te, their governments that tt should be so, but the fact remains. If foreign capital should fasten itself upon internal commerce or internal tn- austries it is nos only & possibility, but next to & certainty, that Many ol these consuls would be cither openly or secretly interested, And tuen, in the eveut of disputes arising, the only triounal to which they could be relerred, in the existing situation, would be one in which the judi would be 4 party to the suif, Probably whe met statement of this extraordinary fact will be sum nt to convince readers at a distance 01 the per- fect propriety Of the Japanese odjections to open-~ ing their country while the ex-territorial rule re- ind in force, But the knowledge of it does not convince Ministers upon the Spot, Atleast, Whale evor their inward convictions may be, they pur- sue, Wit unabated industry, their project of get- regardiess of the risks to again the Sritish Envoy takes tue lead, as in all affairs in which ‘THE GREKDY XAGERNESS OF THE YOREIGNERS coniicts With she cautious reserve of tue native government, None knows better than he shat the Japanese could not look for justice in a set of courts administered by trading consuls. And although the Engiisn officials, like the American, are not perinitted to engage as others are in com: mercial dealings, he Nas had irequent proof that even Koglish consuis are not, ex endows: With te attributes and knowledge peco-sary : F the proper discharge of high judicial junctions. At this very momeot an assistans judge from Yokohama 15 engaged, at Hiogo, in the re-examie nation, and iu many ca! sions promulgated during Her Sritannio Majesty’s Cons! the Minister deciares that pi aside ber poner of seclusion aad abandon herse! yar as foreigners are concernea, to tae bap: ZAP dispensation of justice that Western gov- emments have shruss upon her. To accomplisa hig ends he Las Not hesiated to resort to means which, to Say the least, arc open to keen eriticm. In forming the combinition to ensorce the last payments of the Simunoseki indemnity, & year ago, be stated that he really did nes wane the mooey (which everybody kuew), but that he believed (whica everybody did not know) the Japanese Were unable to méet the demand at the moment and Would be compelled to open tae Km. pire a8 an equivalent—the oaly equivaient that be was inclined to accept. As it happeued, the gov- ernment could pay and did pay, and toe aawagie- some scheme of coercion was irustrated. THE JAPANESE MINISTERIALIST POLICY, It may not be out Of placo here to state tnat the Japauese have pisus of tueir own jor the dis- posw of this subject, which they will pring ton waid at the proper momen}. ‘They will announce themselves prepared to establish a suficient num- ber of high tribunals, the jadges in which saa be bota’ Japaoese and foreigners, chosen from dif ferent nationalities. These latter Wii bo gelvctad with an impartiality and with a close scrutiny respect io Character and attainments that soall admit of no opportunity for querulous debate, | wil probably be proposed that persons arraign: be‘ore these Courts shail be cried accordmg to the jaws of the country to wuiea they belong at iéast until the adoption of w suillcieat and ovum. rehensive Japanese code; but tuis is & pout no’ aecided. ‘fhe courts themseives, how- recognized a3 entirely nes or taint of outside tnnuence w Whetner a Pipbosal os tals kind cepied Of not by the Western govern- ‘There is no reason my 1 honorable. It will entail aheavy cost and many ipconveniences upon tue Japan but they are willing to meet these @na thas to prove thoir readiness to supply, a far as they can, a reason- able remedy for the evils which Bireudy exist and which toreaten to magaily. Nothing bus sueer Obstancy, Or @ Wanton determination to keep Japan under the yoke, can stand in the way of cordial recognition of suca a measur if car. Tied out, the system wul be an improvement upon that now tm «wciion in certain States nearer Europe. 80 far as actual powers go, tt will n njoyed by as alwaye had, Secured by treaty, tue independent privilege Of jurisdiction in cases between foreiguers and natives. imagine, for & moment, any Weste governmens seriously setung that Persia bas Claims superior to th ot Japas, or that there 1 & particic of justification jor dee nying to the latter uation What bas long vcon eonceded to the forme: HOW THK DIPLOMATS WORK POR AN OBJECT. It bas always been tue custom, in dealiug wite questions concerning the general tutercourss be~ tween Japan and ro Powers, for toe envoys to array themselves against the ofictais of the Foreign Deparument aad bring into action the combined Jorce of Laeir induence and skill. Tuere is no Metaphor la thus speaking of the tuterviews that occur, jor they almost tuyariably tac form, on the side of the foreigners, of hostile con- tests, in whieh the Japanese are to be made to yield, if possible, Whatever 18 desired by handed audacity, or, if it 1s thought expedient, downright violence of tone and action. Tats may be inconceivavle to persons who bave no opportu- nity of Knowing the real state of affairs, bat it ts nevertheless stiictly true, I @ literal record of i the coniereuces that bave taken place tn could be preseated it Would be neces- te decency, if not eist, for the governments whose representauves have most Qagrantiy outraged the proprieties to Interpose & peremptory check upon suca enor. mites ta fature. For ope I tervently wish that the Japanese cenld be persuaded to give publicity to certain scenes Whicn the balls of the Foreign Office have witnessed, and in which the neavuy charged roles of turbulence and Domvast Nave beea lille by Various diplomatic agents from avroad, A slugi¢ Xposure Would provably put ao end to | coem forever. But uncompiaining sumerance ap- | pears to be the guiding principle here, Tae ioretgn Corps do not aiWays gain the points they alm at by their aggressive devices, but they give infinite deal of agnoyance and'pain, and they certainly cadse toemselves, With a iew exceptions, to ve cordiully nated. Offical contact witn them JS felt to be one Of the most disagreeable take | Inat a pablic servant cau be called upoa to p | form. Attaches of the diplomatic department | have on more than one occasion sougut to be re~ | the reversal, of deck it six montis by that port, Yet japan must throw ever, with no lone tacning to them. can be | leased from their duties and transferred to other positions where they snould mot be subject to the provabill'tes of iusolence and outrage. Is has long been beloved that a rad.cal change would be made ln the management of the Foreign Office | but jor the reluciauce of the really Orsi class men | Of the present administration to take @ part eu- talling (he personal discomsorts, not to say hu- milarions, to Which they Would ve exposed by business Lenape § with envoys. in the resent organizitiofi of tout office these latter ave encountered wut littie opposition to their methoas of procecaing; bat when the sudjecs of revision comes to be broagut forward tuey wilt find that the discussions are to be conducted un- det diferen; conditions, tn the first piace, tn will not meet t of four of tho highest officers of the governmens—- all members of the Imperial Council aud heads of important departments. Of these the Foreign Minister wiil be one and tue Chief of the Juut- clary another. Those Who are familiar with the mames of the leading Japanese statoxmen ot the day will under- stand the spirit in which the debates are likely to be conducted when it is stated tuat OKubo fost. | MIMI and Oxuma sigenodu Will compleLe sue com mission. THR CONSIDERATION fF OFFICIAL QUALIFICATIONS< 4 ¥ DELICATE WUT Viral POINT. There are numerous reasons jor the appolat- ment O/ a number of oflcers to thit special ser+ vice, One is found in the fact ‘ust mentioned, that the envoys will come forward in a body to urge the loreign side o| the question, and it is de- sirable (0 80 grave @ sitnativn fo have aiso a com- bination and varlety of ability on the Japanese side, Another is that white the present For Secretary is a functionary of iomg practice and pertence, 1s is felt suat ne quaiities Waich at partical: rn Li controversies which are sure to arise—qualltios the absence of which cannot be atoned for by any amount of familiarity wita mere details of rou- tine. Tee prudence of inciuding the bent strengin of tue present govern in tne =Comamission = Wi. not be te The Minister of Justice, Okt, will perna, 2s t take no very active ein the transactions, ih bis attention wiil naturally be needed im the ad- jusiment of the ex-cerritorial diMecuities prooiem, ‘Ihe real labor of the negowation Will ial! upon Oknbo and Okuma, and [a the caim sobriety of judgment and Grmness for which tue former ia distinguished and the quick fertility of resource and bold decision of tae latter the governmen Will find tvs inverests most surely and effectively represented, Nether Of tuese gentiemen haw | anything to appresend in intellectual confictw Wwita any of the diplomatic corps, provided such con ficts ace thrust upon them. Their ndmes al alurivuves mot entirely unknown abr Okabe was the COMMIssioner for Japan im pa ee nog of the Porinosa dispute, ali the honor of which were secured by nim jor Wis own coun uy, Okuma Was (he organizer and the practiow ecutor of the Whole rormosa entepprive, The veroment wil! look to them for Lae exercise and fdeiity ia tue disgharge a cue a Guties coullded to bueu,