The New York Herald Newspaper, January 30, 1875, Page 6

TRANSIT OF VENTS. The American Expedi- tions in Asia. | NEWS FROM NAGASAKI AND TOKIO. | | — ooo | The Grand Event Witnessed with | Flattering Results. H The Sites and Labors of the Observers in Japan. IMPERIAL COMPLIMENTS TO OUR SCIENTISTS The Theories of the Sun’s Distance Reviewed and Explained. NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY. JANUARY 30, 1875.—WITH SUPPLEMENT, study the problem of irradiation. He has also placed tn position a coast survey meridian instru- Meut by which to observe the Meridian passages of the limbs of the sun and of Venus, and in the Commission transit meridian observations will be made tor the difference of declination of the sun’s and Venus’ upper limbs, which will be separated about 3 mim. 40 see, at appareut noon. To utilize every member of nis party a smail equa- torial OL three inches will be used by the frst as- sistant astronomer for the determination of con- different chronometers and clock are con- nected by telegraph lines and the epochs of the aiffereut phenomena recorded on chronograph Sheets, just as the ordinary star transits are. This method 18 in great tavor with ali young ob- servers, and for certain work 19a great relie!, But experienced observers buve more ivith in their Re and ear’’observations than in the “eye and paud.’? _{n order that this centennial appearance of Venus on the sun might not take the observers unprepared for certain phenomena expected to appear, an artificial Venus was set up on Winder’s bultiog, in Wasnington, ana the ooservers baa some practice thereon trom the Navai Observa- tory. At this Nagasaki stajion Venus in several shapes, as she wil appear crawling on the sun, has been erected on Meridian . about three miles to the northward and on the same elevation as the Venus station, Upon these Ogures the chiel and his assistants practise regularly to the measurement of cusps, distances, diameters, &c. ID ail these artificial Venuses care nas been caken to have the disk of the planet appear of the same size in the double image microme‘er as she wili actualiy possess on the 9th, One oi the curios cases studied is that wherein Venus is painted as ske wili appear when only ten seconds upon tue solar disk, With the sughtest unstcadiness: ot the Atmosphere it 1s almost Impossivle to make out this edge of Venus. fms is @ point that can be studied by ali tie parties when they recurn; and the resuits wiil never be satisiactory uniil | each observer hus adovted asimiiar experiment in NaGasakt, Dec. 7, 1874 Of the three American parties in the Northern Hemisphere one was directed to occupy such sta. tion in Japan, upon the line of telegraph, as gave best promise of fair weather. For the latter par- pose the commission obtained meteorological data jrom several stations, The chances seemed nearly balanced, although it was evident that the northern stations, say as far as Hakodadi, were the less favorably situated. Moreover, if the other considerations were equal, it was important to | Decupy a station whence direct telegraph commu- Bication could be bad with Wladtvostok, and with Shanghat, Hong Kong, Singapore, Melbourne, &c. With this purpose in view the chie! of the party had discretion allowed him whether to occupy Nagasaki, where the cables are landed, or some point more favorably situated, on account of weather, where the telegraph could connect with the cable. Coming ito the field a month later than he had expected, the choice was cramped, and Na- aki chosen. Stations on the greatintand sea of Japan were reported as blessed with more good weather, but no reltabie data could be obtained, From nis experience in experimenting at great elevations in the Sterra Nevada of California for astronomical purposes Professor Davidson was anxious to reach a station nearly 10,000 feet above the sea, Such elevations are not known to exist fm Southwestern Japan, and even where moun. tains oO! 3,000 or 4,000 feet elevation exist it would require a season, and a large party to cut roads thereto. Nagasakt 1s situated on a low contracted spot in | the northeastern part of the bay, which is about | four miles long, north and south, and half a mile in wictb, with fine, even bottom and good holding ground for shipping. Itis on the route between Yokohama and Shanghai. ‘he surrounding coun- try 1s tossed up into sharp, abrupt hili-peaks, ranging irom 500 to nearly 2,000 feet elevation. The latter very steep and covered with a heavy growth of chapparal. ‘the American party selected @ narrow, smooth- topped ridge o! 850 feet elevation, one mile south of the town, ard employed several hundred coolles to open a road to the summit, where a space was made jor the placing of the different instruments. As this station was a good distance {rom the tele- graph cable office, a second station for telegraph longitude work was estaolished near the caole line and the work commenced with Wiadivostok early in November, in order that Professor Hall might leave there immediately after the 9th and not run any extra | RISK OF BEING FROZEN IN | entil next May. This telegraph work was satis- factorily finighed in about ten days, through the great Kindnéss of Mr. Thomas Russell, the man- ager of this Danisn line, and of Mr. Carl Nielson, the electrician of the company. Alter they had examined the special apparatus of the party, Pro- lessor Davidsou was allowed to piace the istru- ments directiy in the une, and thus avoid the personal error which necessarily existed in the Atlante cabie work, where the fash of the gaivanomecer was noted by eye and hand. In this cuble work to Wladivostok the clock did Its own work. From Wiadivos\ox a line of telegraph runs through Siberia to St. Petersburg, along which are strung twenty-seven Russian transit of Venus parties. : determine the difference Petersourg aud Wiaai- vostok, and thus Nagusaki becomes connected for jongitude with Europe and America. Alter the telecraph longitaaes were Unisoed this telegraph longitude station and the transit of Venus station were connected geodetically. ‘The outfit of the diferent American parties is as identical as can be made oy skilled workmen, ai- thouga some of the parties Rave additional mscru- ments, (uruisbed by themselves or otoer persons, Judging from the outht the American Commis- sioue’s place more reliance upon the photographs resuits than upon the purely astronoaiicai ooser- vations. NAMES OF THE NAGASAKI OBSERVERS. The organization oi the American party ere is as iollows Proiessor George Davidson, United States Coast Survey, Cbiel Astronomer, 1 charge of Transit of Venus Ex,edition. oO. H. Tittmann, United States Coast Survey, First Assistant Astronomer. W. 5S. Edwards, United States Coast Sarvey, Sec- ond stall J souomer, 5. K. peli Chiet Photographer, trom the United st: reasury Department. $ H. Eherton Lod@e, civil engineer, Boston, First assistant Photographer. fr. 5. Willlams, Boston, Second Assistant Photo: graptier. j Mr. Uyeno, of Nagasaki, Third Assistant Pho- tograpter. ‘snis party is, ina sense, a Coast Survey party, and the Caliiornians claim 1¢ as belonging to tueir coast, because Vrolessor Davidson Nas been en- gaged on the sarvey of tne Vacific coasc for twenty-five years, and 18 thoroughly ideatified therewith. Messrs. Tittimann and Edwards are aisv atracned to tue Pacific Coast Survey. Aiter the comple ton the work ‘or wuict wey Specially came out the party Wul be dispersed. Mr. Davidsou, Wita his wile and (wo sous; Messrs. Seibert, Lodge and Williams contivue westward, the firs; undec especial instructions of the govern- ment, Messrs. ittmann and Edwards return to Calilornia for wuetr reguar due: FRIENDLY AID FROM JAPANESE SCIENTISTS, With this party the Japan nave sent several of the brightesc young oMicers of the navy, anu Captain Yanaxi, Chiet of the Burcan of Hydrogra- phy and esteemed one of their most learned men, visited Prolessor Davidsou to study toe insiru- ments and metnods, Lieutenant (como, lushipman Isono, of the mavy, and Mr. Magome, of the Kducational Vepurt- ment, jomed the party at Yoket tn Octover. In December Proiessor David Murray, Chief Councilor of the Educauional Department, and Mr. vatekayama, Director vi the imperiat College, joined the party at Nagasaki, the lormer to assist. in the work. Ali these officers have been directed to make special reports to the Emperor and tueir departments. Durtog their stay in Japan the party has re- ceived every attention and Kindness irom the @utoorities \n ai! the cepartinents and trom tne People ac large. ‘The use of the velegraph line Irom Nagasak: to Toket was placed at the ot Proiessor Davidson jor s¢tentitic parpos he proposes to uetermine tae difference of longi. tus vetween the two cities oy telegraph aad thus piace Toke in longitude conpection with tue tapitais of Europe and America, Special permission was given to the party to pass trough any part of the Empire, but the Mme at their disposal prevented its vving uulzed, DESCKIPTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS, Inasmuch as the astronomical aud the entire scientific world are deeply interested in the na- ture aud object Of the expeditions it may not ve upinterestng to speak ol the mechanical imple- Ments to be ade use Of IN the prosecution of tue work. In the astronomical work proper the party has a TRANSIT INSTROMENT for the determination of ciock corrections ana for latitude; an object glass, two and a naif inches diameter, Witu a prism ior total reflection aocout twenty inches from the object giass, bY Which meuos the image is directed through one of the transit axis pivots. Ths is an oa idea rejuve nated: ertain advantages, but more dis- ao vate, 1his iostrument #180 plays a prin pal part in the placing of the puotograpmc tele: scope, as Will be EXpratned, THE EQUATORIAL IXSTROMENT t glass of five inches diameter, made by Alvan Clark & Sons, Camoridgeport. (t was made vniy anu solely tor (ois and the transit of 1882, and, taerevore, lacks tue means Of tne ad. justment of posit op. but will accomplish what it was intended jor, Witu tnis equatorial ia the dou- bie image micrometer o! Airy, by means o; Which me crometric measures of the separation ol tue othe Fun .u be made whne Venus ts on the limo of the sun at ingress apd egress: also measures Of tue distance apart of the rs of the san and o! Venus after she has enter short distavce; these to be repeated at egret in the reverse order. During tie passage of tne planet over the san’s disk Professor Davidson will make maicrometric measures of the diameter of Venus to | memoers 0 | strumenot which is placed to the north. | Cau ve measured, | trapsit of Venus; but the the field or upon his return from toe fied. Let a board be painted to represent a part of the disk ana border of the san, avd thereon Jet there be painted biack segments representing Venus when one second, two, three, &c., tv ten or fMiteen seconds on tae limb of the sun. The observers should then pracuse and endeavor to ascertain what is (hea smallest segment visible under similar circumstances to those im which they observed, If the practice with an artiicial Venus 1s dimeult when the observer knows exactly where to look for it, the difficuity is teniold increased when the exact spot of her ingress 1s not certainly shown. Another part of the duty of the astronomical the party has been the occultations ol stars, that the different stati may have some means of ascertaining their dulereace of iongl- tule, ‘fhe puotographic means o! recording the appearance of Venus upon the sun’s disk at given epocas are ample for the smallness of the party. ‘rhe photographic telescope is (hat devised by Pro- Jessor Winiock, of Cambridge Observatory, and consists of @ Six inch object glass, by Clark, mounted very solidly upon a boiler iron pier, firmly imbedded tour leet velow the surlace of the ground, In equatorial instruments the clock work, geared into the polar axts, moves the telescope, so that when directed to apy given celestial body tt wii follow the object pointed upon, and thus enaole the observer to make continued observations with toe star, sun or planet apparently fixed in the telescope. In this device of Prolessor Wuiulock, who 1s, by the way, one of our most mechanically ingenious of astronomers and mathematicians, the telescope is fixed, 4 must not change its position, Thereivre, u large hetiostat, moved by ciockWork, 13 placed to the north of the photo. graphic object glass (tn she borthern hemisphere), aud the plane giass mirror of the instrament is turned in such @ manner that the ref d image Of the Sta is Continually directed In a straight line tnrough the odjective to the reticulated and sen- sitized plates in tae dark photographic room. The coject giass of ints Uxed photographic tele- scope is directly In the Meridian of Lhe transtt in- At the chemical focus of this lens (reaetermined av this station) ss areticulated plate of glass mounted upon a plate simular to that used for the object lens. ‘This plate is capable of adjustment both horizontally and vertically; but lest minute errors should creep into {is adjustinent, it has a level upon the top, and irom the upper part 1s huny a silver wire with plummet, by witch means its error of adjustment Tne chemical focal distance of | tary distances and sizes. The variation of the | method er two stations whereby the appa- rent position of the planet 1s affected by the chang- | ing of the observer’s position on account only of the dinrnai rotation o/ the earth was employed, as Well as the origipal method, im 1802, and the resuit confirmed the impression which other investiga. tions bad created that the distance of (ne earth pee the sun was certataly less than 92,000,000 miles. | LI—By the velocity of light, | Aiter the dimensions of the eurth’s orbit were known, the veiociiy of lgnt through space was measured in two Ways by astronomers; by the diference in time of the calculated and observed disappearauces and reappearances 01 Jupiter's sateliiies at his oppositiod and conjunction, and by the aberration of the fixed stars. But neither | of these reveals to us the real veloctty or ligut. It remwaimed for-Fizeau and Foucault to solve & prov. lem apparently so intractable, where a velocity of 185,000 miles per second was involved. This is not the place to reproduce the method devised by these experimenters, but the resuit by Foucault's method, wiich in some respects 1s superior to Fizeau’s, gave a velocity to light in the inter. planetary space, as well as in alr, of 180,000 miles per second. rom this we deauce the value ane 00 miles as che distance of the earth trom the sun. liL—By @ certain irregularity in the moon’s Motion. due to her betug most disturbed by the | suo when between the earth and sun | ‘The law of gravitution declares that the attrac- tion between masses depends upon tne distance between them, The moon is attracted to tne earth by a jorce depencing upon their distance, which is kuowr, When the moon is between the earth aré tre sun the latter tends to draw her away from the earth, soto speak, more strongly than to pull the earth awax irom the moon when | the moon 18 1n Opposition. A sunilar tendency exists jor ail the positions of tue moon when hearer the sun than the earth 1s, The eifects of | these digerences of attraction are shown in the aéveleration and retarda'ion in her oroit, and in the distortion of that oroit, which is thereby elongated in a direction at right angles to the line through the moon, earth and sun, In the moop’s Motion the sight Variation, Whica depends upon this cause alone, can ve culculated tueoretically, It we know the cxuct distance of the earth irom the sua and that of the moun from the earth the | theoretical motions of the moon should agree wita the ooserved motions. Li they do not agree the difference ts used as the basis lor the deter- mination ot the real distance. ‘The perturbations are, of course, Very minute, but the observations are so numerous and so exact that, in 1854, the eminent mathematician and junanian, Hansen, actually detected the diference and asertbed it to the true cause, Tas led to a reaiscussion of the whole subject and @ contirmation of Hausen’s | deduction, From these results he assigned, in 1863, a distance Oj 91,059,900 miles as the Mean dis- | tance of the earth from the suo, lo this metuod | 0! inVestigation We are indebted to Laplace, who deduced w value Of ine distauce, very little differ- | eut from Eucke’s resuits derived irom the transits ot Venus. | 1V-—~By an irreguiarity in the eartn’s motion, due .o her moving around the common centre of gravity of her own mass plus that of the moon, In a Jew days the success of the French and American p*rties ip Japan will be settled. Bota are juliy prepared and ready for the work; all else depends upon the weather. That result will be Known long belore tus reaches the Atlantic | States, De THE AMERICAN SUCCESS IN JAPAN—FIVE HOURS’ | LABOR UNDER PALPITATING CIRCUMSTANCES. NaGasskl, Dee, 12, 1874. The transit of Venus jor 1874 has become an event of the past. The night preceaing the great event was a beautiful one, but the morning opened | | cloudy, affording intervals, however, in the lower | stratum of clouds which enabled the party to get | their preparatory photographs, and at nine A. M. | | all the necessary instrumental measurements had | been finished, Again the clouds thickened; there | Was au upper stratum of cirrus aud cirro-stratus | thas cut off the heat rays of the sun and leit a | quiet, clear atmosphere, but the neavy cumulo- stratus clouds that came slowly from the south. | {| West toreooded rain. Just before tie first con- | tact the lower clouds partially broke and allowed | | the formation of a good image of the sun’s disk | the jens 1s thirty-eight iect tive inches, and at that | | distance the image or the sun is four and three- eighths inches in diameter. 1t gives pictures with sharp outiine under iair circumstances of weather. As the principal measures of the photography are lutepaed to determine tue distance and direction of the centre of the planet irom the centre of the sun during the progress o1 the transit, certain instrumental conditiens must exist. If deiective in a smal! degree the correction cap be deter- mined by reading the level with th: plumb line in two positivus, one wen a litte more than halt tue sun ts photographed, witn the reticulated piate in a direct position aud half of it screened, and then when in a reversed position, All the detatis or these instrumental errors and their determination have been juily studied out by the Commissioners, As itis doubtiui whetner the first coutact at ingress can be seen by the eve the photograph wili be used to determine, as nearly a8 pracuicanle, the tustant or contact. As icannot do so directly a series Ol rapid paoto- grapbs will be made irom tne computed time of contact for the next five minutes; tne time of each exposure will be noted on the cnronugrapa by electricity, and aiter the planet is wel. ad- vanced on the soir disk It 18 believed that by these mes and toe size of the segments of Venus’ limb the epoch of contact Can be derived directly by proportion, in practice tue party has taken ten vi Lhese in as Many seconds, Several metnods for executing this were tried. The ove adopted gave the most rapid work. REMARKABLE DeVICE OF A FRENCH ASTRONOMER. The Freuch party under Janssen bave great faitn in this metnod, and he hws periected a con- | trivance by whicd Be optains forty-eight pictures Of tue suu’s border at ingress in one minute, During tue progress 0: tue trausit, wich lasts four hours aud jorty-six minutes, it 1s e pe that the party will obtain, besides the rapid ones at Deginging and ending, not less than two hun- dred full sized protograpus of Venus’ position on the suu’s disk. It will be seea tuat the American Parties are iairly prepared to observe ail the Pwenomena of this tran-it by the photographic wMd astronomical methods; and tnis is the case generally witn all otner parties, But a still more | beautilul method wiil be esaayed by some of the pacties of other nations, and provaviy at by the Pekin. The means by which yer determined the epochs of totality in a sol liose with the spectioscope can probabiy be used here. It ts now weil estab- ushed that just outside the solar photosplic aud between chromosphere there is 4 stratum of solar atmosphere Which exhibits in the spectroscope tue raaiai, bright co lines or bands indicate the presence of giowing or laimibous vapors or gases. Tus Was Uirst discovered in 1870, duriug the total solar eclipse of that year, when the direct lignt of Americano party Jaussen and 1 | until about ten or fifteen seconds belore the actual contact, when they thickened and remained so | for about twenty-five seconds. When the vapors again rolied away the limo of the planet was seen udvanced aout ten seconds on the disk of the suo, | Thos the decisive Inoment at which the lirst ex. ternai contact took place could not be noted by the observers. When Venus’ western hem. | spoere lau just oeen projected on the solar | aisk, the neaveus cleared, aud the work of meas- | urement of the apparent distance between tie | pianet’s cusps Was commenced, ‘The critical in- | , Slant of the second contact Was clearly and accu- Tately neted, it being observable througa the hazy atmosphere. No lgamebt, band or black drop | Was observabie, yet a slight unsteadiess pre- | ) vailed, such as observers continually experience | iD geodetic work over long lines, and which any | One can see IM excess over a marsn in hot | weather, [nen followed measures of the separa- | ton Ol Ube limps othe planet and sane sun; tuen | the measures jor the diameter of Venus. | Alter the aking of 150 micrometer readings in | these Various operatious :he clouds thickenea and prevgnted 1urtuer operatious for some time Dur- | jug Tue comparat.veiy brigut period tue photo- | graphic operatious were carried on as rapidiy as | practicable; in act at the rate of Working not Jess than 400 could have been run olf. all these exposures were no.ed by the electric metaod on | | the chronograph. When the sun reacued tne | Meridian tuere was anvtver signt break in the allen clouds, and the Jimvs, both of tue sun and of Venus, were ovserved in tne coast survey Uransit Sent out for these measures, ‘The transit Of both libs Of the sun over titeen threaus of the | micrometer was observed, and of both limbs of | Venas over sixteen tnreads. With another transit instrument the diflerence of deciination between | toe sun’s upper limb aad the limws of Venus was | alsq measared. | From this me until ten minutes before two | o'clock other ubservations were made for the ae- | termination of tne diameter of the planet, aier | whicn period the luminary became totally ob- scured and continued so for nearly an hour. ‘Toward three o’clock a slight break took place in the intervening gloom, and With vicissitudes of light and darkuess the planet was onserved as she aavanced tovard the sun’s western limb. A wmouwents belore :he third contact several | Micrometric Measurements of the distance be- tween the limos were made. No ligament or blur Was visible; but the epucn of this contact could | not be noted, biaCk masses Of Vapor buving rolled between. Every co.ored glass Was dispensed with but the critical junction Was, nevertheless, not aiscernibie. Five seconds aiter 1t8 uccurrence a taint glimpse was caugnt ol the planev’s position; the micrometer as again brougut into requisi- UO, aud Blew More Meastiements of the line the plolusphere Was cut off by che tuterposin 2 Hoaylol tie moon. By proper Mstrum-ptal com | Joining the cusps were obtained With a darkening trvauces, snes brugit Tues cau besceaatany | SKY aNd threatening rain. Nos long aiterwurd | ume. Sv loug as these bright colored lines ar oie: dN cali se fa. a by prey Hines ar servers were wt au ead, Seen there Cau eXist nO IN'erposing body, bat the Instant their briguiness disappears, the observer knows that the limb ol asolid body, suci as tue planes Venus, has been inrerposed Getween tim IMPORTANCE OF TUE OBSERVATIONS AT JAPAN, ‘The resuits of the day’s work may thus be epit- | omized:—Phe secoud contact was weil observed; | anu tie border o1 the sum and at that iustansisim the first and turd were douowul. There were Apparent contact. The reappearance of these Obtained 150 micrometer readings jor the dis- DINENt jives On the sun's LM), as the outer limb of , Lances apart of the suQ’s Cusps, separation of the Coraws tpen the sin, aauounces (he ip- Planet’s limbs irom those oi tie sum aud n Venus has iully entered upon the sun’s OF the diameter of the planet, ~~ which Gjsk. Siuivar paewomena, im reverse order, will latter must tirow much light on the over at the time of the evress contact. several Guestion Of irradiation, ‘ibirty-one transits of diMecuities ubtrude themseives jor the accurate determination ol the Lrst ingress Contact, espe- clally that of Knowing eXaetiy at What polaton the sun’s limy the fir occurs, altaough the position can be computed with suMcient ac- curacy \or eye observat(ons; but it wiil be essayed, ne vertheiess, aud probably the reported ingenious adjustable ring s!it devised by Mr. Lockyer will GIVE Salisiactory results, We Cun judge irom the testa to which it has been submitted. At any rate the observation ul eXvernal contact at exress bv this metaod is very useiul a8 Supplementary to the two internal contacis; and by a eomparison of the times by the turce means—astrono..ical, graphic and spectroscupic—we shail deriv Valuavie aata by hick to uomologate the Of aii the Ovservers. it would hive been well to attempt this metnod in all the American parties; but the Commission did not place taith in its success. liaving given the means to be employed in this transit of Venus to determine the distance of the ea: tn irom the san, it may not be inappropriate to mention oriefiy other methods of solving the prob- tem. Even iu the prescat stute ci science they are jess trustworthy than the system of observing the e occur WILD almost dis- heartening rarity, Whereas relatively iujerior metnods, with accumulated observations sxiliully treated, have yielded more trastworthy resulis, PREVIOUS PLANS OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM. jy the parallax of Mars, ‘The paralax of Mars can be determined by ob- tions Hpen that planet at aud near opposi- om. kvery fliteen years this plapet is at its sbortest aistance from the suo, the same time that the earth is at its greatest discance there- tation to posed to ¢ where ist. & second stat amight be sup. In woe obser ions for tbis pur- boul limbs of Venus and the sun at the meridian, eighteen micrometer diferenes of decanation on the meridian, and Sixty good photographs with sharp outines and Venus well suown, were like- Wise 20 ed aud duiy registered. ‘Inere is no doubt | that good results Can be ootaiued irom th observaiions, anu it will be more than is expected, if all O(her parues are equaily successiul. fhere Was bo period oj the day uiterien A. M., when the sky Was cloudless; and the che! or tue party at- tributes lls €Xce lent Micrometric Measures to the | very existence ol the upper stratum of ligut clouds, | whicu gave @ jairly steady almosphere, During the evening the clouds separated jor avout iorty | minutes, curing Which excellent observations ior | ume were obtained to check the errors of the | chronometers. Bw} | THE TRANSIT IN TOKIO. Yokouasa, Dec, 21, 1874. | Of course the great event of the month bas been | the transit of Venus. No less than five foreign commissions have opserved it from some point in Japan. in Nagasaki there was an American Com- mission and @ German one, in Kobe a French one, in Hakodadi @ Russian one and in Yokohamaa | Mexican, Of course such an event, which had | Deen discussed in almost every newspaper in the | world, couid not fail to atiract attention among | the Japanese, and aithougn they were vot pre- | pared vo view it ip a manuer that woutd be of any | use to the scientilic Worid, several Japanese acholars Were sent by governinent to the diferent Among Loose very much interested from; aud moreover they are on the same line commissions. Wwita the sun, At vhese Uumes the planets ave oply 0 the greatevent oi the century was the tikedo 35,000,000 miles a, art. Lae provieu consists 1a himsel. He was very desious of ooserving the meastiring from two widely separated stations prevomencn and the elore requested Lieutenant on the earta the angle of Mars, suvtended oy the Murray 5, Day, United Sta‘es Navy, at pre-ent the | projections o. Mars in space from the two eartn | engineer in coarge of the survey ot the Isiand Stalivus. OF oLtaining tue same measnre from one Of Yesso, and who is in Jeddo for the earth station Whign is carried by the earth's ro- winter, 'o erect the necessary instruments in the Imperial palace grounds, Lieutenant Day did 0, explaining lo a iarge audience, Consisuug of pose certain “onditions are demanded thatneed toe kimperor and Empress ayd imperiai house- hot ve here expiained. a . iu general wold, Iwakar Sanjo ana ali the principal | explanation, tuat toe two carte stations, Mars officers, the di swenomena and the import. aod the stars to which tne p viens inspace ance of the observation in @ scientific point of are referred are ail im the same pian view. ‘Ihe Emperor expressea limseli highly But the jundamental condition is that pleased with Mr. Day’s lucid expianations and | distance from earth to Mars is seemed 'o have understood the witstrations. I Swall in Comparison with tne distance of Mars am inaeoved (o the courvesy of Mr. Day for tne tol. irom the stars that it i$ @0 Unineasurably small lowing memoranda of his Coservations:— quantity, 90 that the ovserver may be suvposed TRANSIV OF VENUS OBSERVATIONS, located on Mars. As 2 Mars lot to move in TOKIO, Dee. 9, 1874. } relation to tue earth, 10 observer atone earth — Observations made with portable astrovomical station measures we ar distance between transit No. 5, manuiactured vy Wardemanu, of a star near Mars and iet which coincides Washington. ‘Times ooserved with a Negus With te projection Of Murs in space. At the sidereas chronometer, No. 1,549, having @ dally rate ond earth station the observer measures a similar 01 0.48., gaining — quantity, aud the diference o1 these two ar First exterior contact, 6h. 66m. 518. Approxi- weasures Is the angle AL Mars Of tls prolection into tr space as seen Irom (ne two earth stations, Knowing irst Interior contact, Th, 23m, 28%. Very good, the distance apart of tne eurti’s stations and the Second itetior contact, lin, lam. 368, Very ovserved angie We readily derive the distance of good. is Mares trom the earth at that epoch. Them by | Kepler's third jaw we derive ail the otuer plane- | able, Toler: | M.S. DAY, Observer, Second exterior coutact, 11h. 42m. 05a. THE CENTENNIAL. What We May Achieve as a Republican Nation. EX-GOVERNOR BIGLER'S VIEWS. Progress of the Work in ‘the City of | Brotherly Love.” EXPECTATIONS BASED UPON THE BOUNTY OF CONGRESS A Financial Agency Established in New York City. In the HERALD of yesterday the announcement | was made that the Centennial Commission had at | last invaded our city, and, through its fnancial agent (ex-Governor Bigler, of Pennsylvania), had | opened an office at the St. Nicholas Hotel witn a | view of interesting loyal metropolitans in the | exhibition which ts to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the nation’s birth, Such | @n announcement, after all that has been said pro and con regarding the Centennial Celebration, | naturally justified a visit from @ representative | of @ journal that strives to record every event | occurring in those portions of the world where the types speak and the electric telegraph touches | the hearts of the millions who read and think. | ‘The writer yesterday sought the rooms of the | Centennial Commission, and found them to be }{ very modest quarters on the second floor of the | hotel. He was met by ex-Governor Bigler, who | was requested to permit himself to be interviewed | on matters ‘‘centennially interesting.” The | Governor, after hesitating a few moments, | sal I shall be nappy to give you apy infor- | mation in my power; but on what points do you | wish my views ?”” REPORTER—Oh, merely to state the gencral pros- pects of the venture. So much has been uttered | and written on the subject that Americans some- times forget the great unaertaking. I wish you would express your views generally. Governor BiGLeR—It 1s worthy of note that the first practical step taken in the way of the Cen- tenntal Celebration came trom THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF THIS CITY in 1870. In 1871 Congress commended the idea of celebrating the event that brought the American | | | i | | | Republic into existence, and passea laws regulat- | ing the management, These laws In their opera- tions are coextensive with the entire country, | leaving the States perfectly equal as to any dig- | nity or responsibility that might arise therefrom, except that it was to be located in Philadelpma. Every State in the Union is represented in the | management. Pennsylvania has acknowledged | the honor conferred upon her by providing | more than balf the capital required jor the prep- | arations. The city of Philadelphia asa corpora- | tion and the State paid $2,500,000 toward erecting the buildings, because under the State constitu- tio& neither could invest in the stock of a corpora- tion. rhe people and ratiroad companies sub- scribed over $2,000,000 in addition. The buildings, except the agricuitural department, which can be erected in a few months, are all under contract. | REPORTER—Uan you give me statistics as to the | Progress of these buildings? | Governor BiGLER—Yes. The Art Gallery, cover- | ing an area of two acres, the materials of which | are brick, gramte. iron and glass, 1s perfectly fire- | proof, and is contracted for at $1,200,000, and, with Grainage, heating, &c., will cost about $1,499,000, About $1,500,000 has been appropriated by tue city | of Philadelphia and che State. | THE MACHINERY HALL | is to be @ building coveriny about iourteen acres, | and its construction hus beeu contracted tor at $575,000, This is provided tor by an approprianon of the city alone. Itisto be completed Octover 1, 1875, under heavy penalties, and it is now in proce-s 01 construction, The Conservatory covers about two acres, is contracted jor at $260,000 and | 18 to be compieted October 1, 1875, ‘This is aiso | provided tor by the city of Philadelphia, THE MAIN EXIIDITION BUILDING covers about twenty dcres and has been under contract for six months at $1,500,000, and is to be finished the latter part of December, 1875. The foundations are already made, and are ready to receive the columus, Tue work of erecting the structure, which is to be of iron and giass, will begin in the early spring, the manuiacturers of the material being cunfideut that they can nave it allready by Aprill. The meaus jor the erection of this structure are to come irom the sale of stock and other sources. Tne subscriptions already made to siock exceed $2,000,000, a considerabie | portion of which has already been expended in in- cidenial things. THE AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT will cover @ Space Oi tem acres, and cost about | $275,000, and the work oo this will begin in the | Spripg end can Onished in three or four | months. | estimate the probable cost of water, | gas, drainage, sewerage, &c., at about $1,000,000, ReEroRTER—Governor, let me ask aquesuon, [ i believe that Mr. Goshorn, of Ohio, 18 the Director ueneral, What has le asked from Congress ior thas purpose ? Governor BIGLER—He does not ask for an appro- | priation (esitating), Having gone to the extent Of $5,000,000 in raiging capitel the directors have determined to reserve to the people, as individ: ) Uals, tne glory of having raised mapy milions to commemorate with fitting ceremonies the events that brougnt our Repubdiic .into existence, and the Centennial Department estabussed in this city 18 expected w play an important rt in raising the balance oi the capital What the Director General would press upon the favoravie attention o1 Congress are certain specific tiungs with which the government. is specially identitied, For instance, by the express terms vi the law al! the proposed ceremonies are to be cond aun der the auspices of tie government of the United dtates, It is maintained, therelore, that the gov- ernment ought to juruish toe police guard jor the SIX months that tue Exhioition wilt be open, thatit | May have a airect Care over tue order and dignity vl the proceedings, Besides, for the outer guards, soldiers or marines could be used, and thus the cost tothe government tor guarding wouid be sight, insteaa of compelling the city to bear this expense, It is maintained, als: that the goverumens should provide tor the pre- miuis in whatever shape they may be, because | Ule EXpipition is international, aud any token of | awaru, irom a mere Corporation in the hanus of | @ loveign exhibitor, Would sink below the dignity | and courtesy extended to American exhipitors in | burope, ior (he awards, in every instance, came | directly from the government. itis, thereiore, — | THE DUTY OF THE GOVERNMENT | to do what the corporation nas not tne power to do properly, The jaws of Congress require the | certificate to be designed and executed in the Treasury Depadriment. thus exciuding all com- petitors, itis, therefore, main/ained tnat the gov- ernment ought to supply certitcates ; $0 ai80 as to the manuiacture of thé medals in the Mint, for it 18 douvtiul whether the expenses oi tue Mint will be increased fo the slightest exteut, ‘The Centeuutal managers think also that, as the law jorbids compensation to ive Commissioners, Congiess migit properly provide ior tne individual expenses of Wiese genticmen, Who are oviiged annualiy to gather at Philadelphia irom every Staie in the Union. To this extent ouly do the Commission and Financial Secretary look to Con. | Kies sor aid. | Rerorrer—And, Governor, what would this in- voive in the form of an appiopriation irom Con- | on | Governor BiGLEs—I cannot tell. Probably the expenditure oO! irom $809,000 to $900,000, KerorTer—How extensive is the organization for raising woney? | Govervor BIGLER—it extends through all the States, except those of tne South, and in ail tue States jactities ior subseribing to stock or con- | triouting are jurnished, The managers think it a | auty to present to the citizens o1 the entire coun: | try ab opportunity o1 participating in the giorious work. by the use of the emblematic medals that parneipation may ve trom $1 up to ao indefinite | sum. | ReportzR—Embiematic medais, What are they, | Governor? | Governor BiGLeR—That 18 a matter that will | take two long to expiain, ‘The usnal jorm in the diflerent cities 18 the selection of A COMMITTEE OF PROMINENT CITIZENS, who designate Canvassers to visit every house With subscription 000ks, &¢. Reronrek—Wuat stock las been taken tn the various States? Governor BIGLER—About $2,200,000 bas been in- dividnally taken 10 the various Stutes, I recerved yesterday four subscriptions in cms city aggre- gating $6,000. | Rerorren—In conciusion, Governor, may 1 ask | What importance do you attacn to this grand Ex. | hiviion a8 @ Means of extending une tame and making Known Co the world tue internal wealta of | our country ? | Governor BIGLER—Of the vast influence a suc- | cesstul exibition can uave upon the progress and development of a nation toe Loadou Exbibition + of 1851 is a Most remarkable example, THE LONG PEACK SUCCEE)ING WATERLOO had brought vo Great Britain great material | energy and powes, | great stock-taking, | we done in tms hundred years? prosperity, The ™ Teceived remarkable expansion, railroads bad id the spirit Plise and speculation; that pertains to the cultivation of art and the diffusion o1 culture and education among tae masses Eng- laud bad remained almost where she was at the beginning of the century, How far she was lag- ging bebind im the great march of European progress the exibition of 1851 only made mant- Jest. Viewing the assembled wealth of she saw her weakness, and, said. to her honor, knew how to take the iessons to heart, From the seeds of knowledge sown in 1851 date the museums, the hails of art and science, tne tecinical schools for the eaueation of working men, which now are busy teaching the youtn the proper development of their natural abilities, preparing them to grap- ple with the strong armor knowledge, with the demands of their age and country. ADd the coun- try itseit has grown, The love of art, of the high, the beau lil, has been developed, and to-day Eng- land stands as one of the great emporiums of the world in all that relates to the production ot the beautiiul a8 well ag the usetul. Tne awakening of 1851 has developed educa- tion, the spirit of inquiry, competition, new industries, new opportunities, From tne French exhibition 01 1852, too, dates the extraor- dinary material progress of rrance, There as- sembled together the wonderful resources of the jand, Men became conscious of unsuspected Wealth, They could compare their aavantages with those Of other nations, and manuiactures grew apace. Internal improvements became ne- cessary, for men could at a glance jearn and see how they had become necessary. New channels or commerce, of art, of manulactnres, were created; new mines were opened; new industries were called forth, From tuese first exhibitions others have growa, mightier and more compre- aan anagem rae the or new enter- A NEW LITERATURE HAS been developed, and European Powers have com- pared again and again—nave so thoroughly com- peted with each over, have so studied the re- sources, the opportunities, the strength and Weaknesses of each ovner, that to-day civilized Europe stanas almost as a compact whole—a tand where only the diferences of language mark the boundaries of mdividval industrial progress. Even in our own land the wave of culture and education produced by the great competitive arc conpcourses Of Nations Nas done and is dolug its work, Look around and see the advance made in the last twenty years im the art-knowiedge and love of the beautitul of our people. Before the great exnibitions art, pictures, tne thousands of little and unnoticed trifles which add so moch to the comiort and happiness of the poor and lowly—of the struggling, work- ing masses—were unknown, The enjoyment ot the beautiful was a privilege of wealtn alone; art Was aristocratic, while exhibitions, being the work ot the people, are democratic, aud thus, cultivat- ing, educating the people, art has becowe demo- cratic. ‘The great struggle of modern civilization 18 Dot to debase and drag down the educated and wealthy, but to enlighten and cultivate the poor and lowly, Tse proviem of our age and country is to so elevate and enlighten our people that they may know their strength and see the proper means to apply it. AMERICAN PROSPERITY MEANS INTERCOURSE, knowledge, circulation, the proper difusion of and what man, American though he be, can have More than a faint and ins definite idea ot the resources and opportuntties of this our own country? Never yet, so rapid, 80 im- mense has been the development ot our land, have wo known our true status, and now, in one hundred years Irom our birth as a nation, we propose doing that which wise dusiness men do yearly—have our Here we will assemble tne ideas, the faventions, the grains and fruits, the minerals and ores, tne machinery and tools of our great country. Here will we gather together the workman {from nis bench, the Jarmer from his plough, the merchant, the manufacturer, ricn and poor, youug and old, and let them judge tor them- Selves of their national wealth and greatness— let them see and ponder over the mighty gitts which God has given us, as weil as on the work which our teemlog millions have consummated. Our people will see in What we are strong, in what we are weak. Competition, that great lever of modern progress, wiil grow with tenfola force, and he who believes not that bis countryman returning !1om tins great world’s competitive ex- amination will not strive and struggle with new jufe and energy, new pride and lortitude, must needs despair of his time and nation, What nave Can you, orl, or any one, answer? in politics, in humanity, in population, yes; butin industry, in development, Who can bring home, not to Americans alone, put to the worid, the story of our work? No book can contain it, no words describe it; but, like tne wise old nations, who pigrnens, their histories on stone walis, in sculpture and painting, we can show what we have done, so that he who runs may read, and succeeding centuries may woncer, as to-day the world will wonder, at this story of a hundred years of faitn and work. Americaus, seeing What has been done, will be quickened to new endeavor. Fride, interest, knowledge ol op- portunity will combine. She people, permeated wita the Knowledge of What 18 possible, will strug- gie and strive to attain it, Schools, museums, Jaboratories, manutaccories will grow. the Old World seeing and knowing the blessings Of opportunity which hover over a land so graced with matertai greatness—wil! pring their offerings of men and mouey. Emigration will grow auew, capital wiil flow Jorward to develop our mines and prairies, the Dres of THOUSANDS OF FACTORIES WILL BE LIGHTED. It needs but this unification, this gatnering of our forces, cis mighty congregation of our nation, this exhibition of our country’s joy, fittingly rep- resented by our people’s work, — the key- one of our arch of greatness. ho, When we bave assembied the result of but one hundred years of toil aud progress, will gainsay to us the Proud ttle of tne greatest nation that 18 to be ? THE IMPASSABLE STREETS. To THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD:— The Police Street Cleaning Department receives $800,000 per aunum ‘or cleaning the streets. It has done next to nothing since the last storm, Is Hens no way of compelling 1t to @ performance of 3 duty? The gutters aro tiled with ice, and the side- waiks are like skating ponds. What wholesale roobery must be going on! Stop this frand it dad can. TAXPSYE MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. MARRIED, Gartuwarre—Hart.—In Brooklyn, January 28, by Rev. Dr. Duryea, at the residence of the bride’s parents, HARRY A. GaRTHWAITE, to Ettigz LOvIsg, daughter oi Unarles and Estner Mart, LITTLE—GREEN.—ON the 28th inst., at the resi- | dence oj the bride's parents, by the Rev. Heber K. Newton, assisted by the Rev. James A. Littie, ANDREW Lire to LAURA M., eldest daughter of Joon E, Green. La Kochr—) On Wednesday, January 27, by Rev. Mr. Mansfield, at the residence of the bride's parents, Spring Vailey, N. Y., WILLIAM 4. La Rocne, ot Closter, N. J., to ELLA, daughter of Edwin Marks, Esq., of the ‘ormer piace. RICHARDSON—BAKER.—On Weduesday, January 27, at St. Bartholomew's church, by the Rev. Samuel Cooke, D. D., THOMAS CHESLEY RicHanD- BON to EMMA M., daughter of Peter C. Baker, Esy., all of this city. ‘RIPLER—DAvis.—On Thursday, January 28, 1875, at St. Michoel’s churen, by the Rev. pr. Osgood, CHARLES E, TRIPLE to ISABEL S. Davis, all ot New York. WILLTAMSON—BROSLE.—On Monday, January 25, at Port Richmond, 8. L, oy the Rev, S. G. Smitn, Groaae D, WILLIAMSON to LOTTILLA E, BROSLE. No cards, ALLEN.—On Tharsday evening, January 28, 1875, ANDREW ALLEN, in the 6ith year of lis age, Relatives and fiends of the family are respect- fuily tnvited to attend the funeral, on Sunday, January 31, atone P. M., from his late residence, 273 West Fifty-second street. BENN.—On January 20, Kare, wife of Isaac Benn, in the 53d year 0! her age, The funeral will take place from her late resi- dence, No. 255 Ninth avenue, on January 31, at haltpast one o'clock. Kelatives and triends of the iamily are respectfaily invited to attena, Brewer.—On Wednesday, January 27, SOLOMON K., beloved son of Mary J. and the late Nelson Brewer, aged 29 years, 10 months and 13 days. Relatives and iriends of vhe lamuy, also mem- bers o1 the Granercy Boat Club, dre respectiully invited io attend the funeral, from bis late resi- dence, No, 265 West Twenty-sixtn street, at ten o'clock, on Sunday, 31st inst. The remains will be taken to Tarrytown for interment. BuarNeTr.—At Eizabeth, N. J.. on Friday, Jan. uary 29, SUSAN BADEAU BURNETT, in the S9th year of her age. Notice of iuneral to-morrow. Castow.—On Thu BEVH CasHow, aged 74 years, 4 months and 18 days. Relatives and iriends of toe Jamily are respect- fully invited to atrena the funeral, from the resi- denee ot her daughter, No. 98 Union place, Green- point, on Sunday, the sist inst, at tWo o'clock Y ADSEY.—At Decatur, Iil., yesterday, January 49, 1875, Mis@ SARAH LOUISA CHADSEY, daughter of Dr A. J, Chadsey, of this city, aged 18 years and month CroLivs.—Suddenly, on January 28, Gzorce A. CROLIVS, In the sth year of bis age. * Relatives, friends and members of the Unitea 4 Traue Association of Journeymen Satimakers are | respectiuly invited to attend the funeral, from his late residence, 41 Suljivan street, on Sunday, January 31, at one o'clock P. M. CROS8MAN. Suddenly, on the 20th inst., of mem- branous croup, BLANCHE EVA, youngest child of Wilham H. and Chariotte B, Crossman, Notice of the inueral hereater, De Kopper.—on Lf vursday, January 28, 1875, JAMES F. DE RUboER, aged 54 years, Fhe reiatives ana iriends are invited to attend | the juneral, on Saturday, Januar; o'clock P. M., from iis late rest aventie, DovGLass.—In London, England, on the 17th of Degember inst, U. U. DOUGLASS, of the city of New York. Faneral services at Detroit, Mich. 89, 1875, at two DREYER. —[n this city, January 20, 1875, after a short iliness, Kpwao Dreyer, of Bremen, Ger- | many. Ke! fuily invited to attend the funeral, from St. Paul’ Lutheraa church, corner Sixth avenue and Kit. jufactories had Nations— | lay, January 28, Mrs. Eviza- | | | i i { teenth street, on Sunday, at one o’ciock ‘without further invitation. PM, DNscomB.—On Wednesday, January 27, CHARLES S. Dunscoms, aged 46 years, The reiatives and iriends of the family are in- vited to attend bis funeral, from his late rest dence, at Peekskill, N. Y..on Saturday, at one hy M. | ‘Trains leave Grand Central Depot at 9 and ENGLAND.—On Friday, January 29, after two days’ illness, of diphtheria, CLara, aged 4 years and 9 monrhs, the beloved daugnter of James and aaa aed 4 ds of the famil, elatives and friends of the are invited to atiepd tne fuveral, irom the Tesidence of het parents, No. 315 West Fourteeuth street, thin day eaearany). January 30, at hall-past two o'clock Forman.—{n Brooklyn, on Friday, January Sele Joan A. FORMAN, 10 the 66tn year ot Relatives and friends are respectfnily iavited to attend nis funeral, on Sunday, January 31, at haif past one, irom the Franklin avenue Presbyterian churea, Rey. 8. P. Halsey, pastor. Edinourgh (scotland) papers piease copy. FREEL.—January 29, 1375, in Brooklyn, only ehtid of Edward and Julia Freel, aged 4 months and 15 days. Funeral at two o’clock on Sunday, 81st inst. froma Kossuth place to Cemetery of the Holy ross. FREEMAN.—At Ravenswood, L, 1, Janu of pneumonia, Masia P. FREEMAN, daughter of the late Pnineas Freeman, Relatives and friends are respectfully invited to atrend the funeral, from the residence of her brother, John G, Freeman, on Saturday, the 30th pad attwoP,M. Carriages at Hunter’s Point GAlLaGHER.—In brooklyn, on January 29, BRID- Get, beloved wile of Joho Gallagher, in the 50th year of her age, ‘The relatives and friends of the family are re spectiully mvited to attend the funeral, from her late residence, No, 164 Butler street, on Sunday, January 31, at hall-past two o’cluck, without tur wirAbt,Ou Thasaday, 21 FANNIE, MART.—On Thugsday, 27th inst., Fas daugh: ter of Henry E. Harte, i Sef Funeral from 453 West Seventy-first street, on Sunday morning, at hal!-past ntne o'clock. ALICE, lyear, HaxtNerr.—On Jannary 28, DaNgeL Harti aged 64 years, ‘The deceased was@ native of larney, county Kerry, Ireland. Relatives and friends of the family are respect fully imvited to atteud the funeral, on Sunday neXt, at one o’clock, prompt, from nis late resis dence, No, 128 Beekman street. HILDBRBRANDT.—On ‘Thorsday, January 28, CHRISTOPHER HILDERBRANDT, at his resident cornge of Hutton street and Sandford place, age years. Kelatives and friends are invited to attend the funer i iat two o’ciock, on Sunday, without ture ce, HoRTON.—At White Plains, on Thursday, Janu. ary 23, SARAH, wife of Joshua Horton, in the 77th year of her age. Relatives and irtends of the family are respect- fully invited to attend the tuneral, from her late residence, on Sunday, at two o'clock. Carriages will be in waiting on arrival of uine A. M. tram from Forty-second street. morning, serualy, 23, Jupen.—On Thursday HENRY JUDGE, in the 31st year ot his ag ‘The funeral will take place irom his late reste dence, No, 508 East Seventeenth stréet, on Sature day, January 30, at one o’clock P.M. Relatives and friends are respectfully: invited to attend. KEoGH.—On Thursday evening JOHN KEOGH, county Cavan, Ireland, Funeral from bis late resigenco, No. 266 West Thirty-fourtn street, Sunday at one o'clock. LIVERMORE.—Suddenly, on Thursday morning, ROBERT, youngest sou o! W. F. and Jane H. Livers more, aged 6 months and 3 days, Relatives and triends are tmvited to attend the funera!, irom the residence of his parents, No, 925 Madison avenue, on Saturday, at one o'clock. Luptow.—On Thursday, January 28, Mary P, peek wiaow of the late Robert 0, ‘Ludiow, of 18 City. The irtends of the family are invited to attend the funeral, from her late residence, No. 39 West Fourteenta street, on Saturday, January 30, at hau-past ten A. M. Charleston (S. C.) papers please copy, Mureuy.—On Friday, the 29th, MICHARL MurpEy, @ native ot Limerick, Ireland, in the 77th year of age. z The triends of the family are respeottully invited to attend the tuneral, on Sunday, at half-past one o'clock, from the residence of bis son-in-law, Thomas Aolahan, No, Hudson street, NasiH.—in Brooklyn, on January 27, 1875, suds denly, at his residence, 206 Dean street, D. D. NASH, in the 64th year or his age. Relatives and friends are respecttully invited to atiend the funeral, at two o’clock, on Saturday. O’Beign.—On Thursday, January 28, at five o’clock A. M., WILLIAM OC, O'BRIEN, aged 38 years, 10 months and 16 days. ‘The relatives and friends of the family and those of his father-in-law, Lawrence R. Kerr, Esq.; also members of the various associations to which the deceased belonged, are invited to attend tne funeral, from bis late residence, 455 Second ave- nue, on Monday morning, February 1, at hali-past nine o’clock. The remains will be conveyed to the Church of the Epiphany, Twenty-first street and second avenue, where @ solemn mass of re- quiem Will be offered for the repose of his soul; thence to Calvary Cemetery. PaTERsON.—OD Friday morning, January 29, at his residence, No. 99 Carlton avenue, Brooklyn, JOHN PATERSON, In the 42d year of his age. The trienas of the jamily, also the members of Charter Oak Lodge, No. 249, F. and A. M.;_ Even- » KA. M.; Olive Branch ing star Chapter, No. Chapter, No. 6, Rose Croix; members of the Fitty- . 8. Voiuateers, and Rankin Post, No, 10, G. A. R., are respectally invited to attend the luneral, irom his lace residence, on Sunday, Jan- uary 31, at two o’clock P, M. REYNOLDS.—On Friday, January 29, WILLIAM HL. REYNOLDS, tn the 28tn year ot his age. Relatives and triends of the family, also mem. bers of Ainaranthns Lodge, No. 352, I. 0. of 0. F., are invited to attend the Juneral, on Sunday aiter- noon, 31st inst. at ture o'clock, from nis late resi- denc:, No, 322 West Eighteenth street. AMARANTHUS LODGE, No. 125, 1. 0. OF O, Fim BRETHREN—You are requested to meet at No. 329 West kighteenth cre ae Sanday January 31, 1875, at Curee o'clock P. M., to pay the last tribute of respect to our wortay Brother W. Reynolds, A. RUMLBR, N. G. RIDER.—At Greenpoint, on Wednesday, January 27, ISABELLA, toe beloved wile of James P. Rider, in the 85th year or her age. The triends of the family and those of her grand- son-in-law, Mr. T. McGoey, are respectiully invited to attend the tuncral,"irom the residence of her s0n-in-law, Mr. J. Giles, NO, 192 West street. Her remains will be taken to St. Anthpny’s churca, on | 1 | | i nce, 845 Sixth | tives and friends of the family are respeet- | two vo" Sunday, at one o’clock P. M.; from thence to the Cemetery of the Holy Cross tor interment. Roserrs.—In London, England, on the 13th of Decemoper last, CAROLINE D., wife of Marshall 0. Roberts, of the city of New York. elatives and friends of the family are respect- fully mvited to attend the funeral, trom the Uni- versity place church (Rev. Dr, Booth’s), corner of University place and Tenth street, on Saturday, 80\h inst., at two o’ciock P. M. Rock Wet! On Thursday moroing, January 28, PHINEAS LOUNSBURY, twin son of Joet L. and Anna E. Kockwell, aged 9 months and 24 days, Friends ave invited to attend the funeral, from the residence of mis parents, Soutn Norwalk, Conh,, at halt-past eleven A. M., Saturday, Janu- $7 ie On arrival of the ten o’ciock train (rom New Ork. Rosé.—At Flushing, L. I, on Thursday, January 28, JOHN CONRAD Rosé, son of C, William and José- phine Kose, aged 9 years and 18 days. Friends are invited to attend tne funeral on Saturday, January 30, at three o'clock P. M., [rom the residence ol his parents, on Parsous avenue, Rovecuz.—On Friday, January 20, PETER ROUECHE, aged 52 years, His rejatives ana irends are respectfully invited to attend the .uneral, ‘rom the residence of Mr. P, Cayot, No. 69 Marion street, on Sunday, January 31, at One o'clock. Interred ws Calvary Cemetery, RUSSELL.—At 206 Kim street, Newark, N. J., on January 23, JAMES, youngest son 01 Grace and the late William Russell, in the 22d year o: Nis age. The triends ot the fawily and O1 his uncle, thomas Russell, are respectiully invited to attend the juneral services, at bis late residence as above, on Monday, bruary 1, at two o'clock. SAWY! In Brooklyn, January 29, 1875, of com suinption, ROSWELL HOPKINS SAWYER, 1n the 72d year of his age. Notice of janeral hereafter, Stars, —On Friday, January 20, MICHAEL Stans, @ native of the parisn of Cappagao, county Tyrone, ireland, in bis 618 year, ‘The relatives and friends of the family and those of his brother Francis are most respectiully invited to atiend the funeral, Irom ms late residence, 36¢ West fwenty-filta street, on Sunday, January 31, , at one o'clock; thence to Calvary Cemetery ior in terment, SreeLe.—In Jersey City, January 29, of pnous Monta, GEORGE L. STEELE, tn the 55th year of his anne friends of the family are respectfully in- vited to attend the funeral, {rom the First Univer. salist church, near Library Hall, Bergen, Sunday (to-Murrow) aiternoon, at three o’ciock. The remains wil be taken to New Berlin, Chenango county, for interment, STODDART.—At San Francisco, Cal, January 26, 1875, Davip SToppart, born at Fairnie Hill, Linlithgowsnire, Scotland, Uctober 5, 1832 WEbsEK.—Un Tuesday, January 26, 1875, Isaac Wenser, oniy son of Louisa and tue late Isaac Weboer, aged 29 years, The relauves and friends of the family, the Members ol Evangelist Lodge, F, und A, M., and the members of Metropolitan Lodge, I. 0. of O. F. are respectiuily invited to attend the funeral, at the Universalist church, corner of Bleecker and Downing streets, on Sanday aiternoon, at one o'clock P. M. ‘ The members of Metropolitan Lodge, No, 1. 0, 0. F., are hereby summoned to attend at the Jodge room, 501 Hudson street, on Sunday, January 31, 1875, to pay the last tribute of respect to Brother Isaac Webber. Be punctual at eleven o’ciock A, M. sharp. CHAS. M. WINES, N. G, Joun 8, Secretary. Wisnen.—On Friday, January 29, Josep H., only nH Of Jonn and blizabeta Wisner, aged 25 years, % months and 15 days. Funeral services will be held in the Sixteenth | Streetn Baptist church, on Saturday, January 30, ateight P.M. The remains wiil be interred af Pleasantville, N, Y., on Sanday, Wrigur.—in Brooklyn, on Friday, 29th inst, Mra, JULIA EK, Wriott, the wie of Wesley Wright, in the oun yeur of her age, ‘The tune; al will take place Irom her late residence, | 920 AUanuic avenue, on Tuesday, February 2, ag lock, ‘The relatives and iriends of the jamily are respectiully invited to atiend woe Juneri