The New York Herald Newspaper, January 29, 1875, Page 4

4 NEW YORK HERALD AND ANN STREET. BROADWAY JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.—On and after January 1, 1875, the daily and weekly editions of the New Yorn Hznmarp will be pent free of postage. THE DAILY HERALD, published every day in the year. Four cents per copy. An- nual subscription price $12 All business or news letters and telegraphic despatches must be addressed Naw Youx Harmar. Rejected communications will not be re- turned. Letters and packages should be properly sealed. LONDON OFFICE OF THE NEW YORE HERALD—NO. 46 FLEET STREET. Bubscriptions and advertisements will be received and forwarded on the same terms as in New York. VOLUME XL.- seeeeNO. 29 AMUSEMENTS TO-NIGHT. TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, Fo yal Bowery. .—VABIETY, at 8 P. M.; closes at 10:45 FIFTH AVENUE THEA’ fwenty-eighth street and eee ATHOMBN OF THE DAY, at Br. M.; closes at 10:30 P.M. Mr. Lewis, Miss Davenport, Miss Jewett. ACADEMY OF MUSI Bags nth street.—Englisn Opera iss Louise Kellogg, Mrs. Van BRYANT'S OPERA HOUSE, f near Sixth avenue—NEGRO eee avs Pei; closes at 10 FM. Dan ONOM, at SF. West Twen MLNSTRE, Bryant i Pane zERatER, ween Twi and pte ake ey SoudewLe tit FILLE BE bas IN 3 ANGOT, at 8 P. M.; closes at 10:45 P.M. GERMANIA THEATR! Fourteenth street —DEB SAnWINIANER, acSP.M; closes at 10:45 Pryptves--taonpas DOWN at BP. M.; closes at 105 eee THEATRE, Stet Second and Third svennes— ater. M. per closes ail F. x. po Igy lg MINSTRE! Breas C4 Twenty-ninth itech NEGRO ERSTRELSY, at P.M.; closes at 10 P.M. EOBINSON HALL, street.—BEGONE DULL CARB, at SP. M.; Closes atlas Fei. Mr. Maceabe. THEATBE, Broadway.—VARIETY. PROP. M.; clores at 1020 P. M. WALLACK’S THEATI! Broadway.—THE AGGHRAON. at BP. ML; closes at war, Mr. Boucicault. BROOKLYN THEATR! t.—PYGMALION TxB SALATEA, at | Washington stree SP. M.; closes at 10::5 P. M. Miss Carlotta Lecie: WooD’s MUSEUM, Broadway, corner ot Thirtieth street—JACK SHEP- PARD, at3 P.M. JACK HARKAWAY, at 8 P. M.; closes at 1045 P. M. i. Foster. ETROPOLITAN THEATRE, ™M } roe 585 Broadway.—VARIETY, at§ P. M.; closes at 10:90 | NEW YORE STADT Lng pg w—=-LE PART DU DIABLB, at 6 P. ¢ Closes at .M. Miss Lina Mayr. OLYMPIC THEATRI Sa Broadway.—VARIETY, at8 P. iv, Pris + closes at 1045 Rae Poet get i if Twen firite’ WwLY maa mit "SERIOUS Seine cm "SP. M.; closes at 10:30". &. Mr. Rowe, Mr. F. R. Wi STEINWAY HALL, Lecture—AMERICAN POLAK E: EXPEDITION, at 8 P.M THEATRE E COM Fo, 14 Broadway. ORARIETY, at 8%. At; closes at 10:8 | BRUOKLYN PARK THEATRE, DONALD McKAY, at 8 ¥. M.; closes at 10:65 P.M Oliver Doad Byron ROMAN HT HIPPODROME, ‘Twenty-sixth street ant Fourth avenue.-—-Afternoon and evening, at 2and & W ITH SUPPLEMENT. _XEW YORK, _ FRIDAY. JANUARY 20, "1873, ore our res this morning the probabilities are that the weather to-day will be cloudy, with rain or snow. Wart Street Yesrerpay was without fea- ture, except in a further advance of gold to 113}. Stocks were steady and unexcited. Money easy at recent rates. Foreign ex- change firm. ‘Tne Optntons expressed by newspapers and public men abont Mr. Johnson's election to the United States Senate, which will be found elsewhere, are as various as they are Interesting. Some of them are startlingly blunt, and seem toshow that under excite- ment even statesmen can become astonishingly frank. Dreatuenm.—Owing to the want of proper sanitary precautions diphtheria is spreading with alarming rapidity. Several eminent doctors of the east side have issued a protest against tho ill-ventilated schools and filthy street cars which, it is claimed, are the great | disseminators of this fatal disease. Can the | sity authorities do nothing to remedy the evils | pointed out by the doctors ? Mayor Wicxsas, in a» message to the Com- mon Council, recommends the appointment of a special committee of that body to repre- sent the city of Now York before the State Legislature or any of its committees having in charge measures relating to assessment and taxation. This is a very desirable and proper precaution. The city of New York, which pays more than half the State tax, has no rep- resentative on the Board of State Assessors, and that Board has indicated its desire to im- | pose a still heavier share of the burden upon this end of the State. The valuation here is slready much higher than in any other por- tion of the State, and cannot be increased without doing gross injustice to the property owners. ‘We should Jook after our own inter- ests in these important matters, and the Alder- men should appoint a committee competent to perform the task. Tne Epvcationa, Battie is being fought, and by our neighbors in New Brunswick with tifle and cannon. The Frenchmen of Cara- qmet, it appears, object to being taught their ilphabet according to the government ideas of education. They are even inclined to resist the moral of the schoolmaster with shotguns. But progress must in the end iumph. The schoolmasters make good their ground, not with the traditional birch rod, but with artillery. These new edu- tational monitors will, if necessary, speak to the benighted Frenchmen with crushing force. And yet some people refuse to put faith in progress. NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 1875.-WITH SUPPLEMENT, His Exceliency’s Great Opportunity. The longer we consider the impor tant question of General Grant's resigna- tion of the Presidency the more fas- cinating it appears to us in its har- mony with his own circumstances and those of the country. Thinking of that letter of resignation, which would give such univer- sal delight to the people, we say to ourselves, slightly altering the words in which Milton makes Adam address Eve in Paradise: — Of this revideriate 3 We forget all time; All seasons and their change, ali please alike. And yet, seeing how day aiter day His Excel- lency puts off that stepping down and out which, as we have repeatedly assured him, and as we cannot doubt he knows, would be the most popular act of his life, we are tempted to exclaim: — Look round the babitable world; how few Know their own good, or, knowing it, pursue. It is pitiful to see a man hesitating to do that which is so certain to crown him with ap- plause and holding fast to power at the daily expense of his reputation, and we cannot re- mst the impnise which once more bids us to represent to His Excellency the critical situa- tion in which he stands. In the first place, and to begin with himself, as he usually does, we observe that His Excellency has by time found comfortable places for all ly all his needy relatives and friends. has acquired a pretty, or, in- deed, w is intimates belie him, a large, forvane in the White House. He has had, on the whole, a very good time, with a great many more heavy dinners than at one time of his life he dared look forward to, Throw in the fact that he has entertained s king, and General Grant would, doubtless, confess, if he were asked, that, he has made a very suc- cessful career. One of the most marvellous things about him is the constancy with which Fortune, the fickle dame, sticks to him. He has been literally pelted with good luck; there has been nothing like it since Marlborough, that great commander, who was called the most fortunate and the most greedy of mankind. And now, at the very close of his career, she remains faithful to him, and, indeed, she seems to have reserved her greatest, her most precious, favor for her last. Not Pittsburg Landirg, not Cold Harbor, not the blunders of Pemberton nor the incapacity of Halleck, not the mulishness of Andy Johnson nor the folly of republican managers, nor the greater folly of the Cincinnati men who nominated Greeley or of the democrats who accepted the nomination—not all these favors of Fortune, which gradually raised His Excellency, without conspicuous abilities, with but slender educa- tion, with the most astonishing and absolute ignorance of civil affairs, with 8 curious con- tempt for constitutional limitations and for the law, with an almost incredible incapacity to | learn even the rudimental principles of civil | government, from an obscure adventurer to be President, and to a second termin that | office—not all these favors of: Fortune to- | gether compare with the opportunity she now holds out to him with her most fascinating smile. We allude, of course, to his magnificent op- | portunity to leave publio life by resigning the | Presidency. In the first place, as everybody sees, it | would be absolutely the most universally ap- | plauded act of his life. It would make him | at once, as we have before pointed out, the most popular man in the country. It will be said, indeed, of His Excellency, when he has | resigned, that nothing in all his career fitted him so well as the leaving of it, We need not tell him, of course, that he would confer an inestimable benefit on his country by resign- ing. He is not so du!l as not to understand | that. But consider only some of the other elements of the problem. | terers who still whisper to His Excellency | hopes of a third term; but we should despair | of General Grant if we thought it necessary to | repeat to him our often and faithfully given | warning—that the American people do not favor o third term. revolutionary and disgraceful means; by | acts which would make his name odi- ous, not in this country alone, but all over the world. Before he can be | re-elected he must stifle the voice of, the | peoplo and confuse public sentiment and prostrate the country in all its interests, cithe> | by a needless war or by a desperate and criminal | attack upon the people’s liberties. Whenever Casey and Horrington and Conkling and Wil- liams and Shepherd whisper third term in his | | ear we beg His Excellency to put them to the test ; let him ask them whether it is the act of friends to advise him to perpetuate the power | by which they gain profit and security at so ruinous an expense to his reputation? We will not promise that they shall blash, but certainly they ought to. If, through the insidious machinations of some of his ill-chosen intimates and flatterers, His Excellency should still find in his heart lingering doubts about this miserable third | ects delusion, let him ask—not Secretary | Fish, or Secretary Bristow, or the Postmas- ter General, or Speaker Blaine, or that most | faithful and ablest of his defenders in the | House, the Honorable Eugene Hale, not any | of these, though they would all tell him that | | itis ® worse snare, a more wretched fraud than Katie King herself—no, let him ask only | the wisest, the shrewdest, the most faithtul and patriotic of his friends, the Vice Presi- dent. Mr. Wilson can give him the most sat- istactory assurances that the third term is hateful to the people, and that in ‘fact the dread of it is almost the only obstacle which now stands in the way of a republican success in 1876. We do not doubt that Mr. Wilson could show him letters from all parts of the country which would convince an angel, let alone General Grant. This brings us to another consideration. | His Excellency’s resignation just now would be, as everybody knows, literally the salvation of the party which raised him from o con- temptible obscurity to the highest office in the nation. Every feeling of grati- tude in his heart pleads with him to step down and out. Every consideration of the public welfare and party policy unites to make his immediate resignation expedient and just. | But, again, we beg His Excellency to con- sider what he would lose by neglecting to | senign, How hard, how disagreeable has | been the fate of outgoing Presidents! When Pierce gave place to Buchanan there were | sajooings all over the’ country, When There are, we are aware, unscrupulous flat- | He can reach it only by | while he took the oath of office. When Mr. Johnson retired the country breathed more morrow they could read in the newspapers General Grant’s too long withheld letter of resignation, Is it not the height of folly to as the country’s and that of the party to which he owes so much, urges him on? Finally—for to-day—we beg His Excellency to consider how peculiarly fortunate he is in being able to leave the Presidential authority in the hands of so admirable and trusty a public servant as Mr. Wilson. The Vice Presidency has not always been filled bya man of his high character and undoubted capacity. Mr. Johnson might have been tempted to resign at some period of his troublous administration could he only have believed, as doubtless Mr. Grant does, that an abler, a far abler man than himself, would take his place. If the late Mr. Oolfax were now Vice President we should hesitate, fora few minutes, at least, before advising General Grant to resign. But with Henry Wilson to take his place we speak without s shade of hesitation or a moment's delay, conscious that we give voice in this case to an over- whelming majority of Oongress and to the almost unanimous wish of the American people. Dangers ot Ice Gorges in the Rivers. The breaking up of the great ice gorge in the upper Ohio, reported from Wheeling, may be an important admonition, preparing us to expect a similar dissolution in the rivers this sido of the Alleghanies, The prediction is made of, increased rising of the Ohio at Pitts- burg, and the Cumberland is rapidly swelling its volume, very heavy rains having fallen in Tennessee. In connection with a rain storm advancing eastward, we may naturally expect an early, if it be only a temporary, unsealing of the great water courses that empty into the Atlantic, The Thursday weather reports an- nounced that the area of lowest barometer extended from Texas to the lower lakes. This interior depression will naturally set in motion 8 large movement of warm and moist air from the Atlantic, which, parting with its vapor on the eastern slopes of the Alleghanies, will be likely to break up the ice gorges in the Susque- hanna, the Delaware and the Potomac. A very slight rise in the headwaters of these streams would detach the ice from the banks and send it in crushing force toward the sea. The destruction of property in the Ohio by the break up above Wheeling has been very large, and is probably but half reported. The occurrence of a similar rise in the Eastern rivers might be very disastrous, if not expected and provided for. ‘The railroad authorities, especially, need to look well to their bridges, that no detriment be suffered by the travelling public. The Filibustering in the House. We see no reason why the republicans should have continued the contest on the Civil Rights bill after the decisive ruling of Speaker Blaine yesterday, which pointed out to them an easy path to victory on some early future day. The substance of Mr. Blaine’s decision was that, although the rules of the House can be suspended only by a two-thirds vote, @ simple majority suffices to amend them. A motion to amend the rules will be in order next Monday, and as soon as the appropriate committee can prepare and report the amendments there can be no difficulty in passing them at once through the House. The Speaker was doubtless correct in this decision, favorite measures of the republicans after tho lapse of a few days. There was no further reason why they should weary themselves in a vain attempt to weary out the democrats, if the majority is willing to insert a gag law | among the rules, It is possible that Speaker Blaine declared this decision with a view to | discourage the democrats by the hopelessness | of ultimate success. But the democrats were right in not abandoning the struggle 50 long | as they had any ground left to stand upon. | They would be justified in taking tech- nicai parliamentary advantages to pre- vent tho passage of a bill favored by the majority, even if the House truly | represented the people. But the people | havo chosen # new Congress, with a large to the constituencies than to their fepudiated retiring to the obscurity of simple citizens. It is entirely proper for the incoming party, who know that the people indorse them, to resort to parliamentary expedients to prevent a nullification of the public will os declared | in the elections. Had the republican party | succeeded in the late elections this resolute | filibustering would not be so defensible. The democrats are playing # legitimate party | game, and if the republicans choose to pass the Civil Rights bill against the known wishes of the people it is well to force upon them the additional odium of reaching that result through a gag law. Sexator Conruria may have been correct in declaring yesterday that ‘the Presidential election of 1876 has been opened in the Sen- ate and legislation waits;"’ but surely it is not the fault of Senator Schurz, whose resolution | is the subject of this long debate, nor of the democratic Senators who have participated in | it. Mr. Schurz’s resolution is a simple dirce- tion to an appropriate committee to inquire what legislation is proper in relation to the anomalous state of things in Louisiana. No subject could be brought before the Senate with so many legitimate titles to considera- tion. The President has been constantly call- ing the attention of Congress to it since the beginning of the Kellogg government, so that, even from a view, it does not come into the Senate as an mtruder. But it has a stronger claim to Congressional atten- tion. When the army, created by Congress, is employed to disperse a State Legislature, it | is the right and the duty of Congress to take effectual measures against o repetition of so | flagrant an abuse of the military authority. It is also proper for Congress to consider if anything can be done for restoring the pros- perity of a State which has been nearly ruined | bya usurping, dishonest government, which | would instantly fail to pieces if federal sup- | port were withdrawn, While it is true enough Buchanan handed the country over to Lincoln even Lincoln's rival, Douglas, was patrioti- cally happy to hold the incoming man’s hat freely. As great a load of anxiety was lifted from the people’s hearts as would be if to- delay when every interest, his own as weil which opened an easy way for passing | the Civil Rights bill ond all the other | democratic majority, and more respect is due | | representatives, who are just on the point of republican point of that the democratic party is turning this state of things to its advantage President Grant is grievously to blame for giving them so great an opportunity for identifying their party success with right, justice and the public in- terest. Practical Suggestions on the Subject of Rapid Transit. Mayor Wickham evinces a proper apprecia- tion of the importance of rapid transit to the interests of the city, and a laudable desire to do all in his power to effect a favorable solu- tion of the problem. Yesterday he submitted a special message to the Board of Aldermen, reviewing the present position of the ques- tion and setting forth the public advantages that would follow the construction of a rapid transit road, He recommends that the Com- mon Council take practical steps toward aiding such a work by the appointment of s commit- tee to investigate the subject, and, after consul- tation with all partics particularly interested therein, to report at an early day such meas- ures as are ascertained to be the most feasible and to afford the best hope of success, The Mayor accepts it as a settled conclusion that a railroad or railroads operated by steam will increase the general valuation of the real estate of the city, thus decreas- ing the rate of taxation, and will enhance the value of the property along the route it follows, He believes it to be con- ceded that the road should be constructed by private capital, if practicable, rather than as @ public work ; hence he urges that every en- couragement should be offered to capitalists to make the investment, by allowing them freedom to select such routes as promise the greatest amount of business. Therecent con- stitutional amendments, he says, seem to pro- hibit the Legislature from granting special charters tor the construction of such roads as are here contemplated, and to forbid the aid of the enterprise, if in private hands, by the money or credit of the city. But he believes that some law will be passed devolving the power of legislation on the subject, under the restrictions of the amended constitution, on the Common Council, and he expresses con- fidence that energetic capitalists are prepared to build the road and that advantageous lines and economic modes of construction can be selected and determined. The city pines for rapid transit, and the suggestions now made by the Mayor have more practical bearing on the success of the much-needed work than may at first sight ap- pear. We are inclined to believe that under energetic local action the amendments to the constitution will be found to aid rather than to obstruct the construction of a steam rail- road in the city. Heretofore the subject has been wholly in the hands of the Legislature. Practical schemes have been discarded be- cause they could not afford to buy support, while any person who was ready to pay the current price of votes and to satisfy the de- mands of the lobby could insure a charter for any crazy scheme, without regard to the in- terests of the city or the wishes of the people of New York. Now, no law, general or local, can authorize the construction of a city railroad without the consent of & certain proportion of the property owners along the route can be obtained, or unless the courts shall finally determine, in case of factious opposition on the part of property owners, that the work is demanded in the public interest. The rights of the property owners and of the citizens at large are thus so far guarded. The proposition has been mede—and we regard it asa wise one— that the Legislature shall, by law, confer upon the Common Council of New York the power and authority to do all the legislative work, within the limits and restrictions laid down | by the constitution, necessary to the con- struction of a rapid transit road. Thatis to say, when any capitalists may desire to build ® road, and have obtained the consent of the required proportion of property owners or the specified authority of the courts, the Common Council may pass a law authorizing the work without any further action of the Legislature. If the constitutional restrictions in regard to special legislation should | prevent the bestowal of this authority upon the Common Council of New York alone the law might be made a general one, applicable to all the cities of the State, or to all cities containing a certain population. This propo- transit commission, has for its recommenda- tion the fact that it leaves the question of take and the pcople who should build it, in the hands of practical New York men who un- derstand the subject, have the interests of the city at heart and are directly responsible to | the people for their action. The Board ot Aldermen, if they follow the Mayor's recom- mendation, can aid the desired legislation by officially indorsing the proposed measure and by forming a committee competent to advise with and counsel those who will have it in charge. We, therefore, regard the message as well timed and of practical utility. An interesting feature of the subject is a quiet movement now gojng on among citizens who will be specially benefited by the con- struction of a rapid transit road. These gen- tlemen have initiated measures for the careful examination of the efiect and bearing of the constitutional amendments on the rapid tran- sit question by competent lawyers, with a view to the suggestion of constitutional legislation. Points may arise as to whether a rapid transit road is a ‘“‘street railroad’’ within the meaning of the law, or whether it comes within the scope of the general railroad act, althongh | confined to the limits of the city. These and | other questions will receive the attention of the legal gentlemen engaged by the property owners, and the committee of the Common Council will have the advantage of their de- liberations and conclusions. The people will be well pleased to find the Mayor active and earnest on this great subject, for they fully expect him to signalize his administration by | making tho construction of a rapid transit road a fixed fact before his term of office ex- pires. Tur Senate Commerrre 8 report on naval document. will be approved by the common sense of the | country. Brooklyn Navy Yard and making it thoroughly efficient is strongly insisted on, and arguments adduced in favor of the committee's recom- mendation are quite unanswerable, sition, like that for the formation of a rapid | rapid transit, of the routes a road should | affairs is, carefully considered, an interesting | The recommendations for the | abandonment of some of the small navy yards | The advantage of maintaining the | Theodore Tilton as a Witness The suit against Mr, Beecher reached an exciting stage yesterday when Theodore Til- ton was offered by the plaintiff's counsel as the next witness. Before hecould be sworn Mr. Evarts vigorously interposed and pro- ceeded to make an argument against the ad- missibility of Tilton’s testimony which bore marks of long and thorough preparation. Mr. Pryor's reply evinced equal research and care, making it apparent that the counsel on both sides have looked forward to this as one of the chief battle grounds of the suit, Judge Neilson must also have foreseen that o great contest would arise over this witness, and he, too, has doubtless investigated the question in the time he was able to command out of court, and if with less diligence than the op- posing counsel, with more impartiality. The authorities which he may have failed ‘to find by his own research will be brought to his notice in the argu- ments, and there is no reason for doubting that he will render a correct decision. The press is precluded from taking any part in this discussion, even if it were competent, Judge Neilson will have to decide it on strictly legal grounds, even though he may thereby deprive one or the other of the parties to the suit of a moral advantage in appealing to public opin- ion. It 18 undoubtedly the duty of Mr. Beecher’s counsel, unless otherwise instructed by him, to take advantage of every possible technicality of law which may tend to secure a verdict in his favor. It is only a legal ac- quittal, and not a moral acquittal, that they are bound to strive for when acting in their capacity as lawyers, looking to no other in- terest of their client than his protection against an adverse verdict and pecuniary damages, They have no right to deviate from this single aim, and we are not sure that their client himself is not bound to submit as implicitly to their judg- ment as a patient is to the professional judgment of his physician. But if the de- fendant were at liberty to control his counsel there would be a greater air of innocence in admitting the testimony of every witness who has had good opportunities for knowing the material facts. It would seem better to break Tilton down by cross-examination, or contra- dict him by other testimony, or destroy his character for veracity, than to give the public ‘| the impression that damaging evidence has been suppressed. The jury, indeed, must make up their verdict on the evidence actually pre- sented ; but the public, who desire to see the character of the defendant fully vindicated, would have more confidence that these dread- fal aspersions are unfounded if they were given no reason to suspect that & part of the facts are withheld. The Court, indeed, must aim at nothing beyond a strictly legal result, even though it perceives the difference which sometimes exists between a legal ver- dict and moral vindication, Mr. Beecher’s counsel doubtless feel very sure of their ground, for if Judge Neilson should rule against them as to the admissibility of Mc. Tilton’s testimony the resolute vigor with tional importance in the estimation both of the jury and the public. To admit Tilton’s testimony and expose its worthlessness would be the best thing for Mr. Beecher'’s character in the view of the outside public; but the outside public must remain passive spectators, and whichever way Judge Neilson may decide this question they will be satisfied that it is in accordance with the rules of evidence and consistent with the legal rights of the parties. The moral bearings of the case will be freely discussed by every press in Christendom after the conclusion of the trial. The Challenger’s Submarine Discov. eries in the Pacific. The deep sea explorations of the Challenger have been followed with keen popular inter- est and her progress has been frequently marked by important discovery. Her last run lying through the great eastern seas of the Pacific, adds another important chapter to the tion, as also to that of oceanic research. One of the party on board, acting as correspondent sults of this last cruise, among which the thermal statistics and physical configuration | tions. By the incessant use of the dredging and temperature of these dark, unfathomed | caves of the ocean have been vory nearly de- termined. These submarine tests of the water at all depths from surface to bottom, it is said, confirm the Chimmo, an English navigator, as to the en- closure of these Eastern seas. According to this report of the Challenger exploration | they are, in fact, a chain of sunken ‘Jokes or abyssal basins, girdled and cut off from the neighboring waters | by shallower rims or borders. Tho water, | down to the level of the submarine rim, has cools with depth. But the entire mass of abyssal water below the rim, locked off, as it were, from the general circulation, is of a uniform temperature, determined by that which washes over its enclosing rim. These deep sea partitions decidedly affect the flow profounder channels of the open Pacific, travel northward along the marine floor to temper the equatorial seas. The Challenger writer affirms with confidence that the sea | east of Torres Straits, although having a gen- | eral depth of 2,450 fathoms, is now proved to | be surrounded by an elevated rim having no deeper water over any part of it than 1,300 steady temperature of thirty-five degrees. The Celebes Sea, which is 2,000 fathoms deep, is and the Sulu Sea, though still deeper, is in- fathoms of the surface. The presence of such physical features in hydrographer in ascertaining the flow of the | waters, which, if more obedient to the surface winds that play upon them, are not unaffected by the form of their channels, The inter- ception of the icy Antarctic submarine cur- | rents (seeking to finda way northward) by these submarine rims, throws new light on the mystery of the oxcessive heat of the West- ern Pacific waters. In the Atlantic no such barriers retard or prevent the income of the Antarctic drift along the marine floor between | which they are fighting it will give it addi- | from Cape York, Australia, to Hong Kong, | history of her long voyage of circumnaviga- | of the London Times, has just given the re- | of the sea bottom are most remarkable revela- | and sounding apparatus the general structure | view of Commander | an unrestricted circulation, and gradually | of the icy cold Antarctic waters, which, in the | fathoms, and all the water below having the | similarly cut off at a depth of 700 fathoms; | | tercepted by a rim rising to within 400 or 500 | the ocean bed must be of great interest to the | Africa and South America, But in the ‘Western Pacific, the supply of cold, sub- surface water being cut off, the tropical oceans become intensely superheated and their basins enormous caldrons of lot water. The elevation of oceanic temperature even a few degrees, thus accounted for, would work very great results and become impressively felt in the meteorology of the Indian Ocean and of the great Asiatic Continent, whose southern shores it washes. These interesting researches will, we under stand, be further pushed in the deep sea re- gion lying eastward of Japan, recently gone over by the American explorers in the Tus- carora, It is not improbable that these pro» posed soundings will clear up some points uncovered by Commander Belknap’s survey. Bergh on His High Horse. Bergh is on hand again. At present he only wants authority from the Legislature te set aside that provision of the constitutiou which provides that no person shall be de prived of his property oxcept by due process of law. Due process of law is too slow fos him. As has been seen hitherto his general demand 1s for partioular legislation that shall set aside in his favor those obstacles in the law hitherto contrived for the protection of the people as individuals. Ho fancies now, apparently, that the penalties for the offences which have been created by law out of come plaisance to his aggressive philanthropy are not sufficiently heavy, so he proposes to make them heavier and demands a law for this pur- pose, He proposes to levy these fines by con- fiscation—by the confiscation of a certain por- tion of the property of delinquents. Every animal or apparatus implicated in any viola tion of Bergh’s laws he wishes to confiscat& For a dog fight a dog, and, we suppose, the dog pit. For a cock fight all the chickens, and for a pigeon match the pigeons, guns, &. If a horse worth o thousand dollars falls lame on the way home and is driven three steps further one of Bergh’s mon steps in and makes an arrest and the horse may be confis- cated. As Bergh finds the constitution in his way it will be abolished of course. His Ex- cellency in Washington once wished to make 8 certain merchant his Secretary of the Treas- ury, and it was shown to him that there was a law prohibiting any merchant actually in busi- ness from holding that office. But it never occurred to him that he should submit to the Isw and square his conduct accordingly. He only requested Congress to repeal the law, And Bergh assumes the same style. Provision after provision made for the defence of the people is in his way. Abolish every one. And now it is the constitution, and of course we must mend that! Francz.—Republic or monarchy is the question fiercely debated in the French Legislative Assembly. M. Laboulaye’s moe tion definitely organizing the Septennate is now under consideration, anda vote will probae bly be taken to-day on the vital question—king orno king. The extreme republicans would seem to have split from the moderates. Louis Blanc opposed the organization of the Septennate, pointing out that the official recognition of the Republic offered no guaran- tee that liberty would be respected. If the advanced members of the republican party follow M. Blanc’s lead the defeat of M. Laboulaye’s bill is certain. An sttempt | made by the Right to throw ont the constitue | tional measur:s was defeated by a vote of the Assembly. PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE, Rev. Pelham Williams, of Boston, is the Albemarie Hotel. Mr. Charles Bradiaugh arrived at the Fifth Ave- nue Hotel yesterday from Boston. Captain Edward R. Warner, United States Army, 1s quartered at the Sturtevant House, Assistant Quartermaster General Stewart Van Viet, United States Army, 18 registered at the New York Hotel. Judge T. C. Theaker, of New Haven, formerly United States Comuisstoner of Patents, is sojourn- ing at-the St. Nicholas Hotel. | Protessors Theodore D. Woolsey, of New Haven, and Ezra Abbot, of Camoridge, are among the | latest arrivals at the Everets House, | Lord and Lady Dufferin and suite are on a visit | fo this city. His Lordship will return to Ottawa in time for the opeping ef Parliament on Thurs- day. General Martinez Campos suffered under Sere rano for his known adherence tothe cause of Alfonso, and that circumstance will not hurt bim now. Great days for jewelry stealers these. The Countess of Moreile has nad $10,000 worth taken from her dressing room in her house at Virginia Water, Winusor, England. Dr. Kenealy has been invited to offer himself Aas a candidate for the vacant seat for Stoke-npone Trent, and has expiessed bis willingness to come | forward tf he can be shown a fair chance of suce | cess. | Marie Caroline Archambault, Countess du Chatel, | nas been condemned fn Paris tor the valgar of fence of shoplifting. She stole various fancy \ articles from the counters to use them as New | Yoar gifts, Which would Roderick Random Butler, of Teme nessee, probably prefer—to have Andy Johnson stay away irom Washington or to have tne case of the Fort Sugg claim “in the deep bosom of the ocean buried %” In Paris, yesterday evening, the Washington Club gave a farewell dinner to Colonel Hoffman, | late Secretary of the American Legation, who is about to depart Jor his new postin London, Min+ ister Wasaburne, all the attucnés of the Legauion and many prosninent Americans were present. When the Empress Eusénie fled from Paris she Imurusted the crown jewels to the Minister of Fle | nance. He sent them to the Bank of France. and before the siege they were forwarded to a distant | French port, and have just now been returned to | Paris. They are worth looking after, as one stone alone is valued at $169,000, One of the gardeners at Old Montrose has had a female fox in his possession for eight or nine months back. It was secured by a chain and strong leather collar. The animal disappeared the other night, and it was discovered thar a dog fox nad got over the garden Wall, gnawed through the coliar and carried oi his mate im triumph. staying at Earl Russeil’s ‘Recollections’? are published. | The work appears to be of comparatively small | mterest or value, and adds litte or nothing to the political history of the past half century, Mr, Gladstone is ac with some violence of having sought to degrade the cougtry from its rank as @ | great and glorious empire to be & manufacturer of | cotton cloth anid a market tor eheap goots. Alionso is reported to have asked of a distine guished politician, as ne was leaving Paris for Spain, if ne had any advice to give him. And the politician sald, “Ye —eware of pithy parases.’? ‘of what sort?” sai Alonso, “Wel, suca as, The Empire is peace,’ and ‘Italy shail be tres trom the Apennines to the Adriatic,’ and ‘Nota stone of our sorts nor an inch of our territory,’ &e, For ifyougive out any of these you will try to adhere to what they express or you won't. I you | try to adbere you will tail into error after error from a foolish fancy of consistency, and if you | don’t you Will be written down as a chariatan and a benooria.”