The New York Herald Newspaper, January 6, 1875, Page 4

BNR TILDEN INAUGURAL —_ the Past Year. rath CONSTITUTIONAL AME DMENTS. fections of Our Criminal Laws and Jurisprudence. —_—_-—_—— LEGISLATION. Skates CAL ork’s Great Transportation Route Be- tween the Lakes and the Ocean. ERNMENT TOO COSTLY. People Should Take Public fa Into Their Own Care, CUTIVE CHAMBER, ALBANY, Jan. 5, 1875. LEGISLATURE :— he advent of anew year, when the public assemble to consult in respect to the affairs transact the business of the State, our first ht should be to offer up devout thanksgiving Supreme Disposer of events for the biess- nich we have enjoyed during the year now Our great Commonwealth comprises & tion of more than four and a half millions— ly exceeding that of the whole United States formation of the federal government—and cing vastly more extensive and diversified ts and activities. Our sense of duty ought jcommensurate with the mugnitude of the conferred upon as by the people. Forming, ir State does, so tmportanta part of the ican Union, the benefits of an improved por wise legislation and of goo administration, bt confined to ourown citizens, dnt are felt ly and by their example, tn our sister and in our national reputation throughout I proceed to perform the duty enjoined by institution upon the Governor to “communi- yy message to the Legislature” “the condi- yf the State’ and to “recommend such mat- o them as he shall deem expedient.” RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES. p account ofall the funds except the canal ommon school funds for the fiscal year, end- eptember 30, 1374, were as follows :— - $26,465,370 43 19,636,308 36 ice in the Treasury September 874.. . $6,829,062 07 Wailable balance amounted to. 6,494,881 44 difference being made up by the defaleation State Treasury, in 1873, of $304,957 91, and um of $29, the Bank of Sing Sing. STATE DEBT. the 30th September, 1873, the total funded 530,406 40, classified as follows :— $3,958,526 40 68,000 00 11,352,480 00 21,000 09 becanics cas acted yas'er $26,530,406 40 ring the months of August and September, stocks of the bounty loan were purchased to pmount of $306,000, but not cancelled until September 30, 1873. Deducting this sum, the ity debt amounted tu $20,815,000 and the total To $16,224,406 40. the 30ch September, 1874, the total fanded Was $30,199,456 40, classified as follows:— $3,988,526 40 + _ 68,000 00 10,230,430 00 00 00 «$20,199,456 40 ate debt during reduction of the ‘ | year ending September 30, 1874, by can- ition of matured stocks and by the purchase 902,500 of bounty loan sevens of 1877, for the ity debt sinking fund, is $6,024,950, addition to the $4,902,500 of bounty stock based for tbe bounty debt sinking {und during jast fiscal year and canceiled, there have been tments for that sinking fund, since the date e last report to the present time, in State se- es and government registered bonds to the unt of $4,331,500, at a cost of $4,972,001 35; add- 327,283 88 premium and $3,210 commissions on Hty loan stock purchased and cancelled, and 21,584, interest on bounty debt, makes a total 626,667 23 paid on account of this sinking the date of last report to the present ecurities now he'din trust for this gmount at their par vaiue to h could not be disposed of, at the @t an average premium of e actual gent shows the amount of th September, 1874, after balapces of the sinking Balance of Staking Balance of Dell after 4 52 $17,491,809 23 1, 1874. payable $21,191,379 34 J. 17,491,80) 32 $3,699,570 02 ent year amounted [X Will be $15,727,482 08, he amount levied dur- par. reminds the Legislature of part to secure the taking e year 1875, and sugges commission reiative to pa the poor and to propose such | Mnduce to tie best interests of 0 advises 4 Mouerate appropria- jor the contingent expenses of the Ers who are to represent toe State at intal Exhibition.) CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. adoption of the recent amendments to the titutuon renders necessary some important Jation in order to carry them into full eifect. changes made in articie 2 require corres: anges in the election laWs with respe: jenges and the oaths thereupon and the en- inent at the present session of a law clud- irom the rigut ee lh so toad convicted i any injamous crime. fe erenament of section 4 of article 8 of the titution requires the enactment! of a “general conjorming ail charters of savings banks or Htutions for savings to a unilormity of powers, itates log pas- et prescribing the punishment for the = oe orikery created im sections land 2 slation way be necessary in consequence the mode of compensatiug mem- ture, and i some other matters readily occur to yor receipts into and payments from the Treas- 2 72, being an old balance due | change, uniess It be accompanied by especial fore- | at Albany, ana an act was passed whereby one | signs and wiscou, | ¢ will, doubtless, be an unavoidable necessity to | substitute selected was put in office. new | ones to be enacted with rererence to speciai and moduy existing general laws and to sha) | peculiar cases, | eral as a specia, graut of powers, Tne béeneftt intendea to be hibition may thus be defeated. Even greater muschielS than those which existed under the ola system may be created. The parties interested in promoting a law in- tended to obtain special powers for @ particular case Cannot be reired on to guard ageinst the pos- sible operation of the general provision in the other cases tO Which it may be appiied, The legis- lator WO could measure the whole consequences ol ao act Limited in its terms bo @ special instance, cannot foresee the possibie cases to which a gen- eral law adapted to the instance present to his mind may be found capabdie of applying or what operation it may bave. There will, therefore, be great danger of vague, loose and hasty legislation In eontemplation of one Object, but capable of workiu seen nor intended. (ne pew legisiation called for by this provision shoul framed with more than ordinary care. FRAUDS AND MALVRRSATION BY PUBLIC OFFICERS. It will be the Hrst and most imperative of our duties to revise tue laws which are intended to provide criminal punishment and civil remedies Jor frauds by public of in complicity with them. The condition of our ex- Ising alatutes aud oO! our unwritten jaw, as its provisious for such Cases have been construed and de d by recent decisions of the court oi final resort, disclose grave delects. The practical evils resulting [rom | hese detect are greatly increased by the recent frequency and magnitude o/ viola- tions of oficial trust. IMPERFECTION OF CRIMINAL LAWS, The statutes punisaing emoezziement are held not Wo apply to such Offences when committed by public officers, The statutes relating to larcemies | The Convention of 1846 carried its dispersion of | which are deemed to be of questionable application to a fraudulent acquisition of public funds, existing in | the form of credits inseribed on the books of a bank, aud Known in the language of commerce as deposits, The statutes in regard to obtaining | mouey or property by talse pretences are not free jrom technical embarrassments in their applica- tion to pubite frauds, Without assenting to the Conclusion that these statutes are wholly unavail- abie in such Cases, It CanDot be doubted that they are inadequate, unfit for the exigencies of the times, and that tiey abound in needless technical questions which lend to the deieas of puolic jus- tice, No illustration of these defects can be s0 impressive as certain facts of recent experi- ence. A pubiic officer, designated by a statute of the State, and authorized, with two others, to audit the then exisung Mabillties the county of New York, iraudulently made a0 audit, or certified Hetitious claims to the amount Of $6,000,000, and instantiy receiveu $1,500,000 of the money , the loca: power o! election and appointment, aid on such audits, througi @ common agent petween himsell and tue pretended owners of the claims. For this flagrant crime, panied vy many circumstances of tion, the eminent counsel who represented the people deemed it pruvent to seek convictions | the appeal will continue to be made, on often re- only for misdemeanors tu negiect of official dut y, the punishmeat for each of which ts imprisonment | in the Penttentiary for aterm not exceeding one year and a fine not exceeding $25. When we consider that a person who, under the tempta- | | tion of pressing Want, steals property of the value orid. Mindful, with you, of these considera- | of over $25, 1s jtabie to imprisonment in the State | Prison for a term of Gve years, and that tue ouher | offences against private proverty are punishable with corresponding severity, the inadequacy of the law applicable to great public delinquents, betraying the highest trusts and piondering the people on @ grand scale, is Teyolting to all just botions Of morality and justice. RECOMMENDATIONS, Irecommena the enactment of a statute which shal clearly emorace sach offences, and impose | penalties upon them proportionate to their moral | turpitude and (to the mischiel whicn they inflict upon society. It can apply only to iuture cases, Dut it May be expected to do sometning toward preventing a recurrence of such evils, | CIVIL REMEDIES. | The existing civil remedies applicable to such | cases are uo jess inmaiequate. For the last three | years the spectacie has been eXlubited on tne conspicuous theatre of our great metropois of fraudulent officials remaining in quiet possession and making unobstructed dispositions of great wealth, which we are morally certain was derived from their spollation of public trusts, notwitb- | Standing legal proof of the most conclusive nacure | exists of their guilt. In tue meantime civil ac- | tions have been dragging their siow tength along, as In Ordinary cases oO! disputed rights, while the “daw’s delay’? has been maintained by the use of the vast Mund abstracted trom the public, and no process has been ound in our laws by which tt could be attached and preserved pending the liti- gation, Or its disposition interfered with before final judgment. RECOMMENDATION, A Dill to extend to such cuses the remedy of at- tachment as In cuse O1 foreign corporations, or non-resident, absconding or conceaied defendants, has been heretoiore submitted to the Legisiavure. I trust that such a measure will be speedily adopted. 1 recommend, iurtner, that preicrence be given to such cases in the courts, whoever may ve the party plaintit. A GREAT DEFECT IN OUR JURISPRUDENCE. A still more serious delect eXists iM our jurispru- dence. Where a wrong 18 committed which affects the treasury of a city, county, town or village the officers whe would be the proper piaintifsin any Suit for redress, or Who possess exclusively the power to imstitute or conduct such suits, may be Loemseives the wrongdvers or be in complicity witn the wrougdoers. in every such case the rem- edy must, Of course, be very muca embarrassed if not wuoily unavailing. The unfaithiul incumbents may be entitied to serve for along term or they may possess great facilities for gaming the favor of their successors. While the remedy is thus de- layeu—perhaps Jor years—the prools may be lost, or the Gepredators may wake away with their property and withdraw their persons from the reach of process, or they may, trrough the lapse of time, become discharged irom liability by the Stat- ute of Limitations. As the ofence becomes stale the public sentiment, which inspires voluntary ef- forts of patriotic citizens in nenaif of the people to seek redress, 18 Wearied and weakened. Ou the Other hand, temptations are strengthened and developed into actuaicrimes by the prospect of lunpunity, which grows out o/ tardiness and uncer- tainty ip the remedial law. ATTEMPTS TO REMEDY THAT DEFECT. The iregnent occurrence of maiversation in « local go as Stimulated ingenuity to devise some judicial remedy, At first, It was conceived that the injured taxpayers or inhabi- tants might, in their own names, invoke judicial aid. An aualogy Was set up to the case of a pri- vate corporation in which a corporator, on the Omission O! the directors to § might bring an action, in bevall of himself aud bis associates, making the corporate body a defendant. Tne idea received much favor from the courts in the judi- Clal district which comprises the y of New York. But the Court of Appeals, in Roosevelt vs. Draper and i Doolittle vs, Supervisors o! Broome Couaty, decided that toe individual taxpayer had no special interest distinct (rom tuat of the public which would enabie iim to sustain an action, in person, for the redress of a public wrong of the Dature involved im those cases, In tne former cave, the intimation Was mage, that the true “re- Medial process against an abuse of administrative power tending to taxation is furuished by our elective system, or by a proceeding in belial! o1 we State;” in the Jatter, that “ior wrougs against Ube public, tue remedy, whether civil or criminal, is by a prosecution instituted by tue State in its + politicul character, or by some officer author | by law to act in tts behalf.” The whole reasoning o! the Court proceeded upon this ground, nor does | 1 seem to have been questioned by the counsel on either side, The remedy intimated in these de- cisions has been recognized as established law in Great Britain, irom which we inherit our equity jurisprudence, by @ Series of great precedents, It has been applied to populous municipalities, like Liverpool, and to corporate funds derived from taxution and applicable to general Municipal pur- poses. [tis a natural deduction from tie historic origin and tue expansive philosophy of the equity system, whose proud boast has ever been that it leaves no wrong without a remedy. On the discovery in 1871 Of the irands committed by the governing officiais of the manicipaiity of New York, the Attorney General, acting on these intimations of our own courts and on the English precedents, instituted actious against the parties incuipated by positive prools, Within tue iaat ear the Court of Appeals, in the cases of ‘The People vs. Tweed, Ingersoll, et al.” and of “The veople vs. Fields,” has decided that the state can- not maintain those actions. The resutt ts at last | arrived at, that neither the taxpayer, nor the State in his benhall, can seek redress; that tn all the long interval nobody has been competent to sue or conduct lwho was an appoimtee of the accused parti ‘Thre is @ State Of our jurisprudence which calls for Lew legisiation. NEW LEGISLATION. In choosing between the two expedients of vest- ing aright to sue in the individuai taxpayer or IM the State, it is obvious that the latter shouid be preterred. The Sting statutes, Intended to con. ler some limited rights on the individual taxpayer, are practica: bugatory. The reasoning of the Court of Appeals, in thé cases denying him the right under our Customary jurispraence or the common law, argues wit cogency the inconveni- ences which might atiend the possession of such @ power by every Member of 80 multutudinous a body. The wiser aiteruative 1s to vest tue power in the ple of the State, acting by their Attor- | ney General. [t will be analogous Lo the authority It is quite possible to give a gen- | to grasp patronage and power, the great municipal ri to the pliraseoiogy of every enactment | trusts soon came vo be the traffic of the lobbies. | intended to appiy to a special case and to operate | it 13 long since the people of the city of New York | ase of the State Debt During | eisdeas Sh le iu numerous cases results neither fore- | against | to aM audit not made, of | Stroy the local election or appointment. accow- | edy needs to be supplemented by accountability in aggrava- | the courts on the appeal of a taxpayer or citizen | | MUNICIPAL PROBLEM. @ Suit, except some corporation | NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY tunctionary was ex;elied, and by some device the Ditfering in | ities as the city and State did, and with all the | 01 | Temptations to individual seifisbness and ambition | have elected any Mayor who has had the appolnt- ment, after his election, of the important muni- | | cipal oMcers. Under the charter of 1870, and again | under the charter of 1873, the power of appoint ment was conferred on a Mayor already in ofmce, There has not been an election in many years in which tne elective power of the people was effec- tive to produce any practical results im respect to | the heads of departments in which the actual | governing power really resides. | | | Anew disposition of the great munictpal trasts | | has been generally worked out vy new legisiauon, | | The arrangements were made in secret, Public opinion had no opportunity te-act in discussion, | | avd DO power to influence results. Interior offices, | Cohtracts and sometimes money were Means ol a | competition from which those Who could not use these weapons were excluded. Whatever defects may sometimes have been | Visible in a system of local seli-government, under | elections by the people, they are infinitely less | than the evils of such asyatem, which insures bad | | government Of the city, and tends to corrupt the 6, I1875—TRIPLE SHEET. sigs alii ! Ee: of enlarging the Erte Canal tocks and the oats withou’ increasing the capacity of the waterway.] P PERFECTING THE CANAL THE WISE POLICY. ‘The Erie Canal was planned tn view of the best science and experience then possessed. It has excellent adaptations, It is @ superior instru- Ment of transportation. mentally changed in its character and conditions without great consideration. It should be per- fected and 30 made available te every practicable extent jor facilitating and cheapening the ex- changes of commodities between the East and the West, ITs CAPACITY—ITS OCHO. pi The two questions concern! are, capacity to do an agerevate business during @ given period; secondly, the economy per ton per mile of the transportation It affords. These ques- tions are geverally coniused tn all discussions, They are completely distinct, They depend upon whoily diferent conditions, 1T3 CAPACITY AMPLE, Capacity to accommodate an Seuregate tonnage during a day, a month, or 4 season of navigatio depends on ‘the number of boats of the norm: size which the locks are able to pass, during the period. Boats can be multiplied indefinitely. The limit to their use is In the number to which the locks can give transit, The time occupied in & lockage Is the test. But tt is unnecessary to apply | legislative bodies of the Srate, | popular election invokes publicity -discussion | vy the contending parties—opporvunity for. new | ers and by persons acting | party combinations and all the methods in which | gwee: public opinion works out results. | | OFFICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY A CONDITION OF MUNI- CIPAL INDEPENDENCE. | | No part of the civic history of this Stave is more instructive than the recorded debates of the Con- Veution of 1821, on the question of electing, by the | Voters of the counties, the Sheriff, who is the exec- | utive arm of the State, It was thoughtiully con- | | sidered by our foremost statesmen, Its solution embraced the two ideas—the seléction by the | | locality, and the removal for cause by the State. | the power of choosing local oMcers much further, | on the same system. That system is to distinguish | between the power of electing or appointing the — oificer and the power to hoid him to account, It is, while Ge pee the one to the localities, to re- | serve the ocher to the State, acting by 118 genera! | representatives and as @ unit; to retain in the | collective State a supervisory power of removal in addition to Whatever other accountability may Te- Suit to the voters or authorities of the locality | irom the power to change the officer at the expl- | ration of his term, or irom special provisions of law. | _ The two tdeas are not tncompatible. On the con- trary, each is the complement of the other, Such dispersion of the appotnting power bas become | possible only because these devices have beeu in- | Vented to preserve accountability to the State, The right of the State oy 1ts general representa- | tives to remove ts capable of being mace to de- ‘The rignt | Of the State to sue is not It 18 less In contiict un Ome | cial accountability 18 not complete If there ts no | remedy sor oficial wrougs but removal. ‘That rem- | of the locality. Ifa right to that appeal 1s denied, | curring occasions, to the legislative power; and the system o: the last twenty years will be per- petuated The problem of municipal government is agitat- ing the intellect of all civilized peoples. In our | own State it 1s the more interesting and impor- tant because it Involves the half of all our popuia- tion, which lives in cities or large Villages, | The framework of the system whica we should adopt must be intrenched in the ‘undamental law, | and protected by constitutional restrictions trom | arbitrary ana capricious changes by legislation. | This problem failed of uBy solution iD the recent | ameudments to the constitution. Lt is worthy of long-coniinued thought and debate. Time and discussion will at iast mature a safe and wise re- suit. | TBE ERIE CANAL AND THE TRANSPORTATION PROB- | LEM. |The State of New York, not denying the general unfitness oO! government to own, construct or mapage the works which afford the means of | transportation, saw an exception in the situation and in the nature of the canais which are trupk | communications between the Hudson and the | great inland seas of the North and West. They connect Vast navigable public waters, and them- | Selves assume something Of a public character. THE NATURAL PASS OF COMMERCE. | The voyage from Europe to America, even if destined to Southern ports, is deflected by the Ocean Currents so a3 to pass Closely by the gates | of our commercial metropolis, That capacious barbor is open the whole year, accessible in all | prevailing winds, is sheliered, sa‘e and tranquil. From it the smooth waters of the Hudson give | transit to the lightest hull, carrying the largest | cargo, whicn the skill of man has brought into | Use, Tne head of navigation on the Hudson | touches the natural pass of commerce opened uy in the geographical configuration of this Conti- | nent, where the Alleghenies are cloven down to | their base und travel and trafic are allowed to flow across on a ievel, and by the narrowest isth- mus, to the lake ports, which connect with all that great sysiem of inland water communication and interior commerce, the most remarkable in | its character and eXtent and accessones that ex- | ists in any part of the glove, THE NORTHWEST. Tributary to the Western ceatres of lake com- merce, such as Chicago and Milwaukee, are. vast areas o! ferule solls, which stretej to and partly include the valley oi the Upper Mississippi. Open | prairies, easily brought into cultivation, fitted for | the use Of agricuitural machinery, adapted to tne | Cheap construction of railways, and pecuilarly dependent on their use as 4 means of intercourse | and trafic, have been Opened to setiers at nomi- | nal prices. ‘They have been rapidly filled by a young, intelligent and energetic population, trained in the arts aod industries of un older civilization, and applying them to natural advan- tages whica have been found elsewhere only in cobjunction with the social barbarism of ap anin- habited wilderness, They are now covered with | | & hetwork of railways, which connect myriads of | | little cenires with the lake ports and with the trunk railways, that bring them into practical contiguity to oar great Eastern centres of popu- lation, capttal, commerce and mauutactares. | NEW YORK’S LIBERAL POLICY—THE ERIE CANAL TRUST. } | New York, without arrogating to itself an undue Share ib these achievements, May contemplate with | proua sattsiaction its contribation to resulis 80 | | Magnificent, Important us are the advantages | | which have accrued vo itself, 1 has not sougnt to | monopolize the benefits of its policy, The price | Oi such cérea's and other products Of agriculture | ag are eXported in considerabie quantities are | mainly fixed by the competitions oi the foreign | markets, even jor our own consumption. The | cheapening oO! the cost of transit, thereiore, chiefly _ protits the producer. This consideration 1us- trates how large aod jiberal, in the main, is the policy adopted oy the State—a poiicy which { had | Tue Sutisiaction Of advocating in 1846 and 1867—of treating these great works as @ trust Jor the mill- lon, and hot seeking to make revenue or profit jor the sovereign out of the rightol way. in con- Sonauce With the same policy was the action | of we State in 1851 in permitting the transit, | iree of tolis upon @ railway which it allowed to be constructed between the termini of the | Erie Canal and along its bank. It had originaliy undertaken the construction and administration Ol the canal, iu Order to create a tactie and cheap transportation aemanded by the interests of tie | } people, and not otherwise possibie to be attained. | It did not forget the motive for which it had acted, abd remembered only its seifish interests 43 a pro- prietor, It, thereture, by an act which anticl- pated the necessity aiterward to arse by the con- | Btruction of rival routes, repealed all restraints | on the carriage of property,and opened to iree competition every mode of transit, even in rivalry to its own works, for the products of the West | ea the manulactares and merchandise of the | jast. | NOT TO BE ABANDONED. | The Erte Canal remains an important and valu- | able instrument of transport, not only by its direct services, but by its regulating power in compe- tition with other methods of transportation, The State, so fur as we can now loresee, ought | to preserve it, and not contemplate its abandon. | ment. | LAKB AND CANAL NAVIGATION CANNOT BE ASSIMI- LATED. | _ ‘The 925 miles of lake uavigation from Chicago to | Buffalo, aud the 495 miles of canal and river navi- gation from Buffalo to New York, and the 8,000 Miles o1 ocean navigation irom New York to the id World, caunot be made bomogeneous, or even assimilated, Hach 18 subject to physical condi- | tlops which are unchangeable, and to which the | velicie of transportation must be adapted, | | LAKE BOATS UNFIT AS CANAL BOATS. | The rough and stormy lakes require a strong | vessel, made seaworthy by its deep keel, tuily manned, and of w form intended for speed tn an unlimited expanse of water, The canal admits of a light keel anu a shape which will carry a larger proportional cargo, ior the boat moves salely in a | tranquil channel of water, ciosely confined by | physical boundaries on the bottom and sides, and | cannot but submit to a slow movement. The propelier of the lakes tends to grow in d\- mensions. A recent one carries 70,000 bushels of wheat, or 2,100 tons. A barge to be towed by each | propeller 1s a system now being tried with iair prospects of success. ‘The lake crait of the average size carries less cargo in proportion to the vessel than the canal | boat, and It costs twice and @ hail or three times | as much as the canal boat per ton of capacity. | | If the canal were made large enough to pass the | | lake craft the transporter could not afford to use the lake craft on the canal, It carries too little | Oswego. ded te article 3a8 section 18 re- e of general laws providing for nich special legisiation is prohivited Many of these cases are within #, and, With respect to others, | 3 to be required, which exists in respeet to private corporations, | cargo; it is too costly; 1t would have to reduce it | and iD cases Of nuisances, and Of quo warranto; | rave of motion from about eight miles per hour on ana Will be in coniormity to the safe methods and | the lake to less than three miles per hour, which | traditional usages of equtty jurisprudence, is the highest aim of the canal boats, that now | LOCAL SELF*GOV ERNMENT. make oniy | 42-100 miles per hour, The establishment of such a remedy for the tn- Such a vehicle of transport would not be adapted lation is expedient, | jured taxpayer or citizen will not detract iron to the water channel it mast move in and woald am the way of enacting statutes providing | but will make possible and will found on a durable | not be economical ‘Transshipment at Buftalo, | the cases to wach the oxen ap Meaisting | struggle, like everytmay thut ves, to preserveits | pared with the iose incidGnt to Ualugran UaAt aud | en é , ike ‘y thin) , tO prese! are oa incident to using an , oF in the way er own existence. Wen abuses become intolerable, | Uly adapted instrument. ‘thpeny ORES ti | prohibiting spectal legislation in | to escape them it will often surrender its dearest ‘To enlarge the Erie Canal to dimensions adapted cases ia the amendment irom which | rights. vo tie movement of such a vessel at the rate of | oat Pe nefits Ly been anticipated. In | All the Invasions of the rights of the people of | less three miles per hour would be so incon- | general law! which are to provide for the city of New York to choose their own rulers | ve t to the trailic that it woula be easier and caution will be necessary. The and to manage their own afairs—which have been | cheaper to construct an independent work. That ‘the Convention of 1446, andeven | a practical denial o1 self-government for the last | would probably cost @ priocipal sum, the annual the enactment of the general banking law twenty years—liuve been ventured upon in the | interest on Which would be greater than the en- . advocating the principle of general laws | name of reiorm, under a public opinion created by | tire amount now received by the carrier for his 1838, 10 to the creation of corporate | abuses and wrongs of local administration that | services and by the State for its toils on ail the is had been practical monopolies, and | jound noredress, When the injured taxpayer could | existing business, A shorter route would be likely and F canes ‘where it seemed to be salely ap- | discover no mode of removing a delinquent oMcial | to be preierred. The Hudson River, trom Troy to — may justify me in suggesting some qaait- ‘of the advantages to be derived irom tue @nd no way of holding him to account in the courts, | deep Water, would need @ simular reconstruction. he assented to an appeal to the legisiative power (Lhe Governor goes on to expose the fallacious that, for the actual results of experience set at Test every doubt. Of the seventy-two locks which intervene be- the waters of lake Erle and the waters of ‘udson, ali put a few have been doubled for ears. In 1867, when the subject was dis- cussed in the Constitutional Convention, thirteen remained single. For the first time, on the open- ing of navigation next spring, double locks will be brought into use throughout the entire canal. That will nearly double the capacity of the canal to make lockages. Tne largest delivery of the Erie canal at tide water was in 1862, It amounted to 2,917,094 tons, in cargoes averaging 167 tons, The lockages both ways, and including ralts ass only one way—at Alexander's, watch in the throat of the canal, three Miles west of Schenectady—was 34,977. In 1873, the deliveries were 2,585,355 tous, 1n cargoes aver- aging 213 tons; and the lockages were 24,960. the theoretical capacity of the canal will be three or four times the largest tonnage it nas ever reached, There 18 no doubt it can conven- tently and easily do double the business which has ever existed, even tnough the locks be not manned and worked with the highest efMcteney. The sublect of capacity may tnerefore be dis- aissed [rom this discussion, ECONOMY PER TON PER MILE. The question really worthy of our attention how we can perfect the canal, 80 a8 to reduce the Cd ton per mile of the transportation tt affords. Quickening the movement of the boat increases the service it renders in @ given period. It lessens every element in the cost of that service, In en- larges the number of tons carried in the given time, and oy enlarging the divisor of the same ex- penses, it reduces the rate of cost per ton per mile. TO BE INCREASED BY PERFECTING WATER WAY. The economy in the transit of tne boat must be made, not in the locks, but in the bivedieay a fhe seventy-two locks in the 345 miles between Bufalo and West Troy, if each takes five minutes, would occupy exactly six hours, in October, 1873, seventy-six boats were timed, and their average passage down, with average cargoes of 227 tons, was ten days, two hours and forty-six minutes, or nearly 243 hours, If we doupie the time taken tn the locks the time occu- pied on the levels between them would still be over ninety-five per cent of the whole time of the voyage. It isclear, therefore, that the saving of time must be made in the ninety-five per cent, and not in the five percent. Economy per ton per mile in the transportation, so Jar as it depends on the strocture of the canal, 1s to be found in the relation which the waterway bears to the boat. The movement of the boat through water confined in an artificial channel--narrow and shallow—is, at dest, very slow. The engineers, in 1835, planned the Erie Canal and vhe boat with such relations to each other as to give the greatest economy of power and facility of transit, The boat bas inclined to grow rather large and too square. The waterway Was practically never ex- cavated in every part to its proper dimensions. Time, the action of the elementa, and neglect of administration, all tend to fill it by deposits. I May be excused for repeating here what I said in the Constitutional Convention eight years ago:— “What the Erie Canal Wants 13 more water in the prism—more waterin the waterway, A great deal of it is not much more tnan six feet, and boats drag along over a little skim of water ; whereas it ought to have a body of water larger and deeper even than was iniended tn tne original project. Brmgit upto seven feet—honest seven feet—and on ali the levels, wherever you can, bot- tom it out; throw the excavation upon the banks; increase that seven feet toward eight feet, as you can dO 80, progressively and economically. You may also take out the bench walis.”” RECOMMENDATIONS, T recommend that such measures be taken as your wisdom, aided by suci information as can be had from the proper admimistrative officers, may de- vise, to put in good condition and to improve the waterway of the Erie Canal; and that provision be made by law to enable the State Engineer, soon alter navigation is opened, to measure the depth of water in the canal by Cross sections as often as every four rods of its length, and on the upper and lower mitre sill of each lock. INCOME AND OUTGO. It will be seen that on the Erie Canal alone the surplus of income over expenditure is about 374 percent of the gross income. If the three other canals which are to be retained by the State as part of the system be included the surpius is but 11 2-5ths per cent. TOLLS, The present tolls on wheat are 31-10 cents and on corn 3 cents per bushel, from. Buffalo to Troy— 345 miles, They were reduced in 1870; those on Wheat (rom 6 21-100tn, or one-hall, and those on na TS a te to 3 cents, or avout 38 per cen One cent per bushel taken off the present toils, and the same proportion on other articies, would annihilate nearly all the net mcome of the Erie Canal, considered aione, and would make a de- ficiency, in respect to the jour canals retained, of $500,000 a year if future expenditure should be the Same as in these three years, The Governor then considers that redaction of | must be prudent, and no rash innovations made. - FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE LAST THREE YRARS, The financial results of the fiscal years endin September 380, 1874, 1873 and 1872 for the Krie Canal the many and ior the Champlain, the Oswego ana the Cayuga and Seneca are a3 follows:— ERIE. Year endi Ordinary Extraordinarg Total Fx- Sevt. 80. Inrome, Repairs. Repairn. ntibure, 1972...$2,700,147 50 $1,0.5,'79 (9 $661 4202 $167,021 11 | 1875.02 °2, 710,601 49 "749,977 0S 967/175 34” 1,717,152 42 Ter... 2,672,787 22 © TU1,SAV BL «979,548.96 1,674,889 77 $3,143,536 21 $5,079,065 30 Income in excess of disbursement. $5,004,472 91 Average for each year........... is 1,021,490 97 87: 180,648 23 $91 AT $251,871 61 1872. 256,211 47 $251, 468,083 08 1 Sir as — Piscerr sr Sees meas Sayreon ge 17 123,703 54 = US13799 244,216 45 "304 33 $427,765 63 Excess of expenditure over incom Average for each year... oswEdo. | 1872... $90,746 57 — $1T71,74 82 141,673 94 13, 4 } 173 35,428 13. 95,948 SL 73,830 08 best tty Asi 70119 59 W079 AL HSL L149 50 $240,334 29 $569,787 4 Excess of expenditure over income. ($120,443 35 It should not be funda- | serve for the metropolis its position as the carrier, Merchant aud banker of tue New World. After stating that the Champlain and Oswego canals are in a sense trunk canals, and that the Cayuga and Seneca connect interior lakes, the Governor discusses the project to abandon or sell the lateral canals, ana alludes to their use ag feeders of the Erie, and suggests a commission to Investiga: these subjects. The Message then proceeds at length witha discussion of the whole gubdject of currency abd finance, showing the tendency of an inconvertible currency to inflate i and provoke speculation, naturally to be followed by falling vaiues and general distress, BESULTS DURING TEN YEARS OF PEACB. Tt is now almost ten years since the civil war ceased, That period ought toh sufficed to re- new our productive tmdustries, to repair the waste of our accumulated capital and to restore to our people a sound and durable pr rity. But an indispensable condition of such resi MS wae energy, skill and economy in production an ‘Us gality in public and private oqnsnmapnton. ISUSBD OP FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. federal government has all the while been the greatest single power in the country to indu- ence results, ity by bene: hs caeel Chere tions, tts dominion over the business of banking and the odeek of its trahsac- tions on imvestments of capital and on the tem- porary conditions of the money market, but by the ascendancy it acquired during @ period of public danger over pe lic opinion and over the conduct of individua It ig to ve deplored that this great Capacity for controliing action and for leadership has uot conducted us to better results. The period has been characterized by unsound public finance, an uncertain policy in respect to the currency, a series of speculative excttements tending to unproductive enterprises and unrema- neratjve Investments of capital, and terminatin: io istressing reactions in credit = ani business; a want of efficiency aud economy tn production, extravagance in pubilc and private expenditure, enormous taxation and complicated systems of ‘revenue—which have increased the cost and wasted the fruits of that taxation, and rendered capital and labor less productive—and frequent spoliation of private and public trusts. GOVERNMENTS TOO COSTLY. In the decade beginning July 1, 1866, the people will bave paid in taxes, computed in curren $7,000,000,000. Tree-fiftns were for the use of t! federal government and two-fliths forthe State and municipal governments. It 1s, douptless, true that some portions of the municipal expenditures were for objects not strictly governmental; but it cannot be questioned that much too large @ por- tion of the whole net earnings of industry and of the whole net income of society is tuken for the urpose of carrying on government th tms country. (he burden could more easily be borne when values were high and were ascending. As they recede toward their former level the taxes con- sume a larger quantity of the products which have to be sold in order to pay them. They weigh with @ constantly increasing severity upon ali business and upon all classes, They shrivel up more and more the earnings of labor. This condition of things ought to admonisn us, in our respective spheres, 10 be as abstinent as possible in appro- priations for public expenditures. If the cost of government in our country were reduced as tt ought to be, one-third, it would still be larger than a few years ago, taking account o/ the prices of the products which, in order to pay that cost, we are compelled to convert into money. TAXATION TO BURDENSOME—THE PROSTRATION OF THE SOUTH. The people are iess able to bear such taxation by reason of the want of efficiency and economy in production, and the want of irugality in con- sumption, generated by the causes already indi- cated, and also by reason of the failure to com- pletely renew the productive energies and activi- ties of tire States of the Sooth, which turnisn about half of the exportable commodities of the country other than specie; which are 1arge con- sumers Of Our Manufactures ana productions, ana which make us their carriers, merchants and bankers in all their domestic and foreign transac- It been proudly ascribed to the humanity of our age that, since the surrender at Appomattox, Dot one life-has beeo sacrificed to the policy of the Victorious government. it is to de wished that we were equally free from the criticism that the retribation visited upon our former adversaries merely conforms to the higher modern estimate of property as compared with life; that, exer- cising @ moral coercion, invigorated by a standing menace of military iorce, we have held those com- munities, bound in withes, to be plunuered by rulers destitute of support in their public opinion, and without title to our own respect or trust. FINAL ACCBPTANCE OF AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. Such has been our course, after and in spite of the fact that these our kindred in & common an- cestry, 8 common heritage and a common future, had joined at national conventions in the nomin- ation of candidates and in the declaration of principles and purposes, which form ap authentic acceptance of the results of the war, embodied in the last three amendments to the organic law of the Federal Upien; and that they had by the suffrages of all their voters, at the last national election, completed the proof that now they only seek to share with us and to maintain the common Tights of American local self-government, in @ fraternal union, under the old flag, with “one, con- stitution and one destiny.” There should be no misunderstanding as to this position of our Southern brethren or of any por- tion of our feliow citizens. The questions settled by the war are never to be reopened. The adoption of the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth amendments to the federal constitution closed one great era in our poliucs. iv marked the end forever of the system of human slavery, and of the struggles that grew out o! that sys- tem. These amendments have been conclusively hy dag and they haye been accepted in good faith by all political organizations and the people of alisections. They close the chapter; they are and must be final; all parties hereafter must ac- ceptand stand upon them, and henceforth our politics are to turn upon questions of the present &nd the future, not upon tose Of the settied and flual past. THR PEOPLE MUST AGAIN ATTEND TO PUBLIC AF- FAIRS, The nobler motives of humanity concur with our interests in making us hail with heartielt congrat- ulations a real and dorabie peace between povula- tions unnaturally estranged. The time ts ripe to dis- card all memories of buried strifes, except as a waruing agaiust their renewal; to join altogether to bulid anew tue solid foundations of American self-government. For nearly @ generation the con- | troversies which led to a Iratricidal conflict have drawn away the attention of the people from the questions of administration, which iuvolve every interest avd duty o! Pan governmen*. The cul- ture, the raining and the practice of our people in the ordinary conduct of public affairs have been falling into cisuse. Meanwhile the primitive sim- plicity of institutions and of society, in which gov- ernment was ilttle felt, and could be negiected with comparative impunity, has been passin, away. Ii pnolic necessities must wring so muc! from the earnings of individuals taxation must become scientific. In our pew condition ali the problems of administration nave become more difficult. knowledge oi the experience of other countries, They need to become the engrossing theme of the public thought in the discussions of the press and | In the competition of parties, which is tue process Of free institutions, ‘the people must once more give their minds to questions that concern the | ordinary conduct of government if they would Average for each yea: 140,164 45 CAYUGA AND SENECA, $17,882 58 $8,267 23 $26,319 00 $64,585 23 2h48i 1 14348 6.4L 06 34, U64 54 19,5147 25,9348 28,517 UF 7,451 12 | $58,675 16 $156,101 39 Excess of expenditure over income. $96,426 73 Average for each yea ok $2,142 42 RECAPITULATION YOR THEE YEARS. sependiture Income over E: Erie. Cayuga and Senec: 426 23 ————— $1,820,002 14 $1,248,470 77 Each year... vee 41K 823 59 THE PAYING CANALS. It will be seen that auring tue last three years the income of the Krie Cuual, considered alone, bas been $8,143,536 21 and its expenses $5,079,063 30, yielding a surplus of $3,064,472 91, or an average Jor each year of $1,021,490 97, The ex- cess ol expeuditure over income of the tree otner Canals whicn are to be retained by the State has been $1,820,002 14, or three-fliths of the sur- plus produced by the Erie. Considering the four as @ system collectively the surplus has been $1,244,470 77, or an average for each year of $414,823 59, THE NON-PAYING CANALS. During the same three years the five other canals to watch the constitutional amendment applies have given an income of $119,864 45, or for each year Of $39,964 81, against an expenditure of $1,696,499 74, Or for each year Of $632,166 5%. they have consumed ali the net income of the paying canals and have charged the state with a loss of $232,164 62, qr jor each year $77,358 17. In addi- tion to this annual joss the whole burden of the sinking tund to pay the canal dept 18 thiown upon | the State. INCREASE INCOME BEFORE DISCARDING INCOMR, A carelul investgavion whether the net Incomes of the canals retained cannot be increased ought to precede @ surrender of wiiat jit- tle now exists Ordinary repairs. should be scrarinized, with a view to retrenching their cost and to obtaining the largest possible Tesuits from the outlay. Extraordinary repairs | include mach which 80 regularly recurs in differ- ent forms that they must be considered a part of the maintenance of the works. No doubt they aiso inciuce improvements which are of te nature of new capital. Tnese and all improve- ments shonid be governed by a plan and purpose leading to definite results, and, instead of scatter- ing expenditures on imperiect constructions, should aim to make complete and avatiabie the specific parts undertaken. Unity of administra- uon and system, both in respect to repairs and Improvemei ts, should be established, even ti only | pews voluntary consnitation oMcers having authority over separate portions of @ single wor! unity mm this respect which existed under our former constitution, The Governor then says that the State is the arbiter and trustee ior all, aud must aim to pre-- It is worthy 01 consideration whether any legisiation can aid in securing the nd co-operation of have our country to start airesh in acareer of pros- | | perity and renown. SAMUEL J. TILDEN. APPENDIX. BANKS, On the 1st day of Octover last elghty-one vanks were doing business under the laws of this State. During the fiscal year then ended five banks were organized and four were closed, one of which faliea. Of the five banks created three were organ- | ized with less than $100,000 of capital each, under chapter 126 of the Laws or 1874. Circniating notes to the amount of $5,368 were destroyed vy the Bank Depariment during the year, Sixty-seven banks weve credited with lost circulation to the amount, in all, of $285,559, the time for redeeming the same, after the usual legal notice, having expired. The amount of circulation outstanaing, including that of incorporated banks, banking associations and individual bankers, was, on the lst day of October last, $1,105,189 50. Of this amount the sum of $367,498 was secured by deposits of cash, Stocks Or Stocks and mortgages. The residue, $737,751 50, is Dot secured, it havin been issued prior to the passage 0/ the General Banking law. Steps have been taken by twelve banks for the fiscal redemption of $160,301 0/ these unsecured notes, in accordance with the provisions | of chapter 585 ol the laws Of 1873, SAVINGS BANKS, une hundred and fifty-six savings banks (two of which were closing) reported to the bank Depart ment on tne Ist day of July last. Their assets, in the aggregate, amounted to $316,122,790, having increased during the year then ended $),367,020, The increase in assets during the first six months of 1874 Was $8,683,060, ‘1be number of persons having deposits in these institutions was, accord- ing to the number of open accounts January 1, 1874, 839,472, being an increase of 16,830 during the ear. te TRUST, LOAN AND INDEMNITY COMPANIES. On the Ist day ot July last, twelve trust, loan and indemnity companies reported to the Bank Department, under chapter 324 of the Laws of 1874. The aggregate o1 capital paid to, as shown by their reports, Was $11,762,040, and the amount due to their depositors was $33,479,764. INSURANCE DEPARTMENT. The number Of insurance compantes subject to the supervision of the Insurance Department, on tie 1st day of December, 1874, was 232, 48 fol- OWS — oa York joint stock fire insurance compa- nles..... New York mutual fire msuran New York marine iasurance com New York jie tusurance companies. .. New York Plate Glass Insurance Company. Fire tnsurance companies of other Stat Marine insurance companies of other Sta Life insurance companies of otner 3 Canadian ire ipsurance compan. 3 Foreign fire insurance companics 1 Foreign marine insurance companies... 3 TOA. scssesseecetersessecsreseeees The total amount Of stocks and mo policy holders of Iie and casualty insuran panies of this State, and of foreign insurance panies doing business wituto it, was $10,4046,¥. follows For protection of policy holders gen- erally, in life insurance compa: of vee $3,089,591 tnis Stato. They call for more intellect and imore | ———— $$$ For protection of registered policy Holders CXCIUBIVELY.........+--ee--se05 8,250,842 For protection of Casualty policy holders @XCIUBIVELY. ...ceceerceeeeees is 1,000 For protection of piate glass policy holders exclusive Hes 7! 50,000 For protection of poll nm insurance companies of other States... 40,000 For protection of fire policy holders tn insurance companies of Canada oo 600,120 For protection of fire policy holders in foreign insurance companies......,... 2,478,100 For protection of lile policy holders in foreign tusurance Companies, .., ‘Total deposit. i During the past year fifty-seven vessels arrived at the port of New York, in which, during the pas- wage or while in port, sickness had occurred, ren- dering them subject to quarantine detention. Eight vessels had eleven cases of smallpox on poard, from Which 3,228 persons had been exposed the disease; 121 cases of quer fever occurred’ on forty-four vessels bound for New York, and twelve patients with this disease reached tne port and were cared jor at the Dix Island Hospital, of whos two died, and five cases of fever were removed by the Health Officer to the hospital. No cases of cholera occurred in the port, but several vessels arrived from ports infected with this ais- ease, on three of which coming from ;Indla deaths from cholera occurred during the passage. No new disease called for any action by the Healt Omcer. Daring the year an epidemic of malignant yellow fever raged in Havana with unprecedented vio- lence, and prevatied io Rio Janeiro and in twelve other South American and West Indian ports, and also in Pensacola and some other Southern ports of the United Siates naving extensive and direct communication with New York. In Havana the deaths !rom yellow fever reached the enormous extent of eigity per cent of the persons attacked, and, in some cases, vessels lying in that harbor during the summer lost all their crews except one or two. itis worthy of notice that, while In pre vious years nearly nine-tenths of all eases of yel- Jow fever came (rom tie port of Havana, so small @ number reached here during the present yea: This result, ta the opinion of the Health Officer, largely due to the sanitary precautions taken by the onlcers ofthe vessels, most of whom, bemg connected with regular Imes, are becoming fa- millar with the quarantine regulations of the boxe. and wiih the rigid, though reasonabie restrictions to which vessels aoe infectious diseases on rd are subjecte anring the ecwrentine season, 1,135 vessels ar- rived at quarantine from suspected ports ; of these 236 were from porta known to be infected and were detatued, and 68 were required to discharge their cargoes on lighters in the stream velore going to the city. EMIGRATION. ‘The following table shows the statistics of emi- gration jor tne last fifteen years :— Q | |S28artazRsaees [3 Counites and|)=>.0xne 2 Pledhagesoased Hg sone re u state A PISST = cluded in Total | 4" ™ 3 Cash Disburse- ments... * SSSERLEGSSS RK Boat ae 92522225228 |32 Buildings In- | lll ingze4geeaaa cluded in Total ASSLASTERSA | § Cash Disiurse- o a ments a ef a2 /3 2 Total. Cash Dis- 28 a dursements Par | ls [#823 SS283 |B S35 25233 )3 Total cash Re-|% 23% 283338 ceipts . i leah sie e Number of Emt- =200 oo eet agg for on yards 33 Island, .... +++ { spigtaes |3 en2 2529/3 Aliens pone #232 - | RRAS |S 3 3 | Commutation |tessses Boge | Fee. S5Sesss 2388 | ' 3 FCAT8....00s0000 z * For eleven months. + This sum included back calms. PRESENT FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THR COMMISSION. The indebtedness of the Board is as loilows:— Due the Equitable Liie assurance So- ciety, amount borrowed on bond and mortgage of the lands at Ward’s AMIRI s,.503 Spaces cogs an cence $100,000 00 | Due the counties and charitable institu- tions of the State ior the care and sup- port of emigrants Quring the past 14, years..... ides Lis ag Due for curreut expenses at Castle Gar- den....... ae sees . Estimated expenses of the Cas- tie Garden and Ward’s Isiand establisuments Jor the month of . December (including $10,000 due for coal) $30,000 00 Less cash on hand and e: mated recelpts.........+0..-. 20,000 00 75,000 00 16,000 00 10,000 00 Total estimatea indebtedness Decem- ber 31, 1874..... $201,000 00 The number of emigrants at ared for at Castie Garden and Wara’s [sland is 1,041, and in the counties about 900. During the montis of January and February the number to be cared for at Ward’s Island will increase to about 2,000, and in tne counties to more than 1,200, On the 1si of January next the Commissioners will practically be without fands to cure lor these persons. The expenses of the Ward’s [sland and Castle Garden institutions wili, during the months of January ana February, be about $25,0u0 per month, walle the receipts will not exceed $5,000 per month, CUMMON SCHOOLS, The statistics of the common schools for the year ending September 30, 1874, are us follows:— Total receipts, inciuding balance on hand September 30, 1873. + $11,944,023 38 Totai expenditures. 10,77% 779 OL Amount paid for teache! C8. 1,559,090 59 Amount paid for schoolbouses, re- 1,721,232 64 pairs, furnivare, &c. seeseee . Estimated value of schooihouses and . kata th 7 SILOS. see esee secre ce ‘Total number of schovihouses. . Number of schooi districts, exclusive | _ of cities. . 11,299 Number of te: moployed at the same time for the fuil legal term of BCNOOI. .-f.s0-.00 00000 cscesererssereer 18,554 Number of teachers employed during apy portion Of the year............06 29,683 Number of children uttending pubitc * schools. 1,039,007 Number of p BONOOIB, . se. 0-secsecesscoseeessoee 6,568 | Number of children of school age in | _ private schools tessecee erseeeees 158,610 | Number of volumes in School District LADFATIOS. «0. +++ see cess cree eseeseeeene 835,882 | Number of persons in the State be- tween 5 and 21 years of age 1,501,874 SOLDIERS OF THE WA The last Legisiature maue an additional appro- priation of oue hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) for redeeming certain certificates issued to soldiers of the war of 1512 ‘The sormer appropriation paid on the certificates allowed $91 52 5-100 on $100 of principal The appropriation of 1874 paid the balance due on the principal and $46 72 on $100 of interest. Wak CLAIMS AGAINST THK UNITRKD STATES. On the Ist day of January, 1874, the unsettled | balance in favor Oi the State was $1,209,286 LL. Since that time another instalment of over $34,000 has been presented to the Treasury Department, in vhe unsettled balance above stated ts included a claim for $151,188 02 interest on Comptrolier’s bonds, Which cannot be paid without legislative action. SALT SPRINGS. The quantity of sait from the Onondaga salt | springs inspected during the last fiscal year was 6,594,191 busveis, loss by 1,364,951 busieis than the proauction of tie preceding year. The net reve- | noe from this source was $10,341 67, showing a fall- ing off as compared with tue preceding year of $11,424 08. STATE PRISONS. The following statement shows the expendfiures and earnings of e of the prisons ior the year | ending September 30, 1874:— Advances Received Excess of Jrom the Jrom Pxpendi- Treasury, Earnings. tures, auburn... $253,166 90 $101,910 40 $131,256 50 clinwn,,.. 33, 12 163,473 60 134,204 52 Sing Sing. + 360,054 638 124,009 43 236,045 15 | Miscell/eous ex- penditu’s, not alstrivut’d, in- « Cla’ $26, for transpor- tation of coa- VICUB cere eee SL 25 37,031 26 Totals.... $930,899 60 $879.303 43 $588,537 42 In 1867 the excess oF advances from the Treasury over receipts cf 7” In 1869 it Was 595,774 43 In 1870 1t was 401,304 90 In 1871 10 Was 470,809 23 | Im Ip72 it was 465,831 84 In 1873 Lt was I" Tp 1874 tt Was seeeee ‘The number of convicis in each of September 30, 1874, Was as follow: Auburn. Clinton. Sing Ding. Total.. Toval. ve