The New York Herald Newspaper, November 24, 1874, Page 3

e (poreneromniriniiiaisiclatea HALLETT’S POINT. The Great Engineering Task at Hell Gate. GENERAL NEWTON’S REPORT. The Work Nearly Completed on a Third of the Estimated Cost. Necessity for Prompt Appropria- tions by Congress. HOW THE BLASTING WILL BE DONE WASHINGTON, Noy, 21, 1874. The following is the annuai report of General Newton, of the Engineer Vorps, in charge: of the I removal of obstructions in the East River, including Heli Gate, The table exhibits the lengths of tun- nels and galleries excavated at Hallett’s Point at the end of the fiscal year, June 30, 1874:— BBADINGS AND GALLERIES, Ro. 296.36 No, 135.76 Ro, 199,98 Ro. 194,53 0. . No. 230.58 j 0. 218.98 } lo. 225,59 } No. 257.65 No. 163.27 No. » 10206 No. 143,07 | No. 43.40 xo £ nen 0. No. ba. 129.51 | about the middie of November, 1873, The details of operations for the months of July, August, September, Octover and part of Novem- ber, 1873, are as follows, Linear Lege Re oy of tunnels and galleries. .,.. 896.35 | Cubic yards removed . 4,048 Fear ‘of holes driliea by Average numbe! enon eubie yard tuse, .. les drilled by each machine per 8. 4.8 ee 36.9 arpened for Burleigh drills. BAG harpening a drill, cents 8.70 Average number of teet drilled to euch sharpening 3.60 fpr of steel to each toot of hole drilled, ey i} on | The appropriations tor removing obstructions he East River and Hell Gate are not entirely devoted to the tunnels and galleries at Hallect’s | Point, & considerable amount having been ex- pended for the construction, maintenance and the operating of the steam-drililug scow, which has been at work, at various periods, upon Diamond and Coenties reefs, in East River, ana upon Fry- | ing Pan and Pot Rock, in Hell Gate, There are | certain rocks in Hell Gate, as Shelldrake and | Way’s Reef, which should be removed prior to tue completion of the reef at Hallett’s Point, because the existence of the latter reef would protect the machine from rapid currents, and, what is of more importance, trom viotent collisions. Coen- ties Reef, which has been, it is thought, thor- oughly broken up, requires but o small sum to complete its removal to @ depth of twenty-four | feet. The present least depth above the mass of broken stone is twenty-one and a half feet. It is economical, likewise, to continue the use of the drilling scow in blasting the channel rocks, ©D account of the necessary devertoration of the scow from the progress of decay—a process ‘Which is equally rapid whether the apparatus is kept at work or not, From the expediency, as just shown, of employing the steam-driliing scow B® proportion of each appropriation must neces- sanly be diverted from the work at Hallett’s Point, and the amount annually grantea— $225,000—is found to be entirely too limited for the economical or rapid progress of the Important operations to which this sum 1s applied, The con- dition of the work at Hallett’s Point is sach that there can exist no reasonable doubt of its entire success, and, therefore, another similar work, in- tended for the removal o/ the Middle Reef, and in- cluding reets, under various designations, as Fiood Rock, Gridiron, Hen and Chickens and Negro Heaa, should be early commenced, as by its removal the width of the channel would be in- | creased from 600 to 1,200 feet, and the most for- midable ovstruction to navigation, which exists @t Hell Gute, would be obliterated. ADDITIONAL BXPENDITURE NECESSARY, For the reasons above given I ask an appropri- ‘ation Of $600,000 as the sum which could be profit- = and economically expended during the year. ie discussion of the last steps to pe taken in the removal oi tne rock has been postponed until the exploration of the whole area of Hallett’s Point Ree’, by means of tunnels and galleries, shoula have been first completed. This is nearly done, and it is proper to state in general terms ‘what now appears to be the most rational mode of procedure. There have been two modes sug- gested. First, to excavate a chamber or cavity sufficiently large and cre to recelve the whole body of the débris, and this mode woula require the removal of all the stone plers supporting the. roof of the excavation, and the substitution fhere- Jor of artificial supports of little buik. This plan, which appears plausible, as weil as complete, would, in my opinion, be inapplicable at Haliett’s Point, An immense work would re- Main to be done in taking down the existing large pers under the roof and in sinking considerably he floor lines to provide a sufficient cavity; the volume of which sbould be, at the very least, one and a half times the solid contents of the roof, The nature of the stratification, in thin verticle bheets, renders the work of removal of the piers subject to grave accidents, due to unexpected re- sults, during the blasting process. If these pieces could be removed by the use of the pick, as was done at Blossom Rock, where the rock was of peculiarly easy manipulation, one of the Gangers of removing the piers would be obviated. but the rock is hard at Hallett’s Point, and the constant application of blasting is required, Again, to carry out the system of pioviding a, chamber or cavity, the piers, as well as the sup-° Ports to replace them, must have considerable altitude, in some places thirty-five te forty tect, and this altitude would add incaiculably to the dangers incident to their removal. These difficulties and others have formed the Babjegt of consideration for years past; but until the rk of the tunnels and galleries used to ex- Plore the whole rock and ascertain its condition Bhoula be perfected it did not seem pertinent to enter into the present discussion, which really concerns only the last stage of the work, while, on the other hand, it was probabie that amore mature jacement based upon a longer experience, ‘Would result from the course adopted, THR MODE OF REMOVING ROCK yy Providing 4 receptacie large enough to receive the roof has never been applied. It was partially at- tempted at Blossom Rock, a very smail'reel, where, sae ere the process would have been ap- Piicable, bat the engineer, Mr. Von Schiniat, abandoned this scheme before it was half per- fected, and alter blowing up the rock had to-re- Move the débris with grapples or divers, The expense by such process, too, at Hallett’s Point Would, in my opinion, be mach greater than by the second method, which consists in driving & system of tunnels and galleries having proper drainage, to obtain places for charges of explo- sives, and in disposing of the dévris by trans- portation to other points, Ina work upon the Femoval of Blossom Rock, published by the En- gineer Department, there are found two project the one by General B. 8, Alex- ander, of the Corps of Engineers, by jeans Of the second method before descrived, and ol date anterior to the project of Mr. Von Soncmae described in the same volume, and which differed from the former only in removing the piers or walls between the tunnels, and in providing a deep chamber or cavity to receive the ‘acbris The aseful ides of perforating the rock by means of funnels, at least, was evidently borrowed by him from General Alexander, and Biossom Rock was gemoved by, the latter’s process; for Engineer Von Schmidt declined to carry out nis own, and had to remove the déoris afterward b: Qeial means. Prior to the date of General Alexander's Jetters—probabiy a8 much as x months— i was engaged in @ @iscuasion of the feasibility of removing certain channel rocks in this locality, by using an iron qyuneey to reach from the surface of the water to the rock and working in this to perforate a shaft into the body of the rock and drive a system of galleries where charges of explosive compounds 0 DIOW Up tie Whole mass could be placed, cess was not applied to the channel rocks jor Ere ropaon ‘ua in Als harbor tue oa suas wpaig | } nothin: ' ttons 307 holea, | was 17,127 1bs., aud this NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 1874.—TRIPLE SHEET. be continually exposed to collisions and might re- quire a maes of material to secure it from such accidents out of all pro ons with the rocks to be removed. But in 1860, a8 soon as suMiciens fands were granted for Frawuons, the coffer dam at Haliett’s Point was constructed, prepara- tory to tunnelling thas reef. At this locality, be- sides the great extent of the rock, there was no danger to be apprehended trom coll itsions, THR MODE OP BLOWING UP the reef ut Haliett’s Point would generally be this:—To periorate from the inside each pier with drill holes entirely or partly trough: its mass, a suyficient number of these Ing provided to co: plete tee destruction of the pier when iully charged.. The charges in the differeat holes of the same pler to be connected together, and a fuse composed o1 & quick explosive to connect the eys- tem of charges tn each pier with tuoge of the neighboring piers, By this moue the communica- tion of heat or the electric spark tO @ lew centres of explosion would suffice to propagate it through the whole system, vecause the explosion of the connecting fuse would advance more rapidly than the demolition of tne rock, In addition «to charges in the piers, others confined tn stroug veseels might be placed 1n the inside close against the roo!, and be shored from the foors of the galleries, to produce greater effect. The piers might be blown down by charges placed in contact with them; or in the galleries large charges might be placed, sufficient Ww effect the d»molition, but much larger amounts of explosives would be required in such process; whereas the proximity of the work to habitations denands not only that a limited amount of charge be used, but that it be so contined as to veriorm local work only, Water tamping by flooding the Raileries will b¢ used to prevent the flying of frag- ments of rock, The principle of water tamping ‘was, I believe, firat used by Maillefert to suriace blasting upon the rocks in this harvor in 181 and and subsequent years, and all engineers who been since engaged in the removal of sub- Marine rocks have used It, Iv is designed to use the quick explosives, prin- erpaily 1! not exclusively, in the demolition of tne works at Hailetv’s Point, aud they should be con- fined in tubes, metallic, As it may require several weeks to charge the sys- tem of holes and their conuections, it nitro-gly- eerine or Otber compounds of which it lorms a part be used In metallic tubes, danger might re- | sult from corrosion or from coupling these to- gether, 4! nitro-givcerine be used in metallic tubes it might be best to fill these alter they Lave been set up and connected. The difficulties above sketched would not arise if the tubing be composed of gutta percna or rubber. Besides the advantages Spends. given a8 pertaining to the latter description of tubing, | another, that of freedom from leakage would be more readily secured, and this consideration ta matter of first importance when nitro-glycerine or the compounds in which tt enters are used, thongh not go if gun cotton be the explosive. Captain William H. Heuer, Corps oi Engineers’ Agsistant, has continued in the superintendence of tne operations at Hallett’s Point, where his services have been falthiully and effectively performed, STEAM-DRILLING SCow. The operations of thid machine were confined to Coenties Reef, commencing work June 25, ana being laid up December 16, 1873, Tne cause of suspension of work on that date was the ex- haustion of funds available for the work, and was: particularly uniortunase, as but little additional cost Was needed to bring the level of the rock to the depvh required, and there was appagen‘ly further to be done than to remove broken rock. The least depth, which 1s confined to a email heap of loose stone, ia 21% feet at mean low water, and the deptn proposed is from 24 to 25 feet. During tne period of opera- amounting to 2,620 lineal feet, were drilled. ‘the diameter of holes at tue top was generally 4% inches and at bottom 3. inches, The amotnt of nitro-glycerine expended included likewise the charges of 89 surtace blasts, The amount of stone grappled and removed from the reet was 2,806 cubic yards, and this does not inciude the a@monunt, which ig unknown, raked from the eur- face into the deeper Water on the sides of the reef, The operations of the pust season were under the superintendence of Mr. J. H. Striedinger, civil | engineer, and were faithiully and skiliully con- ducted, During the present season the machine will be put to work upon Shellidrake and Way’s Reef, in Hell Gate. THE ESTIMATES. ‘yhe estimate of January 21, 1467, for the removal of certain obstructions in Hell Gate, Hulletv’s Point, the Middie Reef and smuller rocks, as Pot Rock, Fryiug Pan, Way’s Reef and Shelidrake, AMounted to $8,602,645. The mode of operation was drilling into the suriace of the rocks, blasting and removing the débris, and the estimate per cubic yard was $48 28—a rate which is thought to be correct for the operations in question, Ata later date, January 3, 1870, a new estimate, based upon the process of tunnelling the larger reets, as Hallett’s Point and the Middle Reef, and remov- ing the smailer reefs by drilling irom the suriace of the water was made, and the average rate per cubic atta percha or rubver, [* yard fixed at $15 a8 a mininum and $20 for the | Maximum. The quantities in the Middle Reef ana channel, a8 heretojore determined irom old sur. | veya, though only approximate, must be retained, as there are no surveys of recent date sufficiently advanced to furnish @ more correct volume, Reefs at Hell Gate, 491 cubic yards, «294,689, 820 Diavnond and Uochtlee rook letter of brea 2 2008. a « 449,200 Total $5,139,120 The estimate for ond loenties reefs, in East River, should here be added, aa it did not a. in the other reports cited above, which had reference to Hell Gate only, In conducting the surveys of the reefs and smaller rocks each sonnding. was separately lo- cated by instruments. The rapidity of the tides cCuused & SU8pension of the soundings except dui Ing the periods of slack currents. tapered alloted or specifically appropri ave 4- fs + $1,440,000 00 Devuct ry bite ‘Treasury. Total .... Balance on hand Ju’y 1, i874. Expended July 1, 1874... EXPXNDITURES Excavations at Hallewt’s Poin Constructiony and expenses steam drilfng scow operating upon Damond and Coentes recta, Fast River, and Pot Kock and Frying Pan, ‘el! Gate...... Amount paid K' Mailletert and others under contract for work upon Shelidrake Way's Keef, Hell Gate........... bene Engineering expenses, including surveys of Diainond and Coenties Teets, kast River, Hallett’s Point, Middle Heet, Pot. Rock. Frying Pan, Way's : rocks, &c,, in xpenses of steamers. waly and e: 112,785 43 $1,207,919 17 The work for the present season Will be the con- tinuatton of the tunnels and galleries at Hallett’s Point and the operations of the steam drilling Pod upon Way’s Reef and Shelldrake, in Heli ate, THE HUDSON RIVER TUNNEL. pare Legal Proceedings Commenced—An Order Issued by Judge Bedle—Shali the Con- struction Be Prevented by the Dela- ware and Lackawanna Company? Proceedings have at last been commenced In the courts of New Jersey to prevent the construction of the tunnel under the Hudson River, from Fif- teenth street, Jersey Clty, to some point not yet determined between Christopher and Twentieth streets, New York. Mr. Henry S. White, counsel for the Hudson River Tunnel Company, applied to Judge Bedie for an order to appoint commission- ers to assess the damages sustained by the owners of land at Jersey City. In answer to thts applica- oe the folowing order has been issued by Judge ede :— State of New Jersey, County of udson, aa,:—Whereas on November 21, 1874, the Hudson Tunnel Railroad Com- pany, a corporauou organized under and by virtue of an act of the Legislarure of the State ot New jermy. entitled “An act to authorize the tormation of railroad corpora- tions and reguiaie the same,” Approved April 2, 1878, and an act entitled “An act to extend the time tor'com- zi tion of the Hudson Tunnel Railroad,” approved March 1, 1874, made application to me, Joseph v, Bedle, a Jus. tice of the Court of the State of New Jersey, petition in writing, setting forth, among other things, under the oat of De Witt 0. Haskins, President and'agent of the said Hudson Tunnei Railroad Company, that the articles of the association of said fompany, made and executed in due torm, were fi @ oifice of the Secretary ot State on January 26, 1873. and that the said company requires that tract ‘of land known as Fifteenth street and on map of Jersey City, Hudson county, N. J., 1861, ©. Bacot, City Surveyor, known as North Seventh street, from Provost streat to a, Stato Hine, | The anid sirip of land required by the compa i about thirty-two feetin width and ‘about | r 908 feet in length, said laud to be used for constructing a tun. nel, with railroad track in said tunnel, said tunnel to be about twenty five feet in dinmeter and at no lace to come ‘nearer ty from that water, That construction of said tunnel and roadway, the right to Eee dean of Fitteenth street; dimensions to be s uniform width of fifty feet and 150 feet in length, run- ning backward from’ the shore line of the Hudson River, westwardly along sai gh for the purpose of n sinking thereon a working sha irty feet in diamete: and about sixty-five feet in a y and to erecta tome porary building over said shaft in the construction and use of their railroad upon the route determined upon; and thatthe sald company and the parties claiming to be the owners gould not agree; and whereas a certain le the office of ihe which sald’ land tho -M and. Essex Raliroad Comp: poration OF ie > a oration of State of ‘New dgersey; and the Delawrare vane r Dauyy corporativn et the Slate at ‘ivania and leasees of the and Keee: mpany; and N ol Morris x Rail. lew Jersey shore Improvement ‘a corporation ot State of New Jersey, im to have an interest in, and, therefore, prayed thal a olnt three disinterested, impartial and judi- jolders, who reside in the county of Hudson foresaid, Oommisstoners to examine and appraise the said land and materials, and to ascertain to be paid by the said the Hudson Tunnel pany lor such lands or materials and damages afore- said, and pursuant to the provisions of said ‘and for such further or other order, as may be Cpe bie to law, as to the said Justice might seem {2% end pi iT, Wheretore I, said Joseph D, Bedle, Justice: foresald, do appoint and assign the 5th day Bf Decei next, at ten o’cloc« in the forenoon, at the House |) Jersey, City, amid county, State ot as the and place for the application petition, and do hereby direct the said company to at least ten days’ notice in writing of the time and p ‘80 assigned to the Morris and Essex Railroad Compat pany’ th arvey, Bin re iSprovgaeny © ma id pan er 01 ‘overnent Company, by barvigg a copy of this order on ihe Presidents ach of indgon County. Court New Jersey, made fn anid “hibition of the distinguished viaitor at their ele- Bim so Lye respectgnix. « HELL GATE. Diagram Showing the Pursued in the R Extent of and }“ethod ock Excavations. Seal THROY pf Te = pie: = SS SSS said companies, or, In their absence, those reay acting ag such, * J, November 2l, 1374, respectively on DO BEDLE, Justice Supreme Court, A combination of railroad interests has been formed to prevent the construction of this tun- hel. The Erie, the Pennsylvania and the Dela- ware and Lackawanna have had a conference in regard to their ferry interests, which would be seriously affected by the construction of the pro- osed tunnel. They have, therefore, determined © form a combination to prevent the construc- won of the tunnel, and the legal contest has now been commenced. ‘The papers in the case were served yesterday. The question will involve the right or the city to open streets to the water front alter that hasbeen removed by filling in, and the right of any com- pany to prevent access on the ends of streets to the water for sewerage or other purposes. In the meantime the workmen at the tunnel have erected buildings which will enable them to pursue their operations during the winter. THE POSTMASTER GENERAL The New Minister Receiving High Com- pliments from Bostonians—A Little After Dinner Speech on Saturday—In- teresting Observations of Russian Life-The Efficacy of One “One Man Power.” Boston, Nov. 28, 1874, Postmaster General Jewell, notwithstanding his reputed activity and usefulness in the important department of the government which President Grant has intrusted to him, manages to find time and inc)ination to become 4 sort of lion of the period, His visit to Boston has been character- ized by @ series of ovations ever since he arrived in the city, and for the many flattering attentions shown him by the amiable and solid men of the Hub he has manifested a feeling of profound gtatitude. Immediately upon his arrival, last Friday morning, that highly respectabie and emi- nently ancient organization Known as the Board of Trade took bim in charge and had a public ex- gantly carpeted rooms down on State street. The admirable speech which Mr. Jewell made on the Occasion Was @ source Of delight to the “solid men” of the town. The day toliowing the emi- nent Cabinet Officer was again the hero of the passing moment, and numerous and hearty were the Ovations which were showered upon him. It happened to be Saturday, just the day when the numerous social clubs with which the city abounds have their weekly sit-down, and all of them sought the presence of Mr. Jewell sround their various festive boards. He ranin for & moment atall of the gatherings ana was warmly greeted by the admiring hosts, and at the Commercia) Club he remained for cinner anu made @ very happy and entertaining speech, Thé clu metatthe Parker House, and the banquet pro- vided was, of course, most bountiful and elegant. Bouquets and wines were not dispensed with, and the company was very fragrant and Jolly before the festivities were over. The company present included such men as Congressman Pierce, Con- essman Stowell, of Virgiula; Congressman Wn- ams, of Massachusetts; Mayor Eastman, 0! Pough- keepsie, and General Burt, the Postmaster now here in Boston, When the repast was finished Mr, Allen, the President of the ciub, alluded in complimentar: terms to the distinguished guest who was wit them, and in the midsc of enthusiastic plaudits MB. JEWELL RESPONDED, He congratulated Boston on the firmness with which it has withstood the panio, and promised them his influence tn furnishing all needed postal facilities. He reminded them that their Congress Made the laws, passed the appropriations avd raised committees-to see that the money was used judiciou-ly, and explained to them that commit- tees could not go one atom beyond the powers delegated them by Congress, He thought Boston, being the Hub, and bearing the weight ofa great literary reputation, should have larger facilities than most cities. He nad the misfortune to hail from a democratic State, and, inasmuch as “misery loves company,’ he did not pity Bostoni- aug ior being under a democratic Governor, as he <3 OTE = Sarees ss. z ones ss EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS, A Lecture by Carl Schurz on Mental De- velopment=Practical Hints to “Our Girls.” The Hon, Carl Schurz last night delivered a lec- ture on “Educational Problems,” in Plymouth | church, Brooklyn, under the auspices of the Frank- | in Literary Society. There was an audience that | more than half filled the house. The lecturer was | introduced by Mir. W. Williams, one of the officers of the society. Mr. Schurz said that he proposed to speak seri- oussy Of serious things. In no country is the sub- ject of education discussed more thoroughly than in the United States. We are in the habit of refer- Ting toa higher order of education as a specific for crime; we point to an efficient popular education as aremedy. But when the ques- tion arises of what particular method should be adopted, the trouble begins, In discussing a very tew points, he would have little to say that was - SCIENCE AND HUMOR. Opening of the Season of the Geo- graphical Society Last Night. HAYES IN ICELAND. Pictures of the Polar Regions and | Curiosities from Lapland. A large, highly respectable and evidently much interested audience witnessed the opening of the season Of the New York Geographical Society last \ night av Association Half. Every seat in the body of the hail and the gallery was filled, and the | largest proportion of the audience was composed | of ladies, The tact was noticeable and remarkable, a6 the proceedings of scfentifc vodies of the dls- tunction of the Geograpincal Society are usually supposed to be somewhat of a heavy nature, and the compliment paid the members by the presence of So Many young and eminent social auditors was very flattering. Jt was quite apparent the ladies had beard and read @ great deal about Dr. Hayes and Mr. Du chailu, and perhaps wanted to hear more of these gentlemen { and maybe to have a look at them. Atal! events | they were present last mght tn full force, and | those who expected to be treated to prosy scien- | tle discourses on abstract subjects were agree- | ably disappointed, ior there was @ good deal of fun thrown in with stores of information, Both {| were so blended, too, that the teaching slipped into the mind quite unconsciously, and people on leav- | ing the hall were surprised to ieel how much more familiar they had become with Iceland and Lapland through all that laugnter. Some gentie- men on the front seats were evidently astonished atthe growing interest in the soctety manifested by the public, by remarks they made during the evening to their companions; but if the society can maintain THE PLEASANT INTEREST thrown around its stately subjects by Dr. Hayes and Mr, Du Chaillu last night, in future sessions the compass of Association Hall will not long remain suifictent for them, Dr. Hayes’ description of the method of chaining the attention ana tail of an | Icelandio pony was very natural and humorous, | and Mr. Du Chaillu’s depiction of all the rein- deer to be seen when the animals are hunting lor moss in the snow, was strikingly realistic and agreeable. Each hada power of attracting and fascinating the listener’s attention peculiarly his own, and both were equally strong, although widely different. Dr. Hayes’ pictured tnings as they were and he saw them, but he had the tact to choose the humorous view of them and turned that to his audience, making natural re- cognition readier and more lasting. Much of the pleasure derived from Mr. Du Chaillo’s very in- structive discourse upon his recent travels in Lap- land was due to the intensely real manner in which he describes all ne suw and passed through, his choice of words now and then and his ioreign manner, Among the prominent persons present were noticeably Chief Justice Daly, Volonel F. A. Conkling, George Gabot Ward, Wiliam Renser, | colonel #. Batley meyers, General G. W. Cullem, Judge William &. Curvis, Samuel Bb, Ruggies, Francia A. Stoat, W. H. H. Moore, James M. Dailey, Professor Theodore W. i{ull, Wiliam Jones Hoppen, Dr, E. K. Stragnick, Jsauc Beiniremer, Noah Davis, Henry Morris, Ed Mathews, 5. L. M. Barlow, Peter Cooper, Rich- ard Lathers, G. H. Moore, General James Grant aud Dr. Gruening. The following gentiemen were elected fellows 1n the usual form :—Captain Wilson Deiendorf, James Dodd, Lieutenant Edward liunter, United Siates Army; Rev. James M. | Buckley, George H. Church, George J. Powers, Lieuteaant G. W. Coster, United States Navy; Ira HK. Walraven, John 5, Hittell, General. J. B. Kid- «oo, United States Army; Henry W. Bookstaver, Benjamin Wood, Benjamin Wood, Jr., Robert L. | Fabian, E. R. Meade, George BH, Wooster, Hurlow M. Hoyt, Austen G. Fox, Walworth Crane, Charles C. Haight, Henry K. Peew and Ss. Fenton, Jr, At eight o’clock precisely the attention of the audience was claimed »b; nief Justice Daly, who opened the proceedings, and it was held without cessation during the entire evening, ON THE STAGE, beside the lecturers, during the evening, were numoer of trophies and curiosities brougat from Laplana by Mr. Du Chatty, which he explained as new. Education should not teach us only what we are to know, but how to live, labor and to enjoy. Tne circumstances under which we live aro very different to those surrounding our grand- parents. The discoveries of the nineteenth cen- tury have made the art of living very dificult; if | a man is to succeed in life he must know a great | deal more than his forefathers. Yet the time we | have to do this is the same. How, then, should the time be employed ? The main thing ts to kin- dle and enforce in the impressible brain the dis- position to learn more when the teacher has passed away from his side. The training and dis- cipline of the mind ought to be the first aim of in- tellectual education. WHAT JOHN STUART MILL DID. What can you do with a mere baby? The putting of John Stuart Mill at three years of age to learn Greek was not an objectionable thing, on the usu- | ally supposed ground that it would destroy the brain or overburden it. The infant brain ts a very receptive one. Parepts ought to teach tneir chil- | dren how to aee correctly, how to hear correctly and the art of acquiring the accurate apprecta- tion and reproduction of that which has been seen and heard, How ts it, it may be asked, that intel- ligent people Who have eyes should not be able to | see correctly? [tts uot the eyes atall. it is the education of the perceptive faculties. What is true | about seeing is equally true of hearing. Nothing will 80 lead to usefulness and success in lie, a8 the conscienciaus turning over in your inind of what you see and bear. It is emphatically the duty of the mothers, brothers and sisters to practise this on the litle ones. What is done | with objects seen by the eye should be done with objects as seen by the mind. Only let brothers and sisters earnestly try to educate little ones aud they will educate themselves, This is the | first branch of education, namely, how to learn, ‘The child 18 then turned over to tue teacher. It 18, 1am sorry to say, the practice in the school to | veach many things with big names. This 18 con- ducted ou the system of question and answer and 1s especially designed for the development of human stupidity, To exercise the memory is | good, but he that relies only on the memory rans the chance of being a very great dunce. When can you and I say we kaow such a thing? Not | when we have merely remembered it, but only when we have thoroughly comprehended the thing which We have sought to memorize, SELF BPHOARION, The effect of early education 1s to make the | mind active and receptive; in one word, to fit men for that self education which 18 the daty of every man and woman, The real dificulty is when parents think that their duty 1s accomplished if they keep their children fat, warm and healthy. Of ali hard labor that of teaching is the most mis- erably paid. Ii teaching is to be well done It must be regarded a8 @ profession and as a lije sacrifice. How does all this apply to the education of the belleved they deserved it. He gave a very in- teresting accountot the Russian government, as he saw it in nis capacity of Mipister, and he likened the one man power of that government to the public opinion of this country, which he said could be made equally effectual tf every one would make it bis especial business to detect and punish crime as effectually as they vo under the rule of one man Only responsible to himself. in ali the time he had been in Russia he had never heard of & defalcation by a public officer. Tn nis op,nion, we had in this country too many lawyers, There they had less of them, and crini- inais were tndicted and tried and the culprit had begun bis punishment witnin the space of one week. It was the certainty of punishment that gave & wholesome dread of becoming amenable to the jaws. The expenses of the government of 80,000,000 of peopie was not half the amount of that spent in governing the 40,000,000 of Amert- cans, He. gave an interesting account of Russian currency and the mode of banking, giving also the amount of the debt of the great Kmpire, which he laced at $200,000,000 only, while all paper was eld equal to specie, Banks were also used there as p! 8 Of sale deposit, and all the certificates of Russian {ndebtedness could be found in the vauits of the aoe Bank 01 St. Petersburg, being held entirely by afew old families, The Gzar spen annually about 6,000,000 roubles. A few nobies live as high a8 1,000,000, and many others subsist 0n 500,000, From this he passed to most interesting ac- count of railroads in the Russian Empire. The government allows individuals to consiruct them, guaranteeing five per cent, and if the income falls sbort the money is taken trom the public Treasury to make up the deficit to stockholders. A very large number of ratiroads are owned and run by ths government, and so directly accountable are the officers that no such things as defalcavions are dreamed of. In no city was life and limb as safe asin St. Petersburg, It is well lighted, well ered and has a most efficient police, ‘and ali this is done by one man, directly responsible to the one man power. The salary of thig most efficient man, Who 13 a& the same moment mayor, alderman, council, street commissioner and all minor officers combined, 18 500,000 roubles, enough to permit j female sex? Neither @ woman nor @ man can know too much. It is certainiy true that the edu- cation Of girls should be so directed that they can earn their own livelihood, without dependence upon others. No systein of education should stim- ulate women to work their way through life inde- pendent and alone. THE DUTY OF MARRIAGP, I think tt ts the calling of women to become married. (Cheers.) It is a8 much the duty of a woman to become a wife and moter as itis for a man to become a husband and father. Good education should therefore be directed to this end; and especially is tt more important that this should be the end of woman, for the family circle makes the State. Woman in her home and asa wie and mother has the highest duties to fulfil, Our gitls should learn how to inspire ana manage @ home. I think the practice of mar- ried couples living in boarding houses and hotels 13 exceedingly destructive of this, and avery large proportion of the domestic troubles we encounter tn this country is traceable to this life of boarding houses and hotels. Very mucn of the reason 18 this, that our giris have not been taught to manage @ home. Por a home it ta not necessary there should be Turkish carpets and stiks, but it does require a wise economy and good manage- ment, A home does more than any other institu- tion to make @ nation wise and patriotic. (Cheers.) | A boarding house can never be this home, (Cheers) Education shoud then be directed to enforce upon our gitls sound knowledge as to practical economy and housenold management. When the habits of the female sex are wuch a8 to cause marriage not to be thought of because it is too risky an inves ment, and when the bearing of ctildren ts re- pe to be too troublesome, then the nation 1s ‘ast decaying and vice will pervade the whole s0- cial body, ( rs.) Woman is the natural centre of luxury and in her atmosphere it grows rank- est. bat true ts 1t with the virtues, and with woman are the virtues most completely developed, Our girls should, thereiore, be weli instructed In household economy. This should pot pe confined merely to housework. There is much to be ei to the hing A of food, r. Schurz concluded by @ summary of the points ap iad gels uo. *7 * Sting rane ne he went on, and of which he made a most important | semeut oi the evening’s entertainment. Amon, toese was a stuffed reindeer, used by Mr. Di Chatla while in the country; two sleighs—a very nicely fnishea oue, which he called a swell one? He had that, he said, because, of course. he was & swell, and a stronger, more Workaday one, which, he said, was his “down the side of mountains conveyance”—pieces ol trees remarkable for their thickness and age, Lapland skins and costumesand many other strange, Characteristic things befong- ing to the nomadic Lapianders. Chief Justice Daly, to opening the proceedings, said:—In open- ing our meeting it 1s my Melancholy duty to refer to the loss we have sustained during the past summer in the death o) our venerable ex-Presi- | dent, Mr, Henry Grinneil. Ishall uot at present | enter upon any lengthened account of his lie and Services, 4s 1t 18 due to his relation to the society, | the country and to the geographical world that » | memoir snould be prepared by a committee, with adequate resolutions, and submitced on @ luture occasion. Mr. Grinnell was one of the tounders of this society. It was to his efforts, together witu those of the late George Folsom, that the iret step was taken, a quarter of a century ago, for the establishment of the society; ald at the meeting at which it was organized, {n 1851, he was elected President, & position which, with hig characteristic modesty, he deciin jut when Mr. Bancroft had oeen chosen President he con- sented to serve as First Vice President, a position Which he heid for many years, When the late Dr, E. L. Hawks withdrew from the Presidency Mr. Grinnell consented to sccept the position, and served during the years 1862-3, when he declined @ re-election and I became his successor. He still continued, however, his active relations with the society, taking the liveliest interest tn all its pro- ceedings, 2d Was present last winter at the public reception given by the society to the crew oj the Polaris, when he brought with him and unfolded a flag which be had originally sent on the Wilkes expedition to the Antarctic, and which he after- ward sent four times to the Arctic in the respec. live expeditions oi De Haven, Kane, Hayes and Hall. It is to him we owe the first American ex- fen tothe Arctic, He furnished and provis- joned the two vessels for the expedition of De Haven in search of Sir John Franklin, which started in May, 1850, In conjunction with tne late George Peabody te manned and provisioned the brig Advance, commanaed by Dr. Kane in the second expedition of 1853. He was a large con- trioutor to the expedition commanded in 1861 by | Dr. Hayes, and he aione furnished the means to send Captain Hall on nis first journey to Pro- bisher’s Straits in 1860 in search of Sir John Frank- lin, It Wad also Chtedy turough his instrumen- tality that Captain Hall was able to make his second journey in 1863, tn which he pussed five years in the scene of his previous explorations, It was to the means, in fact, which he supplied tiat Captain Hall obtained the experience and training which led Congress to confide to uum the command of the Polaris in che last expedition, In that beautiml poem of Campbell's, written on @ blank leaf of “La Pérouse’s Voyages,” there is an expressive couplet, suggested by the strait through which the French navigator passed on the coast of Japan, and which bears his name. It is in phese words:— Fair Science on the ocean's azure robe Mtill writes his mame in picturing the globe. And so 1 hag been and will be with Henry Grinnel. In that jong line of coast known as Grinnell Land, W bich beginning tn Smith's Sound extends along the west side of Kennedy's Channel, bis name ts imperisbably written and will remain forever @ monument to the enterprising spirit, the benevolent feeling, the broad and generous aspirations of an American merchant, As Judge Daly was retiring a gentleman in the audience, &@ member of the society, begged to tn- terrupt him, and proposed that Lieutenant Wheeler, of the United states Army, a celebrated explorer, be invited to a seat on the platiorm, Judge Daly introdaced Lieutenant Wheeler, and pip et ‘d Dr. Hayes, who advanced to the lights and 8 MR. PRESIDENT AND PELLOWS OF THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY—I 4m to-night to give a brief preliminary report of my recent journey to Iceland, which was performed last summer, jointly with Mr. Cyrus W. Field, a8 a representa- tive of the society at the millennial celebration. Some portions of the details of the journey have already been published in the columns of the New York HERALD, to wolch they were lurnisned at the request Of Mr. Bennett Upon arriving in London I found Mr. Field alreaay there, but as it was impossible to obtain suitable accom~ modations on poard the jar small Steamer we were to charter one of our own, Our wishes becoming known to the London and Edinbargh Steamsiip Company, we had placea at our disposition the flue steamer yacht Albion, Captain A. Howling, master. To the company’s agent in Leith and to Mr. William Nel- son, of the Well known publishing firm o! Edin- burgh, we became indebted for every possible as sistance, and but (or thelr generous co-operation We arrived at Reiktavik, the ital of Iceland, August 2 Meanwhile the King of Christian 1X., had arrived, and Germany, Norwa: Sweden and France were there represented ships of war, The occasion was one of anantick Alte dignity and ceremony. The people wero, jowever, Impressed with the importance of t LOccaMQns Nhat the diaplay was not ip excess of | oflceland Dwight, Ehal F. } we snould hardly have bad success in our business, | Money we owed him. in due season to take part iu the first ceremonies, | was overdrawn more ti mark Norse . Our credentials veing delive: tothe proper sutnorities, we were manera? ceived, and situations were ae with rules previously down the reception of the representatives of learn societies, These were always near His Majee' the King, the Governor of the island and the Mayor of Reikiavik, The formal occasion em- braced divine service, the cathedral rival pro- ceedings at Thingvaila aud two public nengeetts The cathedral services were bie § impress) 4 Dative hymn, called “Iceland’s Thousand Years, | Was sung by the entire congregation With Mare vellous effect, (he music was fine, the voloes excellent, and the occasion being one of deep feeling to every Icelander it ta not surprising that there was exhibited adeep emotion. Never betore nave a people celebrated the thousandth ane niversary of an organized government, substan- lollowing the organic plea. and certainly is id be impossible, at the present timé, for any other people to celebrate, in this sense, ite millennial, and claim consistenth to preserve tleir language, laws and social customs practically unimpaired by the lapse of time. After the church services the King, at bis banquet, se and drank Beomperiey to the future dundred cannon echoed the sentiment, and, amid the wildest entougiasm, the new con. stitution Was proclaimed. Tris gives Iceland Practical freedom irom Denmark, and no doubt it Will tend to greatly develop the country, which posseeges Wany resources needing cultivation to muke them profitable. At present the chief e: ports are codfish, salmon and wool. While ti cultivation of these industries does not cr any large degree of individual wealth they are roductive of general somperendes I found be necessaries of iife possessed in abome dance, luxuries were uot uncommon, and the People were happy and content. The school system is most admirable, and the icelanders show a remarkable greed for learning. In the humbiest peasant hut you always find ks, Some of our English classics are transiated and published tn Keikiavik, and are greatly in demand, The bookstore was crowded whenever I visited it. Crime {8 almost unknown, the common jal! not having had an occupant, except the jailer and his family, these twenty years past; not indeed until this last summer, when the King’s stam used it ag headquarters, Reikiavik contains about 17,000 inhabitants, and is wainiy composed of comforta- ble frame ‘houses, rooied with slate, and sur rounded by little gardens, in which are cultivated potatoes, cabbages and other commou garden Vegetables. None of the cereals, not even barley: and oats, will ripen, though 1§ is said they were grown there in former times, The trees mene tioned in the ancient Sagas have wholly disappeared, 11 we except the low stunted birch and willow bushes, which, however, are not found near the coast. Thi timber needed, even for the small farm houses the interior, 18 brought from Norway. Yet the bush supplies a sufticiency of fuel iu those places, whtle near the coast, as at Reikiavik, peat alon of which there are exhaustless beds, ia tne onl; quel, except occasional supphes of Hngilsh coal. The present aspect of the island now is thatol @ forestiess girdle of green, enclosing @ volcanic desert, and inhabited by about 70,000 people. This girdle ts in places but a few wiles wide, but im Others it extends for a considerable distance up the valleys, such as those, for instance, throug! which flow the Heita (white) and Thorso rivera, In the valley*of the former are found tue geysers, jong known ag the most remarkable spouting springs in the world, until Professor Hayden's re- cent discoveries in the Yellowstone region, These 1 had the good fortune to examine with minute care. The full details of my measurements and investigations there | tee! could not pe crowded into the short space of time allotted tome this evening, and I reserve them, thereiore, for an- other occasion. The Stroner Geyser spouted quite 200 fees for our benetit, The Doctor here took occasion to reler to the map and give a general view of Norse migration irom Norway to iceland by ratiroad and America after giving a iund of loteresting information as follows:—But my otiel concern is rather with my reception as represen. tative vl the society as tne commission which was brought to a close on the classic ground o1 Ming. rello on August7, Nothing, i¢ seems to me, could | possibly exceed the grandeur of the scenery of this great lava field, crooked aod aistorted as it is in every direction, The iamous Law -Mouch or Logborg, where the Al- things met present even @ more grand and fearful @ppearance than the Old Sagas describe it. Our reception here in a proud manner, the reading of our credentiais and our bie) by the King at the close, will long be remembered, taking place, as it did, by the side of the rising watertull of tue jamed Oxara Kiver, and beneath the giant trown- ing lava cliffs of the Aimana-gia. My compantons Guring thi somewhat singuiar reception were, besides Mr. Field, Mr. Bayard Taylor, Mr. Muras Halstead, Professor Kneeland, Mr, Gladstone amd Professor Etricker Magnuson, a native Icelancer, whose admirable trausiation of the Saga will be recalied by all interested in Norse litera- ture. From all these I met with the beartiest co-operation. Mr. Taylor has recently abiished an admirable account of our wander ings in his “Egypt and iceland.” At one time it was hoped our friend Mr. Pani Du Chaillu would join us; but that eminent traveller seems on the whole to yearns to travel alone, and perhaps he ie wise, and, 8 judging by his mind, you wouid certainly ay 80; for, whether sweltering in the malarial Ee ee ot Africa or drinking in the glories of the and of the midnight sun, be is ever an active observer of men and things, and I am rejoiced to be associated here to-nignt in the general ijlustra- tion of Norseland with one who has done so much to promote our knowledge of strange places and to deserve in its beat sense the title of traveller. As Dr. closed his remarks Judgo Daly again came forward and the second t:me intro- duced M. Du vhatilu. This gentleman began by saying he had often got into big scrapes, but that was the biggest scrape he was ever tn. Still, he sald, 1 wilido the best can. He went on to ex- plain that ne did nos like the sea, but that he was at home on the mainland, After a short descrip- Uon of the coast o1 Lapland, which was the wildest he had ever seen, he gave # description of the Deight and majesty of the glacier to be seen there and the mountainous waterialla that abound along it ‘The people along the coast are all fishermen, he said, and I was 8 fisherman too ior a while, but I didu’t like it. Alter expiaining the nature of the government of the people he showed the state of the country, saying there were trees twenty icet in diameter at 70 degrees north lativude. Lap- land is the country of the reindeer, and its peopie are nomads. They live a good deal in tents, bus those ten’ e made of Wool and nota bit like those 1 have seen 1n some of onr weekly illustrated Papers. | had an idea, besore I went to Tapiand, that the people Were dark and something like the Esquimaux, but I sound J was mistaken when I got there. They are fair and ranging in #1z6 irom four eet four to four feet six. The women, when young, are very beautiil, but when old are ugly. Tms comes of their cheek bones, which grow up or protrude more as they age. Ali the Laplanders can read, and all go to church. They have a minister and schoolmaster in every district in Norway and Sweden, and you see the result in the people. Mr. Du Ohatiiu then pointed out on & map the district he had travelled over in those countries, and at the end o! his ad- dross put on tne Laplanders’ dress for the vene- fit of the audience, who seemed not only sur- prise, but delighted. The evening entertainments closed with a series of views o! Iceland, which Dr. Hayes explained as they were shown. OOE£ANIO LIFE, A meeting was held last evening at the Lyceum of Natural History, No. 64 Madison avenue, at which @ very interesting collection of some ot the rarer fofms of oceanic life was exhibited. These were intended to have been exhibited and ex- Piained to the audience by Captain J. H. Mors timer, who has made their collection in the mid- A tlantic Ocean a specialty, but, unfortunately, that gentleman was ill. In his absence, at the request of Mr. J. 8. Newberry, the President, Professor Martin explained the names of the various small creatures of the deep, and the specimens were handed round for examination. The greatest in- terest was evinced tu the rare collection, especially in the pteropods, and tt was explained to the Meeting that the collection is intended for tue Museum in the Central Park. Captain Mortimer, who commands one of the ships of the Blick Ball line, trading between New York and Liverpool, has bad the cavin of his vessel fitted up a3 @ Museam of these curiosities, and 18 constant! adding te the collection, He has also presente a large assortment of them to the Liverpool Museu, PEOPLE WE MEET, Lecture By Rev. T. Do Witt Talmage. The Rev. T. De Witt Talmage lectured last even« ing in the Presbyterian church, in Spring street, near Varick on ‘The People we Meet.’ Consider ing the tnclement weather and the condition of the streets there were a goodly number present, Among some of the people we meet he mentioned the man of pad manners and claimed that ail the clothes @ tatlor's goose could hatch out In & month of Sundays conid never make him 4 gentleman. He thought, too, that a@ lady could not be made by ail the dressmakers, millinera and perfumers in Paris or “any other seaport,” and amused bis hearers ito a hearty laugh by some pe descriptions and stories of iemales who thought they wero ladies, Then, he dilated upon the “mean man,” some of those fellows who are “pisen all toe way up the back’’—mean all through, A VICTIM OF GRIEF, Naw York, Nov, 23, 187% To THR EDiTOR OF THE HERALD:— An your notice of the death of Mr. Bellew, im’ Sunday's Heratp, you narrate a conversation ‘With his landiord in which Bellew is stated to have been lately in our employ and coming to us for He had worked for us, Make, though his account , ing sales on commission, Sad nous ean hth and last week lei fer bing ath we core his Itttlé boy passage home to New Haven. ¢ not guilty of the heartless conduc! be inferred from the story of this un~ ar Pane to bur: all sam. money tor his tite tah wine! % th as published. Yours, fortunate man’s dea PRANK ‘BORLM &