The New York Herald Newspaper, November 21, 1874, Page 3

NKW YUKK HERALD, SATURDAY, NOVEMBEK 41, 1874—WiTH SUPPLEMEN THE AMENDMENTS. Constitutional Question Regard- ing Article 3. A POINT FOR THE COURTS, PERHAPS, Views ot Statesmen and Lawyers. WAS IT BY DESIGN OR ACCIDENT? The paasage Of the several amendments to the State constitution, submitted to the people as the late election, is now beyond question, Indeed the majority they received, reckoned anywhere be- tween 200,000 and 200,000, Was lar ahead of general } expectation, The attempt of ‘‘ammany Hall to diacriminate between them and submit only such of the amendments as suited the democratic taste proved an ignominious failure. They are passed in all good faith by the people, but the law- yers are beginning to nint that a faw exists some- where; that the amendments, while sanctioned by the voz populi, are irregular by reason of the manner in which they were handled by the last Legislature. It is true that the amendments re- §pectively to articles 5 and 6, which passea the Legislature of 1873, were rejected by that of 1874. This, however, does not invali- fate the remainaer of the amendments, as each Stands independent of the other. The question the lawyers raise 1s whether an amendment parsed in its entirety by the first Legislature and Smended or tinkered vy the second ts valid even after being adopted by the people. WHAT THE CONSTITUTION Sa¥s. By article 13 of the constitution it ia declared that ‘any amendment or amendments to this tonstitution may be proposed in the Senate and Assembly, and if the same shall be agreed to by a Majority of the members elected to each of the \wo houses such proposed amendment or amend- men\s shall be entered on their journals, with the yeas tnd nays taken thereon, and referred to the Legislature to be chosen at the next general elec- | tion of Senators ana shall be published for three months previous to tne time of making such choice, and if in the Legisiature so next chosen as @foresaid such proposed amendment or amend- ments shail be agreed to by @ majority of all the members elected to each Hoase, then it shall be the auty of the Legislature to submit such pro- posed amendment or amendments to the pedple 4m such manner and at such time as the Legisia- ture shall prescibe, and if the people shall approve and ratify such amendment or amendments by a | Majoriiy of the electors qualified to vote for mem- bers of the Legislature voting thereon, such Smendment or amendments shall become part of the constitution.” WHAT 13 INFERRED. Here it will be observed it is distinctly laid down that in case of the adoption by the second Legisla- ture of the amendment or amendments passed by she first it shall be the duty of that body to submit much amendment or amendments to the people. Nothing is said to sanction the submission of a mutilated amendment to the popular approval, @nd it was clearly never contemplated that the amendments passed on by the first snould suffer Individually by addition or omission of part or Parts at the hands of Legisiature number two. ONE WHO KNOWS, Mr. A Oakey Hail, in conversation with a re- Porter of the HERALD, stated that he was officially engaged to look into this very question. He feels Satisfied that in case of any single amendment not being adopted in its entirety by two successive Legislatures it cannot stand. Take the instance ofthe amendment to article 3. Here there was orig- inally a section (No. 4) providing fora census in 1876 and every tenth year thereafter. This passed the Legislature of 1873, and was rejected by that of 1674, on the grounds, as it would appear, that it Was no amendment at all, but an unnecessary re- enactment of the original provision in the consti- tution, But the original section in the constitu- tion had a further provision for a periodical re-arrangement of Senate districts on the basis of the census taken. The wisdom of the Constitational Convention set its face against the gerrymandering propensities of par- es and declared for the principle of permanency im the Senatorial districting of the State. Mr. Hall sees in the unsanctioned omission of section & by the last Legislature a prospect of grave complications. THE OMITTED SECTION Btood at the head of the most important series of Bmendmeuts inthe whole batch. For example, they swept away the very fountain of corruption at Albany—namely, special legislation ; increased the pay of memovers so as to give them no excuse to steal, and resolved back to first principles the theory of local or democratic government, To bring the question before the courts as to the reg- larity of the amendment willbe a simple mat- ter, andif it be decided that the constitutional requirements were Violated the work will have to be done over again. WHAT 4 COUNTRY MEMBER THINKS, Mr. Lincoin, of Ontario county, wno was in town yesterday, said there was nothing to fear about the amendment tc article 3 “It was passed,” said he, “by the people, and that was enough. it was they made the constitution, and they can unmake it when they like. This talk about the irregularity of one of the amend- ments will do jor the iawyers, but no court in the land would decide in equity that there was any- thing unconsututional in what has been done The people made the constitution, ana they have & right to repair it iu thelr own way, in spite of quibbies or irregularities,” + & DISTINGUISHED LAWYER In Pine street said yesterday to the HERALD re- porter:—‘l have not given much attention to tne question. ! ain not aware that these amendments bave been passed; but il they have, and that none Individually has been adced to, they must stand Ag purt of tee constitution.’ REPORTER--Suppose that one of these amend- ments had @ section sanctioned by No. 1 aud re- jected oy No. 2 Legisiature ? DISTINGUISHED LaWYER—That amendment would then have to be submitted to another Legislature, snd passed precisely by the one as it was passed by the other, REPoRTER--When one or more amendments are entirely rejected by one Legisiature after being passed by another, can the people nave any chance of passing their opinion on them ? DISTINGUISHED LAWYER—Not constitutionally, The regular course must be ovserved. it is fair to presume that when the peopie's representatives feject an amendment to the constitution te people themselves woud do the same, ANOTHER RURAL LIGHT, Speaking to Air. Vedder oi Cattaraugus, member bf Assembiy last year, the reporter learned that Im the country there is a pretty generai notion tbat the amendment to ariicie 3 ts in danger ond Will fall Larough when brought to the judicial it. Said Mr. Vedder, ‘Ihe regwiarity of its pas- ge is in question and can be made an issue at Any time alter the ist of January ana in a hon- dred ways. li a member, under ‘his amendment, should demand his pay at the rate of $1,500 and the Comptroiler chose to reiuse tt, on the ground bf the illegality of the amendment, a case would be made at once. Or if the Legisiature gave a charter tor something or other in coniravention 1 the terms of the amendment another opening ‘Would over itsell to test its constitutionality,” THE (NTERRST IN THE QUESTION, At this time, when the constitutional amend- Ments, never hitherto mach regarded and but tm- perlectiy understood, are absorbing so much at- ention among 4A and others throughout the State tt may ve weil to glance at the debate this Most important amendment to articie 3 o¢- Casioned in the two houses uf the Legislature last Winter. It will be noticed that there was con- ideradle apprenension that if sectiond was leit Out the other sections would be put tn jeopardy, The democrats, as a rule, spoke in lavor of tne re- Jection of the section, and, tuough many repaoil- cans spoke tn opposition, they were round voung the contrary way, THE SENATE DESATR. Mr. Robertson, in the Senate, gave tt as bis Opinion that the section could be stricken out Without endangering tne rest of tne sections, Mr. Ganson (democrat) was in favor ot striking Out the section. its practical eftect was to dis- franchise a large seétion of the peopie of the State, it would be obviously unjust to keep any ction in the constitution that would promote ad equality in representation, Mr. Woodin sata he haa grave aoubts as to the Integrity oO! articles i the iourth section was Stricken out, Some of the Senators had intimated thac they thougnt otherwise, but had not given She reasons on which they based their opinion. ‘The question for the Seuate to decide was at to whether the to the amendments, and the people would hold them responsible for tnetr de- Cisivn. He thought the section under considera. tion might be submitted to the people as a distinct almendment, and so uly iNconvenience might be avoided, Mr. Parmenter (aemocrat) spoke in favor of Striking out the section. He considered that the enate could do so without affecting the remain- der of the article, and the justice of doing 80 Was wot disputed. The motion to strike out section 4 Of article 3 was then adopted by a vote of 26 to 2 THR HOUSE DEBATE. In the House au animated debate arose on a Similar motion to strike out section 4 of article 3. Mr, Prince admitted that @ mistake had beea Was also O/ vpinion that it wouid not be indorsed by the people, Be regarded it, however, as an in- dependent proposition, which could be stricken Out Without endangering the article. Mr. Beebe said the Legisiature waa required to vote by yeas aud nays on this article in its en- tirety, and it would be extremely unsafe to mu- tilate tt in accordance with the verbal opinion of some jegai gentiemen. They had no rigit to as- suine that the people would not indorse this fourth section, The articie was regarded as a complete entty by the laat House, and they had no right to separate any portion of it. The acuon proposea would be noting but a mere mockery of legisia- tion. Mr. Weed regarded the section as an insuper- able objection, It would work great hardships upon the people, and perhaps lead to unfortunate complications. He was not opposed to the re- mainder of the article, but could not vote with this section tn it. Mr. Vedder thought the gentleman from Queens (Mr. Prince) had tacked down from the ground occupied by him previously, which was that these articles could not ve amended in any way. He thougnt that the articie embodied the principle that the Assembly and Senatorial districts should remain as they are lorever. If this section is stricken Out we change # principle adopted by the Jast Legisiature. li we change section 4 we radi- cally change the principle of the article and it will embody an entirely dierent principle. He did not think the section could be touched without endangering the passage or the Validity of the article. Mr. Prince called attentfon to the fact that this article contained important provisions respecting general and special legisiation., He thougnt there was very little douot about the safety o! the pro- posed cuurse, but he was willing that tue amend- Ment should be committed without instructions, so that ample legal advice might be obtained, On the fual vote the motion to strike out was carried by a large majority. THE OTHER IRREGULARITY, {n the amendment to article 7 as passed by the Legislature of 1873, paragraph 6, runs as (ollows :— “the Legisiature shall not sell, lease or otherwise dispose of the Erie Canal, tne Oswego Canal, the Champlain Canal, the Black River Canal or the Cayuga and Seneca Canal, but they shall remain the property of the State and under its manage- Ment jorever.” The Legislature of 1874 struck out the Black River Canal irom these conditions, and thus the amendment was not paesed in 118 entirety. But it Was clearly proved that the men- tion o! the Black River Canal was done surrepti- to the satisiaction of House and Senate. No court will be likely to entertain a case as regards the invalidity of this amendment, aud it may ve concluded it 1s satcly out of tue woods. THE DEATH OF SPECIAL LEGISLATION. It may be as weil tocite here the exact words of that part of the amendment to articie 3 which 1s 80 exercising the thoughts of every commercial member 0: the Legislature and every lobbyist and everybody else who hopes to make money at Al- bany next winter. Paragraph 18 says:—The Legislature shall not passa private or local bill in any of the following cases:— Changing the names of persons. Laying out, opening, altering, tinuing roads, highways or alleys, or for diainiug swamps or otlier low lands. ‘Locating of changing county seats. Providing for chanzes of venue in civil or criminal A6e3. Incorporating villages. roviding tor election of members of boards of super- visors. Selecting, drawing, summoning or impaneliing grand or peut jurors. Regulating the rate ot interest on money. ‘yhe opening and conducting of ele@tiuns or designating pluces of votin Creating, inc! allowances ot p durin officers are elected or appointe Granting to any corduration, assoc! the right (o lay down railroad tracks. Granung w any private corporation, assoctation or in- dividual any exclusive privilege, immunity or trancnise whatever. i Providing for building bridges, and chartering compa- nies ror such purposes, except on. the litidson River be- Jow Wateriord, and on the Last iiver, or over the waters forming part of the boundaries of the State. THE FIRST LOST AMENDMENT. The amendment to article 5, which was de- featea last winter, proposed that the Comptroller ei lic oficers, the term tor which tion or individual game general electiun and for the same term as | the Governor; the Attorney and State Engiueer and Surveyor to be appointed by the Governor, vo hold their offices until the end o1 the term of the Governor by whom they might be nominated; a superintendent of State Prisons to be appointed by the Governor and hola his office ior five years; sembly in joimt ballot, and to hold nis office ior three years; the Lieutenant Governor, Comp- troller, Secretary of State, Attorney General, ‘Treasurer and State Engineer und Surveyor to ve Commissioners of the Land Oftice; the oitice of Commissioner of the Canal Fund to be abolisned and the duties to be periormed by the Comptroiler ; the Cana! Board to consist of the Lieutenant Governor, Secretary 0! State, Treasurer, Attorney imtendert of Public Works, A superintendent of public works to be appointed by the Governor, His duties are the execution of all laws relating to the repair and navigation o1 the canals, and also of thuse relating to the construction and im- provements o/ the canals. Ail other persons em- ployed in the care and management o1 the canals, except collectors of tolis and those in the Depart- ment of the State Engineer and Surveyor, to be appointed by the Superintendent o1 Public Works, and be subject to removal or suspension by him, The Superintendent to periorm all the duties of the Canal Commissioners and Board of Canal Com- missioners. i ‘Yhis excellent amendment was passed by the Legisiature of 1873; was defeated in that of 1874. ‘There was a grand rally of the canal interests, and, through @ corrupt combination of democrats and republicans, the proposed measure was killed, not, however, before a vigorous struggle on the part of the few honest reformers in both houses, THE SECOND LOST AMENDMENT, The amendment to article 6, which shared the same fate as the other, proposed that the electors of the several towns shoulu, at tae annual town meeting, elect justices of the peace for tour years. before the expiration 01 a iull term, they should ,hold ofice tor the residue oj the unexpired term, their number and classification to be regulated by law. might be removed by such courts as might be prescribed. Judicial oilicers of courts not of record in tne several cities of the State, having a ponniseat of uot less than 300,000, to be appointed y the Governor for four years. All other judicial officers in cittes, not otherwise provided for in the article, to be chosen by the electors of cities or appointed by the local authorities, THE TRUST OOMPANY'S TROUBLES, Farther Developments Through the In- vestigation—Action of the Commis- sioner. New Haven, Conn., Nov. 20, 1874. The investigation into the affairs of the New Haven Life and Trust Company by Commissioner Steaman continues, The developments lead to the conclusion that the nominal assets of the company are impaired to the extent of $400,000; that no portion of the aileged paid up capital of $100,000 has been paid in, and that the claims for of adjustment amount to $69,000. Several suits have recently been commenced against the com- pany. Commissioner Stedman has given the offi- cers until Monday of next week in which to re. review their books, at the expiration of which make appitcation to the Court of Probate for the @ppointment of a irustee, THE WASHINGTON BURGLARY TRIAL Mr. Smithers’ Argument for the De- fence—Explanation of Harrington’s Connection with Evans’ Books. WASHINGTON, Nov. 20, 1874, The burglary trial was resumed to-day. Judge announced that he would hold court to- morrow. As Mr. Davidge was still ill Mr. Smithers @adressed the jury for the defence. He severely criticised Mr, Columbus alexander for not having exposed the whole conspiracy when he was ap- proached by the mea who visited him ana thus put & stop to tt at once, and all concerned supposed that there was some power behina the scheme, and so darrington Placed the books of John O. Evans in the safe to see where they could be traced. Alexanaer, he sald, bit at the bait readily, and he owes a debt of gratitude to iioaat posure, Which save disgrace, He claimed that Carter was the man Whole plot. grams seriacim, claiming the letters occurring in them reiated to Generai Howard and Hopper. He treated them, however, as of littie importance, He then closed his argument. Mr. Harrison expressed an Intention of addres: ing the jury on tuesday next, The Oourt then aqjvurned. SUIOIDE OF A WOMAN, Lena Goldsmith, @ married woman, thirty years of age, living at No, 130 Fitst avenue, commit:ed by hanging herself with a clotuesiine at x Tesi ast Bight. She wi judering irom ‘the OV il effects Of ligdor at rt the time, made in inserung the section referred tu, and he | 3 REPUBLICAN POLITICS. | RUSSIAN RAILWAYS. | Rumored Reorganization of the | Effect of the New Development Entire Party. on the Question of the East. General Grant, Thurlow Weed, Governor Military and Commercial Advantages—in- Dix and Senator Conkling Said To creased Power of the Czar. Have Been in Council. A Heavy Blow at the Trade of England. The local leaders of the republican party were startled out of their propriety yeaterday afternoon by @ strange and sudden rumor, Rain pouring Straight down, mud ankie-decp, siush tn ever- deepening pools, and @ cold, cutting wind had little restraining power over these mag- nates. They took no notice of the discomforts in the streets, but braving all difficulties and run- ning all risks of rain, mud, slush and cold, nurried from place to place in search of information. When the mind ts burdened the body is not over Lonpow, Nov. 6, 1874, Only a few weeks ago the Emperor of Russia, whose power within his own dominions 18 unilm- ited, received M. Ferdinand de Lesseps, the most enterprising engineer in the world, in a private interview at Ems, I saw them both snortly after- ward, and they appeared almost equally impressed by the results of the conversation they had had terminating at Radomsk, where the line 1s jolneu vo that of K 4 THE GREAT MILITARY POWER. It does not require much military genius to com- | Pretend the enormous power which will hence- | forth be wielded by Russia; nor is it necessary to | ; have an intimate knowledge of strategy in order | to estimate the advantages she will possess in | case Of war with any of her neighbors, Moreover, | ft 18 Idle to suppose that the benefits she will te- | rive from the railway system are purely of a miit- | tary character, Commercial and loca! interests ; have been considered with scrupulous good faith. | The Russian people wil participate tully in the | | profit accruing from the increased facilities in the means of communication open to them, and it is invain todeny that a vital blow has been struck at the trade of England. AMUSEMENTS. LET US HAVE PEACE. North Carolina Salutes Massachue setts and New York, THE LATE DEMOCRATIC VICTORIES, The Era of Real Peace and Reconstruction. MvarrersBoroven, N. C., Nov. 16, 1874 The North Carolinians are not specially demon« Italian Opera—“Mignon.” Strative, y are not gtven to explosions of Mile. Albani appeared at the Academy of Music | €Mthusiasm. They possess, in an eminent degree, | last evening, giving her final impersonation ot the | the discreet virtue of conservatism—that (mertia | herotne of thomas’ opera. The familar numbers | Wich, in politics no tess than physics, 18 force 1m | Of the title rdle received unusual care at her ‘8 highest form. Resistance, rather than action, hands, and in every scene her acting was charm. | is the Strong element in their character, Not to Uously, and the Clerk’s journais attested the iact | working or discon- | sing or decreasing tees, percentage or | and Secretary of State should be chosen at the | the Treasurer to be chosen by the Senate and As- | | General, State Engineer and Surveyor and Super- | In case of an election to fllla vacancy occurring | Justices of the peace and judges or justices | of inferior courts not oi record, and their clerks, | death losses and matured enduwments in process | time if @ satisiactory exnibit ts not made he will | The | Harrington and Richards | on for having made the ex- | him from blackmail cr eise | with whom Hayes consulted and the author of tue | Mr. smithers expiained ull the mysterious tele. | delicate, and the minds of leading republicans were very much burdened yesterday. This heaviness of the mental atmosphere deadened the sensitiveness of their persons and they rusned | about heedless of surroundings, intent only on One object. All this disturbance, uneasiness ana commotion was callea into life by a rumor started no one knew how, by whom or where. The rumor said—and it had not changed the qualtty of its | news throughout the day, @ rather singuiar | circumstance for a rumor—that an understand. ing had been arrived at between President Grant, Thurlow Weed, General Dix and Senator Conkling, apon which the reorganization of the republican party was to be made ‘‘as soon as Min- ister Washburne arrived in Washington.” It added that General A:thur was to be requested to give his chair in the Custom House to Mr. Husted, and that Senator Murpny, District Attorney Bliss and John Ll, Davenport were to be SACRIFICED TO THR PARTY weal. Who the fortunate successors of these gen- tlemen were, upon whose shoulders the hopes of the whole organization were in iuture to be an- chored, the rumor did not say; but that only made it the more interesting; for each group and shade | of opinion had tts favorites it wanted to see suc- cessiul. Several messengers were despatched from | @ local centre to ascertain if the Governor were in town, and when these messengers returned to where they had started from with the information | that Dix wag iu Albany perplexity was | doubled and doubt almost gave place to relief. “Politics makes strange bedtellows,” said one | poutical lignt who made _ part oO OT | body discussing the sitaation on the | | sidewalk in front of the Cusiom House, *‘It can’t be that there ts any truth in this thing,” said another, ‘for:such a combination as | | they speak of is next to impossible. Governor Dix | 1s thorougaly dissaustivd with Senator Conkling, and I very much doubt if he ts better pleased wita | the President.” “Well,” broke in another, “Gov. ernor Dix would come into line for the good of the party, [ suppose, as well as another.” “You see,” sald the first speaker, a prom- inent local republican politician, “the Governor is annoyed with Senator Conkling because he at- triputes his defeat in great part to him and the remainder to the President. Governor Dix wanted | the Senator to speak out on the third term ques- | tion, and the Senator was biding his time, Of course the Governor being a candidate could say | nothing Ou the aubject until a late hour im the canvass, but for the party interests he | was desirous of seeing the Senator ad- | aress the voters and putting the party | right in the State on the subject of the Presiden- thal renomination, Mr. Conkling was over cautious, He wanted to remain in the background as long as possible. In other words he dit not want to com- mit himsel! unul he knew what the President felt on the subject. General Grant’s stubbornhess all through this matter before the last election caused great uneasiness as well as LOSS TO HIS FRIENDS and republicans everywhere, He was expected to speak up to the last moment, and all arranges | ments were made with a view to bis giving a strong dental to these third term discussions which were going on all over the country. Tnere may ve somethiug in this rumor, of course. No one | can tell what will Fapeeny butafew days ago it certainly did not look likely, It seems to me scarcely probable that President Graut would take any steps now, when. as every one knows, Mr. Washburne is on bis way home. We need none of us to be told wnat Mr. Washburne is going to un- dertake when he arrives in Washington, and un- less he has requested certain steps to be taken preparation for bis work I can’t understand what thisnews means, Iwill not deny that! tnink there is something in it, Husted has been spoken of belore for a place here, but 1t wus the naval office they mentioned or him, not General Arthur’s chair; at all events, what there may be behina this rumor will only be known alter Washburne is here, I am quite satished General Grant understands the verdict of the peopie as spoken in the late election. Nothing could more plainly show their feeling on the question of renomination’ than the way they voted, and am inclined to | think the President understands that. He will accept the situation and mike anew deal. Who may gO out of office it is very dificult to say, but there are few leading men in the republican ranks who would not be glad to step aside and make room jor more popular chiefs tor the good of the party. In my opinion the change will ve a sweep- ing one and it will come soon,”? General arthur had not neard the news until it was communicated to him by a HERALD re- porter, He put no faith whatever in its truth, saying “if anything o1 the Kind had taken place | 4 would have heard of it from headquarters, We may rest assured these gentlemen named as hay- | ing met have not veen together lately. If | the Presigent should think fit to call upon me in the interest of the public welfare lam quite ready to comply with his desires. I think, however, you can rely on my assurance there is no foundation in this intelligence.” Mr. Weed sald he ad = had view with the President lately. General Dix he had not seen since Tuesday last, and while everything was possiole in life and politics, the | state of affairs depigted by the rumors as having occurred and being about to take place were most | improbable, ‘To be sure,’’ said Mr. Weed, “every- thing is wild; politics are unsettied, and that alone would give rise to many rumors; but I nave not seen General Grant tor several montis, so that, as taras lam personally concerned, this in- telligence is & canard.’’ Last night some of the local lights got an inkling of what was going for- ward, and a general excitement and anxiety were the result, no inter- THE GALLOWS. Execution of Shade W. Westmoreland for the Murder of William Emberlin—De- tails of the Crime. CHATTANOOGA, Tenn., Noy. 20, 1874. Shade Woods Westmoreland, after lying in jal for more than two years, was executed here to- day for the murder of William Emberlin on the 24th of May, 1872, Westmoreland had been living in the family of his victim and had, in the absence | of the latter, as 1s alleged, become unauly intimate | | with the wife of his host. Emberlin, upon his return, hearing of the reports current, became violently incensed toward his former triend, and several quarrels ensued, whicn finally resulted in the murder of the unfortunate husband in the pres- ence of his wife and children. ‘the fact o1 the | Killing was pot disputed, the claim being set up | that It was done tn sell-defence. The woman was | arrested for complicity, but upon examination was discharged, there being no evidence to incul- pate her. His trial was put off three times, The first occasion was owing to the prevalence of the cholera, which caused an adjournment of the ; Court. He was finally tried, found guilty and sen- tenced to death. An appeal was taken, which was argued at the September Term in Knoxville, resulting in a confirmation of the sentence, and Oppointing tbis, the 20th of November, tor its ex- ecution. THE EXRCUTION. The execution was witnessed by about 5,000 People, Westmoreland confessed the murder, but | said that false swearing had placed him in his present condition and expressed a hope of meet- ing those who bad sworn his life away tn the vet- ter world, The rope was cut at twenty-five min- utes past one P. M., and in ten minutes Westmore- land was prouounced dead. Io fliteen minutes be was cut down and bia remains tuterred in the City vemetery. OHARITY AND THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD:— In view of the near approach of a winter | of unprecedented need for charitable relief, I pro- | pose that the directors of the Americau Institute | allow the building to be open one week beyond the advertised time for closing, and that they allow the exhibitors to occupy the space now occupied by them without charge; that they allow their goods to remain; that they reduce the admission (ee twenty- five cents and abolish the free list; the receipts, ex- clasive of employés’ salaries and the small lnci- dental expenses, to be given to diferent charitas bie institutions to be distributed to toe poor. This idea lam confident can be made practica- ble with the help orthe few particularily inter- ested. [being an exnibicor of three different ar- ticles at the fair, aud being acquain with ous- inessmep throu: from _ cons | versation | ba’ bay when that they would . | ark | Wilingiy give their help, ; communication. together. The imagination of M. de Lesseps was ail on fire, and he had planned a@ series of public works which would change the face of ail the earth if it were carried Into execution—and M, de Lesseps is not a man whois likely to abandon a project after he has once conceived it. Dificulties do not frighten him, because he is accustomed to deal with them, He knows perfectly weil how money can be raised and how a new scheme can | be foated by bold dnanciering. {t is also worthy of note that the credit of all descriptions or Ressian paper guaranteed by government is extremely good; and although her currency 13 | subject Lo awkward fluctuations at times, her five | per cent bonds are two and a half per cent above par according to the last quotations of the Stock Exchanges of Europe. Moreover, it is a fact of which capitalists are well aware, that the Emperor of Russia has full power to pledge the re- sources of his country to any extent; and, also, ghat he is an honest man who will keep his en. gagements with honorable fidelity. As soon, therefore, 98 Russia asks for cash to make new | railways, whatever sum she requires will be placed unhesitatingly at her service. It may | here be observed that, in the year 1860, when the | United States nad upwards of 30,000 miles of | railroad, Russia haa varely 1,000 miles, ‘10-day there are already 10,000 miles of ralis laid down in Russia against 70,000 in the Cnited States. This progress, or rather abrupt awakentng to progress, is in every respect remarkable; the increase during the last decade being tenfold in Russia, while in the United States the length of railway mileage ts nearly doubled. In plain truth, there- fore, it is now clear that Russia is determined to possess herself of the highroad between Europe and India, and to deprive the old route of its traf- fic. England does not seem sufiiciently aware of this fact, aud as she has become accustomed to re- ceive her Indian news through the columns of the | New York HERALD it ts doing her a friendly turn | to call her attention to It. THE RUSSIAN RAILROAD SYSTEM is now divided into two great sections. The first comprises the roads running in a northwestern direction towards the southeast. The second em- braces inose roads which connect the northeastern | provinces with the districts of the southwest. Some necessary variations excepted it will be seen that the whole of the vast regions | of the Russian Empire have been mapped out into immense squares, producing at a cursory glance sometning like the effect of a chess board. The remotest parts of the country are thereby brought into unbroken communication with each other, while at the same time all the lines have been centralized at the second metropolis of the Empire. From Moscow no less than six different Toads radiate in various directions, although it would appear, after patient examination of the map, that the city of Orel 1s the most central point of the Czar’s dominions. When the great network, which has been planned with consum- mate engineering skill, is finished—and it nas been brought very near to completion—the travel- | ler may go in astraight line (rom St. Petersburg to the Crimea or to the borders of Persia, while the banks of the river Volga, as weil as Une base of the Ural Mountains, may be reached with equal facility. THE MYSTERIBS OF THE GREAT EMPIRE, which has excited so much curiosity and so much speculation, will thus be revealed to the world. The country, often supposed to be wholly bar- barons, will be more justly appreciated and its in- habitants better understood. These Rassian rail. roads have been constructed on a system which evinces much method and forethought. The lead- ing features of it seem to indicate that the national government, which exercises supreme power, is determined to make 1t felt through the length and breadth of the land, as completely as that of the civic authorities controls the concerns of a small town. Thus a city engineer will lay | down the plan according to which new | streets are to be built, and unless he aid | so every person might think he had a right to erect fancy structures, and we should see nothing but grotesque deformity. The Rus- sian government has wisely decided that there shall be no chance work appited to her means of It nas taken care that they shall be devised and carried out with a comprehensive view to the commercial and social interests of che | people and that they shall strive for strategic | purposes which will render her almost invincible | as a military nation, or, at all events, secure trom attack, The advantages which Russia has ac- quired by ner political foresight in this direction are traly astounding. An army could be brought down from the vicinity of Moscow or St, Peters- | burg to any given point with anexampied ceier- | ity. Masses of troops could be thrown on either the Prussian or Austrian frontiers simaltaneously | by #ix or seven different rpads, Un the other | hand, shonid there be AN INVASION OF RUSSIAN TERRITORY, the invading army would necessarily be exposed at every point to flank movements. The sub- joined statement, which I have derived from an acthentic source, and which deserves the at, tentive perusal of Lord Salisbury—wno Is probably the only English Cabinet Minister abie to compre. hend its !mportance—briefly enumerates the various roads described in the two sections above mentioned, and conveys an interesting idea of the through tratc which will be shortly established between the extreme terminal points of these iron lines, | | \ | TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS. The first section comprises the ratiways which commence at the northwestern Itmits of the Em- pire and end in a southeast direction :— First—Ffrom Helsingiors (Finiand), with a branch to Tavastcnanes, turough Viborg to St. Peters- vurg, and thence to Moscow. ,Second—From Riga to Dunaburg, thence to Vitebsk, Smolensk, Grel, Kursk, Knurkov, termi- nating at Taganrog, in the Sea of Azot. Third—From Libau to Kowns, tence to Vilna, Pilusk, Zytomvi, Berditchey, Stanisiavchez, Ba:ta, terminating at Odessa, Fourth—-From Vitevsk to Mohylev, Nije: Paltava, Simferopol, terminating at Sebastopo Futh—From Eydtkuchnen, connecting with Koen. igsburg to Bialystock and Brese-Litewskl. Sixth—From Novo-Georgievskt to Warsaw, gorod, Lubin, Zamose, Tomaszon, terminad the direction of Lemourg, in Austria, . THE SECOND SECTION OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS comprises the following road: First—From St, Petersburg to Narva, Revel and Baltic ports. to Duanaburg, Ivan- ng in ,Second—From St. Petersburg Vilna, Grodas, Bialystock, Warsaw, Sklerniwicz, Radomsk, Czenstochswa and Szerakowo, At these points connections are made With the Si- lesian and Austrian unes, At Skierniwtcz there is @ branch connecting with thorn dhe and | at Vilna there {8 w connection turough Kowno | with Keenigabarg. Third—From Moscow to Simolensk, thence to Mohylev, Minsk @nd Bresc-Litewski, terminating | at Warsaw, | ton of her native ing. In the first concerted piece which follows the Maria,” was full of childiike devotion, and con- trasted with the brilliant roulades of the heartless, designing actress, Fiina, In the touching descrip- land, on cunosci il bel suol,” and in the “Swallows” duet the tender feeling of Mignon was well portrayed by Mile, Albani. In the second act the toilet scene, tnciuding the well Known “Styrienne,”? was full of artiess gayecty and innocent coquetry. The | despair aud jealousy of Mignon tn tue turd act, When she contemplates suicide, were forcible and natural and devold of mere staginess. Very beau- tiful, also, Was tie lyric and dramatic picture pre- Mignon’s return to her ancestral bome. Mile. Heilbron, Who undertook the" rdle of Filima, was eVidentiy laboring Uuder the effects 0! tluess, as | her voice was Weaker than usual, She mauaged, however, to secure an encore in the Polacca. Miss Cary, Dedassini, Fiorini and Scolara appeared as Federico, Gugitelmo, Lotario and Laerves, and | filled the rOles in the sime manner as at the first representation of the opera this season. | No operatic pertormance will be given at the | Academy of Music to-day, the Mass vetng mdet- | nitely postponed. On Sunday evening “ll Trova- tore’? Will be sung at (ve Grand Opera House, and the programme io1 the week at the Academy is as foilows :—Monday, “Eroant;’? Wednesday, *Lohen- grin,” with Mile, Albani as Elsa, Miss Cury as Or- | | trud, Carpi as Lohengrin, Del Puente as Frederick, | Scolara as the King and Hail as the Meraid; ‘Pharsday, “I! Barbiere di Sevigha;” Friday, **Loh- engrin;” Sarurieys darewell matinée, On Sacur- day nignt, November 28, Verdi's “Requiem Mass’? will be presented in Brookiyn, and on the follow- ing evening there wili be likely a performance of “Don Giovanni” at the Grand Opera House. On Monday, November 30, the company appear in Philadelphia. The Fifth Avenue Theatre. Last night Sterling Coyne’s brilliant comedy, “Everyboay’s Friend,” was produced at this house. The uniavorable state of the weather was feit in the attendance. Mr. Jamee Lewis, who un- dertook the rd/e of Major Wellington de Boots, made quite a success. He wasas amusing as ever in the character of the gallant militiaman, who feared notuing but his wile, The cast included Miss Davenport as the Widow Swausdown, Miss Jewett as Mrs, Felix Featherly and Mrs. Gilbert as Mrs. | Wellington de Bovis, It is needless to say that the representation gave infinite pleasure to the audience, who laughed heartily us point of the droll situations were unrolled. The piece was simply put on usa “stop gap” to fill up the tine tor the production o! Mr. Boucicauit’s play of the “Heart of Mid-Lothian,” whica will be produced this evening with a remarkably powerlul cast. ‘nis remarkable drama never had a betver chance of being weil presented, as each of the roles will be filled by an artist of merit, Mrs, Conway’s Theatre. The engagement of Miss Clara Morris at Mrs. Conway’s Brooklyn Theatre has proved a success, | Last evening, the last but one of ber engagement, “Camille” was presented on the bill, und drew a house crowded in every part. Upon Miss Morris in the principal dle centred all the interest | i of the audience—an interest sustained with increasing intensity irom the opening of the piece to the dénouement, which repre- sents the close of the ephemeral life, wild and sad, of the heroine. Generally the sub- sidary characters in .the piece were very well vepresented. The only exception tu the complete enjoyment of a very appreciative audience was in the acting of the Second chiacter im the piece, | Armand Duval, With Miss Morris, however, con- tinually present, the drawback was not much telt, Matinces. WaLLack’s THEATRE.—The first matinée per- formance of Mr. Boucicault’a great play, “Tne Shaughraun,” will be given this aiternoon. It is the hit of the season, and every night since ita | production Wailack’s Theatre has been crowded with enthusiastic audiences. Bootn’s THEATRE.—Mr. Joseph Jefferson avpears | at the matinée performance at this house in Boucicauit’s ever popular play, “Rip Winkie.”” THE LycruM.—The Emily Soldene troupe will sing Lecocg’s velightiul opéra boufe, “La Fille de Madame Angot,” in English, This company ts rapidly growing in public estimation, and since the production of ‘Madame Angot’s Daughter’ this pleasant little house is nightly crowded, THR Frrtu AVENCE.—The “School for Scandal,” which has proved so successful, will be presented atthe matinée performance in this theatre for the last time this season. Sreinway HALL.—The last matinée of Mac- cabe’s very clever monologue performance will be given this afternoon. The departure of this amusing and refinec entertainmeat will be re- gretted by a large portion of the public, who have enjoyed many hearty laughs without being sub- Jected to vuigarrity. Mrs. CONWAY’s BROOKLYN THEATRE.—*‘Camille”” will be played at the matinée performance at this house, with Miss Clara Morris in the title rdve, THE PaRK THEATRE.—‘‘ihe Glided Age’ still Temains the attraction at this house. Colonel Sellers will be delighted to see bis iriends at the matinée entertainment. Woop’s McsEUM.—“Little Rifle’ and “The Three Thieves’ will surnish inteliectuai entertain- ment to the audience at the matinée performance at this house, NiBLo’s.—Whoever wants to see real Indians | and areal scalp dance may satisfy their curiosity | by attending the matinée performance at this | theatre. OLympic.—“A Trip Round New York" and a wide | selection of variety performance will be given at the matinée to-day. THE RoMAN HIPPODROME.—The “Grand Congress of Nations’ comes to an end at the Hippodrome to-day, a8 @ new pageant will be produced on Monday. The usual matinée performance takes place to-day. THEATRE COMIQUE.—The chief attraction at the matiuée to-day will be Hart and Harrigan in their new Irish buriesque, “The Ciauceya,” in which tney introduce a newsong, ‘fhe Day SVe Ceie- brate.”” BRYANT’s OpsRa HovsE.—The sable minstrels Wilgive their usual family entertainment at the matinge to-day. THE GLope.—“The Lakes of Killarney” and a variety entertainment will make up the matinée perlormance at this house. ‘Taz SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS.— A family mati née will be given to-day. “Mrs, Jarley’s Wax Works” will be the great attraction. TONY Pastoa’s.—‘The Flower Girl of New York’! and Tony Pastor specialties at the matings to-day ERT NOTES, Mr, W. T, Richards ts going to reside at New: port. Mr. &. W. Perry bas returned to his studio with ®@ collection of figure pieces more or less advanced. There will be sixteen figures in Mr, J. B, Irving's Picture of “Cardinal Wolsey and His Court Fool.”” Mr. J. G. Brown has returned from Huntingdon, Fourth—From Moscow to Toula, thence to Orel, where the line connects with tat descrived iv section 1, No. 2 | Fifth—From Kozlot to Griazi, and thence to Orel, to Woronetz and to Zarizyn on the River Voiga, Sizth—From Kursk to Kijew and Casatiny, tere | connecting with line 8, section 1. Seventh—From Charkof to Kremenchug, to Balta, thence to Nikolaiett und Kberson. Fighth—From Stanisiavehez to Volostchinsk, on the borders o1 Galicia, ‘h—From Bulta and Odessa, via Terespol, exnipition at the Leavitt Art Rooms contains has been given the go-by altogethe RCO ome of the Anest examples of art seen for many | th's State: us iy saat i, ies 4 ao Brom Kowel to Lubuh aud Mision, | aday. | teeing toward the Mass. He is engaged upon some ont of door studies of chiid life, Winslow Homer exhibited some very choice sketches in water color at the Century Olub, whicu have been purchased by Mr. 8. P. Avery. Areview exhibition of works of American art during the past Mity years 1s discussed among the directors of the Academy o/ Design. ‘The Konn collection of cabinet pictures now on point alter | Van | refer to the oft-quoted tardiness of North Caro: entry of Guglielmo, the prayer, “Santa Virgine | !!24’s original entrance into the federal Union, bed entire recent history illustrates this peculiar, dis tinctive quality of her people. Tt was not until she found herself between the upper and nether | mnilistones of Virginia and South Carolina that sh@ | Submitted to secession as a geographical necessity. Her opposition to the administration party of the | Confederate States was marked, persevering aud | unyietuing throughout the war. Her prominent men, foremost among wom at one time wat | Governor Vance, with the fuli accord of the mass of her citizens, maintained a sturdy and resolute resistance to the pet meusures of | Sented in the last scene vy Mile. Albaui, of | Jefferson Davis and lis Cabinet, such as the suse pension of the writ of habeas corpus and the subordination of the civil to the military powers | and this Jonn Hampden spirit had all the vigor of an tmperturbable and tmpassive obstinacy, The late democratic and liberai republican suce cesses in the Northern and Western States—so sweeping, so unprecedented, s0 unexpected— have, however, deeply stirred the serene equae nimity of old Rip Van Winkle, While there have been demonstrations of mingled amazement and rejoicing oniy ut Wilmington, and, perhaps, a few other points in the State, when the adjuncts of orduance and sky-rockets and brass band musia were invoked, and, while our conservative party | journals have not crowed very lustlly or loudly, | the revolt of the Northern voters finds its | best response in a deep and hearty sen- timent, which crops out everywhere, of gratitude for the great deliverance which | has been wrought, You see this by mingling and talking with the peopie, The revolution is ree | garded here not as @ temporary and transient in- surrection of augry and disappointed soreheads | and their adherents against the President and his | ofliceholders, but a3 @ genuine new departure in the politics of tbe nation, whose results are per | manent and full of beneficent prophecy tor the | South and for the whoie nation. } RESURRECTION OF FEDERAL PATRIOTISM. I find in my conversations with men of every degree—membvers of Cougress ana men whose “post of honor” has been und always will be “a | private station,’? protessionai and business mep— | that the most noticeable ieature of the result of the election is a resurrection of dead jederal pae triotism. North Carolua was, beiore the war, | one o: the most Union-loving of all the States— the sharp antithesis, in this regard, of her Pal« metto neighvor, This strong attachment wus not | utterly extinguished even by the four grim and gory years of the rebellion, All through that dark quadrennium, there were movements | Javoraole to the old Union, not only on tue east- | ern borders, hard vy the pational military lines, | but ip the remove interior, The accounts of these | movements primted in the Northera journals | were in muny cases exaggerated and sometimes apochryphal; but there was a good deal of fire a3 | Weil as smo! it was alter Appomatox that the mortai thrusts were dealt to yet lingering but very | sick Southera Uniouism. Toe sudden invasion of insolent and greedy carpet-baggers that signalized | the epoch o: recunstraction; tue banding together iL Secret and Oath-bound conciaves, callea by a mis« erable and most untortunate misnomer “Union Leaguers,” of ignorant, brutal and barbaroug | vlacks wich the very meanest of ‘mean whites; the harsh rule of the Freedmen’s Bureau emis sarles and their dead beat native scalawag sub-agen(s scattered all over the Stace; | the promulgation cf strange and inexe | plicable orders as rules of law and evidence by Generals Canby and Sickles, 80 frequently changed that neither lawyer hor layman could keep the run of them; the foisung upon tue peo- ple by negro votes o1 & crade and cuinbrous con- stitution, utterly subversive of the popular cug- ; toms aud traditions, and so obscure even in 1@ most mmportant provisions that it 1s continually | pu'ting our Superior and Supreme Court judges ta | their trumps in trying to give it proper exposition; | tue magnificently colossal plunderings of thé Littlefield and Swepson ring, Whict not onl | emptied the State Treasury of the money extorte: | as taxes from an_ utterly tmpoverished people, | but entailed upon them a bonded debt so huge taat all the lands in North Carolina, brougnt under the hammer to-morrow, would not realize the halt of it. All these things, and others that might be enumerated, nad been effective in en« | tirely stamping out every semblance of a shadow | of national patriotism, suve, pernaps, among the | salaried partisans of the government, CHANGES BROUGHT ABOUT, |! The above 18 not an overdrawn picture; it i | sober fact, Unionism was aead and buried three | weeks ago. There were no “outrages,” but it | was getting uncomfortable for Northern men, whether repubucans or not. All this is now changed. ‘Ihe hatred engendered, not by the war, out by the dismal decade which succeeged it, are disappeariug like @ dissolving view, Our own election victory m August was @ deflanca | rather than an overture—-not an advance, but @ menace. it was the culmiuation of an antie national feeling, aggravated by repeated wropgs and an intolerable accumulation of manifold and | multiform injur.es of which the threatened -1vil | rights bill was the crowning insult. Had the res | publican commonweaiths of the North and West | Seen us aud gone ten or more better on tae other | slae, this sentiment of hate would have been ten- Jold intensitied. But the spectacle which meets | our eyes, In the magnificent magnanimity ia which | New York, Pennsylvauia and especially Massa- chusetts, have propouncea thelr emphatic cone demnation of vhe cruel coerctve policy of the ade | ministration toward the South, which is the way | We interpre, tae result, has reached our heart exorcised the demons of enmity, hatred and al uncharitableness, and admitted in their stead | those “oecter angels of our nature” which Lincoin | once predicted, Again Nortn Carolina answers to | the old Bay State, as she did in 1776, Her new Governor, William Gaston, bears the identical name of one of North Carolina’s noblest and most honored statesmen Of the past. Complete and ample recognition is given bere to the fact that the great victories of the 3d of November are vot purely democratic triumphs. We do not look at that “we democrats have Whipped you repubib cans,” ‘The least iniormed among us know that the result 13 mainly due to the liberal or indepeus dent republicans. We call ourselves not democrate but couservatives. We know, too, that Bourbon | democracy, as represented vy several New Yorm | Journals, has been a hindrance and an incubus, | There 1s & disposition everywhere manilested to Iraternize most cordially, and especiaily with the honest element of the republican party of the North, henceiortin to de our most valuable ally, | and to touch elbows and march with them heres aiter to the “music oi the Union,” 1 find Jesse J. Yeates, Con gman elect from ihe first district, especially juvilant and | hopeful. Major Yeates is thoroughly conversant | with the temper of the people, and he will doudt+ | less be the icader in our delegation to the Forty. ; sourcn Congress, He says that an era wae Jeeling 18 establisned by the late elections, re | 18 bo dislike hereafver to Northern men. General Banks, suould he come South, would meet ova | tlons aud glad welcomes everywhere. To such | men as he we feel that our,approaching releas@ | 1rom tyranny ts due. | ON® RESULT OF THR LATE SUCCESSES North ang South is that the negroes will be mor | liberally and generously dealt with, They have gone in this Stace, almost unanimously, with the republicans; but the fact thai, 1 Loutsiana, Sout { Carolina and Georgia, thousands of them vote | aide by side with toeir old masters,, has inspired a | kindly aud hopetul feeling toward them here, We velteve that at no distant day—as Cari Schurs | aagvises them—they Wil transier their votes in @ | large degree to us. But whethor they do this or | not, their rights and liberties are secare, are’ yestea and sacred. Real estate has appre« ciated in value in the last ven days, There is @ generat feeling of encouragement; our merchant will buy more largely; trade 13 reviving; enters rise is brisker; there ts, in a word, confidence, | The shadow o1 the Empire which some of us saw advancing aud rapidly becoming more real thug even the materialized spirits of the | great heart of the country, North and South, sound, and thatthe Republic ony is ble, ne of whick New England tenders throngh pokes+ man, Massachusetts, We know, now, that our upd ior all time there shail be not one rule of loyalty at Boston, another at Richmond, om mn to Piymouth Rock, another to Jamestown: bat everyWhere in each of onr great band of States, | country, one law of love, universal and immorta Shall prevail, ry hs eo Edays has vanished. We are satisfied that the jeast, in our day, e@ accept branco Northern brethren do not hate us. “Viencerorsh tion of the North, another of the South, one | One ‘Sentiment of brotherhood, one loyalty learn that the national Thank