The New York Herald Newspaper, November 2, 1874, Page 3

——____ -———- - VON ARNIM. | The Fallen Minister in Frison. The Crue! Manner of His Arrest. THE PRISONER’S PRISON HOUSE Bismard’s Efforts to Discover the Missing Papers, A Commercial View of the Situation. 18 BISMARCK LOSING HIS REASON? BERLIN, Oct. 17, 1874. Great pressure is being pus upon Count armm, He is ix solitary confinement at a charitable insti- | tution—hospital for mad dogs opposite—and he is Bubject to interrogatories, interrogatories some- ‘what rude; and bis replies are received in sullen silence after tne official German manner, Much wanting in courtesy. His arrest birthday dioner was roughly done. at nis “You come ‘with us! said the policemen, and took bim sud- d@enly. His Countess, too, was asked questions Without the usual formalities addressea to gra- ctous ladies from whom information ts desired, “Where are your keys? Where are your drawers and paper receptacles? Turn out your pockets.” A high-spirited Countess this, full of fire and tn- @ignation at such treatment, one of the most beautiful and well-born women in Europe, whom an imperial Chancellor's bualidogs have treated thus, while her husband sits in solitary confine. ment under such interrogatories as have been binted at. THE AMBASSADOR AT THE POORHOUSE. A diplomatist who has insisted on the right of asylum, once the most precious privilege of his Profession, now iallen obsolete, and who has had it @onceded to nim by his own government and in bis own person, by ways and means he never dreamed of, is truly a sight for gods and men. An ambassador in sanctuary, with the needy, the for- lorn gnd the insane of his own country people, and having only won up even to that sad height of misery by extreme favor, together with tne aid of medical certificates solemuly declaring, on the Professional reputation of divers physicians, thas he wectly has “the sugar sickness” and is in a bad Way; surely tne plight of such am ambassador is Pitiable, Vount Arnim walks about in the garden of this asylum where he has been lodged so unexpectedly, and he seems bafiled, angry, possibiy a little fus- tered, not seeing his way so clearly as when in Paris last year. Among the possibilities of bis Case, and perhaps that which he discerns most Plainly at present, is this: He may be condemned toayear’s imprisonment, or even to five years’ imprisonment, by the Criminal Court, for having stolen papers which the civil tribunal will at the Bame time declare to be his own property. One ‘thing 1s more certain still, that however innocent be may be he will not escape more punishmentin Sddition to that he has already suifered. An at tempt is being made to break down the courage of ‘thie. stubborn Count Arnim; an attempt whitch has Rot hitherto succeeded Dor is likely to succeed. A very obstinate man the Count, who wiil in no Wise admit that he has dove wrong, though he Fegrets that matters have come to such @ pass with him, His wife and son were formally tor- bidden to visit nis prison yesterday, the command being briefy signified to them in harsh terms, And as tuough that were not enougn the house of | tbe Countess Arnim-Boytzenburg, widow oi the late Prime Minister of Prussia, was also searched 1a the wild hunt now going on for the ex-Ambas- Sador’s papers, which are salely deposited abroad, | Still Prince Bismarck, acting through his law officers, thougnt up to yesterday that ne might get hold o: these papers by subtiety:; and having been Informed that a parc o1 the ex-Ambassador’s ef Sects Were coming irom Paris he obtained a list Of eighty-six boxes belonging to His Excellency, through the French Custom House. These poxes being diligentiy searched by oficial persons of ex- perience competent to such a task were found to Sontain a noble lady's wardrobe=and, well, a few letters dated “Rome, 1870’—nothing more, and the oficial persons bad to report that they were Awain baffied, after having taken so much trouble. | Wow about this noisy pamphlet, the “Revolution | from Above,” said to have been written by Dr. Lang, Herr von Windbor¢t, a notable person of the parliamentary sort, somebow being mixed up with {tim the newepapers, I have followed this will-o' the-wisp to Hanover and Leipsic; sent alter it also to Geneva, Brussels and elsewhere to pisces at which combustible literary materials are commonly exploded upon a startied world. The pampnlet turns out to ve utterly illusory, Couns Arnim, the younger, being asked to state upon his word ofhonoras a Prussian gentleman what he knows about the “Revolution from Above,” replies, “Nothing;” that is to say, nothing out this:i— “Neither my iather, my stepmother, nor I have bad anything todo with sucha pamphiet. None of the documents cla'med by Prince Bismarck have been given out for publication, We have no knowledge of the pamphlet or its author.” Dr. Lang, on being applied to, gravely rts | that he has no acquaintance witn the Arnims and bas never held any communication with them; also, that he has not and never had any papers of | Count Arnim in his possession. Herr von Wind- | horst is equally emphatic, Berlin booksellers, of fadical opinions, eager lor profits, have searcned Jor this pampblet to secure the early advantage of | ® brisk but it is nowhere to be had. “Stopped at the frontier?’ suggests inquiry. “Ob nol answer the Beriin booksellers, The Breat (ond small) bookseliers of Leipsic, and many literary men hot upon German politics, and Ont of the way of danger, can get no news of this pamphiet. “A pamphiet evidently not in existence,” say | the booksellers and literary politicians who will | bear no more of it on any terms, “May pernaps | come out asa catch-penny,” they think, “‘oecause | fomauch noise has been made about it,” but it is ROW positively non-existent. 4 SNIPF aT a TRUTH, “These Arnims are all Jews,” says my com- Werciul friend, who 1 meet at the Berlin Club in the Bebren Strasse; then ne falls silent as one ‘Who is jooking intently into @ millstone till he has Degun to see through. I will prod my commercial frieud with @ stroke of irony, and answer, “Poon, What then \ No surer way of rousing a com- Mercial man into eagerness of opposition, irom ich May result some spark of intelligence. “sd oir, renegade Jew, this Ambassador who is tb prison, 4 somewhat ostentatious Protestant,” feplies my commercial iriend with warmth, I Fequest him to give me a light tor my cigarette, hich has gone out, and then get up with haifa yawu politely suppressed, a proceeding which | excites bim to jever heat. He sets me down in | bis own mind a8 @ fool who demands promps { veucning. “Wait @ while, Mr. Correspondent,” says de, with ap almost patuecic attempt to enignten me. | “You Go not see the bearings of this case. It is really @ stock exXcuange intrigue,” My commer: | wal itend bas me ines by tae ton mow, and NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 2; 1874.-TRIPLE SHEET. pours out his information or his fancies in a continuous stream of talk—not wholly to be de- apised by a newspaper correspondent in search of facts. “Baroness Rothschild refused to allow this am- bassaaor, Count Arnim, to lead her into dinner when he wasin Paris. There hasbeen @ feud of long standing berween the Rothscnilds and the Prussian government. (Figut gommg on warmly even now, as my commercial iIriend knows.) {he Rothschilds have persistently refused to issue Prussian loans, and this new Prussian coinage, which is just equal to English money 19 & measure directly aimed at the Roth schilds, It has already inflicted harm and loss upon them, Tne Bern bankers have veen repeatedly outmanwuvred by the Rothschilds, now they have taken their revenge. Rothschilds also May have their novions of repri- fala, and this business of Count Arnim has been | notoriously stirred up In Paris through small omi- , cial persons very accessibie to 1nduences,”” NOTION OF A MEDICAL MAN. «The temper of Prince Bismarck has become un- governabie. He is constantly racked by pain of body and mental disquiet. His health is very bad, and his diet of a kind to keep him in a perpetual state of feverish irritation, He has of lave become sulleoly suspicious, impatient of observation, and as rude a@ @ bear with @ sore Lead; has a sore head, indeed, himself. He has long been jealous of Count Arnim, who ia much liked by the Queen, and whose elevation would be certainly welcome to the nobility. What he has done against Count Arnim has been dictated as much by fear as by anger, ana iear is always cruel. He has dove him- seli more harm than he thinks by these proceed- ings, and lexpect tohear every day that he wil have a stroke of apoplexy.” COUNSRL’8 ADVICE, “{ am one of the supporters of Count Arnim who advised him not to yield in this case, 1 have been @ judge mysel!, but I never would have counte- nanced or taken part in an arbitrary proceeding which has imprisoned a high officer of state on a prosecution by the Crown without a trial, I donot believe that the judges who have rejected his ap- peal to be set at liberty are iree trom improper infuences, 1do not believe that they have acted im accordance with the law, and I think thas the civil courts will propounce against them. That will not save Count Arnim; for I have reason to suppose thatit has been already decided to sen- tence him to one year’s imprisonment. That will do him no harm. The prosecution directed against him will do bim ho harm; on the contrary, it will make him pop- ular. Everybody knows it arises irom the personal rancor of Bismarck. I speak very freely ' a portion of them were confided to the care of tne to you because I am not in the public service ana | may say what I like without fear of consequences, Ihave no doubt ia my own mind that Count Arnim ‘Will be Chancellor of the German Empire within the next five years, perhaps before. He is avery clever man, very honest, very much liked in bigh quarters and very rich. We have had enough of Prince Bismarck, and when he dies, or when the King dies, tuere wili be a clean sweep made of all his creatures. ‘That will be Arnim’s opportunity, and he will profit by it.” VIEWS OF A PERMANENT OPPICIAL. “Whatever comes of this business Count Arnim 1a politically ruined. He has been guilty of insub- ordination, and it is entirely contrary to the omficial traditions of Prussia that be should ever again be employed in the public service. The best thing which can happen to him ta to be forgotten. | The Queen has Do influence whatever over her husband, and the Crown Prince is too cautious to break through the castoms of the country, Count Arnim 1s in the Wrong; ana if he were not in the wrong it would be ailthe same, He isa ruined man.” THE KING’s GRACE. Imperialand Royal German Majesty will not see the Countess Arum, all negotiations and per- bapsentreaty im that direction having broken down and suddenly dropped into darkness. A German Ma jesty, provably too much afraid of his own kindness, being a soldier and a gentleman, who could not witness a great lady’s sorrow over her busband’s captivity unmoved. Majesty away at Baden-Baden, and going @ hunting when he comes home. Crown Prince gone @ hunting, too, “with a large party,” and of no use had he been atieleure. That is ali the outcome of\much wait- ing and anxiety. No hope at all irom Royal and Imperial Majesty. Nothing but a blank louk out upon tne law oiticers of the Crosgn for poor Count- eas Arnim and ber gon just now. A very mourn- Jul Countess and young Count, who has put by ols aragoon’s sword and i studymg to become a “jurist,” that he himself may deal with legal dim- culties in good time. Some people are said to be working underground, even at the imperial ana royal Court—uidden lar away in Badeu—for these Arniws; but Majesty makes no sign as yet, affect- ing @ feeling of surprise rather than disposed to exert authority. THE LaTEeT NEWS, Count Arnim cannot ve tried before November, | at the earliest date. Then ifne is condemned, as he probably will be, and the judges admit the ples of “extenuating circumstances,” it is possible, not probaoile, that he will only be sentenced to one month’s imprisonment, Ii they do not admit the plea of extenuating circumstances he will proba. bly be sentenced to « year’s imprisonment, His case is quite unprecedented in Prussian law. | When first arrested be was treated as au ordinary criminal prisoner. Since bis transier upon medi- cal certificate to the hospital, where he is now de- “tamed, Qo is lodged nominally in two rooms; but one of these rooms is also occupied by two police- men, who never lose sight of him, and he bas no privacy, He 1s not allowed to see or to communi. cate with any person whatsoever. Even hisattor- ney is denied access to bim, and not permitted to correspond with him in writing, He ts in soiltary confinement, cut of absolutely irom human speech and companionship. His house has been again searched by six experienced detectives, who sounded every wail and Wainscot, and all the beds and mattresses were oponed to find the papers Prince Bismarck wants, None were found or could be found, The Latest Phase of the Trouble. BERLIN, Oct, 18, 1874. The Public Prosecutor now engaged in preparing the allegations against Count Arnim will probably take not more than three weeks to complete his task, Dotwitnstanding the proverbial slowness of German legal procedure, But votn the press and the public here are anxious to press on the trial to terminate @ public scandal, and even Bismarck 1s not strong enough to set at defiance the gen- eral wish of the German people. 1 am authorized to state that all allegations of bigh treason are witudrawo and that the whole charge against Count Arnim has now dwiadied down to oue of official insubordination in having refused to deliver up documents wich are said to belong to the State while he was in the public service, This ie @ charge which could only have been brought against an oficial person. It seems +0 have been contemplated by the new law; but no case similar to that of Count arnim has hitherto occurred, so that the jucges ure entirely without precedent in dealing with it. In search- ing the house of Countess Arnim Boytzenburg the police officer set fire to it either by accident or design; but the Games were happily extinguished before much harm was done, An inquiry has been instituted into the cause of the fire, and it is al- leged that it was brought about by one of the police having dropped a lighted cigar on some in- flammable materials. lt is also said that the guilty official will be severely punished, The fact of @ policeman having smokea cigara in @ great lady’s house while in discharge of his duties will show in what @ discourteous and offensive manner the search was conducted, ‘There remaing also the much graver fact that Count Arnim, & statesman of un- blemished character, wno has readered great ser- vice to his country, 1s still shut up in solitary con- finement in the same building with paupera and Tunatica and opposite a reiuge for mad dogs, and that there 1s nothing whatever but a cock and a buil story even alleged against bim, Tam authorized to state that Count Arnim is not, and never bas been, in debt to any one, and that the rumors to the contrary are merely the fabrications of persons who may have their own reasons ior apreading false reports about him, Tphall write again to-night, | COUNT VON ARNIM AND BISMARC A Strange Story of an Old World Tangle from St. Louis by way of Cincinnati. Cincinnati, O., Nov. 1, 1874. The Commercial to-day contains the following special despatch :— Sr. Louis, Mo., Oct, 31, 1874. On Wednesday evening last, a young German, Whose name canpot be learned, was taken in charge by Mr. Thomas Lanergan, manager of the detective association of this city. The order for his capture came by cable from Bismarek, in Ber | lin. He was an under secretary to Count von Arnim when that nobleman was officiating as Minister at Paris, at the time the letters of Bwmarck to the Count were abstragted from the archives of the Paris Legation under secretary, with instructions to keep alm- self out of the way. He remained concealed until Von Arnim’s arrest, and about six weekr ago he Started ior New York, and proceeded thence to Kansas City, Mo., where he remained two weeks. At the expiration of that time ne came to St Louis, where he arrived ten days ago, | He took lodgings in the aristocratic portion of the city under an assumed name. Money seemed to ve plentital with him and he made no effort to secure employment. When Von Arnim was ad- | mitted to bail, he pledged himself to secure the return of the Under Secretary and also of tne pa- | Pers in bis possession, and furaisned Bismarck with the clue to his whereabouts. Bismarck’s dispatch was to the German officials at Washington, and they communicated with | Lanergan here. He tmmeaiately put himself in communication with the under secretary, who de- mandea that the request for his return should | come from Von Arnim, Upon being satisfied that | 1t Was his master’s wish he consented to go back to Berlin, He had left the papers and letters in charge of a German merchant in New York, On Wednesday night he left St. Louis for the East, via the Vandalia route, arriving in New sanction to their being called together, and Konigsverg thereiore proclaimed his decrees Mlegal and denied admittance to the officers charged with their execution, This resistance continued for a long time, and was principally prompted vy the Burgomaster or Mayor, an abie, independent and energetic man, who ine curred the bitter hosulity of the Elector by his patriotic endeavors. Finding all other efforts to reduce the city to submission unavailing, and dreading a collision with Poland ifbe had resource to jorce, Frederick William proposed to tne Burgomaster an interview, | without the towa walls, as a means of de- vising some method of settling the difficulty. The unsuspecting citizen readily consented, but had no sooner placed himselfin the power of his treacherous enemy than he was seized and con- veyed to a strong castie of tue Electors, who kept bim a prisoner for the rest of his life, nor would he ever grant him bis petition to be brought belore | the courts there to be tried for whatever crimes | he may have committed. Aiter his capture the | DIPHTHERIA. |The Alarming Progress of this Contagious Malady. | FIFTY DEATHS IN THE PAST WEEK, | gyre, As the disease progresses stimulants may given in moderation, sven as milk punch, wine whey, &c. The parts affected shouid also be freely bathed with antiseptic lotions, and, if im the throat, to be used a8 agarzie. The lotions may be either solution of chlorate of potash, carboli¢ acid or lime and prcorine. The fever should be treated by small doses of tincture of aconite, qui- nine and the iree use of sweet &#pirits of mitre, The temperaiure should be lowered by trequenty sponging tae body with tepid water containing @ smal: amount of alcohol or vinegar. Oxygen gas lay sometimes be administered irom & tapk, and | atfords considerable relief to the aiseased portions | of the throat. | PUBLIC HYGIENE IN GERMANY. An Interesting Interview With a Prominent | Woman's Work in Factories—The Ger Physician, Showing the Best Method of Treatment and the Sim- plest Preventives. The recent reports of the Board of Health show Elector found less dificulty in gaining over @ | rather alarming figures in regard to diphtheria, man Congress of nitary Union. FRANKFORT, Oct. 8, 1874. The Congress of the German union for public hygiene is just ended at Breslau, where a umber ofeminent medical and scientific gentlemen met t discuss matters of general interest connected with hygiene. It was unfortunate that most of the speakers treated their subjects from an eD- party among the other burghers and finally ob- | 404, as preveution is better than cure, It would | tireiy too restricted, local point of view. There tained possession of the city opon bis own terms. | Dot be unwise if some of the readers of the | were long speeches about the history of hospitals, Sull more high-handed were his proceedings in THE CASE OF LUDWIG VON KALKSTEIN, SHERIFF OP OLBTZK0, who had offended bim in a singular manner by | Conveying @ complaint irom the Assembly of Knights of the Province of Prussia to ttie King of Poland against his infringements of their privil- eges. Frederick William first attempted to obtain his extradition by representing to the King of Polang, through Eusebius Von Brandt, his Ambassador at that Court, that Kalkstein bad forged the credentials he had ex- had no difficulty in demonstraiing the atter ab- | surdity and lutihty of this charge, and the Elector then adopted a bolder plan to stlence him, by hav- ing him kidnapped, bound, gagged and wrapped 10 carpets, in Which manner he was transported, im the shape of & bale of goods, over the irontuer to Konigsberg, the year 1670. THE EXCUSES. York Friday night, receiving his papers and set- ting sail to-day for Europe. Tnere has been an effort on the part of the detectives to conceal the affair, but it nas leaked out through a friend of the Under Secretary, who also reiused to give the man’s name, The detectives, upon being questioned, admit that they sent such a man to Europe upon advices from Berlin; but dechne to give his name or tell how far he was connected with Von Arnim or the abstracted State documents, though they admit he was waated for political reasons, PRUSSIAN DYNASTIC POLICY. High-Handed Rule of the Hohenrol- lerns Over the Germanic People—How Political Opponents Have Been “Stamped Out”—The Von Arnim and ‘Werner Cases. No political incident has lately attracted such ; general attention, both here and in Europe, as the apparently arbitrary mode in whicn tne proceed- ings instituted by the German government against their late Ambassador at Paris, Count Von Arnim, have been carried on. The moss divergent the- ortes have been urged and the most coaficting arguments employed to explain away she seeming diMiculties of the case; but in one point ail con- cur, that the arrest and imprisonment of that nobleman 1s solely and entirely gue to the all- powerful and overwhelming influence which the German Chancellor, Prince Bismarck, exercises over the mind of his sovereign. Doubtless the Prince does wield very high authority in the coun- cila ofthe Court of Beriin, and it cannot be de- nied that he is fully entatied 80 todo by reason of tne magnitude of the services he had rendered not only to the Emperor personally but to the Ger- manic Empire at large; but still it is important, if we wish to obtain a true insight into the factsof the situation, to remember that this is by no means the first instance im which princes of the House of Hohenzollern, whose subjects hap- pened to entertain diferent views of the duues entailed upon them by their allegiance from those held by their august masters, have dealt with the offenders even more summarily than has his Majesty the Kaiser with the unfortunate Count Von Arnuim, It is well known tnat the pre sent Emperor of Germany 1s in many respects @ typical Hohenzollern, and has inherited, with many of the noblest qualities of that justly-celeprated house, that frm conviction in the orthodoxy of the doctrine of the “right divine,” which has al Ways been one of the most prominent elements in the creed of his royal predecessors. Although the Hohenzollern Electors of Brandenburg and Kings of Prussia have always proiessed to take ajust pride in the purity of their law courts and tae independence of their judges and have been up- beid by their biographers as models of justice and equity, yet truth will compel any one who, not content with merely skimming the surface of his. tory, occa*ionally takes a plunge into its deeper waters, to admit that they have nover shown the Jest acruple in employing personal influence and even intimidation in order to set aside the ver- Gicts of those very courts when they bappened to be at Variance with their arbitrary will. CABES IN POINT. It may be of some slight interest to attempt to Place existing circamstances under the jocua of- the light of past events aud to cite a few of the many cases in which, sometimes tor good, some- times for evil motives, these rulers unhesitatingly veversed the judgments their tribunals had r dered alter {uli and mature deliberation, always Keeping one fact in mind that while other mon- archs boldly prociaimed themselves above the law, these princes asserted as the proudest jewel in their crown the pre-eminence throughoat their States of the legal over the royalpower, It would be alike tedious and unprofitavle to enter into any details regarding the times preceding the close of the rhirty Years’ War. Europe was then a vast military camp, but lacking all soldierly discipline; Might waa right, and the citizen and peasant were considered the fair and natural prey of the King and the noble, whose privilege of oppression ‘Was only limited by their material power to exact and that of the sufferer to contribute. In those dark days itis but just to the Honenzullerns to @ay vbat they were no worse, but probably a great deal better, than their neighbors, It was Frederick William, Der grosse Churfirst, ‘the Great Blec- tor,”” who first laid the foundations of tne State which, in the comparatively suort period of two hundred years, has grown to such gigantic aimen- sions, He was a wive and patriotic prince, en- lightened in bis views aud not inattentive to bis peopie’s interests; but he wished to provide for them after his own way, while they too often fool- isnly imagined that they could manage their own aflaira better for themselves than he could for (hem. THE CITY OF KONIGsBERG, the capital of Polish, or, as it is more often called, Royal Prossia, @ province which the Elector of Brandenburg held as a fei trom the Polish Crown, was the largest and most fourishing town in those parts, did @ very considerable commerce for that time and region, aud enjoyed extensive and important privileges and immunities, undisturbed possession Of Which was gua teed it by the Su- zeraim Crown of Poiand. Frederick William found the allegiance to Poland a very onerous burden upon bia ambitious aspirations, and skilfully tak- tng advantage of the difficulties in which that kingdom waa at the time invoived, succeeded, by dint of alternate threats and promises, enforced by weil-timed and copious bribes, to extort a treaty irom the Court of Warsaw whicn freea him and his successors irom ail their ovligations towara Poland. This was @ profound stroke of Policy, and its success was hailed with joy by his subjects as well as himself; but as soon as it was completed he began to encroach siowly and step by step, but none the less surely, upon the rights which the “ities and rural proprietors had enjoyed Under the Polisi suzerainty. Konigsberg, being the town 0; most importance, was also the fore- most city to avsert her rights against this unao- thorized interlerence, ana appealed from the aa- thority of the Crown to the “Landsténde,”’ or Provincial Assembiy; bat the “lector, kaowing Shat pody %0 be aaverse to Bis VioMh Belaned the throes of a sudden transition trom the law- | lessness of the feudal system tothe systematic | violence, while some villages situated in the | and well-ordered polity of a modern monarchical government such incidents of occasional oppres- | scourge, It must be admitted that misery if not | Sion are inevitubie—nay, are, in fact in the end | conducive to the well-being of the very classes against Whose happiness they at first appear to | years and fiad ourselves in tne year 1730 under | the reign of King Frederick William, grandson of the “Great Elector” and second King of Prussia. peaceful at home, aud commerce, manufac- ture and agriculture have oveen steadily and even rapidly increasing, while abroad its armies have acquired renowao ior @ valor and | @iscipline which give tair promise of greater | victories to come in future years. Prussia is now fully recognized as forming one of the comity of no exceptional measures are now needed, both | King Frederick and his son, the reigning monarch, having bestowed the greatest attention on the re- | form of the law courts, and most caretully selected the judges who are to preside over them, itis im- Possible that any pretext can be found for per- sonal interference on the part of the sovereign, two different tribunals, ONE AT KOBNIGSBERG, THE OTHER AT POTSDAM. | At Potsdam a soldier, one of Frederick's cele- brated giant gremadiers, had murdered a girl, his mistress, under circumstances of great brutality and witnout any suficient provocation. He was tried, it being time of peace, before the Criminal Court of that city and, no deience being possible, Was condemned to be hanged, The decision was sent to the King for ratification ; he, on receiving it, flew into a most violent rage, sent for the judges and avused them personally in the grossest manner. swearing that taey should never hang any of pis grenadiers, He then caused the soldier to be where he was tried upon a) trumped-ap coarge of treason and beheaded in | | HERALD were to take a lew necessary precautions | to allay the spread of this uestroying contagion. | Old and young are in danger, but more especially | children between the age of four and tiiteen, | THE CAUSES OF DIPHTHERIA are chiefly want of proper nourishment, pure air, &c, Dr. Trousseau says of the disease:—"When I saw diphtheria prevailing as an epidemic in Tours I thought that the position of the city, which is situated iu the midst of a valley watered by two | Tivers, had some influence upon the development Of the disease, and I attributed, like almost every- bivited as deputy trom the Knights, Kalkstein | pody else, the cause of this formidabie affection | to cold, and especially to humidity; but on glanc- ing over historical documents I soon became con- vinced that these supposed local causes could be considered at most only as accessories, and after 1 Dad myself made some statistical and comparative observations in four de partments where the disease had pre- sented itself in an epidemic areadiully destructive, I | their salubrity, diphtheria raged with excessive form and was became certain that | diphtheria did not depend either on seasons or It may be said thas ina young State undergoing | jocaiities, Tous, in some towns remarkabie tor | and, of course, we are very happy to hear credit given to the Christian Church for the erection o4 | the first house for the sick in Europe. The oldest | hospital appears in the Basilias, an institution es | taplished by Bishop Basilius, of Cappadocia, ime tended ior all kinds of human charity—for the ree ception of the poor, of orphans and the sick, And we are told that this Basilias was in its day considered to be the greatest wonder of the world, greater even than the Colossus at Rhodes, Anim teresting subject was treated by Dr. Hirt, of | Breslau. WOMEN'S WORK IN THE MANUFACTORIS. He revealed @ sad state of affairs existing in | Germany and other European lands, and pleaded for strict legislation on the subject, aud the cure tailing of the hours of labor. While in England the hours of labor jor womeu are restricted w sixty Im (he Week, they amount in France to sev. enty-two, in Holland to seventy-eight hours, and Germany is in this respect about on a par with Holland, He spoke of the necessity of legisiation in the matter of the ewployment of women 1D manulactories where poisonous materials are made. ‘the number of miscarriages among women employed in the lead manulactories 1# sometuing terrible, and of the children of mother@ | whose daily occupution 18 1ound im the poisonoud atmosphere of lead works, seventy per cent die of | midst of marshes remained exempt irom the | belere reaching the third year! Dr. Scnwabe, of dinary one of the development of diphtheria, tor it was evident that the epidemic seized upon the militate; so we will pass over @ period of sixt¥ poor inhabitants in preference to those who were Contagion periorms the principal part in the propagation of diphtheria and it is nearly suMcient ior a patient attacked wit The State has gone on prospering; 16 bas been qipntneria to come into a family in order that the mm easy circumstances. | anexciusive condition was at least rather an or. Berlin, gave a most noteworthy essay on THE INFLUENCE OF DWELLINGS UPON MORTALITY, | | He based is deductions on the statistics of Bere liu, It appears that the best d/age (lor the Ger mans live ou stories or dlages) ig the firar, of rather, with us, the second, iat is the first avove the parierre or ground Hoor, with 20.5 per cent of deaths per 1,000; in the second (third) story, 21.23 im the third (lourta), 22.2; in the parterre, 22.35 in the cellar, 24.5, and in the iourth (flith) story of warret, 27.8 per 1,00. Of course we should take into account the tact that the people living mm the garres and in the cellar are Gisease should develop itself in all its forms.” It is | not im such good circumstances as the others, evident from the above and the statistics of the | aud disease always finds u home more readily | Board of Health that the BEST PREVENTIVES to this disease are cleanliness, irequent bathing, | pure air and good, wholesome jood. It is hardly necessary to dwell on the danger of diphtheria, but nations as much go as France or Engiand. Surely what renders it especially dangerous is the rapidity with which it may attack large surfaces, | chance of residence. as wellas the mechenical obstacies which it may offer to one of the most important functions of | among the poor than among the rich. Dr Scnwabe expiains the lact of the rate of mortality being less in the cellars than in the garret in toat the Berlin cellar dwellers are irequently im pretty good circumstances, vr. Schwabe’s sta ustics are interesting, but his aeductions are not always acceptable, lor the rate oi mortality 18 uD. doubtedly conditioned more vy the wealth and cleanliness of the clage awellers than by any In Brusseis, for instance, the number of misbirths among the common laborers is three times as great as among the propriétaires, and double that among mechanics, Ile and the obstinacy with which it resists the ther- | ‘Te game ratio is :ound in Berlin, apeutical resources which generaliy modily otaer | inflammations. Thus, altiough tt is generally not | very dangerous to the skin, it becomes so when it About the year 1731 two cases were tried be/ore | attacks the mouth and the nasal foase, but it is | most frequently fatal when it attacks the pharynx, | and, unless it is immediately attended to, it scarcely ever spares the patient when it has once reached the larynx acd tne bronchial tubes. Diphtheria is at present alarmingly prevalent | in this city, and appears to ravage the crowded | 8 for the most part have been | children, residents of close, confilued tenement ‘The vict districts, houses and attending public schuols, The very greatest caation should be used tu prevent the spread of this contagion, and immeuiately tne nature of the disease is ascertained the patient should be strictly confined and Kevt apart from ‘The jollowing statistics will give some idea of the rapid increase of this con- tagion and how important it is that steps should be immediately taken to arrest its jurther prog. ress, ‘The table explains the mortality in the past other human beings. ‘The Congress was we!l attended, and there were | the usual lestivities, banquets and excursions, ag | 18 customary wherever Germans assembie, THE THIRD TERM. | The President’s Kitchen Organ Begging i} the Question. [From the Washington National Republican—ad- | ministration organ.) | Five or six papers of the seven or eight thou | sand journals in the United States are demanding trom President Grant a statement as to whether he will or will not be a candidate for the Prest- dency in 1876—1n other words, whether he will de- cline or accept that which has not been tendered to him, and will not be tendered to him or to any- body eise, for a year and a halfto come. Who are turned over to the military authorities, who scn- jew weeks:— they, and what are their antecedents ? tenced him to three months imprisonment. | 1 187k, TT They are the NEW YORK HERALD, the New York | Nearly at the same time one Schlubhut, a public ——~—~|-——-~_—_, Tribune, the New York World, the New York Sun, 3 | Diph- | Memb.) Diph- |Memb. M haminiatration ofthe ety of Kouigvoerg, was to. ieee ir |e. | 18 Coden Commerp tne Eacins ares , — ————_———| 4 September 19... Fe ec cused of defalcations amounting to the sumof Seber a6. 33] 17 BI 4 Journal ud one or two others. With possibly 11,000 thalers (abeut $8,000). He admitted having Ocwbr % Poy yl 26} 12 one ,exception, the HERALD, these papers and misappropriated the mouey, but claimed that he | cwber it #3 3) do af) tneir eaitors nave mercilessly pursued General had only wisbed to use it jor atime, aud that he Ociuber 4 36] a ‘52 # Grant during the last tour years with the greatest was amply able to refund it, woicn it appears he was, Alter several appeals the case was carried “ branous croup auring the past three weeks, aud up to the Royal Supreme Court, at Berlin, which Cai tor some serious atiention on the subject. In seems to have considered Sshlubhut as guilty Staten Island a number or cases bave been re- pe ig eg vie bee Behe Ae re 4 kK we more of culpable carelessness than of any willully pace fe ey 1 Bruonys dain the week-ending Held aud inthe council. One of them is known | premeditated breach of trast, and, besides ordering Qctober 17._ Hudson county, New Jersey, does not {0 0€ @ bired sianderer and bribe taker— him to make good the money, sentenced him zo be appear to have escaped the contagion, as itlost bribed by & gang of unscrupulous politicians ip risoned for four year: unisnment which /0rty-five from the same malady during the 1864 to detame the martyr Lincoln in the interest -~ Loam moutus of July and August. Some rather alarming Of tue late Mr. Chase; another is @ man wag they thought would amply meet the exigencies ofthe case, This sentence, like the last, was sent ‘rhe above figures very plainly exhibit a steady increase in the aeaths irom diphtheria and mem- slander and deiamation. Their editors have been and are his unrelenting personal enemies hesitating at no falsehood to break dowg cases have algo been heard of io Richmond, Balu. stepped out of a clerksuip in the War Department more aud other cities of the South. Charleston into a Western newspaper oflice, purchusing itd rick niliat bas been espectally unfortunate, us during the Stock with the proceeds of a speculation in while | MG cee bg idlintad ete lh tke | past lour or five weeks thirty-three children ha a key whereby the government was cl id Of ite | It excited his wrath and disapproba- | died there, seventy per centof whom have suc- revenue; and a thirdisu man who: me is @ tion im @n even greater degree than cumbed to diphtneria. diagrace to journalism, who, in the declining 1 e ears of & lue the beginnin: of which Was D0t alive the last, though from very different motives. He 4 erauy to the loading. puysic & nomber of visles | Zetuer without Hoovr, pursued iying and Libel as ® ir y now denounced the lenity of the judiciary as oraerto ascertain their Views aa tothe increase provession, to the alame of wis family and th much as he had formerly condemned their ofthe epidemic, In course of conversation witia 4¢; radation of all who are associated with Dink . severity. He was determined Schiubhut should | be put to death, and pursued his purpose 80 re- | lentiessly that the judges, thoroughly intimidated | by his threats, watch tbey well knew Le was capa- ble of putting into execution, at length gave way and progounced the required judgment. The un- fortanate man was hunged on a gallows of ex- traordinary height before the windows of the Treasury building at Konigsberg, and 1t was some years before the members of that department could obtain from the inexoraple King the r moval of the gibbet, which remindea them so Painfully of the disastrous fate of their late col- league. Of course in both these decisions the King was actuated by purely egotistical motives, He considered the soldier as simply his personal property, which he would have lost had the sen- tence of the law been carried out, while in the other case his money had been stolen, a0 it was but right the offeuder should be made a terrible example of. Leaving out of sight the grotesquely repulsive character which pervades the two triais related above, and whicn 1s incidental to the character of Frederick William, who carried his eccentricities to positive brutality, we may trace in them @ curious analogy to the two causes célébres which have so recently been occupying the attention of the Prassian government, the mode of proceedings adopted against CAPTAIN WERNER, OF THE NAVY, AND COUNT VON ANIM. Both were accused of breach of the rules of diplomacy, for it 18 absurd to view Count Arnoim’s offence in any more serious light, and both are supposed to have given offence to and incurred the hustility of the Prince Chancellor. So far the cases of the commander and diplomatist are simi- lar. But whata difference in the treatment meted | out to each! The Captain’s offence was open and | palpable, it could not be denied; yet his govern. ment hesitated long betore it removed him from his command, and when finally he was ordered home no attempt was made to curtail his liberty; he was well received at Court, and, although it is true that he was condemned by court martial and recetved a gentle reprimand, yet he was speedily consoled for it by his promotion to a higher rank. On the other hand, the Am- bassador’s crime bas never been clearly de- fined; he has repeatedly offered to leave tne issue of the matter to the courts, yet be 18 at Once thrown into prison, debarred all in- | tercourse with his nearest relatives—in short, treated like @ common malefactor—and when ai last released for very shame he ts placed under a bail that none but a man of Sxeeptionally large re- sources could ru: Such comparisons in rily inapire us wi the idea that THE PRUSSIA OF Tu-DAY » ay rt very much like the Prussia of one nM orgenizatio: , not & an atmy transiorm @ bation, OL which the King represents the an- ot German War Chief, and wherein civillans e scarcely any rights which soldiers are bound to respect. it would ve easy to furnish many more @necdotes similar to the above of the manner in hich even Frederick the Great, that must pol- nation in arms, but volunta- | nd iifty years ago, # Vast military | inco the sembiance of | young physic:an be learo Teason tu believe that cai although the Boara of Healin 6 crease in the mortality, it did not ari: Contagion in the air, bat trom the crow emenis in whic the sick were confined, ig one of the m dreu pl ily of five or six resiain, mplaint it is mor more or less the loatazome pestilence. sPol der tacked oy ilies Of the rich the infected child moved into a room by itsell, but even then the disease is apt to spread. A weil known physician 1p Charleston recently lost four children—all vic- tims to diphtheria. reat deal is also to be attributed to the want of proper and wholesome Dourishment, as children in a weal condition al ery subject to this malady. 1s, however, 1g now over, as Out of 160 cutidren attended by this gentleman only thr tneria or croup. The stage of the disease most dreaded by the medical iaculty is what ls known as diphtheriuc paralyaia, as the patient so affected rarely if ever recovers, In order to give some idea of what diphtheria really is, how it is treated, &c., the HERALD cor- respondent called on @ leading physician, who makes a speciaity of the diseases of children, and received the Jollowing injormation :— HERALD CORRESPONDENT—What 18 the definition | of diphtheria? PuyYsiciaN—The diphtheria now so prevalent is ap acute affection, tue must striking symptoms of which consist in the lormation of a membrane in the throat. | lowering the system makes one prone to take It, |. HERALD CORKESPONDENT—liow do you mean | lowering the system? | PuysictaN—For instance, a person not dieted roperly Will be in a weak and lowered condition. jad air, particularly air poisoned by any cesspools | and # moist, impure atmospbere, will all assist ‘ diphtheria, Again, peisons recovering irom ty pooid iever and children with scariet fever and | Mneasles are liable to this disease, ‘wane CORRESPONDENT—What are the symp- ms PrysictaN—The disease is generally ushered in with a chill, which is jollowed by a very great tn- crease Of temperature, u rapic: pulse and ull the signs O1 lever. As the malady advances the throat becomes parched. paintal and sore, and upon ex- amination at the commencement of the disease the tousiis are seen to be covered with a whitish gray exudation, sumewuat like the curd of miik. This eXudavioa olten exvends into the pharyox, | the laryox and the mouth. When the disease at- | tacks the iarynx the irritation makes the patient sulter with adry cough. | HERALD ConRgSPONDENT—What is the prognosis Of the disease f PHYSICIAN—The prognosis depends on the | Character of the disease, In the case of epidemic diphtheria the prognosis is generally vad, out in sporadic cases we find it better, unless in very young people recently atfected with soarlet fever. HERALD CORRESPONDENT:.-What are the be: precautionary measures vo take ? | PHyYsIcIAN—The best preventive is perfect | good health, obtained by Judicious exercise, guod | work aud Other depressing influences, Strict attentiun should be paid wo drainage and every care taken tu purily the atmosphere of the house, keeping tne air dry and saluvrious. All sudden avuided, as they check the action of the skia and | tend to encourage the infection. HERALD CORRESPONDENT—W at 18 the pest treat ment PHYSICIAN—The best treatment 1s the simplest, only tending to alleviate the sufferings of the | patient, without attempting @ cure. in years | gone by tne patient was put through a very wevere, course Of application, such as id Diphtheria et iniectious diseases that chii- rone to catch, and should one in a lam- in some small apartment than probaole gud sickiy very reason to hope that the worst were affected by dipli- | It 13 in the atmosphere, and anytmng | food, bathing and regular habits. Avoid over. | exposures to neat and cuid should be caresully | ‘he press Of the United States does not ask Gen- eral Grant to define his positiun upon tue third term question. With the exception vl oue or twa other journais, nobody asks him to speak upon tue subject Lut the wen and the Rares we have named. Their position beiore the country, dee feated and repudiated io the last President Campaign, tueir political relation to tue republ can party aod their personal relations toe Freutent humseli, preclude an answer wo thei jemant STATEN ISLAND. | The party of gypsies which some time ageem camped in the Silver Lake wooda is still there. ‘The democratic General Committee of Richmond county will meet at Adame’ Hotel im Tompkins Ville this afternoon, at two o'clock. A large tract of land at Mariner’s Harbor (about | 180 acres) was recently advertised for sale, bat there being no bidders on the day fixed the sale was postponed until next June, The Board of Excise of the village of New Brighton will meet at the village clerk's office balf-past three o’clock P. M. on Friday, the th inst,, 10 act upon applications for license, The Board of Trustees of the village of Bdge- | water have resolved to alter the grades of Bay street and St. Paul’s avenue, and maps and pro- files nave been filed in tne clerk’s oMice. Some thirty prominent iawyers of Richmond | county, including Vounty Judge Metcalfe, have pu> lished @ manifesto recommending the voters of | the county to vote im favor vf the proposed com stitutional amendinents, A barn owned by Messrs. Wood & Keenan, brick manulacturers, at Rossville, was, with ite contents of hay and farming utensils, destroyed by an incendiary tire on Saturday evening. This ig the second barn set on fire in that neighoorhoed | within a tew weeks, A strange fish was washed ashore at the east | end one day last week. It was irom Jour to five teet long and weighed about sixty pounds. It had neither dorsal nor ventral fins, but large flippers, under which were its gills and above which were two tormidavle norns, The mouth was very and iuruished with formidabie teeth avove ai below. ‘The head was about two-thirds the enti ength. Hunureds o! people viewed it, but nol 1 ould tell what it was, | e ——————— |" * que DEATH OF MR WEEKS, | Mr. Fielder 8S. Weeks, of 134 First place, Brooklyn, | died Saturday night from the effects ot mmjuries {n- | Micted by his own hand on Monday last. Mr. Weeks was a New York merchant, doing business | in Duane street, bat recently tatied in business, which greatly affected his mind, He took | some ilaudanum to aid him to. si but it only deranged him, and wi | in that condition he = stapbed himeett in the neck and breast witha penknife. Tne aig | escaped trom uis Langs; but the small wound be | coming closed vy tue blovd, the air caused the body tu swell to twice its natural size. Physicians were summoned, and atter a consultation they mauve an opening over the opposite lung. This releved him, the air rushing out with great Sorce. It was thought he woud recover; but he expired, as above stated. He willbe buried from his late residence to-day. AQOIDENTAL SHOOTING. aia fy in which be some Ve 1 aaa sriead, isued o1 Prussian sovereigns, respected his own Judictal bench, but it would be nui oniy unneces- | Sary. but tedious, and nis exemplary sense of justice is shown clearly enouga in the well known sprinkling calomel ceuterizing, Now, in tue opinion of the leading men oi the day, the Seen envimovasd wl Bers na coca ue onic, invigorating aod supporting, nourishing ¢ ent with digestible sud nutritious articles of auok a8 ead jarimacsous Margaret Scully, aged fourteen, of No. 840 West Twenty-flith street, was accidentally shot im the Stomach jast night while handling @ pistol Soe Was attended at her residence by a police Who pronounced the wound satel ct ‘=