The New York Herald Newspaper, October 22, 1874, Page 3

a THE MOON. The Shadow of ‘Old Earth on Cynthia’s Brow. A Total Eclipse on Saturday Night. ILLUSTRATIVE DIAGRAMS. Between the evening of the 24th and the morn- ing of the 25th of Uctober the people of this coun- ‘try are to behold a total eclipse of the moon. As ‘this coincidence occurs only once in eighteen years, and as the representatives of science and the press have both been mute concerning tts ad- ‘Vent, the facts given in this sequel I believe will be accepted with no little interest by all. HISTORY OP ECLIPSES, An eclipse is an obscuration of one of the heavenly bodies by the interposition of another, either between it and the spectator, or between it | and the sun. The frst total eclipse of which we have any knowledge—that ts, the first recorded, Occurred in the year 720 B. C., and was visible at Babylon, The occurrence was the occasion of great alarm, and, indeed, before the dawn of Science, eclipses, both solar and lunar, greatly affected the minds of the inhabitants of the earth. The ancients failed to comprenend them within the order of nature and regarded them as pre- Rages of dire events, while at one time in Rome it was blasphemy, and punishment by law, to talk fn pudlic of their being due to natural causes, In ancient times when the rays of the moon were obscured the people turned oat and made a great disturbance with drums and brazen instruments, their idea being that the “Queen of the Night’? wasin affliction, and that by making the noise they did they frightened away those who were tormenting her, According tosome, Luna, when in eclipse, was in the pains Of labor, According to others she was suffering Srom the arts of wicked magicians. 4 All barbarian tribes held peculiar notions con- cerning eclipses of the moon. The Chinese imagined that all obscurations of the san or the moon were caused by the attempt of immense dragons endeavoring to devour them, and accord- ingly, whenever eclipses occarred, they would as- semble at strect corners, and, by beating upon gongs and kettles, strive to frighten the Monsters off. On account of these popu- Jar superstitions many parties better versed in science than the common throng ‘which surrounded them, by predicting the coming of an eclipse accomplished many events which we of to-day regard 98 authentic and historical. By the fortunate occurrence of an eclipse Thales brought peace between the Medes and the Lydhans, and by predicting an obscuration of the celestial orbs, Columbus, on March 1, 1504, at Ja- Maica, procured provisions for himseif and his com- panions, after every other effort to secure such provisions had fatled, THE RANGE OF ECLIPSES. Stars, planets and satellites of planets may suffer eclipse, but the principal eclipses, however, are those of the sun and the moon, called soiar and lunar eclipses. The transits of the lower planets | over the face of the sun are partial solar eclipses; but solar eclipses, properly 80 called, are those caused by the interposition of the moon between the sun and the earth. Regarding the eclipses of the moon, it has been said, anda truly satd, thas they are caused | by the moon passing through =the | earth’a shadow Another asrertion of equal importance and truth is that lunar eclipses bap- | pen only at full moon, They do not nappen every | full moon because the moon’s orbit is inclined to | the ecliptic on which the centre of the earth’s | shawdow moves at an angle of 6 deg. 9 min., nearly. | It may be foolish to remark thatin case the Queen | of Night moved on the ecliptic there would be an | eclipse every fall moon, but from the magnitude of the angle of tnclination of her orbit to the ecllp- tic an eclipse can occur only on 4 full moon, hap- pening when the moon 1s at, or very near, one of her nodes, or, in other words, when she is at the points where her orbits intersect the ecliptic. Therefore an obscuration can take place only when the centres of the circle of the earth’s shadow and of the moon’s disc approach within a distance less than the sum of their ap- parent semi-diameters ; consequently, except when near the nodes, the moon, on whichever side of | the ecliptic ste may be, may pass above or below the shadow without entering it the least. The moon’s average diameter is known to be 31 min. 25.7 sec,, aud from the Nautical Almanac we may ascertain the exact amount of the shadow for any | hour, its variations all taking place between the values of 29 min. 22 sec. and 33 min, 28 sec, “THE MOON ITSELF." The poet Butler would have us believe that the | moon is made of “green cheese.” Another poet greater than Butler says:— On, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, That monthly changes im her circled orb! And so it has been that the moon, with a certain class of people, has fallen into great disrepute, | and simply on account of her natural phases, when contrasted with those of the great lumimary from which she borrows her light—the sun, «‘All lunar eclipses are universal, or visible in all parts of the earth which have the moon above tneir horizon,” say the euthorities, and no doubt the Buthorivies are correct, All lunar eclipses, more- bver, are everywhere of the same magnitude, with the same beginning and end. It 18 this univer. #allty of lunar eclipses that leads people to im- agine that there are more eclipses of the moon tan there are of the sun, ‘The Sact ts, however, thatthe latter is more often eclipsed tuan the former, #.¢., there are more eclipses of the sun than there are of the moon. A sun’s eclipse is only visible to a part of the earth, ‘Whereas @ lunar eclipse, as just stated above, is visible wherever the moon can be seen. The con- sequence is that there are more eclipses of the moon visibie at any particular place than of the sun. The reason why the solar eclipse ts visible to only particular portions of the earth is, because being caused by the moon's shadow, it Is only to be seen where the moon's shadow falls and the Dioon’s shadow 18 very much smaller than the earth, ““QCLIPSICAL” CONSISTENCY. A pecuitar fact about eclipses are that they ap- pear in regular order, once only in every eighteen | years and eleven days; this fact was discovered by the ancient Chaldeans, and the period is called the Coaldean period. Therefore, the total eclipse which we shail witness on this coming Satur- aay night took piace eighteen years ago, in October, 1856, The total eclipse of 1856 occurred Bpon Oewber 13, of that year, It was not quite totul, the moon’s edge being about one-five-hun- dredth part of its diameter outside of the shadow. By referring to the large figure at the head of this article it wul be secn that at this time (1874) the moon's edge is about one-twentieth of 13 diamecer within the edge of the shadow. Ateach return of eighteen years it will pass more and more near the centre of the shadow, uotil finally it wilt pass by tte southern edge of the shadow and cease to be total. In other words, 1,000 years hence the eclipse will cease to be total, OCR ECLIPSE. On Satarday night a bright, sun-ilumined Bereen Will bé passed across our midnight frma- ment; will be blotted out in mid-beaven, and emerge ito light again before reaching the west- ern sky—and all for what’ To prove to us that the great shadow of the earth is reatly there in the pigh' hat the mighty cone of shade, based on the circle of the world, rising through the air and through space, ts ever poised tn the night | Leavens, aud Wanis DUG & screen on Which to fali | NEW YORK HERALD, THURSDAY, A DIAGRAM OF THE LUNAR ECLIPSE. yy Y LO Wy Y Sh 55m Yy Uf [7 Barths Z Wy YY TR € Y/Y, J on's a yj Uy, YY S Y Yy Y 7) 12h 50m YY Y YY yy Y This figure represents the path of the Moon through the Earth’s shadow, entering upon the right and moving toward the left. The portion of the Moon’s centre is shown for every ten minutes during the whole eclipse, and the position of the Moon at the four times separately declinated in the figure, 1 to 4. By means of this figure the appearance of the Moon at any other moment may be readily ascertained by drawing acircle to represent the Moon with the centre at the point corresponding to the given time. But to correspond with the position in the heavens the Moon’s axis, which is perpendicular in the figure, must be inclined as upon the smaller figures, by turning the top of the paper toward the right. y to make itself as visible as sunset shadows on a western wall. With such a screen covering our night sky we should see the world’s shadow, ‘tke @ black sun, travestying the motions of that luminary—rising ag he set, setting as he rose—in mid-heaven at midnight, and runoing high or low as he ran low or high, But, with such @ ecreen, there would be no night, Mlaminated by bright sunlight every- where except at the solitary spot where the earth's shadow fell, the night sky would be as if filled with full moons, So perhaps tt 1s as well, on the whole, that the only screen we have is a small one, and one that seldom wanders into that por- tion of the heavens pre-empted, for the nonce, by the earth’s shadow. Our satellite thus takes much less time than we can consume when “through the shadows of the world we sweep into the younger day;” but it must be recollected that we traverse the cone at its base, where it {@ 8,00) miles across, while the moon on Saturday night tas but about 5,000 miles to cross, and plunges tlrough it at a speed of nearly thirty miles a minute, ARE WE TAUGHT? Now, quere, in 60 hactnied an occurrence as a lunar eclipse is there ansthing le(t to be learned— anything not thoroughly understood, the consid- eration of which may rationally occupy our minds while observing the phezomenon? Unhesitatingly yes; amd it is this: The ex- pression “‘olotted out,’ used tn tne first para- graph, does not, as every observer will testify, correctly represent the state of things; and here |, is the wonder. The moon is not blotted out, She 1g there, plainly visibie m the midst of the total- ity, her disc lit up withalurid glow that enables one still to trace the mere conspicuous markings of her suriace. Whence this light owt of darkness? There are but three possible sources—the moon, the earth, the sun, The self-lumnous history of the moon was long ago completed. Exposing her materials four times as lavishly (four times as much surface 1 proportion to ber volume) as our own planet to the action of her atmosphere and the cooling in- fluences of space, she ran the cycle of planetary Ile @ons of ages before the eartn nad entered upon its organic history. Her hungry elements, gaping with their fourfold mouths, drank up her meagre atmosphere, and, subsiding into the apathy of sated oxides or the stupor of hopeless, unsatisfied aMinities, left her fourfold, radiating surface naked to the chilling embraces of the “cold inane.” Prodigal that she was, she literally burned her candle at both ends, and, in the matter of atmosphere, she laid up nothing jor a rainy day. ‘she floats in her orbit—the cinder of a burned up world—white with the sait-ncrusted floors of dried up oceans. No jife, no sound, no motion, rave the ¢rashiess fall of warping precipices and the unarifting spowfakes of the “‘cosmtc dust”? The ruddy eciipse light must, therefore, derive its eXistence from some source other than the cold, pale planet it suffuses, and we are left to select between the earth and sun, The mild “earth hight” which {llumines, and often renders dimly visible, the @ark body of the new moon 1s, bowever, unavailaole for expiainf@g the vis- ibility of the moon’s disc in eclipse. The bright side of tne earth is, in the latter case, tarned completely away from her. To her the sun has set, not behind the hilis of her own hori- zon, but behind the huge planet which figures in her firmament, and which we call the eartn, Slowly he has sunk from.ber view behind the “ragged edge” of the dark planet, leaving her, not in darkness, but in the twilight, or rather partial sunlight, of bis disc, still partly visible by refrac- tion above (around) the planet's edge. We eartnites know that this refraction is capable of maktng the san visible to ug when his whole diac 18 Teally below our horizon. But our lungiess lnnarian, looking across the edge of the earth’s apparent cisc, enjoys the refractive use of this atmosphere twice as compared with him who ts immersed ta it. THE TOTAL VEIL. The total eclipse of the moon, which, with proper | atmospheric conditions, we are to witness on Sat- urday night. will begin at 11:48, at which hour the moon will enter the penumbra. The effect of the penumbra wil! in all probability be nearly tndis- cernable, as the moon’s radiance alter the penum- bral shadow has passed over tt will pe nearly as briltiant as before, At 12:50 P. M., however, the moon will begin to enter the shadow, thus :— This diagram presents the appearance of the moon at ten mimutes to one o’clock on Sunday morning, Ogtober 25, just after the commencement of the eclipse. It shows the edge of the shadow where it is first seen. The direction of the moon’s axis is shown by the line marking its north ana south poles; and the arrow represents the direc- | tion of the moon's motion, the shadow remaining relatively stationary. After thts hour it will be seen that the shadow sitently creeps pom the moon's broad surface, and the observer, if he is patient, will notice the circumstance illustrated in the following diagram :— whioh represents the appearance of the moon at two o'clock, just before the eclipse becomes total. In this figure nearly the whole moon is covered by the shadow. and that nortion of the moon will not be visible in the heavens. will be the short crescent, After the moon has been totally eclipsed it will begin to emerge gradually from the shadow, when, atthe hour indicated in the cut, it will preseot the following appearance :— All that will be seen Until finally the shadow will have almost gone, the appearance of the moon during the last moments of the eclipse being as follows:— Recapitulation. The eclipse of October 25 is the first total eclipse of the moon visible to us since 1856, The eclipse will begin at 11 o’clock and 48 minutes P. M., at which hour the moon will enter the penumbra. ‘The proper or discernable eclipse will begin at 12:50 A. M., and the eclipse will be total at 2 o'clock and 4 minutes, Sunday morning. The middle phase of the eclipse will occur at 2:21 A. M., the end of eclipse at 2:38 A. M., while the moon will leave the ehadow entirely at 3:56 A.M. During the eciipse, the moon will present a somewhat peculiar appearance to vs. The penumbral shadow, as stated above, wili somewhat dim its radiance. Unless one were upon the qui vive for ft, one would not know when the penumbral shadow had fallen. Sometimes in phases of total eclipse the moon is entirely in- visible, bat ordinarily it 1s of a duil reddish color, lke tarnished copper. Upon December, 1833, the color changed to a bluish green as the eclipse pasged off. In March, 1848, the same phenomena occurred, which Sir John Herschel said was caused by “the accidental absence of clouds over a large portion of the earth’s atmosphere, grazed by the sun’s rays at the time.” Exactly how our total lunar eclipse will conduct itself is at present a Ittle dificult to determme: but, as it is an event which occurs only once in eighteen years, and as one needs simply a pair of opera glasses to thor- oughly discern it, it will, no doubt, be viewed by the anxious eyes of thousands, UNHERALDED ECLIPSES, ‘And, now that we are confidential about the moon, let me make a revelation, There will be three lunar eclipses next year not in the alma- nacs. When our great astronomers, Jayne and Holloway, furnish you their inevitable calendars for 1875, you will probably find therein a solar eclipse set down for April and another for Sep- tember, but no lunar eclipse. Neither these cal- endars nor their great prototypes—the nautical almanacs of Greenwich and Washington—will hint that on April 20, and September 15, and Oc- tober 14, 1875, there will oe lunar eclipses. Eclipses, however, there will be. At seven minutes and thirty-nine seconds past eleven A. M., New York tume, on the 20th of April, 1876, the full mooa will be more than half immersed in the earth’s penamora, At Sl minutes and 64 sec- onds past 7 A. M., New York time, on the 15th of September, 1875, the fatl moon will be immersed about two digits in the earth’s penumbra, At 37 minutes and 43 seconds past 5 P, M., New York time, on the 14tn of October, 1675, the fail moon will be immersed more thaneight digits in the earth’s penumbra. On two of these occasions the moon will be on the other side of the world; but, om the evening of October 14, those persons here who have facili- ties for viewing she rising fall moon will probably observe @ faint shading on her southern side for sometime after rising as the twilight dies out, If so, they will have seen @N eclipse not set down in the books, which is something in tnis century where ‘‘ali’s known.” “YOUR MONEY OR YOUR LIFE!" Exploits of the Long Island Highway- me Two well known residents of Flushing, George H. Lott and Wilitam Smith, visited Jamaica on Tuesday in a carriage and started to return home inthe evening. When they reached the ascent of a hill on Flushing, near Hillside avenue, within the limits of Jamatca village, three men, wearing masks, suddenly sprung from a clump of bushes atthe roadside, and one of them attempted to catch the horse by the head, but the animal spied and thus prevented the villain from seizing the bridie, while another struck at Lott's head with a slungehot or a stone tied in a handkerchief, but fortanately hit Mr. Lott on the shoulder tn- stead, Almost ja the same moment Mr. Smith drew @ pistol and discharged tt at the one who at- tempted to stop the horse, evidently witn good effect, ag the bighwayman cried, “Ob, I'm shot!" nnd nis companions hurried him away int the woods. Mr, Smith then put the whip to the horse and the gentiemén arrived home without iurther molestation. A similar occurtence, but with diferent results and which haa only just come to the knowledge of the authorities, took place on Sunday evening last, Just before sundown a gentieman and his wife, while driving on the Hofman boulevard, near Jamaica village, were stopped by two highwaymen who, with drawn pistols, de- manded the gentleman's watch ad money. These were handed ovet, when the robbers, not yet satisfied, also compelled the woman to give up her earrings and Onger rings, and the couple were then permitted to go on their way. Upen arriving at aica tne gentleman related the occurrence, but made Mo complaint to the an- thorities, ‘This maces three attempts at highway roboery, two of whieh have been successful, which bave occurred in the same neighborhood witain 4 lew days, and they are all believed to have been the ‘work Of an organized gang who have their head- quarters and hiding place somewhere in the woods between Jwmaica and Fiushing, The authorities propose to send out a searching party to scour tbe Woods in all directions, GOVERNOR DIX ON THE THIRD TERM Our Veteran Governor Speaks at Last. OPPOSED TO THE THIRD TERM. Governor Dix was in the city yesterday, and left in the afternoon for Albany. Previous to his de- partore he was visited by @ HERALD representa- tive, whom he greeted with bis usual cordiality. Governor Dix was evidently in excellent spirits, and to Judge from his hearty and decidedly jolly appearance was in no wise troybled about the re- sult of the great and serious contest in which he is engaged, Some gentlemen who had seen tne Governor on business, and whom he dismissed in nis kindly manuer, accompanying them to the door, congratulated him good naturedly on nis renomtnation, and expressed the hope to seo him triumphantly e‘eeted, Governor Dix’s answer was quite characteristic. He laughed heartily, and said, in his off-handed way, “Oh, you know that nobody can tell until after the election WHO IS TO BE THE NEXT GOVERNOR.” “Governor,” began the HERALD reporter, when the firat exchange of introductory remarks was over, “I came to see if you could give me any news about the progress of the canvass,” “No,” replied the Governor, assuming a busi- nesa-like air; “I really cannot. I know nothing more about it than 1 have gleaned from the news- papers.” And he added, with a smile, “I must refer you to the columns of the HeRaLp for any news.” “Governor, Ihave seen it stated in the news- papers that you intend to deliver a speech in op- position to the third term on she occasion of a Serenade The Governor smiled, with an expression of in- credulity. “Well, 1t is funny how these state- ments get into tne newspapers, I don’t know where the Tribune got that. Iam quite at aloas to tell.” “am I to understand you, Governor, as saying that you intend to deliver no such speech on any such occasion ?”” NO NEED OF EXPRESSING HIS VIEWS. “Oh no,” the Governor replied inan emphatic tone, “I have never thonght of doing any such | thing. I have no reason to suppose that anybody thinks 1am in favor of athira term for General Grant, and hence it would be ridiculous for me to take such astep.’” “Do you think most people regard you as being opposed to the third term, Governor ?”” “ay! the Governor answered, “I have every reason to suppose so. I have spoken very freely on the subject to my friends, but as to any public declaration of my views—why, nobody has asked me for them.” And after a pause the Governor added, with a good-natured smile, “That is, nobody but the interviewers,” “If any respectable body of your constituents were to address you a letter requesting a public response, would you answer it, Governor 9’ “Most undoubtedly,’ was Governor Dix’s reply. “If any of my constituents were to address me such a letter I should gladly answer it, stating my views as opposed to the third term.” “Do you think General Grant desires a third term of office, Governor ?"’ “No, certainly not. Why the President’s friends have declared publicly that General Grant has not the slightest intention OF RUNNING FOR A THIRD TERM. There is Judge Pierrepont, for instance, one of the President’s warm friends, who states emphati- cally that General Grant does not desire a third term, and, what is more, that even his supporters and friends do not wish tt.” “and if General Grant desired a third term do you think, Governor, tnat the republican party, in deference to his wishes, would renominate him?”’ The Governor shook bis head and smiled. “On, I can’t say anything about that,’ was all the reply be vouchsafed to this question, And ne repeated, “On, I really—I don't know anything about that." “It has been stated, Governor, that your re- election 1s considered by the republican party as an indorsement of the third term.” “Oh, that’s nonsense,” the Governor replied; “considering that I myself am opposed to the third term. And now, will you kindly excuse me, as I have to leave for Albany ?” The reporter then shook hands with our brave Governor ana left him with many thanks, THIBD TERM EXCITEMENT IN VERMONT. RUTLAND, Uct, 21, 1874, ‘The third term excitement among the “outs” is alarming the “ins.” Senator Morrill, of this State, on his way home {rom Wasbington a few days ago, through-ticketed via Rutland, took the boat at Whitehall, saying he must go and see Senator Edmunds, at Burlington, who had the President's ear, and beg of him to ask the Presi- dent to disavow having any destre for a third term, or the republican party would be badly de- feaved and in @ minority in the next House. This information you can rely upon as positively true, THE SOUHEGAN BANK ROBBERY. The Total Lose—Reward Offered for the Apprehension of the Robbers. MILFORD, N. Bi, Oct. 21, 1874, ‘The accounts of the Souhegan Bank have been thoroughly investigated, and it turns out that the total loss to that institution is $40,000. This amount, with the losses to private individuals, swells the whole amount taken to $120,000. The directors met thia moraing and offered a reward of $5,000 for the apprehension and conviction of the desperadoes. The board also voted to resume business at once, ‘The loss the bank has sustatned will not impair {a pe $100,000, but it will effectuaily use up Detectives have discovered no trace of the thieves, who, itis believed, have gone across the country to New York. THE WEATHER YESTERDAY, The following record will show the changes in the temperature for the past twenty-four hours, in comparison with the corresponding day oi last year, as indicated by the thermometer at Hudnut's pharmacy, HBRaLD Building :— 1878. 1874, 1873, 1874. 54 = 60" 8:30 4 M 58 64 Maat year, APPOINTED VICAR-GENERAL, QuEBRC, Uct. 21, 1874 Rev. Mr. Auclair, curate of Notre Dame de mehec, has been appointed Vicar-General of the loceses Remousky and Sherbrooke, OCTOBER 22, 1874.-TRIPLE SHEET. THB LOUISIANA CONTROVERSY. A Crucial Letter from Judge Black, of Pennsylvania. THE PRESIDENT COMPLETELY WRONG, | + He Had No Shadow of Right to| Interfere. Alexander H. Stephens Disagrees with Mr. 0’Conor. JUDGE BLACK’S LETTER. To THe Eprror or THR HeRALD:— 1 have read with great interest, as well as ad- miration, the opinions of Mr. Reverdy Joboson and Mr. Charles O’Conor, on the situation of Louisiai and I will now give you my own views on the same subject. But having no time for elaboration, I s:ate conclusions rather than argu- ments, The President can law/fully use the organized physical force of the Union to control the inter- nal sfairs of a State only for one purpose—to de- fend it against domestic violence, that is, to sup- press insurrection against the State government, This he cannot do unless called upon by the Legislature or by the Governor, when the Legis: lature ts not in session, The constitution of the United States and the acts of Congress carefully confine his intervention to cases of this kind. If | he may disregard these limits there are no others to hold him, and bis power ,is consequently despotic. 2 The State ts that which standa. Ita govern- ment is “the powers that be.” Its officers are those who actually exercise its authority. It 1s, therefore, the call of the de fucto government that the President must respond to. This principle pervades all law, municipal and interpational, and its observance is absolutely necessary to the preservation of our domestic tranquililty, as well as the peace of the world. If the President as- sists @ faction hostile to the existing government, with intent to drive the incumbent magistrates from the seat of power, he excites domestic vio- lence and makes insurrection, instead of sup- pressing it. The facts of the Loutsiana case, asI think they Gre universally understood since the publication of Mr. Carpenter’a report, are these:—-A man named Kellogg aspired to be Governor, but wholly failed of the election. Nevertheless, he claimed the office on grounds which were not only talse and fraudulent, but absurd. He had no show of a case before the proper authorities, whose duty it was to decide contested elections; but he Jaid his claim before a federal Judge, who made an order for his installation. This order was as destitute of all legal force or validity, as ifit had been made by the first negro that Keliogg might have picked upin the street. I take tt for granted that the Judge and all the federal oMicers, ctvil and military, | as well as Kellogg himself, knew that 1c was ut- | terly void, It would be no charity to suppose eitner of them tgnorant enough to believe thata Judge of the United States Court had any authority or jurisdiction of the subject matter, or any right whatever to imtermeddie with the business, Nevertheless the marshal and the commander of the federal troops, acting in pursuance of previous instructions {rom Washington, and witn the ap- probation of the President himseif, undertook to | execute the order, expeiled the officers of the ex | | isting government ana put the pretender and bis adherents into full possession of the State. Political power unlawfully obtained is always abused, The State was insulted, oppressed and plundered until it became ‘a vexation even tohear the report thereof.” To gorge the rapacity of the | rulers property and capitai were so burdened with taxes that a general contiscation of every honest Inan’s lands, goods and money would hardly have been a more grievous infliction. This was borne by the body of the people so patiently that we | spirit of their forefathers seemed dead within them. Their tameness was excusable only by two | reasons, 1n the first place a successful resistance | was impossibie while thé usurper was surrounded | and guarded by the bayonets of the federal army; | and second, they looked forward to the election as a peaceful remedy for their wrongs, But tui | last hope left them when they saw that Kellogg | Was arranging the machinery of the regjstra- | tion to cheat them by @ false count of the votes and thus keep them in subjection for an tn- | definite time. Convinced that they must rise by | their own unassisted strength or be forever | jallen, they resorted to the witima ratio, threw off | the shackles and placed the supreme executive | power in the hands of the man who had been legally elected nearly two years before. Never was revolution more just or conducted with | greater prudence. Its success was complete; the baseless fabric of tyranny tell at the first rush of the popular movement; its chief absconded, his familiars slank away from bis ruined fortunes, and all over the State the official instrumen‘s of cor- | ruption yielded their places to the appointees of | the lawful government. Louisiana was free and every friend of liberty and justice in or outof the State rejoiced over the fact. But the President wrathfully determined to put the yoke back again on the neck of the State. To that end he sought out Kellogg tu his hiding place; again expelled the true Governor and again forced the submission of the people to the same adventurer whom he had alded before, ‘The unconstitutional character of the President’s first act, when he everthrew tho then existing | government and put Kellogg in the executive | chair by mere force, is admitted both by Mr. Johnson and G’Conor. It would have been wonder- tul, indeed, (f either of them had attempted to Jusuiy so plain and palpable @ violation of the | fandamentallaw. But they differ apparently about the President’s daty at the time of his second in- tervention, I concur with Mr. Johnson in the opinion that after Kellogg was in the President | could not turn him oat; he wae de saucto Governor; and no matter whether be became 0 by fraud, or force, or accident, the fact of possession was all | that the President could lawfully see. Of course, ldissent from Mr. O'Conor with all the cautious difference due to his great name; but if he means to say that Goneral Grant had @ right to pull down the de sucto government of Kellogg | whenever he repented his own act in setting it up, I venture to put in @ denial. Remember, the President bas no right to turn anybody oat, nor even to inquire how any actual incumbent got in. To overthrow one de facto government because he had wrongfally overthrown another would, in- stead of atoning for the first error, only double the biander, He cannot play fast and loose with the liberties of @ State, nor, like Pharoah, let the peo- ple go tree or hold them im bondage according as the Lord hardens his Reart or terrifies him witn Plagues. But I respectfully submit that this point on } which Mr. Johnson and Mr. O’Conor divide is not in the case. General Grant never intervened to protect ade facto government in Louisiana, His | last act, like the frst one, was a war against | the existing authorities. Kellogg never nad any utile except his naked possession. That was enough While it lasted; but every vestige of power had left him when the federal troops took bim from his hiding place in the Custom House and placed him a second time in the executive chair. | Tne McEnery government was at that time as completely established as tt tta power had dated a century back, Ib was the government de fure. That did not do it mach practical good while ita oMcers were prevented by the military force of the usurper from exercising their functions; but when the people took their business into their own hands and pat their elected rulers into their proper pigces, then the legal title and the actual | possession united in the same persons, It is mere | folly to say that Kellogg was Governor an instant | alter that, The Jorcible reinstatement of him was | atthe St. Nicholas Hotel. 3 &n !nsnrrection against the proper authority of the Stace as mach as his frst instalment. IfT am right thus far, it follows that Generar Grant ou both occasions committed a grave vViola- tion of his constitational duty, in a master vitally affecting the rights of the Staves and the liberties ofthe people. Of his conduct there can certainly | be no decent pretence of justification, and, so far as I can perceive, no reasonable excuse, unlews he can say that his legal advisers imposed upon him by a false reading of theo onstitution. Mr. O’Conor refers to Congress aa the paramount authority, whose recognition of the Kellogg gov- ernment would have bound the President and all others. The opinion of che Coart in Luther vs. Borden speaks of the jurisdiction which Congress has over the subject, but does not define it, | 1 Know of no power in that boay except to pre- serive by general rules the manner in which the Presigent shall perform the duty assigned by the constitution to him, aud Ido not think that either Mr. O’Conor or Chief Justice Taney could have meant anything ivis certain that Congress could not legislate Kellogg in or out of office, and its “recognition”? would no more strengthen his title than i¢ would add a cubit to his stature. Those Senators were wise and faithful men who refused to vote for Mr. Carpenter's bili, becanse tt Was @D unconstitutional interference with @ mat- ter which belonged to the people of the State ex- clusively. J. 8. BLACK, Yor«, Pa., Oct. 19, 1874, A. H. STEPHENS’ LETTER. The following political letter from the eminent historian and statesman of Georgia will be read with interest :— Lingety HALi, URAWPORDSVILLE, Oct. 11, 1874, Mn. F. BYRDSALL:— My Dgak Sin—Your letter of the 8th ust, with enclosure of Mr, Charles O’Conor's letter, &c., Was received this morning. Your previous letter, in acknowledgment of my Greensboro speech, was also duly received. Iam obliged to you for both. I had seen Mr. O'Conor’s letter, but Ido not agree with Mr. O'Conor’s premises or conclusions. The Tribune is central to the core, 80 also is the Sun, and the World pretends to be democratic, but is democratic only on radical principles. I had, however, seen Mr, U’Conor’s letter published * in several of our Southern papers, I do not agree with Mr. O’Conor in his premises or conclusions, He sets out with asserting that Grant had decided that “Kellogg was duly elected.” Now, in point of fact, Grant has never decided any such thing. after Kellogg brought his suit in the Federal Court, as be had a right to do under the abominable Enforcement act, so called, all that Grant did was to ald in the enforce- ment of the judicial process, as it wag his duty todo under the act. He had no right ta inquire elther into the correctness of that jadg~ ment of the Court or the validity of the election of either Kellogg or McEnery. These were questions’ he bad no right to decide, and he said so. He only enforced judicial process. Mr. Reverdy Johnson made a similar blunder; even Mr. O’Conor. He says Grant decided that Kellogg was duly elected. This decision, he says, Was wrong; but, having made tt, he could not correct it, On this point Johnson has the advantage, because the truth is they are both wrong in their premises and both quite a botch in their conclusions. In my. opinion Grant dia nothing but extend the act of Congress, It nas been my effort for two years to keep the democracy from the great error of making an improper issue with Grant on this Louisiana muddle. Tne strength of the democracy’ lies in the truth, What they should assatl is the radical construction of acts of Congress, from which all these troubles spring, and not this man who executes the acts of Congress as they stand upon the statute book. The great strength of the democracy tn 1876 is an arraignment of the radical party sor ail the utter failures attending the reconstruction 80 called, and @ grand centennial slogan, arousing the ‘masses {rom one extent of the country to the other tn support of the principles announced by Mr. Jefferson and the Congress of the States, on, the 4th of July, 1776. “Down with usurpations and up with the constitution!” should be the battle cry in 1876. Yours truly, ALEXANDER H, STEPHENS, THE LEOTURE 8EasoN. An address will be delivered this evening be- fore the annual meeting of the Medico-Legal S0- ciety, to be held at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, by R. Ogden Doremus, M.D., LLD., Professor of Chemistry aud Toxicology in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College and chemist to the soclety, “On the duties of members of the medical and legal professions, toxicologists, phar- maceutists and county oMcers in cases of poison- ing, and the necessity of proper legislation on the sabject.” An election of officers will be held and other business transacted. Mr. Bayard Taylor will deliver a jecture on ne Egypt” this evening at the Academy of Usic, Dr. T. S. Lambert will lecture on “Woman” this evening at the Methodist Episcopal church, corner of Bediord and Morton atreets. Rev. Patrick Toner, of Towanda, Pa., repeated Jaat night, at the Cooper Institute, his briiliant lecture on “Che Poets of Lreland,” which was lis- tened to with euthnsiastic approvation by a large auditory. The proceeds are for the venedt a weak and struggling church at Towanda. ‘The American Society of Civil Engineers met last. evening at No. 63 William street and listened to @ Valuable paper irom Professor Robert H. Thurston. on the caloric value of wet fuel, A general discus- sion followed on the education of civil engineers, # treated of ina recent paper by Mr. Thomas U. piarke. CARRIAGE MAKERS’ CONVENTION. The third annual meeting of the Carriage Bailders’ National Association was held yesterday The attendance com- prised almost every member of the association, The Convention was called to order by Hon. 0, P. Kimball, lately the democratic candidate jor Goy- ernor of Maine. The association re-clected Mr. Kimball President; Mr. Clement Studevaker, Vice President; Mr. Wilder 4. Pray, Secretary and Treasurer, and the old Executive Committee. That committee reported, through Mr. John W. Britton, ite cuairman, among other recommenda- tions, & proposal to memorialize Congress for a re- duction Of tari upon carriage makers’ material Ex-Governor J. R, Hawley, of Connecticut, was imtroauced and arged the association to tuke aa active part in the National Centennta)l Exhibition. He said that foreign carriage manulacturers have already dsked for space for tneir work at the Ex- hibition, and the American carriage makers onghé not to allow themselves to be beaten. Ex-Gov- ernor Biglow and Mr. A. 8. Goshorn also spoke in the same Strain. ‘The assoctation decided io ap- point # cominitttee of five to confer wita the Cen- tennial Extibition Commissioners. Mr. Brition read to the Convention a letter, drafted by the Executive Committee, in response 10 a letter of congratalation and advice received Jast year from the Carriage Buli ? Association of London, England. After several speeches az- rangements were made for the collection of trade statistics by especial committee and the Convea- tion adjourned. DISCIPLINE ON THE ROANOKE. Astory has circulated lately that there is a lack of discipline oa board the United States tron-clad Roanoke, which now lies ta the North River; thas the sailers are not punished if they ges drunk, and are not provided with enough food. An in- vestigation proves she report untrne in every par+ ticular. The discipline on the Roanoke 1s perfect; the officers exgct tt, and, as ali the sailors h been in the navy for years they obey it The Roanoke is regarded by sailors place for duty, and some of her crew are shipped as landsmen, thongd they have before rated as able seamen. Her officers, too, are men of high ‘acter, WHO Would not permit the sailors to be badly treated. The scandalous story is attributed toe fellow who was lately discharged a Roanoke ag a ‘‘skuiker,'? oy Sergiy enter AMER WINANTS—ALL HOPE ABANDONED, No further news has deen received in thie city Tespecting the lost steamer A. Winants, of which afull account was given in Tuesday’s HERALD. The Qoast Wrecking Company, who owned her, have given up all hopes of her, being under the imoression that she foundered oa the 27h of Sep. tember of Charleston, during # terrific hurrican The treasurer of the company believes that the Wreck, bottom up, evidentiy @ river steamer, seen of Savannah by the steamer Saragossa, was thew lost vessel, [nis was reported at Savannah on the 84_of Octover last. The Coast Wrecking Compeng intend to send their steamer Lackawanna to Key West to-mor- TOW to take the viace of the Winants. THE LOST