The New York Herald Newspaper, June 1, 1874, Page 5

4 STEAM LANES. Present Condition of the Great Maritime Question. WHY THEY SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED, Action of Congress, the Chamber of Commerce and Distinguished Scientists, ‘The HRALD’s advocacy of ‘steam lanes” shows ‘what great practical benefits may arise trom the intelligent discussion of a public desideratum in the columns of a newspaper. The atten- téon of the most eminent scientists has been en- Mated in the subject, and the certainty that they must be ultimately adopted has had the effect of enleting also that not sparse body of gentlemen ‘Who are always reaay to rush to the embrace of Success, recognizing that there is no success like success. The Social Science Congress, which ts Row in session, is to take up the subject and urge “steam lanca” as a necessity; the Chamber of Commerce has already fulminated its decree that they must be established; Congress has placed the matter in the hands of gentlemen as earnest and popular as Mr. Cox in the Youse and Senator Conkiing in the Senate; the steamship companies have already yielded to the demand of the people; England, through the House of Com- mons, and France, by the voice of Admiral Jaurez, have botn assented to the broad principle as at once humane, practical and of the first marittme importance. It is certain, then, that such a move- ment, so auspiciously begun, cannot end in mothingness. It is not exaggeration to say that the enterprise, while exceeding simple tn itself, is one of the most novel of our times, involving the Sret interests of commerce and security to life. How necessary is it, then, to take A BROAD VIEW OF THE WHOLE SUBJECT} to examine it as affecting the traveller, the ship- per, the sailor, the officer on deck, the capitalist and the underwriter? The mere establishment of these “lanes” will reqmre the codification of a complete system of mariti:ne jurisprudence, and ‘Will have the almost immediate effect of binding ‘the great commercial Powers im such indissoluble ties that war will be a remoter contingency than it was left by the Treaty of Washington. HOW WILL THEY AFFECT THE TRAVELLER? The traveller tarning to any port er country ‘which he desires to visit either as the tourist in Pursuit of pleasure or as the man of business bent n some hasty but important enterprise, imme- lately consults all his authorities in order to dis- cover the shortest, safest and pleasantest route. If he be a tourist then he does not necessarily select the shortest route. He has time to stop at some intermediate city; time to visit historical gites and gather rich collections of the native curiosities. Let us suppose that his objective point is Liverpool. He visits Bowling Green, buys his ticket, and in technical Pariance “his passage 1s taken.”” Heavy weather intervenes between the date of engaging his state- room and the date of sailing, and bis numerous friends recall with horrible vividness all the acci- dents which have occurred on the Atlantic. He is reminded of the fate of the old Collins line; how steamer after steamer came to an untimely end, @nd the surviving widows and orphans are men- tioned by name. The recent appalling disasters, with all their harrowing details, are succinctly and graphically set fortn for bis benefit, and the most heartrendmg pictures of the sad scenes which accompany shipwreck, foundering and collision are made to overwhelm bim like a nightmare. Whatever instinct in the haman heart 1s may be which induces these Job's comforters to Yemind you of the dangers incident to ocean travel, it is there, and it never loses an oppor- funity to find expression. What theme ts oftener Fecited than tue details of the wrecked Atiantic | during that cold winter morning when she ran on a rock off the Canadian coast? How many times have we all heard of the loss of the City of Boston—ill-iated crait—but never with the details! How oiten has the story of the Ville du Havre been told and the recent accidents servea up for the benefit of the timid women and children who cannot resist the impulse to visit Europe! It ig this talk, which is inevitable, and which ki thousands, we might say hundreds of thousau of people at home who would otherwise go abroad. In fact, disasters at sea have a very powertul effect on the public mind—so powerful an effect tbat travellers journeying southward prefer to take the rickety Southern railways rather than a cucan the coastwise steamships. One disaster @ terrible calamity to a line. Successful opera- tion is bound to bring agrand fortune and a pub- lic admiration not second to that idolatry which fa extorted by the grandest of human achieve- ments. There is » well known line plying be- tween this port and Europe which can proudly boast that it bas never losta life. its discipline is periect, and 60 perfect that people think that the officers are unnecessarily crusty, ugly and iil- tempered. They are not 80. Duty apd this pride, ‘which they would not sacrifice by calamity, makes them of heart in the right direction—that 1s, they do not permit the passenger to interfere with their busmess, When you hear that this captain or that captain is not a genial, kind-hearted man you can make up your mind that he is a good sea- map, who wil not land you athwart of a jagged Fock. But few lines have ever arrived at tnis per- fection of discipline, and, therefore, a sharp, man, ee, international system, as rigid as the “rules the better government of the navy,” is de- manded in the interests of life. Money is a pow- erful incentive in all departments of life, gnd above all the greed for ready money—“quick profits” is more demoralizing than mere mercantile @varice, which, to a certain extent, is the part of every man’s nature, whether he sit on a grand throne, be a gay prince at St. Petersburg, to whom @iamonds are @ song, or the low vagabond of the ¢ity puriieus, It has been said bya phtisopher and @ traveller that a man will do more in the pursuit | im than in the chase‘of glory, more even than | in defence of his religion; we might add to this and say that he will do more inquest of gold than for the security of life. He will wantonly sacrifice human beings the sacrifice will not ft | apy kind of tecnnical murder. This broad truth is sadly apparent in all the commerce Of the seas, The English and Scandinavian races alone are exceptions to the rule. John Buil is tially ‘owler. He lives to find fault, He @ born critic. Anything that interferes with his comfort, if he pay a fartning for that com- modity, he denounces in vigorous language and emphatic terms, and is generally rewarded with Success. If his denunciation is not heeded ho [2 eer rint and gives a loose vein 8 PD lignation belore the sypathiz- eae rg The complaints of outraged trav. | ei ag published in the London Times, are certainly among the most entertaining literary curiosities of the day. But their effect is | good and an abuse cannot be repeatedly attacked ‘without some remedy, vemporary or otherwise, is S@pplied by the ofender. To the icar of this power May be attributed a great deal of the zeal which obaracterizes the administration of English steam- ship companies, But this force is not 01 world. | le existence. We have too little of it in | America, and because, we must assume, the American is in too much has¥ to fight a small point, even if his life nas been jcopardized by 8 careless oficial exercising his mnctions on sea or land, Tous while in England public opinion com- mands watchfulness over life, the same is hardly wi true elsewhere. @ cannot hope that the action of any one nation will ever produce a Gesirable system of “steam lanes.’ The move- ment must be international, Laws formed and entorced by combined co-signataries toa tréaty are | Much more binding than a local statute. It is a) ‘ent, then, that the mind of the tourist is not in State of entire repose as jong as his head is filled ith the recollections of disasters. He argnes’ that maritime seen is declining ; steamer after steamer 1s foundering at sea; a general terror prevaiis; travel ts dropping off; wnat dire calam- ity will come next? With these views pass- ing through his mind and a remote convic- tion that ne not survive his journe; Soross the water, he presents himsel{ on boar his steamship Alter tne clamorous crowd who | are always on board to ‘see you off” have de- Parted and tue avalanche of flowers have been | Temoved, the luggage stowed away in the hold, @ Seat at the table founa, the traveller seeks the “amoke room,” and there is the ship’s wisdom pohly probably fitty passengers who have Sane the sea again and again, and they begin discuss the prospects of the voyage long before the steamer has leit Sandy Hook below tle west- ern campy Pools are sold, the passage is settled men an fe detect in the crowd Pa reenre| EN THE SAME SARCASTIO VISAGE whose most cheerful prophecy 18 a disaster. “No ship,” he rattles on, ‘nas ever had my confidence ‘whose length is 400 feet, Why, look at her; she is of the shape of a cane—all ‘length. Just let a erfal sea strike her on the weather Ww, and our widows will rejoice _be- fore another year passes away.” Then follows @ record of all the calamities that have Occurred and many that have never taken place, Reassuring coiloquy 01 this species is the diversion of a voyage. The confidence of the timid is shaken; every sea which expends itself on deck, thunders | against the deadliguts, dashes furiously over the houses on deck, makes seven-cighths of the passen- gers tremble with fear. A snowstorm comes on or & fog supervenes, the sea is rising and the wind howling, and the entp labors Deavily, while the fog whistle sounds a constant alarm. ‘The timid man bewins to weaken. He knows that they are on 00 fixed route of travel, that they are on the broad North Atlantic, away trom timely succor, and that if the ship goes down the boats cannot live. Now if this umid man could feel assured that a twin ship were not far distant, within signainng dia- tance, and that they were not abroad vn the sea, bus on AN ABSOLUTE ROUTE OP TRAVEL, then he could sleep soundly, eat, drink and smoke Weil, and not suffer all of the torments ol a watery grave in prospect. The mere teeling that a cou ‘panionship is near at hand would remove il ter- ror which is diabolical to the mind of a seaman. It may be sald that great loss ot lite is more fre- uentiy entailed from imaginary danger than trom at which is real When @ panic seizes a herd of passengers then all is lost. Not only is this true On the sea, but it 18 more than true on the land. All will recall the terrible excitement on the burn- ing of the Cathedral at Lima, when more than 2,000 men and women made a rugn tor the doors ; but they closed up the passage ways and the 8 Of the Victims, Charred aud beyond recog- nition, were all that was left of the most brillant society of Peru. Hence every movement which tends to reassure Lhe public in places of possibie danger is the best provision which can be made against disaster. ‘We will now suppose that » A BEAL aCOIDENT © occurs; that the steame: pee aleak, thet the fires are put out, the sails will not keep ber to the wind or before the wind, her canvas has been blown from the boltropes; aud she gets in tie trough of the sea, disabied aud in a sinking condi- tion, in 4 nowling tempest, ‘This ts certainly an Uapleasant predicament, but “steam lanes’ we will assume exist, ‘there snould be a twiu vessel aream. Possibly sbe too is disaviei, but such an event would not occur once iu a thousand times, Suppose she 18 not disabied. it ts night time. Rocéets are sent up, There is aiog and the fire | Signals Cannot be seen, electric lights even cau | not be seen, the stecm whistie canaut be | heard; but @ gun fired can ve heard above | roar, and the twin ship bears down in the direction of the call Thus relic! 18 ac hand, and relief too @ character that is demanded, .We have sup} 1d & most extraor- dinary catastrophe—one probably that might never occur in mid-ovean. How much easier, ‘hen, would be accidents of a minor character, but which without the presence of rele: would brent all the lives on board in certaia peril! It is ardly surprising, then, that steam lanes, in view of all the emergencies that will suggest themselves to the most experienced traveilers, should have created such @ wide and general approval. We bave heard no one op) them, and no ope can canes, them, because they have been endorsed by all the best authorittes ‘among the maritime na- tions, The New York vhamber of Commerce nas taken an active interest in their establishment, ACTION OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. At @ recent meeting Mr. John Aust Stevens offered the tollowing resolutions :— rent aren @ committee be appointed to draft a memorial fo Congress praying it to take early measures, in concert with the governments of other maritime ua: tions, to so order the ward and mward courses of steam vessels upon the Atiantic as to diminish the daily growing danger ot collisions, now the chiet peril of the sea. Resolved, That the same committee be requested to report upon the feasibility of usiug electric ights upon Ocean steamers for still further security trom collision, and the propriety of requiring that the cabins and ‘he Dassagen shall be always lighted af night by lights inac: Goasible to the passengers, but which may be ovscured Dy thein in the staterooms at will, The question was taken separately on the reso- lutions, and they were unanimously adopted, aud the committee was authorized to transmit to both houses of Congress an autienticated copy o! the memorial called for in the first resolution. The President appoimted as such committee Messrs. John Austin Stevens, Jr.; Francis 8. La- throp, Williim O. ‘thompson, As will be seen from the annexed memorial, Congress readily embraced tne proposition and referred the matter to the appropriate committee. ‘The arguments cited in this Memorial are unan- swerable. THE MEMORIAL. In sccordance with these resolutions the follow- ing memorial was iorwarded to Congress :— To rx Hononasie rox Szxate ano House or Rerre- SENTATIVES OF Tux UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN UON- GRESS AssuMBLED:— May 17 Pixasz Youn Wonorasre Boprs—The Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, alarmed by the increasing trequeucy ot collisions at sea upon the now thickly covered ocean track between the American and ‘suropean continents, and fully believing that this ter- rible danger (which the late mnking of the Ville du Havre in mid-ocean hag brought into sifong, light) ean only be diminished by some uniform legislation of the great maritime Powers, respectiully prays that your bonora- | ble bodies will take early measures to secure the estab- lishment of an international commission to coasider ig grave subject in all ity bearings. ‘The table annexed presents a comparative estimate ot the loge of lite and property trom collisions alone lor the Past six years. Itis not posible, except by long and ifficult research, to arrive at positive accuracy; still, enough is shown to prove the need of some general legis- lation. Itis not the purpose of your memorialists to propose to Congress any definite plan by which such rils may be wholly avolded. A total avoidance is in @ nature of things impossible; but it is seli-evident that ‘an establishment of inward and outward ocean tracks for winter and summer passages within detined limits of latitude and longitude, and with sufficient penaities upon vessels and owners for non-compliance, will greatly Guninish the dangers from collision, which ‘are daily in- creasing with the rapid increase of ocean travel, The directors ot the Cunard line, since the Zist of May of the present year, have lald down courses for their stenmers for the’outward and homeward passages, speci- fying the latitudes at which the meridian or fitty degrees Mhust be crossed. This is @ tair beginning in the right direction, but it is not sufficient tor general courses tor all vessels, Wide and weil defined tracks should be laid down, the true limits ot the opinion of your memorialists, can be best dete-mined by an inter- national commission, before which owners of vessels, shipmasters and scientific observers may be heard—to the end that by a thorough conference @ cordial con- sent may be had {n the resulting legislation. d_ter the establishment of such commission your wialists will 4 tints wileve) TuLLAM E, DODGE, Prendént. Gzoncx Winsor, Secretary. Naw Yoru, Deo: 17,1 The committee proceeds :— This memorial rasprosentad, to the House on the 18th of December by the Hon. 8. 8. Cox, memper from New York, ordered to be printed and reierred to the Commit- tee on Commerce ; and on the 19th to the Senate by the Hon. Roscoe Conkling, senator from this State, and re- ferred to the Senate Commitiee on Commerce, ‘The House of Representatives was pleased to receive the memorial In open House, and to pass it directly to its Sommnitne ae exception to the rule that such docu- bea driven by storm upon an unknown Probable that the power of a strong ave From this and numerous other expressions of sympath with the object proposed, on the part of members ot bot! press, your committee have reason to believe that the prayer ot the memorial will be heard with favor by Con- ‘our committee have had under consideration the second brauch of the subject—“the use of eleciric and respectfully report :— ‘There {s,fot, aud never has been, any doubt as to the jarge sailing vesse as regards their own sate and that ot other end emaller crat. with which thes ote ratio to the power Of the light. By ita use the danger of collision will greatly diminished, if not Nholly foreseen accidents be also greatly increased. A consid- eration of the two terribly accidents of tie past year, | steaniships on the ocean, with several hundred passen- gers and crew—the one, ihe Atlantic, by shipwreck on yn in open sea, Clearly establishes the correctness of opinion. coast, itis more than | uught, bringing into | ice | Ments shall pass to committees only through the Clerk. houses, and trom the general approval Of the intelligent tan early day, and meet the tavor‘of the country. other bate upon steamers and seagoing vessels—and vantage Co Rowernl light upon steamers and in danger of collision. ihese advaniages are in direct avoided, and the means of safety in case of other and un- Tesulting in the total loss of two of the largest and finest the northern coast; the other, the Ville a Havre, by col. | ¢ case of the Atlantic, out of her course and View the coast Hue, might hi ato warn the officer in charge of the near danger in tine tor him to have steered clear of the rocks upon which the vessel was stranded; but even it this had not been the case It | annot be denied that the results of the shipwreck would been much less fatal, Many lives were'lost in the | ness which could, no doubt, have been saved in the close proximity of the vessel’to the shore betoro it | finally went down. With proper light the contusion would have been less and a communication with the land have probably been established. And in the case of the Ville du Havre, though the catastrophe itself might not have been avoided, which 4s not probable, bad a brilliant light shown the steamer's course the chances of escape would have been immens- urably increased. The mistake of Senator Conkling’s bill, and which has been pointed out editorially in the HER- ALD, is that one commissioner ts hardly enough to grasp and determine all the practical bearings of | his great question. Yet it remains to be seen | what action will be taken in the premises, SENATOR CONKLING’S BILL. The foliowing is the full text of the bill intro- | duced by Mr. Conkling :— Be it enacted, 4c., That the President shail nominate and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate | appoint & commissioner on the part of theyUnited Siates to meet with such other commissioners’as may be ap- pointed by the mariime Powers of Kurope, to frame | such international laws and regulations as may seem | adequate to secure increased safety to ocean travel, by | the laying down of ocean courses for inward and out- Ward passages, summer and winter, of steam vessels; or the enforced use of electric and other lights upon ‘all steam vewsels crossing the North Atlantic or other fog tiiudes, and the requirement of sufficient raft accom- moaations nro fron steamers, for the safety of lite, in | case of diss ‘hat the compensation ofsuch commissioner SKOTION 2. shail pe ‘Sec. 3.—That the President of the Umted States shall, atanearly day, ye due notice of the appointment ol these commissioner on the part of the United States to tho governments of the maritime Powers of curope, and | to invite their co-vperation In the international commis- sion herein proposed. STEAM LANES AND SCIENCE. Intimately connected wich ‘steam lanes” is nec- essarily a tter study of the sea. The Hydro- graphic Office ‘at Washington has already ‘one good work in deep sea peer ok and in the gen- eral accumulation of sctentific knowledge. But the greater labor has been expended in the Pacific, ‘This can hardly be understood, when itis remem- berea i the most important interests of the United States are in the North Atlantic. It will become the duty of the government at Wasbing- ton, after the commission shall have been ap- pointed, to diverge from this policy and carry on @ series of scientific hydrographic surveys in the zones of ‘steam lanes,’ to the end that the track- Ways may be periectly determined by many differ. ent bs bh of check—not the least important of which 1s deep sea sounding. If asclentific ofmecr were attached to each merchant sveamer there Would be little diMcuity in soop collecting abun- dant maritime knowledge for the support of “steam lanes.” natn inne THE OOMING MAN. [From the Philadelphia Press.) President Grant seems to have at last yielded to the sentiment which demands a change in the | Treasury Department, and to bave chosen General | B, H. Bristow, formerly Solicitor General, as Mr. | Richardson's successor. ~ NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JUNE 1, 1874.—TRIPLE MINISTER JAY IN VIENHA. THE STORY OF HIS DIFFICULTY. An American Minister and Aus- trian Law. INTERNATIONAL LAW. FRANKPOBT-ON-THE-MAIN, May 4, 1874. The austrian and German papers have given #0 much attention to the interesting diplomatic and legal difficulties which have recently arisen in Vienna between our Minister, the Hon. Jonn Jay, and the Austrian judicial authorities, and so much ill Jeeling and denunciation of our representative has been expressed on this side of the water, that Thave thought it well to get at the facts of the case, which are these :—In November, 1869, Mr. Jay leased trom a certain Mr. Fation a house for the Embassy for a term oi four years, that is, until No- vember, 1873, at the rate of some 12,000 florins per year. Several mouths be/ore the expiration o/ the lease Mr. Jay and the landlord agreed that upon an increase of the rent @ new lease, as an exten- sion of the old one, should be drawn up for one year, Gach party to give one year's notice, Mr. Jay, it appears, then obtained sixty days’ leave of absence from his post for the purpose of visiting the United States, and, as we now know, he is on his way via Engiand tor home. Whether Mr. Jay has the intention of returning to Vienna or not we cannot say; the Vienna journals say our Minister has left the Danube for good, Be this as it may, Mr. Jay heard from a trust- worthy source, which the Vienna journals eay is the person of Mr. Jay’s son-in-law, Baron Schweinitz, that the house in which he resided had been sold over his head, Now the Austrian law says that in such a caseall lease contracts are rendered nall and void, and that six months’ notice can be given or received; and m November, 1873, just as the new lease was commencing, Mr. Jay, taking advantage o! the sale, and in com)lMance with local custom, gave notice to his landlord and to the imperial District Court that at the expira- tion of six months he should consiger himself fully at liberty to leave. By so doing he waived in no way either his privileges or rights a5 a Minister; but the Austrian journals persistin saying that when Mr, Jay made notification to the Imperial Court he thereby acknowledged its jurisdiction, and, having so done, was amenable to the Austrian courts to answer the Case preferred against him by his landlord. But this position ts tenable, for in acting as he did Mr, Jay simply complied with a local custom. He had no alternative but to give notice according to the custom of the country. “The exterritorial person,’ says Bluntschii, “is bound to obey the general police regulations and local customs of the land,” In the month of April, 1874, the landlord took exception to Mr. Jay’s notification to the imperial district court. He argued that he had neither sold the house nor had any intention of so doing. Ac- cording to local custom, whenever a landlord ob- Jecta to the tenant’s notice to leave he notifies the Court, which then calls upon the tenant to give his reasons. In this case the Court proceeded in the usual manner and cited Mr. Jay to appear be- fore 1t, To this summons Mr. Jay, taking the ground of his cotetritorial facilities, very naturally gave no heed. The summons was twice Tepeated, with the same result as be- fore. Then the Grand Marshal’s officials cited him, and finally the summons was forwardea through the hands of the Imperial Ministry of For- eign Affairs. Mr. Jay resorted to his rights and privilege as & Minister, whereupon the citations were discontinued. He claimed that he could only follow the orders of his government, whereupon the Foreign Ofice desisted and ordered the com- mon courts to cease their annoyances. Here the matter rests, Mr. Jay has sailed for the United States, and he takes his personal effects along with him. The Legation has been moved, and the for- mer dwelling is empty. The landlord has received his six months’ rent to May 1, but he still claims that the lease canno§ be broken, and consequently he will sue for the rent from May to November. Most interesting is now the iact that the contract for the new lease, although formally prepared, was by some omission never signed by the contracting parties at all. Whether Mr. Jay knew this fact when he gave notice we cannot surmise. At any rate, from this point of view, Mr. Jay is legally evidently in the right. He has given six months’ notice, paid six months’ rent (at the rate of $12,000 forins a year), and has remained in the dwelling without @ contract, but with the assent ofthe landlord, all of which ts admissible and in accordance with the laws and customs of Vienna, In dealing with the case in question Mr. Jay has evidently been guided by a proper comprehension of his own rights and immunities. The interests and prosperity of every State necessitate from time to time communications with other States, and to facilitate this communication custom has provided that the sovereign of every State shall have the right, dlthough under no obligation to use it, to send public representatives to those countries with which he desires to maintain peace- ful and amicable relations, These representatives may be Ministers of the first, secondor third class. .When departing a credential is given to the Minister which he presents to the gov- ernment to which be is accredited, and 80 soon as he is informed oi his recognition he en- ters upon the discharge of his duties, and frum this moment he represents the dignity and the rights of the sovereign by whom he is delegated, He enjoys certain privileges and honors formally accorded by treaty and by the customs of nations, First, he enjoys the right of inviolability, by virtue oi which the person of the ambassador is consid- ered sacred. Were it not so the negotiations be- tween the Staves could not be catried on unmo- lested and with safety. Second, he enjoys the Tight of exterritoriality, whereby the winister, | although veered within the limits of a foreign country, 18 still considered'as within the territory of the State whose representative he is. He is thereby exempt from. local jurisdiction, which con- sists in his exemption from the civil and criminal courts—that is, nothing can be demanded of a Ttnister whicn would in the least degree hinder him in the discharge of nis duties to his govern- ment. This immunity extends to his family, suite and members o1 the legation, to his dwellings, car- Tiages and personais. otwithstanding these principles laid down by international law, treaties and custom, we find that Mr, Jay was cited by the Austrian civil tri- bunals to appear as defendant in acase, This act | could be excused, perhaps, as regards the lower courts, for undoubtedly they proceeded in utter ignorance ot the rights and privileges of a minis- ter; but the Aostrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs cannot be considered as acting under the same circumstances, because it has preferred to give | precedence over international law to its own com- moy law. Wicquefort says distinctly:—‘The rigtits, the powers, the duties, the privileges of | amoasaadors are determined by the tw of vature and nations, and not by any municipal constitu- | ton.” The Austrian Ministry further appears to entertain the principie, ‘ubdi te invenero, ibi te judicabo,” whereby everybody who comes within the limits of a State is recognized as the subject of that State as regards its jurisdiction, thus unjastly applying the laws of the country to the minister there accredited, disregarding tho 1ights of an exterritorial person” (Rights ot Ent, Amb.) It lorgets the duties woich a State takés upon itseli when it recognizes a minister from & friendly Power:—*Not only not to hinder him in the least in the discharge of his duties to his gov- ernment, but also to protect him from intrusion on the part of her own citizens.” (Biuntschil) Can an ambassador be cited to appear before the | courts of @ country to which he is accredited? Therevy he would lose his independence and se- | curity, Which are absolutely necessary to him in | the discharge of the mstructions trom his govern- | ment. International law tells us, ‘An ambassa- dor can only be considered us amenable to the Civil jurisdiction of the country by which he is del- egated.” Again:—“The courts of country, a3 & Tule, receive no accusations against an exterrito- Tial person’ (Bluntschil), several interesung cases ure recorded. In 1827 the French oivil courts at Havre considered themselves Not competent to summon the President of the Republic of Haytt to answer a claim of debt whicn he had contracted while staying in the city. In 1752, when two servants of the | Swedish Ambassadot at the Court of St. Peters- burg Were turown into prison tor creating a dis- turbance, they were immediately released when the Minister protested, and the Empress Catharine granted full satisiaction to the ‘insulted Minister lor the violation of the rights of exterritoriality, Biuntschlt again says:—"since an ambussador 1s in no way subject to the elvil jurisdiction of the country to which he is accredited he dare not ve | cited to appear, nor can any compulsory process be used against his person or his property.” “It ig agreed that the ambassador must be exempt from all constraint upon his person, his move: | ments and the emvloyment Of bie time.” (Dana's | | Perth Amboy, N. J.; the Lakeside House, Newburg, note to Wheaton, 29), The Romans held the per- son Of @ puoiic minister to be inviolable and en- tirely exempt trom cue juriad ctiun of their tribu- pals. To each minister LEP. the immunity to be tried beiore the tribunals of the country by which ho was delegated. Interesting was the case of mr, Wheaton with the Prussian government, where an article of the civil code entitling the lessor vo a lien on the mov- able property of the lessee was proughs 18 ues tion, To enforce the article the aid of the Court Was necessary. The Prussian goverament sus- tained the landiord, but Mr. Wheaton repiled that he was thus put on alevel with His Prussian Majesty's subjecis, Aiter considerable correspoud- ence between the two governments the question ‘Was dropped. The point i# settled with many that Minister cannot be demanded to appear as wit- Deas iD @ case, because thereby authority over his time is necessitated, In 1856 the Minister o1 the Netherlands Washington was requested (the bt Of reiusal being admitted), but bot demand- ed, to appear as a witness i) the Hervert murder case, but Le decined. The question has been much discussed whether an amvassador may vol- untarily appear before the courts, ‘This point concerns tie minister's sovereign, and his permis- | sion must first be sought. Does he waive his rights and come beiore the courts, he 18 subject to the usual order of procedure (Wheaton, Phillmore), 3g an ambassador insuited, he snould apply to the | Minister of Foreign Affairs ior protectiun. 1t1s nis | duty to extend tt (Biuntschii). In 1666 the effects of the Minister Resident of | King Alphonso V1., of Portugal, were seized for debt and pubiicly sold. In 1668 the Minister unde: took to leave The Hague without aving satisied | his creditors, the latter applied to tue Newwer- | lands government for protec 1on, whereupon tue | Minister Was first detained in @ hotel with a | guard, bat, Lo ycden placed in a common rison, ‘The case resuited im -a decision made in 679 by the Netheriands government, “tuar ume bassadors, ministers, their suits and taumilies, | whether residing in or passing turough the coun- try, Cannot be arre ted or detained for any debts which they may contract.” An interesung cause was the arrest, in the reign oi Queen Anne, 1103, o1 the Russian Ambassador, in London, who was taken {rom his coacu tor 4 debt o: £60, Tue Czar resented the affront aud demanded tie execution of the Sherif and all others concerned in the ar- rest. The Queen replied that sne would indict no punishment on her subjects unless Warranted by | the law Of the land. Nevertheless, an act of Par- | liament was immediately passed by her orders | ireeing foreign mimisters from arrest und the juris. diction of her tripunals, A copy ol this act was engrossed and illuminated, and a minister extra- | ordinary despatched with it 'o St. Petersburg, So the Czar’s wrath was allayed, International taw, therefore, should have taught the Vienna Foreign Office not to insult @ minister by supporting the summons ot its courts, Now, while we must consider the conduct of the | Austrian courts and Foreign Office to atrempt to | interfere at ailin the matter as directly at vari- | ance with international law and custom, it is still &@ question as to how far Mr. Jay bas acted moraity right. Legally, he has the law on bis side, for a paiiaes, and distinct understanding which the | jandiord entered with him on the new lease has no | Value, because the new contract Was never signed, | An eminent Vienna Jamyer has expressed the opinion that, since the written contract, because not signed, is not valid, Mr. Jay hud, conse- atl @ perfect right to give halfa year’s notice instead of a whole year, and that he will succeed | in coming out of the difficulty first best. When Mr. Jay gave notice to the Imperial Dis- trict Court of his determination to leave at the expiration of # six months’ notice, | he did so in the belief that the house nad been sold over his head. The landlord denying this (Mr. Ja: accepted the rumor as true), Mr. Jay’s case woul have been very leaky but jor the fortunate ciroum- stance of the unsigned contract. The impression ponnese in Vienna is, of course, unfavorable to ir. day; yet we cannot bring ourselves to sympa- thize with the landlord. who would do well, in- stead of t Hina over his loss, to relet his Louse instead of allowing it to remain empty. The whole correspondence in the matter has been trans- | mitted to President Grant. it is said that te | Jandiord intends to ask the United States govern- | ment jor satisfaction and justice in the matter. | Mr. Jay sails {rom Liverpool with his family in the second week of May. The Hon. H. Garretson, our olie Communioner ‘at the Vienna £xposition, sas with him. SEASIDE AND COUNTRY. eas Mount Desert, Me., should be taken ine the regular course. Tne Croton Lake Hotel, near Mount Kisco, West- chester, is now open, Mrs, C, B. Hoasack, of this city, has arrived at her Newport residence. ‘The Sound View House, City Island, Westchester county, is @ new resort. The new Suffolk Hotel on Peconic Bay affords a pleasant place for visitors, Tne Seven Springs House, county, N. Y., will open June 13, The Train Mountains are descendants of Mount Washington; you descend by rail. Pequot House, New London, Colonel Crocker pro- Drietor, will open on the 10tn of June, Saybrook has no obsiructions to its prosperity in the way of dams likely to break forth. The grand old elms in the court of the old United States Hotel, Saratoga, are still Nourishing. For the frat ume in ten years New York dailies will be sold at Saratoga this year at five cents per copy. “Sara-Toga is gay and coquettish; nevertheless she entertains Sara-Phims unawares,” says an ex- change. ‘The tamily of Jonn M. Courtney, of No, 2 West Filty-first street, will occupy their country house + at Idlewild, on the Hudson, early in June. Hon, Thomas B. Carroll, of Troy, has offered a donation of valuable books to Saratoga for a } library and picture gallery, but the village has no | building in which to place them, “One of our quasi summer residents, whose fam- ily ‘puts on airs,’ says the Newport News, “not only fails to pay store bills, but leaves the family servants without remuneration.” The Clifford House, head of Plymouth Beach, Mass. (a@ Rew structure, capabie of housing 300 | guests), opens June 15; Mr. J, V. Robbins, late of the Grand Hotel, is the proprietor. As an evidence that the hotel proprietors appre- | clate the benefits of early advertising to fill their | houses, we may state that vhe HERALD of Sun- day, May 17, contained cards of seventy-five houses. The Hatfleld House, Messina Springs, St. Law: ‘ rence county, N. Y., will open this week. This a popular Northern resort, visited by the élite of | Canadian society, owing to its proximity to the St. Lawrence River. A. E, Briggs, of the Grand View Mountain House, .| Catskills, invites sinners and Christians alike to | climb 3,000 feet into the upper air and “see him” | to the tune of $2 per day or $6 per week, It Is | about as near the heavenly bodies as many will ever get. | i i] | i Monroe, Orange West Point cadets are looking forward to the summer'season with anxiety and eagerness readily understood by all save susceptible young ladies, Examination comes in June, then white trousers, then encampment, and last, but by no means least, the weekly hops. 4 Saratoga, Newport, Cape May and Lake Mahopac * have local journais; but with the exception of the Herald at the Lake, a8 well might you attempt to | hatch game chickens from bilitard balls as to find any summer gossip in them otper than what they hatch from these columns, Among the hotels that offer superior accommo- dations are the Irving House, Cambridge, N. Y., now open; the United States at Long Branch, to open Juue 15; the Lake Side House, Newburg, N. Y., now open; the West End Hotel, Fort Wash- ington, and the La Tourette House, Bergen Point, J. M. Herrick and family, of No.6 Eagt Twenty- sixth street, and Mrs. E. M. Block and family, of East Twenty-ninth street, have secured rooms at Thompson’s, Lake Mahopac. General Ferraq, Joshua S. Cooley, Mrs, Augustus Purdy, of No. 359 Lexington avenue, and F, M. Jones, of No. 48 West Twenty-filth street, with their families, will also be found at Thompson’s, | timid tn expressing his views and opinions relative | | sition was altogether anomalous—unprecedented, | lines regardless altogether of the conformation of |"ployed by government as an emigration agent in | the Red River territory, now called Manitoba. In- SHEET. MANITOBA. An Interview with a Member of the Dominion Parliament. The Troubles in the Red River Territory. On Saturday, the Heraup having ascertained that Mr. Cunningham, member of the Yominion Parliament for the county of Marquette, in Mani- toba, was staying at Barnum’s Hotel, a reporter called upon him with a view to obtain some infor- mation respecting the peculiar history of that Province during the past four or five years. The reporter found the honorable gentleman exceed- ingly courteous and commanicative, and not at all to the matter in hand and of the men connected with what he called the “troubles of 1869 and 770,” A condensed account of the conversation between the reporter and the member for Marquette is given below:— KgPoRTER—We have heard from time to time a goud deal about your Provmce of Minitoba, but our tuformation has been somewhat fragmentary. Most of our people fail to appreciate the exact Position which led to the diMiculties which occurrea | between Canada and your Province rome years | ago. Can youex;lain what was the real cause which led to the “trouoles?” Mr. CUNNINGHAM—I can quite conceive the dim- culty you have in appreciating the political posi- tion in the Red River country in 1869, for that po- in fact, and thoroughly in discord with what are | termed tke principles of English constitutional government. REPORTER—How? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—In this way. There were four parties connected with that Red River country. These were England, Canada, the Hudson Bay Company and the people of the country. Now, the first three parties laid their heads together and came to a little arrangement among themselves without recognizing the fourth party—that is, the Ppeopie—at all. The arrangement was that the Hudson Bay Company. were to be paid by Canada the sum of $1,500,000, for what it is rather diMcult to understand, for they owned no property in the country further than the right of trading, which they retain still, exactly as before. Yor this payment the whole Northwest was to be handed over to Canada, and England was to have no more bother with it. But you observe the people of the country were utterly ig- nored in this transaction and you must remember that the people of what is now Manitoba are better educated, wealthier, more intelligent than the people of any Province in the Dominion, and are periectly capable of appreciating the rights that belong to them as British subjects, To put the position a little more plainly—England and Canada, with equal justice, might have come to an arrangement by which Australia or New Zealand or Jamaica, or any other colony, could have been handed over to Canada, without consulting the people of any of these colonies, as they could with Manitoba. It wasa British colony in every sense of the term. It had its Parliament; it could im- pose taxes and did so; it had its various courts of Justice ; it was, in short, a British colony in all its constitution, And England and Canada and the Hudson Bay Company treated it as a chattel REPORTER—Do you mean to say that the people | of that country got no oilicial intimation that first negotiations were procceding and then that these | ‘were completed ? Mr. CuNNINGHAM—Not one word was ever spoken | to the people of the Northwest, either with re- gard to the proceedings or their completion. Neither Governor McTavish, who represented at once the Hudson Bay Company and | Queen Victoria, nor the Council! of Assini- bein, who represented the people, nor the | people themselves, ever had any intimation that confederation with Canada was ever dreamed of, RePoRTER—Well, how did the matter culminate, and what brought about the troubles—I mean what were the direct causes of these troubles! Mr. CUNNINGHAM—These were threefold. First, the Canadian government, long before even the negotiations were completed, sent up an army of surveyors into the Red River Territory, These men, void of all discretion, set to work, ran their the farms <1 the oll settlers, threatened these old settlers when they reasoned with them that | the Canavians would soon drive them out of the | country any way, and that they need not mind how they conducted their surveys, and produced in the | minds of the old settlers a strong feeling of fear of Canadian rule. Then these people, who were in a great measure cut off from any connec- tion with Canada, did not exactly know what idea | to form with respect to confederation. They. as a | people, did not know what laws were to be put in force in their country. They had their own taxa- tion of jour per cent on imports, but they had no knowledge of how far this was to be increased or decreased by confederation; im tact, they, were driven, by want of knowledge, into a corner, and at length they withstood Canadian interference, and refused to have then anything to do with Canada, ReErORTER—How did they show this? Mr. CunNINGHAM—When the Hon. William Mac- | Dougall came to ‘Pembina and wanted to enter the | country as Governor of the Nortnwest—at a time when, as is acknowledged by everybody, he had neither acommission nor had the Canadian gov- ernment a right to grant nim such a thing, and when he issued, on the Ist | of Deceinber, @ proclamation purporting to to bea Queen’s proclamation, but which, in fact, was a forgery, calling upon the people to receive him as their Governor and accept such terms ana | arrangements as might seem proper for tim to | grant them. Then the people said, ‘No; you can’t come in here. We not only won’t acknowledge | you, but we will not even permit you to enter the territory either as Governor or as plain William MacDougall.” And they did not allow him to come in. So he had to return to Ottawa, and is now em- Segndinavia, RPORTER—There occurs to me a question at this point on which I should like to have some in- formation. What position did the old government | take at this erisis? You have mentioned a Gov- | ernor representing the Queen and a Council repre- senting the people of the country. Did they make a move at all when the people refused MacDou- gall entrance into the country? | ‘Mr. CUNNINGHAM—That 1a a very important point, capecially as matters now stand. When MacDou- | gall issued his proclamation as emanating from the Bice on the ist of December, the Governor re- 8] gned his functions; the council was dissolved, | Canada had no legal connection with the country until the 12th of May following, and the question | now is, was there in the interim a de facto govern- ment or was there not. I hold there was. Because the people, atter having told MacDougall to keep away, Set to work to form a government on recog- nized constitutional principles. There were twenty- four of what were called parishes In the section of timation was given each of these parishes to send u represen tatlv in order te form a parlia- ment with a view to te good government of the country. These representatives were sent, a cabi- net was formed by these representatives, what was called & bul of rights was drawn out to be laid before the Canadian Government and acceded to, before the people would It rests largely with the hotel proprietors at the watering places whether they will have crowded houses or not this season, Those who early ad- vertise reasonable rates of board will almost cer- tainly get all the guests they can accommodate, Strange to say many of the landlords forget to mention even the State in which their houses are | located or the means of reaching them. jThe Hygiene Hotel, Old Point Comfort, is now open. The Van Doren House, Washington, N. J., is open, The Websier House, Catskills, is also open. Among the other hotels that offer supe- perior inducements are the Englewood Park Hotel, N. Y.; Jenkinson’s Hotel, Highlands, N. J.; the Woodsburg Pavilion, Rockaway; the Addison House, Middlebury, Vt.; Chamberlin House, Rah- way, N. J,; Canadarago House, Richfeld Springs; Forest Lawn House, Cold Spring Harbor, N. J.; Hamilton House, Green Lake, N. J.; Leighton House, Newman Springs, N. J,; Neptune House, New Rochelle; Pavilion Hotel, Keyport; Standard fouse, White Plains, N. Y.; Southside House, Great South Bay, L. L, and the South Oyster Bay | House, South Oyster Bay, L. b | these delegates were received solely on the ground have anything to do with Canadian connection; ing an official letter from the Secretary of Siete or the new formed government, authorizing them to act on its behalf, This bi of rights was received by the government at Ottawa, considered by them, for the greater part acceded to, and on these grounds:I hold tilat, according to all const- tutional rule, the government was ade facto gov- ment. orRRPoRTER—May I ask why you lay so much stress _ on urging the point of the interim government—if | Imay so name it—veing recognized as a de facto | goverament ? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—Your query is quite a natural — one, especially as you are not intimate with mat. | ters as they now stand. You are aware that the other day Louis Riel, who was President of the in- ‘ terim government, having been elected repre- sentative for the county of Provenchu, one of tire | electoral districts of Manitoba, was expelled the House of Commons of Canada, RePORTER—On what grounds? Mr, CUNNINGHAM—On the ground that he was a “fugitive from justice,” Rerorrer—How was that ? . Mr, CUMMINGHAM—Simply in this way. Riel lived after confederation peaceably in the country for three years without molestation. The Attorney General of the Province, an illiterate lawyer, him- self a iugitive from justice, inasmuch as he canno’ set his foot within the Province of Quabec witnou being arrested, wanted to represent Provenchu in | bein; fhe Dominion Parliament. Riel wanted to sent Provencnu in tie Dominion Parliament A feud arose. 0 course Hiel’s return Was & Cer- is tainty; the Attorney had not the ghost of a of success. In these circumstauess the aoe sued warrants lor the arrest of Kiel on @ chal of mur wore m hundreds of special aE bles, who scoured the country with Clark the Aw torney General, at their nead; broke into eon- vents, ransacked p: es, even went go 1at a6 to invade the cathedral of St. Bontiace, the head juarters of Arcnbishop Tuché, molested women in oir private residences wven their husbands were absen! im search of Louis Kiel, who, I maine tain, was the head of a de. government when the act for which he is now persecuted was com- mitted occurred, ‘i ReroxreR—And they expelled him from the jouse ft ‘Mr. CUNNINGHAM—They did. But he wilt be re- elected, and they may expel him again, and again he will be re-elected. RePORTER—But what is going to be the resuty ? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—It is said on very rehabie authority that the county will be digiranchised if he 18 re-elected once. REPoRTER— What then ? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—Weil, I am nO annexstionist, But, speaking deliverately, and after much careful thought and observation, I have not the slightest hesitation in saying that disiranchisement would be tantamount to annexation. The House of Com- mons oi Canada, in my opinion, in expelling Riel, acted without a single precedent in the constitu- tional history of England, to justify the act; in expeiling him a second time, im my opinion, they will act without precedent again; and should they dare to disiranchise a constituency on account of the man of their choice, they will perpetrate an act which will not only be void of precedent, but for which not a fragment of a constitutional arga- ment can be urged. REPORTER—One Word more with respect to your idea of a defacto government having existed be- tween, I think you said the 1st of December and why do you urge that point? How does it bear on wuyruing in question? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—I¢ bears this way. Having been a de Jacto government, neither the govern- ment o1 the Province of Manitoba nor the govern- Ment oi any p™vince in the Dominion, nor the governmeatol the Dominion itself has anything whatever to go with any parties concerned in the troubles of '63 and ’70. . If any wer has the right to deal with the matter it is the English govern: ment, and J hold that any warrants issued for the arrest o! any parties connected wil Hp these trobbies, unless it be by the authority, tne direct authority of the Engitsh government, are iilegal and can justifiably be resisted, and for this I have the hign- est legal authority.’ Consequently, when Louis Riel was expelled the House of Commons of Can- ada, on the ground that he was a@ tugitive from justice, I mamtain the basis on which the expul- slon Was made had no existence and that the act was illegal. That is to say that Parliament over- stepped its bonnds. Of course the English, accord- ing to a well recognized principle, is omnipotent, 8o to speak, but the Canadian Parliament, being, in fact, nothing more than @ municipal institution, 1ta powers are somewhat more limited, REPORTER—Who 1s this Riel? What ia the of fence with which he is charged? Cannot the whoie matter ve disposed of amicably ? it ts four years now since these difficulties took place, Mr. CUNNINGHAM —Louis Riel is a young French ball-breed, as well educated, as polished, as shrewd, as any young man on the Continent, At the age of twenty-two, when the circumstances to which I have previously referred arose, he came to the front. He defied Canada; he kept out MacDon- gall; he took some fifty or sixty Canadians pris- onere, who, under a scoundrel named Schultz, in defiance of all right or law, raised the Canadian. flag in the country and Jormed themselves into ® Canadian army, setting at defiance the de dap created by the people of the country, _ ‘hese prisoners were alter a time all released. Im- mediately aiter this act of clemency on the part of Riel and his government the same party, in the beginning of March, set to work, organized, armed. themselves, constituted themselves again the army o1 Canada—against tae express orders of the oniy man who had any show of being the representa- tive of that government—marched in battle arr on Fort Garry, where Riel and his government ni their headquarters, and were taken prisoners. One of them named Scott, who scems to have been peculiarly vindictive and violent, and who, while in prison, made use of the most threatening language towards Riel aud the others, was tried by cour’ martial and shot. It was un untortunate act; but, sir, wien lregard the whole im- stances; when I look at Reil, then almost @ boy, | Invested with such powers as he had; when | take into account the pecuitarly irritating material op- posed tonim; the only wonder to me is that he (id not string up the whole crowd of Canadians then inarms, There is nota single case in the history of the world that can be instauced, where @ people went through such @ crisis with leas bloodshed tha what 1s called the Red River rebel- lion of 1869. But still, notwithstanding ali that, the day for vengeance 1s more mtense in Canada to- day than it was three years ago. REPORTER—How 18 that? What underlies all this? It seems to me as if there must be some sec- tional influence at work to sustain this political tension, 4, Mr. CUNNINGHAM—You are perfectly right. There i$ an underlying induence, and an influence which threatens some day to produce serious results for Canada if not met somehow. They may pretend what they please; they mi be- came eloquent over what they the Murder of Scott; but the real question at issue in Canada to-day 18, whether the Orange Lodge is to rule Capada or not. lsee you are taking notes and will probably publish something of what iam saying. but I say it deliberately, and tn my capac. ity representative man, that the whole cry of Riel is a sectional cry, and the excitement kept up relative to our troubles and the action that has’ been taken tn the matter of Riel's expuisicn, have. their sole origin in the Orange lodges of the Do- minion. And unless some wise statesmen comes to the rescue this very question will send con- Se to use @ vulgarism, “higher than a 2. RePORTER—That is your serious opinion? Are you a Catholic? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—That is my serious opinion. I am nota Romar. Catholic, but a Scotcn Presby- | terian. in this matter I have go religious influence warping my judgment. I speak a8 a politician, Rerortsk—What views do the people of your province take of the whole matter as it stands? Mr. OUNNINGHAM—They regard it thia way. They see that in the first instance, through the ‘unscrupulousnesss of some men and the ignor- ance of others, they were in @ measure forced into confederation. SirJoun A. Macdonald and Sir George Cartier wanted something by means of which they might consolidate their positign, and, finding themselves becoming @ little shaky, they resolved to raise the cry of confederation with the Northwest. They raised thecry. They maae the agreement 1 have reierred to with England and the Hndson Bay Company. Tiey plundered, And ndéw the people of Manitoba ‘see tha on account of the plunderings of these people at Ottawa, they are suffering in every way. us Riel is being persecuted ; sectional antmosities are fostered; immigration is being impeded; the development of the Northwest 1s oeing nind- ered, and they have come to discover that Mani- toba, with its history, 18 a mere shuttlecock which is being played with between two opposing political parties. And the play 1s awiully unscrupulous. Just Magine a man in the position of Sir John A. Macdonald, at the geueral election a year ands halt ago. On hig hustings ne deciaimed in the most touching ttrms on the death of Scott, and, shaking his fist in the air and spate Lous Riel, he exclaimed, ‘I wish to God we could catch him. I would hang him.’”” Now what did this same right honorable gentleman—ior he isartght honor- able—do within the year before? He first payed, through a second party, $3,000 to Riel to get out of the way and save trouble. Then, when Sir George was deieated in Montreal, he gave Riel again through the same party $1,000 to get out of the way and resign his candidature in favor of Sir George as representative of Provenchu; and Ty as the head of the Dominion Government, he the audacity aiterwards to exciaim in — assembly—“I wish to God I could catch him,’? Well, the fact.is, the people of Manitoba and the Northwest are getting tired of sucn arrant knavery. They were a primitive people before and they don’t take Kindly to such things, ReporTer—These are facts! I mean about the pan ir, CUNNINGHAM—They are facts which were dis- closed the other day beiore a parliamentary com- mittee on the evidence of Archbishop Tudhé at Ottawa. But | ought to mention that Riel refused to accept the money from the archbishop as com- ing from the Canadian government. He voor it as a loan and holds himself indebted to the Arch. bishop for the amounts, REPORTER—it strikes me you are in a oo muddle stillup there. How is the matter to be set tled? Is it a sine qua non that Riel should be hanged in order to make tht square? Mr. CUNNINGHAM—It looks like that, It seems to me that Canada, while emulating American. progress, overlooks American policy, which devel- ops her progress, If the United states had such & miserable, petty anair to deal with and such an immense territory a8 that of the British North- west to develop bas’! would have dealt with the matter long ago. They would have put ti in such @ shape ‘hat immigration cou nave flowed into that vast prairie region without any fear of internal disturbance; but somehow Canadian politicians tailto appreciate the right way of dealing with ti dues of smail things. By their stupa, in the first place, and their cowardice in the Lac , the Canadian authorities are proving ti ves patent obauruc- tionists, at least so far as regards the settlement and development of the richest, niost extensive and fertile region in the Dominion. At this point Mr. Cunningham, having an en- fagement to attend to, suggested to our reporter hat on another occasion ne might in another in~ terview give some facts touching che nature of country, its climate, its probable commercial coa- nection with America, and something about the old settlers and the new. We may mention that the member for Marquette is a burly Scotchman, and has a natve way oi calling a spade a spade, AN AMUSING STORY. (From the Chicago Post.) ‘The New Yor« Uxeaxp cialws to have had # cor respondent present at Nellie Grant's wedding, and that it was the only newspaper represented - b lew York Commercial says that the ae eae ee tanated for three years in the Ma jouse on that occasion.’ ‘This equals Wear ocene correspondent who’ enlisted in the navy. jor the purpose of getting on the Poiari ¢: | tion, | rine Band for the sole purpose of getting into 7