The New York Herald Newspaper, May 18, 1874, Page 6

NEW YORK HERALD} BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, PROPRIETOR. LONDON OFFICE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD—NO. 46 FLEET STREET. Subscriptions and Advertisements will be received and forwarded on the same terms as in New York. Volume XXXIX.... WALLACK’'S Tae Thirteenth street. —SC por, st SP. M.; M. Mr, Lester Wallack, M Broad\ and Gloves at it P, Jeftreya Lewis B nate bag gy OE streets. VACDEVILLG and NOVELTY ENTERTAINMENT, at 7:6 P.M, ; closes at 10-45 P. a, BOOTH’S THEATRE, Sixth avenue, corner of Twenty-third street -HAMLET, atoP, M.;closesatlv45P.M. Mr. John McCullough. METROPOLITAN THEATRE, No. (8 Broadway.—VARIETY ENTERTAINMENT, at 7:46 P. M. ; closes wt 1030 P. M. Broadwey. See iticaeh seve t.—FUN, at 2 P.M. . corner i street.—| + al . M.; slopes 98 4190 FM JUSTICE, at SY. M.; closes at 1036 P.M. Louis Aldrich. 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May 18, 1874. ‘are that the weather to-day will be partly cloudy. Peace i Arxansas.—The Arkansas bellig- erents are rapidly scattering to their homes, and there is hope that the period of violence inaugurated by Brooks’ attempt to seize the Governorship has reached its term. Brooks’ command had left Little Rock under agreement, and there seems to be a disposition on all sides to put an end to the state of lawlessness which threatened to inaugurate a civil war. Some arrests of suspicious and dangerous characters have been made as a precautionary measure, Dut all danger of a conflict may now be looked onagsatanend. The recognition of Baxter by the President has restored the empire of the law, and Arkansas is once more at peace. A Srrone Governwrent.—As soon as the President spoke, the belligerent factions in Arkansas saw that their strife must cease. He ‘happened to be on the right side and gave a good opinion through his Attorney General for being so, but had he taken another course and firmly commanded peace, there would probably have been no armed resistance. He was on the wrong side in the Louisiana case, yet he compelled peace. When an issue is ‘made the federal government is supreme and powerful enough to overrule State authority. Jackson showed this in the Nullification actof South Carolina, and it was tested, though se- verely and at an enormous cost of life and money, in the late secession war. With all our States rights and local self-government, there is not a stronger central power in the world than that at Washington. Tee Erm Carat Enzancement.—The Chicago Inter-Ocean, referring to the attempt to introduce steam on the Erie Canal, thinks that there must be other improvements ‘if New York desires to retain control of Western transportation and defy Canadian compe- tition. The only way to arrest the diversion of business out of the state with which it is menaced is an enlargement of the locks and the bed of the Erie Canal, creating a capacity to pass canal boats of six hundred tons burden. This will enable New York to compete success- fally with the enlarged Welland Canal, which threatens to tap Western transportation at the lower end of Lake Erie and give the lion’s share of Western grain exports to Montreal and the River St. Lawrence.” Senator Morton’s Ozcan Axarmep.—The Indianapolis Journal has evidently become alarmed at the popularity with which the Proposition to organize the farmers of the West into a new party is being received, and it is more especially concerned about Indiana. It admits that ‘‘the democrats are, of course, anxious for a new deal, and not a few honest republicans seem disposed to think the old party needs chastening.” The grangers are advised to ‘‘control the politics of the country through existing parties,” and those of Indi- ne are assured that “if the farmers nominate @ third ticket the result will be to throw the State into the hands of the democracy.” The convention of grangers, which causes Mr. Morton’s organ so much concern, meets on the 10th prox., and from present appearances it is likely to nominate a third ticket. Quesrtoxmxa Sznaton Scuunz’s Veractry.— The Chicago Inter-Ocean, speaking of the Washington letter to the St. Louis Republican professing to give Senator Schurz’s political position, declares that its egotism is so pro- found, its assumption so great, its malevo- lence so Satanic, its arrogance of tone so sapercilious as to mark it indubitably as the work of Mr. Schurz. Mr. Schurz might have better lett the matter of denial alone. If he did not write the letter he must have inspired it. If he did not directly inspire it he hag generally so inspired the Republican corre- spondent that he is able to “reflect” with great accuracy, By publishing o denial Mr. Schurz has recalled public attention to the extraordinary tone of the manifesto, and many, through a more careful reading, will be led toa firmer conviction of his author- ship, ond to doubt the truth of the card of deaial OF NATIONS, at 1380 P.M and } NEW saponins Reetprocal Trade with Canada, Negotiations for a new reciprocity treaty have been for some time in progress at Wash- ington, and we may safely infer, from Mr. Fish’s permitting the fact to be known, that they have reached ao stage which leaves little doubt of their success, After carefully veil- ing the negotiations so long, he would not have consented to any publicity if they were likely to prove abortive. It seems to have escaped general attention that a considerable portion of the Reciprocity Treaty ratified in 1854 and abrogated in 1866 was revived by the Treaty of Washington in 1871. As it was the main purpose of that treaty to settle the excit- ing Alabama controversy the newspaper dis- cussions at the time were almost solely directed to that topic. In point of fact, quite & portion of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 is copied verbatim into the treaty of 1871, which resuscitated every part of the reciprocity ar- rangement except the free exchange of the raw products of agriculture, The treaty of 1854 conceded reciprocal rights to take and cure fish on the coasts of the British provinces and the United States; the treaty of 1871 grants the same mutual privileges. The treaty of 1854 secured to the United States the free navigation of the St. Lawrence in exchange for free navigation of Lake Michigan by the Canadians; the treaty of 1871 revives that agreement. The treaty of 1854 secured to citizens of the United States the use of the Canadian canals on the same conditions and at the same tolls as were required of the people of the provinces ; the treaty of 1871 contains the same stipulations. By both treaties fish and | fish oil of every kind, the products of either country, are admitted free of duty into the | other. And by both treaties these reciprocal stipulations were to remain in force for ten years, with the right of either party to termi- nate them afterwards by giving formal notice to the other. By the new negotiations now in progress, the remaining feature of the old Re- ciprocity Treaty will probably be revived in an improved form. ‘ The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 was always | popular with the Canadians, as it gave a great impulse to their trade, and it was generally | popular in the United States for the first five years. But in 1859 complaints began to arise, originating chiefly in Buffalo, the largest of our trading towns in close proximity to Can- ada, It was loudly charged that the Provin- cial Parliament was taking advantage of the letter of the treaty to violate its spirit The treaty only provided for the free admission into each country of the products of the farms, forests, mines and fisheries of the other; but it was contended that Canada stripped the arrangement of all fair | claim to reciprocity by so raising her tariff as to exclude American manufactures from her market, These complaints were urged with so rauch pertinacity that, in 1860, President Buchanan appointed Israel T. Hatch o commissioner to investigate the subject and make a report. Mr. Hatch prosecated his inquiries with great zeal and diligence in the principal cities on both sides of the border, and presented a very elaborate collection of facts. Fully admitting the great advantage to both countries of a real reciprocity in trade, he attempted to show that the bad faith of the Canadians had con- verted the treaty into a sham reciprocity, in which all the advantages were on their side. He introduced statistics to show that the amount of revenue which we had relinquished by admitting Canadian products free was six times as great as Canada had relinquished by admitting American products free. He showed that several species of our manu- factures which had found a market in Canada previous to the treaty had been excluded since, by injurious alterations of the Canadian tariff, which had been increased from sixty to one hundred per cent on such articles. He also showed that the Canadian laws hed been changed with a view to prevent the people of the provinces purchasing any kind of foreign goods in the American market as they had been accus- tomed todo. This was accomplished by levy- ing ad valorem duties on the value of goods atthe place of purchase, so that sugar, for | example, bought in New York or Boston, paid a higher duty than if imported into Canada directly from Havana. It was main- tained that such tariff regulations were a | virtual infraction of the treaty, which has been entered into by the United States on an im- plied understanding that the Canadian cus- | toms duties would mot be changed to our | injury and to the destruction of our previous trade in articles which the treaty did not em- brace. The complaints embodied in Mr. Hatch’s report might have had little practical effect | had it not been for the animosities kindled by our civil war. The strong and demonstrative sympathy of the Canadians with the South, the hospitality they accorded to fugitive rebels, permitting their country to bea theatre of plots against the Union, estranged and em- bittered our people. The abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty was as much an act of punishment as of commercial policy. When our difficulty with England was settled by the Treaty of Washington several important stipulations of the Reciprocity Treaty were revived, and Mr. Fish is so well satisfied with the result of the Geneva arbitration, that he will doubtless treat the Canadians in as fair and liberal a spirit as it they had not harbored rebels and protected their intrigues during the war. It is well that the Reci- procity Treaty was abrogated, because the part of it which related to trade was made to operate unequally by the tariff legislation of Canada. It will be the duty of Mr. Fish, in any new treaty he may negotiate, to obtain safeguards on this head. By the natural course of trade, if the Canadians sell in our markets they will also buy in our markets. It must not be left to the discretion of their Parliament to lay such burdens on American commerce as would exclude us from their markets while we give them ours, The best mutual arrangement for the trade of the two countries would be a Zollverein or custom union, like that which has so long existed among the German States. Proba- bly public opinion is not yet ripe for so | enlightened a ‘policy, although Stephen | A. Douglas, for two years previous to his death, spent much time in attempt- |ing to mature a plan for a grand | North American Zollverein, which should in- elude Mexico ag well as Canada. The advan- YORK HERALD, MONDAY, MAY 18, 1874,—TRIPLE United States. The perfect freedom of trade which exists among our States is, next to foreign defence, the chief advantage of the Union, A North American Zollverein would make Mexico and Canada a part of the United States forall purposes of trade and intercourse. ‘The principle of the Zollverein is very simple— the same rate of duties for the members of the union and an equitable division of their net proceeds, Among other reasons why Canada might not desire annexation to the United States is, that she would have to bear her share of our heavy national debt. But there is no such objection to a Zollverein. It would doubtless make the Canadian tariff higher than it is at present, but the Parliament would have full disposal of the increased revenue. It would give the Dominion needed resources for prosecuting its great pubiic works or pay- ing its debt. Mexico would acquire similar advantages by entering into a Zollverein of which the United States and Canada were the other members. If either of the three coun- tries should be at war its commerce could not be seriously interrupted, since it would be carried on through the ports of the others. Inland custom houses and frontier smuggling would be abolished, and a powerful impulse given to trade and internal development with- out in any degree impairing the political in- dependence of the several parties, But it is premature to expect such an arrangement 80 long as Canada remains a political depen- dency of Great Britain. France and the Crisis. The crisis in France continues. Marshal MacMahon has made an appeal to the repub- lican and conservative monarchical elements by appointing M. Goulard to be Primo Minister. This news is not official, but it comes from good authority. In the proposed new Cabinet we observe that M. Magne retains the head of the treasury. This is a compli- ment to the unusual ability which that Minis- ter has shown in the management of aflairs, for he is» Bonapartist and can have no sym- pathy with the present government. The new Cabinet means that Marshal MacMahon will lean upon the conservative sectious of the Assembly, and avoid all affiliation with the extreme monarchists or the extreme repub- licans. The overthrow of De Broglie seems to have been a legitimist plan to compel the return of the King. In this unpatriotic and unsuccessful work the royalists were aided by the Bonapartists, who would vote for anarchy to restore the Empire The legitimists and their allies now threaten that unless MacMahon will permit the return of the King they will unite with the republicans and dissolve the Assem- bly. This would be an interesting solution of the crisis, MacMahon’s policy is most as- suredly to dissolve the Assembly, proclaim the Republic and appeal to the country for the confirmation of his powers. This confirma- tion would be voted, he would have the coun- try with him and in founding the Republic become the Washington of France. Senator Brownlow’s Recantation. Senator William G. Brownlow, of Tennessee, is evidently coming around to the frame of mind in which he was before the war, when he lectured in the Northern States on the divine character of slavery. It seems that a convention of colored men held in Nashville took occasion to criticise the Senator for his lukewarm course in Congress. The Senator replies in an elaborate letter, marked with his peculiar, homely style, in which he treats the Convention as ‘‘misguided men,’’ incited by “unprincipled demagogues.” He sums up his recordas a friend of the Union and a friend of the negro, and especially when, as Gover- nor, ‘‘anawed by personal threats and the frowns of life-long supporters,’’ he demanded for the negro equal rights with the white man. Although he thus aided the negroes, he owed. them nothing, and he owes his election to the various offices he has held to ‘the votes of the loyal white men of the State and the disfran- chisement of those who participated in the re- bellion.” At the same time he will not sup- port the Civil Rights bill or any measure that provides for the ‘‘coeducation of the two races.” Rather than do this he would “see every political organization in the land ‘go the way of Ward's ducks,’ and every politician buried without hope of resurrection.” If this bill is passed the whole school fabric in ‘Tennessee will tall to the ground, This is plain and bold language from a Senator who has always been among the most radical of the republicans. At the same time his declaration against the Civil Rights bill is virtually a recantation of his belief in the republican party. He sees, no doubt, that he bas gone far enough in his acceptance of the extreme views of the republicans. The issue he makes is not a practical one, No civil rights bill can secure the coeducation of the races in any State, unless the ‘races’ themselves prefer to study their grammars to- gether. The whole issue is thoroughly a sen- timental one. It isa pretext, not a serious principle of political divergence. Heretofore the radical Senators from the South have abandoned - everything .to please the negro. Now they find that there is another influence to be conciliated. Mr. Brownlow, in taking this step, only justifies our estimate of him as a man of unusual shrewdness, who knew when to support slavery and when to oppose it; who knows when the negro influence is usefifl and when it ceases to have any value. His declaration of opinions is one of the most significant events in the now ripening canvass for the Presidency. : ‘Tae Asenican Carprwat.—The pilgrims who sailed on Saturday laden with gifts to lay at the feet of the Holy Father and to renew their faith at the sacred shrines, will remind His Holiness of the fidelity and piety of his flock in America. ‘These men and women do not travel by land through countries ripe and inviting with the vine, the olive and the myr- tle, but over raging seas for thousands of miles. Surely a Church that can send forth such devoted members is worthy of an honor that has never yet been conferred upon an American prelate—that of cardinal, America has never had cardinal. Now it would seem to the worldly mind thatif this office is of any use at all in the Church it should be created in America. Not many years ago this present Pontiff made the young cousin of the Emperor Napoleon a cardinal— a young priest in his fortieth year, with no claim to the rank but his imperial blood. We do not venture to question a judgment | tages would be almost as great as the political annexation of Canada and Moxico to the that is held to be infallible in eccicsiastical matters, but it certainly seems that there has been an oversight in awarding this dignity. Wo trust the pilgrims will bring it to the attention of His Holiness, and that when they return they will carry the red hat for some of our venerable and virtuous prelates. The Disaster in Massachusetts, The further details we print this morning in reference to the disaster in Massachusetts only confirm the sad fears we expressed yes- terday. The number of deaths! may reach to two hundred, and our correspondent in- forms us that if the bursting of the reser- voir had taken place at an earlier hour in the day, when the people were at home and in bed, six or seven thou- sand would have perished. The flood was irresistible. The valley along which it ran had been musical with industry. It was filled with farms, manufactories, dwellings—a happy, prosperous, industrious people. Now all is ruin, and worse than ruin—despair, for in this wild waste of waters lie im- mersed the hopes and the fortunes of hundreds, who saw in an instant the dear ones they loved and the accumu- lations of a life time hurriedly swept away. ‘The narrative is one of the most painful that we have read for along time. Wherever the flood found its way it carried ruin and death, and one of the most beautiful and thriving valleys in New England is now as much of a desert as Sahara. The thought of all this loss and suffering is only intensified when we see that it might have been avoided, We can only attribute the bursting of this reservoir to the criminal neglect and cupidity of the company which owned it. For a long time its danger has been notorious, Its walls were never strong enough to confine the waters. They were honeycombed with decay. Workmen had noticed the water ebbing through the interstices of the walls for some timo. . But rather than take the pre- caution of repairing the walls and making the work secure, rather than incur the extra expense and trouble thus involved, the reser- voir was permitted to fall into decay and in time to bring measureless and irretrievable calamities upon a whole community. The lesson this teaches us is one that we should all lay to heart. The owners of this work are more criminal and more worthy of the Penitentiary than two-thirds of the thieves Recorder Hackett sends to Sing Sing. If there is any law in Massachusetts for their punishment, we shall bless the State because of that law and pray for its speedy enforcement. But at the same time this spirit of cupidity and heedlessness is everywhere manifest. We saw it in burning Chicago—we see it in the fate of loosely built vsssels, in the falling of hastily finished houses, We must learn to do honest work in all things we do, honest in form and spirit before we feel that disasters like this in Massachusetts can be avoided. At the same time we should remember the sudden ruin which has fallen upon so many families and hurry to aid them. New York has so large an interest in these manufac- turing districts and is so much dependent for her business prosperity upon the industry and skill of those who dwell there that our merchants should hasten to relieve them. A handsome contribution from this city would be a grateful snd proper act, and we com- mend it as a duty to our humane and public spirited citizens. The Sermons Yesterday. The sermons yesterday in the churches felt the influence of the season and were full of freshness and vigor. The Rev. O. B. Froth- ingham selected as his subject ‘‘The Religion of the Soul,’’ and argued that while the re- ligion of the heart represented feelng the religion of the soul represented aspiration, and was the foundation of faith. Dr. Deems preached on ‘Parental Duties,” declaring that children were the gift of God and a blessing, and that child- hood brought many sweets into the world. The family, he considered, represented heaven, and was not complete without chil- dren. Dr. Deems thinks that no man should receive any great trust or honor until he had been a father, and denounced in round terms the modern artificial selfish desire to be childless. Dr. Wild, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, took as his text, ‘The spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit that we are the children of God,” and argued that man was created perfect, and competent of self-rule in harmony with divine requirements. Mr. Beecher preached a bril- liant and exhaustive sermon on the ‘Suprem- acy of the Unseen and the True Life which is to come.” St. Paul declared that all sen- sual knowledge perishes, and that it is only that which is higher than the senses— the invisible—which is real and permanent. If our present state of being is only one step in an unfolding series; if the radical exception of human life in this world is the auxiliary to another and coming life, then we begin to have a solution of all difficulties. Bishop Cheney occupied himself with the differences between the Protestant and Reformed Episco- pal churches, and closed by saying that “creeds and altars and priests are nothing ; Jesus only must be all and in all” The churches of all denominations were well attended. A Nove Ramwar Surr or Five Hoxpaxp Trovsany Dor.ans.—In 1866 a sleepy travel- ler on the East Tennessee and Georgia Rail- road was carried by his point of debarkation, owing to the station not being called. He was a member of the Legislature and intro- duced a bill, where it is provided that con- ductors of passenger trains shall call out at each station, in a loud voice, its name and the length of time the train isto stop. For each failure to do so the road must pay a penalty of one hundred dollars, His declarations are printed and consist of two thousand five hun- dred counts, the aggregate of penalty amount- ing to two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. This is the amount claimed for failure to call the names of the stations and two hundred and fifty thousand dollars more is claimed for the failure to call the stopping time, making in all half a million dollars. The law is very distinct, and it is not easy to see how the road can escape the penalty. The law provides that half of the penalty shall go to the com- plainant. Tur War on Raruroap Monorony in Wis- consin proceeds, The Milwaukee and St. Paul and the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad SHEET. companies not having complied with the inw limiting charges, the Attorney General of the State has applied to the Supreme Court for leave to bring an action to vacate the charters of these companies, and leave was granted. It remains to be seen whether these wealthy corporations are more poweriul than the lews. War Clouds in Europe. We print elsewhere the text of the speech of Lord Russell in the House of Commons, to which reference was made in a recent cable despatch, together with the reply of Lord Derby. It will be seen that Lord Russell has no confi- dence in the existence of peace in Europe, and is anxious to know what has been done to preserve the honor of England in the event of renewed war. According to Lord Russell, on one side are Germany with a standing army of fifty years’ tenure, on the other side France, ‘the whole of the French army, from the highest marshal down to the lowest ensign, determined to have their revenge.’ The only way to prevent this war is for England to enter into a strong alliance with the other Powers to preserve peace. He deprecated a renewal of the contest as the source of assured misfor- tunes to English civilization. Lord Derby made a temperate and guarded response, He recognized the existence of agitation in Europe, but whether it was ‘‘only the swell lett by storms that have passed, or whether we areto regard it as an indication of new storms that are about to rage,” he could not say. At the same time he could not deny that ‘im the present appearances there may be grounds for misapprehension and anxiety.”’ He recognized that the burning question was open between Germany and France, but trusted time would allay it, Atthe present moment he saw no serious cause for apprehending danger to European peace, England would do all in her power to keep the peace. This grave debate is supplemented by some important statements in the Times’ Paris cor- respondence in reference to the relations be- tween France and Italy. It seems, according to this correspondent, that on the occasion of the visit of the King of Italy to Berlin Bis- marck told him he had underestimated the financial resources of France, but overesti- mated her military power. He thinks it was a mistake, therefore, not 1o have overrun the whole of France, as far south as Toulon and Bayonne, so as to show the people the power of Germany. As it was, only a part of the country felt the war, and the southern prov- inces, which were unharmed, now cried for revenge. Another mistake he made was in not compelling France to pay ten milliards, so as to financially cripple her for years. As it was, France had paid her indemnity, and was already richer than Germany, which had spent the money she had exacted from her foe. As it was, all that Germany bad won was some money, which she had used up ; two provinces, which had writhed under her dominion, and a gteat quantity of moonshine called military glory. The conviction in Berlin was that the first difficulty in which Germany engaged would be the signal for an assault by France, Moltke had declared that one of the blessings of the peace was the fifty years’ army, and Bismarck naturally began to feel that it would be well to renew the war and complete the overthrow of France. At the same time, glorious as the war had been, Germany wished no more, The campaign in France had en- tailed immense misery on the victors, and there was no alacrity in the German mind for anew war. What, therefore, he would sug- gest to the Italian Kiug was to set on foot an agitation in favor of the recovery of Nice and Savoy. This could easily be fanned into a flame—into a war; and in that war how could Germany refuse to takea part? The result would be another humiliation for France, the restoration of Nice and Savoy to Italy and the completion of the work which had been 80 imperfectly done after Sedan. It seems natural and logical that Bis- marck would aim to renew the war. LEvi- dently France has disappointed the astute statesmanship of the German Chancellor. He meant to destroy France, but she had a deep inner life which the sword could not reach. Lord Russell's idea is to give Bismarck the additional aid of an alliance with England. His recent correspondence with the German Emperor shows his relations with that Power. ‘We know also that he is a fanatic on religious questions, and in some way asso- ciates German success with the downfall of the Roman Catholic religion. opinion Lord Russell does not represent the views of England or of the civilized world, hero was a time, in his own experience as a statesman, when it seemed necessary to form a Holy Alliance for the pur- pose of keeping France in check. But this was the France of Napoleon the Great, and nct the poor, whipped, debt-burdened, dismem- bered Republic, which lives a convulsive life, passing from one crisis to another. The world sees also that France was punished as no nation had ever been punished in history ; that she submitted with patience to feartul exactions ; that foreign war was followed by domestic insurrection of the most sanguinary nature; that since the war she has done all in her power to keep the peace ; that she has submitted to humiliations, and does now from day to day, to menaces from Bismarck, warn- ings from the German’ press, interference in her Jocal affairs, which no Power in Europe— not even Greece or Belgium—would permit, She has no ally in Europe. She is alone in her sorrow and her misfortune. Why, then, make an alliance against her, and in defence of # Power which has the first military posi- tion in the world ? ‘There is no answering this reasoning. But at the same time the situation is serious for Germany, and only because of her own states- men. Prince Bismarck is to blame for the agitations now pervading Europe, It was in his power to have made a lasting peace with France, but ambition and cupidity overruled his judgment. He began the war by fighting Napoleon. He ended it in the beliet that he had destroyed France. We all remember the haughty and brutal frankness of his public declarations, that he meant to crush France so completely that she would not fight for a half century, his scornful averment that there would be no genuine peace, his belief that in taking Alsace and Lorraine he bad put France in bonds. If he made a mistake in these cal- culations he, and he alone, is to blame. He sees that France is not dead. He secs her people silently arming themselves with wealth and power. He knows perfectly well that when the time comes France will dispute the But in this | mastery now held ,in Alsace and Lorraine He knows, no one betu" that on this questiox France is 9 unit, and, mo"? than all, that the public opinion of civilization is with France, ‘When the war began publio optnion was with Germany. So it remained until after Sedan, The course which Germany then pursued, the furious, implacable, brutal policy of repres- sion, confiscation and conquest alienated the good opinion of men from her cause; and if war broke out to-morrow the world would say that France was justified and pray for the success of her arms. pir Phonic Coast Signals. Not long aince Professor Tyndall, in behalf of his government, conducted » series of acoustic experiments in British waters to test the transmissibility of fog signals, He am nounced more recently some important con clusions to which his investigations had led him, and these results have heen widely quoted as showing the unreliability of the sound signals employed at modern light houses and coastguard stations. The expla- nation given was that the intervention of ine visible vapor, especially on clear, hot days, rendered the air acoustically opaque, the vapor acting as a screen or wall to arrest or divert the sound-wave. Professor Reynolds, of Manchester, has given a practical and useful refutation to this hasty theory by experiments, which show that the sound-waves are otherwise reflected and which suggest how the phonic coast signals may be rendered more avail able for fog warnings. Professor Reynolds’ experiments show that the sounds are not lost even when proceeding sgainst the wind, but are lifted up off the ground. The effect of wind and rough surfaces in lifting sounds accounts for the capricious variations in the intensity with which they are audible at differ. ent times, and it gives the reason why instine- tively we elevate church bells and platforms when the sounds are to be heard at great dis- tances. This experimental research also proves that sounds are lifted upward in the air in proportion as the upward diminution of tem- perature increases, . The acoustic rays diverge toward the clouds in curves, varying in their sharpness as the sky is clear or cloudy, the re- fraction being twice as great on bright, hot days ag in cool, cloudy weather. These conclusions are corroborated by the balloon experiments of Glaisher, Flammarion and others, who at very high points distinctly heard the whistle of the locomotive miles below, showing that the sound-wave was not broken up or transmitted horizontally, but vertically. Atan elevation of ten thousand feet over Wolverhampton Glaisher heard the dis- charge of a gun, and the same sound twenty thousand feet above Birmingham ; while alse he mentions hearing the barking of a dog ata vertical distance of two miles. The audibility of the steam siren and fog horn, employed by the Lighthouse Board, is of vital importance to the seaman on our long Atlantic coast and on the lakes, where the seashore is so often shrouded in fog and mist. The able and thorough paper of Pro- fessor Reynolds in bringing to light the real philosophy of the atrial rofraction of sound suggests the means of making the fog signals reliable, It is only necessary to elevate the source of the sound, or the sound receiver, or both, above the ground to insure its trans- mission. A vertical difference of thirty feet makes the sound goat leasta quarter of mile further, and this increase on a foggy coast would suffice to save a steamship run- ning at full speed on the rocks. The distance to which the warning is’ conveyed acrogs the waters would be doubled if the lookout on the ship were stationed in the rigging. Our lighthouse authorities and scientists would do well to prosecute such researches and avail themselves of the practical benefits they afford. PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE. Baron Doblhoff, of Vienna, is residing at the Hoffman House. Ex-Mayor R, M, Bishop, of Cincinnati, is staying at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Senator P. W. Hitchcock, of Nebraska, is segis- tered at the Windsor fiotel. Ex-Licutenant Governor A. B. Gardner, of Ver- mont, 18 staying at the St. Denis Hotei. Postmaster George J. Firman, of Philadelphia, hag arrived at the Grand Central Hotel. Congressinan Benjamin W. Harris, of Massache- setts, has apartments at the Windsor Hotel. Sefior Don Emiiio Benard, Minister for Nicaragua at Washington, yesierday arrived at the Clarendon Hotel. Ex-Mayor Frank McCoppin, of San Francisco, is among the recent arrivals at the Sturtevant House. . According to @ correspondent of the Chicago Inter-Ocean, George Fruits, of Alamo, Ind., is Lit years old, has voted 125 times and has 100 grand and great grand children, He has certainly obeyed the Scriptural injunction “Bring forth, therefore, fruits, meats for repentenae,”” &v, Marshal MacMahon has presented a fine vase of Sévres porcelain to the King of Holland, as a recognition of the twenty-fifth anniversary of that sovereignu’s accession to his throne, The Marshal is having two like vases made—one for the King of Portugal and the other, it is rumored, for the Duke of Edinburgh. During the war a Mr. Patlum, of Monroe, Mich, was confined and beaten in Libby Prison by @ rebet officer named Cady. He has ever since nursed the insult, and last week, meeting Cady in Monroe, he settled the little difference by pammelling him grandly. Pallum’s friends paid the $25 fine im. poséd, and now bis hogzor shines lke @ new tin pan on a gate post. BAVAL INTELLIGENCE, The United States Ship Worcester Of Hava A elegram from Havana under date of May 17 ag follows:—The United States stip Wor. rere arrived here this moruing and sailed in the evening. A BULOGY ON SUMNER, Boston, May 17, 1874. Dr, Willlam Wells Brown, a colored orator of this city, delivered an interesting eulogy on Cnaries Sumner to arsther smali audience, in the Musie i here tis evening. William Lioyd Garrisom Patniaed, and introduced Mr. Brown in # suort speech. AID FOR DEAF MUTES, Bostox, May 17, 1874 It is proposed to organize an association in Boe ton to aid the deaf mutes of Massachusetts in learn- ing trades, witha view to becoming se!fsupport- ing, and to assist them in obtaining collegiate education at the National Deaf Mute College im Washington, &c. A memorial will be presented te the Legislature for an act empowering Messra. Francis Brooks, James Sturgis, Henry Saltonstail and Professor W. A. Graham to hoid reat estate and personal property to tue value of $100,000 for the lurtherunce of the above object. “FOUND DEAD, Kuxoston, N, You May 1%, 3874 Alexander Lutz Was iound dead at the house of his son-in-law to-day, An inguest was held and & Verdict rendered that death was caused by ape lex, GuDerinauced LY exceeAlVe AriNKUBe,