The New York Herald Newspaper, January 18, 1874, Page 3

ar TES SLE‘GH BELLS Hovw They Jinglead on the Read Yesterday. A DAY ON RUNNERS. The Celebrities of Horseflesh and Their Satellites. BUFFALO ROBES, FURS AND WRAPS, The Elite of the Metropolis in the Park. A wore detightful day than yesterday for sleigh- ting could scarcely be imagined. There was just ‘that requisite degree of sharpness, that bracing feelmg in the air tat sets the blood in motion without chilling the limbs and makes the ears Jlngle without reddening the nose, and all New York seemed to be on runners and in high giee. ‘The sun was more genial than Jack Frost gen- erally allows him to be, and the white carpet of ‘the read was unexceptionable, Beneath the flying feet of the racers—and equine blood was more than usually exhilarant—were tossed the glittering, par- ticies, a very Plute des Perles, and the bells rang ‘out merrily, mingling with the music of laughing voices and the pit-a-pat of coursers’ feet on the Bard surface of the road. ON FIFTH AVENUE, from early forenoon until naught was left to show ‘the way but the flicker of the street lamps, the throng of sleighs was dense, and although there ‘Was little room to spare good humor was in the ascendant. Now and then the head of an inquisi- tive steed poked into a tidy little cutter, fright ened the lady who was nestling close to her young Ian, and again the rasping of the ranners over the rails of the atreet cars created a flutter in the aforesaid feminine mind, Street gamins at times Induiged in the luxury of snowballing, a very rep- rebensible custom, as a shot delivered square be- tween the eyes interferes seriously with the steers- Man of a sleigh and causes him and the vehicle to luff unwarrantably. A point or two out of a sleigh’s course may bring around a collision, anda “spill” in the avenue is not destrable, IN THE PARK, ence clear of the entangling alliances of city travel, the scene was enjoyable. The “boys in Gray” that watch over the inverests of the garden ofthe metropolis stood as sentinels at diferent Points and looked blue, with the exception of the Fuby on the tip of the nose. Mounted police dotted the road, but were very harmless. In fact, they seemed to think that they should be at home in- stead of endeavoring to regulate the speed.of un- tamed nags. The lake looked prettier than ever an its frozen raiment, and groups of inquiring boys, skates under arm, were assembled on the banks. Past the Croton reservoir, with its granite walls glistening with frost, down the hill beyond Mou H St. Vincent, where the glorious panorama ot t. ” upper portion of Manhattan Island, ali tee asperities softened down in its snowy garment” was spread before the view, and, abreast wii. balf @ dozen cuttters and family sicighs, the glittering ine emerged ON THE BOULEVARD, Many a prayer went up to the patron gaint of this magnificent drive, St. Nicholas, when the un- broken sheet of snow stretching ou: to Breakneck hill met the view. The horses enjoyed it as much as those behind them, and they tossed their heads, eniffed the braving alr and occasionally tung a aeelial of snow into the driver's eyes, quenching eis cigar and demoralizing his mustache. The stolidity of an Eighth avenue car driver as he @rove steadily on across the Boulevard, heediess whether he crushed dainty cutters in his path or Bot, Was a feature not pleasany to meet with. Neither were the returning sleighs at Breakneck bill, gome of which came down like an express train, and cansed the timid ones to hug tne side- ‘walks closely. EQUINE CELEBRITIES. A granu view of the pieasure seekers in their stylish turnouts was had at the outlet of the Park at 110th street, as sleighs o1 all styles poured out there on the grand avenue beyond, the St. Nicho- Jas, however, being chosen by the majority of ihe drivers, a8 this seemed to have the best quality of Snow ior speeding. Among the nundreds—we might say thousands—of good horses that passed but of the Park we took note of A FEW OF THE FASTEST, Commodore Vanderbilt was driving Mountain Maid and Harry Harley, Frank Work lis bay bald faced Kentucky gelding; William Vanderbilt, Lad Emma and an Ethan Allen gelding; Mr. Kil- a, @ brown Hambietonian mare, very fast; illiam Turabull, @ chestnut and bay team; Dr. Corry, a sorrel gelding; Lou Pettee, a chestnut gelding; J. H. Phillips, bay gelding, Ed. White; W. Shaw's fray mare Ledy ol the Lake; Joseph Shaw, @ beautiful mare, sired by Hunter; Edward Kear- ney, brown colt Dick Tweed, who can trot close to 2:30; Mr. Weaver, Belle of Toronio; Mr. Flanagan, at dierent times, George, Vulcan and Senator Mitchell, the trio being able to trot low in the thirties to steighs; J. Flagiey was driving Castie Boy; Thomas O’Connor the gray gelding Dawn and bay gelding Ned, both good ones; Thomas Johnson his Billy Denton colt, a real good one. Ben. Mace was up and down St. Nich- vlas avenue several! times with Plimpton, Clara G., Allen and Carroll, the latter, when George Lorillard owned him, known as Century, John D. Brown Was out with a good pair of bay mares, Nell and Peg, the iormer by Hambietonian, and the latter by Happy Meaium. ‘This is a grand team. John Feeks was driving the chestnut gelding Major Lambert. Celi i. wetayecn. drove the white gelding Crown Prince, and then black mare Sweetmeat and Hampletonian colt Jo, Bennett, the latter half brother of Miss Miller. 4.Q, Laws was behind his fine team chestnut mare rie and gray gelding Jim Tracy. ‘Tuis is & very stylisn team and can trot in 2:40, Amos Littell drove black mare Peggy; Mark Littell, a Hambletonian mare; Mr. Enos, his team of chestnut mares; Robert Brown, the steel gray Gelding Little Oliver; William Ollie a fast sorrel ding; N. Olliffe, a black mare; James K, Polk, a y Hambletonian gelding; James Galway the iast. sorrel gelding Prince of Wales; Mr. Lawrence, his stylish and fast roan and black team; Mr. Meeker, @ last bay team; Mr. Moulton, a pair of very hand- some Middletown mares, Henry McGowan showed off the bay horse James HB. Coleman anda bay colt together. ‘They were quite fast. Dan Mace drove the rattlers, Shot and Farragut, singly during the afternoon; Edward Wilkins bis ee bi . gelding, eee 18 Melia! at an ; Mr. Goodwin the biack gelding Win- field, who has record of 2:34, ae Robert J. Anderson drove his celebrated black team, Lady Knox and mate. These horses are very showy, and can show a 2:30 clip, H. Casey, a Ham- bietonian mare; W. H. Gray his sorrel horse, who can trot in ; A. H. Klhott, chestnut gelding Weazel, a fast trotter: W. Erricks, chestnut geld- ing Temple of Fashion, a very good one. ‘iiiam Lovell was behind the favorite bay mare Lady Lovell, who isa rattler to either wagon or pleigh. Wallace was driving nis splendid team, Triumph and Heatherbloom. This team was before the lineet and most beautiful light cutter that was out yesterday, and hey trotted up st. Nicholas avenue at a 2:30 galt, 0. H. Havemeyer drove bay Mare Rosa and gray gelding Frank; Mr, Burns bis gray mare; Mr. Nash, mare Snowball. Kobert Bonner drove the bay beauty Pocahontas, the lightning youny stallion Startie and the won- derful bay gelding Joe Elliott. L, J. Phillips was vebind his very stylish brown team of Hambletonian mares, Selle and Kitty, whose great speed and perfect gait are astonishing. This team is a great favorite on the read and are much admired by all who have seen them at full cy Henry Smith drove his fast bay horse; N. H. Leadbeater his favorite team. Buffalo and mate; Wiluam B.Harbeck his capital road mare Saratoga; Jokn H. Harbeck, Jr,, a very handsome and ver; fast brown mare, aud one that ts very pare gatted; oh R, Phyfe his’ favorite Glendale, then lis tast ut gelding General Tweed, and alterwards gh he cota the pretty bay mare Lucca—all James W. Gillies was behind his favorite roxd team. which is very fust and handsome; Harry Hamilton, a very fast bay gelding; W. H. ftump- by aoe his many fast ones; Dan Walton, Nellie Walton and mate; W. H. Milleman, his very fast and splendid driving chestnut gelding Silver Tali, bt he be WO 2:30, le ite drove @ chestnat iding; Jimm: Woods, a brown gelding; General Sunnats, a ray geicing cob Oakley, a chestnut geiding ; George rillard, @ bay and gray team; Mr. Eisner, a brown gelding, and Charles Carman, India Kubber Samuel Truesdell drove his bay colt; 8, Licb- tenstein, a pair Oo! sorrels; Mr. Gervail sorrel mare; Mr. Morris, a Jast mare; Henry Smith, pair of sorre) Peisings . Buckingham, a Jast mare; Mr. J, H. Smith, @ gray and bay team; Ey Pere, a bay welding; MF Pettus "4 ‘Csuc mare Eg @ brown gelding; Captain iis, & ‘oa tay team ; Williatt 1 Dema- rest, * bay mare, very stylish; Charles Shaw, bay wel ding Actor; Mr. Vani @ blac! Jo Townley, Abd/,tlan colt Rati Jack; James ‘noids, his Ha moletonian colt; bred, Reynolds, a@ bay and a on, team; Mr, Hurst, a bay horse; A. P. Smith, a/tive-year-old chestnut colt, and Mr. Leech, a gray’ ana bay team. Hundreds ©f other fast horses were on the ave- pues, dashing up and down, but from the manner thas their drivers were hooded it was impossible to recognize either them or their closely clipped horses. HOMEWARD BOUND on runners if no less perilous than an Atlantic trip }, during the equinoxes, The fingers will chill, even under the lined gloves, and proper allowance for room will not be made. Here comes a sorrel team, the owner of which bas evidently taken his bear- ings independent of all others, and as be grazes your Gutter the feeling 1s one of trepidation first and thankful relief rwards. But the worst part of the tripis when the twinkling lights of the avenue are on each the mettied courser's sa0es (not sufficiently ned) begin to de- seribe erratic circles on tI jooth suriace and it requires a firm band and a quick eye to navigate the course home. The unanimous verdict of the world on runners yesteruay was that the cler& ef the weather was a first rate fellow to give thema clear day, a bright sun and plenty of snow ender foot to make slegh- ing as pleasant as possible, LITERATURE. LATEST ENGLISH BO@KS AND. LONDON LITERARY GOBSIP. auton Jie ues Lonpon, Dec. 30, 1873, Among the traditional good cheer which Christmas brings is an enormous number of books, not merely Christmas books and magazines, properly so-calied, and which are becoming year by year more glaring in their art and less readable im their literature, but publications in all the various ranks of letters. It would be impossible to enumerate the mere titles of the Christmas num- bers and of the children’s books, which are re- markably beautiful this year, while the gift books produced by the most eminent publishing firms are, generally speaking, of etartling literary as well as artistic value. Among Christmas numbers two only are at all remarkable, One is “The Blue Chamber,” hy which AU the Year Round keeps up its old established fame for holiday fiction. The framework of thts annual selection of stories is very cleverly contrived, and the stories are all good; some of them are admirable, for instance, “Dare Devil Hans” and ‘“ima’s Revenge.” As the fictions are all of @ stern and dramatic type, the cheery briskness, the easy, social tone of the narration which brings them together by a@ sufficiently quaint conceit is particulary welcome, The famous satire of last year, which, under the title of ‘The Coming K- .” formed Becton’s Christmas annual, and tempted its loyal subject and victim into the mily and useless ex- penditure and exposure of buying 1t up, is now followed by a satire as elaborate and as severe, called “The Siliad.” This production is remarka- bly clever; and if it be—as it undeniably is—ruth- lessly savage, its severity is not ill applied, for it certainly lashes some of the worst and most fa- grant vices of society with right good will, and applies the whip in the right place. There is an approach to an amende im the concluding “Book,” im which Villtromache lectures Guetphos because he does not more closely resemble the late igmented Albor, whose spirit bas just been remon- strating with his perennially mourning widow, and assuring her that he gets chaffed by the mcre convivial ghosts because she will not leave off be- moaning him. Guelphos makes out, on the whole, rather a good case for himself; at least he clears himself irom, the charge of bypocrisy and cant which a “Stuad’? wages against many other and more important personages, The Belgravian an- nua is very indifferent, London Socicty beneath contempt, 7ihsley’s, written by Ed. Farjeon, and called “Golden Grain,” very good indeed of its kind, which is, however, @ complete departure from the original purpose and. programme of the periodical. A secowt odition of this month's Fraser bas been cayied for in consequence of the interest excited by Mr. Hayward’s remarkably clever article on J. S. Mill’s autobiography. An “edition” of Fraser nowadays, however, probably meuns 500 copics. Among the iilustrated works which merit special notice are a translation of Humbert’s “Japon Dlustré,” by Mrs. Cashel Hoey, ‘The ilustrations are most curious and beautiful, and the design for the cover is a triumph of adap- tation, A very handsomely got ap translation of M. Engéne Plon’s “Life of Thorwaldsen,” aiso by Mrs. Hoey, and which contains a complete descriptive catalogue of the works of the fanious Dane, is another of Mr. Bentley’s Christmas books. Messrs. Macmillan’s list is a tempting one. The Jong expected volume on “Wild Animals,” appro- priately iustrated by Wolf with a series of exqui- site drawings, announced as the last which he will execute, 18 an absolutely perfect production. Among the most rising artists in book illustrating is Mr. Waller, who has done an immense deal of work of late. His drawings are in Mr. Knatchbull- Hugessen’s wondertul books for children, and also in a new edition of the “Wonderful Adventures of a Phaeton,” by William Black (whose “Princess of Thuie" is quite the best novel of the year), and Are full of beauty, quaintness and spirit. He has also written a clever little book on Iceland, de- scriptive of his travels there on the tracks of the Great Saga of Burnt Njal, which had Jaid its spell on him in Mr. Dasart’s famous version, A splendidly illustrated life of Leonardo da Vinci 1s among the best contmbutions of the year to art biography. It contains all that is really known of the great painter, and makes the reader rather savage at the remembrance of the sources of in- formation contained in the jealously guarded French MSS., to which access is denied. The “Landseer Volume,” announced by Messrs, Virtue, bas not yet appeared, but the specimens of tt prove that nothing has been spared in renderingit perfect. <A collection of Gilray’s caricatures is much talked avout; more talked aboat than ad- mired, I guess. The vieverness of these perfor- mances is undeniable, but their manner is as ob- solete as their wit. ‘Pictures by Clarkson Stan- field,” the great artist who commenced life as a sailor boy, then became scene painter, and died one of England’s most renowned Koyal Acade- micians, is a very fine book, far beyond the drawing room standard. Of the children’s books the name 1s Legion, and it must suffice to mention a few of the best, Among these the “Children’s Pleasure Book” is decidedly the most precious selection for children. “Pet,” by Mr. Hawels; the cover is a poem in it- self, ‘Out, and All About,” the only volume of trae fables, and not parables or allegories, since Gay, and “Lob-lie-by-the-fire,” a wonderfully clever story, most humorous and ingenious, by Mrs. Ewing, the daughter of Mrs. Alired Gatty, ‘Aunt Judy,” by whose recent death the child world has sustained a severe loss. Messrs. Routledge’s handsome Mastrated edition of the “Christian Year” is not altogether satisfactory, some of the illustrations being unworthy of their companions. Marcus Ward’s “Pictures from the Japanese” are very clever in idea and carrying out. They are clever rhyming readings of etories from tue “Arabian Nights,’ according to the Japanese ver- Sion of those famous fictions, tilustrated by bril- jant drawings in Oriental style. ‘The list of new books for the new year is headed by “Ivan de Biron; or, the Russian Court in the Middle of the Last Century,” by Sir Arthur Helps. This gentleman has not ‘hitherto been a popular in fiction, though the eclectic merits of his “Rea!mah” pleased people of culture, and there is more curiosity than expectation regard- ing this Russian history novel. The third and tourth volumes of ng Dixon's entertaining historical romance, “I'he History of Two Queens,” are in the press. Itis smusing, so far as the first two volumes are concerned, th uotonous, and as much like nistory as br. Cum- —_. Periocmaciees are like scientific exegesis. o1 volume Henry Lewes’ much talked of “Problems of in ut The work ry ife and Mina” is out. Muon prgdecton oh ptaaeiat ange " ion Jo-philol Mr. Glennie, which was stillborn in the aucumti, for his ie only one volume. of one series. it is entitied “The Foundation of a Creed,” and is, if not @ recantation, at least a considerable modifica- Vion of the Bosrt of view irom which the “Histor of Lc ” was written. For this extraordi- nary alteration from the denial of any locus standi at all to metaphysics, to the acceptance of the metapnysical ideas Of force, cause, matter and motive as the ‘“knowable,” Mr, Lewes’ admirers Claim, not revolution, but evolution. it may be so, especially as since Mr. Gladstone's explanation evolution may be held to mean anything or nothing, the eternal fixity or the unending whirligig: but the book puzzles people who have hitherto thought that however slippery other philosophers ne be they are at least sure of thax Lewes, 4p sog ing as these “Problems” are Irritating is a collec tion of lectures by the late Rev. F. fat ttled “The Friendship of Books.” “Goethe's C vVersations with Eckermann,” ars as the latest volume of Bohn’s Standard and simul- taneously Messra. Smith & Elder publish a ches edition of Lewes’ ‘*Life of Goethe,” most readable Of biographies, Another interesting popular work just published is Proctor’s ‘Borderland of Beience.” Mr. Proctor has, beyond any other writer on dificult scientific subjects, @ faculty of Making his meaning intelligible to readers not criticaily acquainted with his theme without for a moment forgetting the aignity of his topic. As I predicted, the government has refused to sanction an SEpAnEE expedition to the Arctic Seas. The decision bas caused disappointment to the learned societies and some discontent among those who think legitimate employment might thus be provided for our “rusting” naval officers. Bat the public feeling is, on the whole, with the Rina. The expenses of the Challenger are ikely to be considerably above the estimates, and with an actual Ashantee war, a prospective indian famine and a very probable Caffre war on our hands We are not anxious for an Arctic expedition, ‘The interest which has been la ely revived in Arctic Uterature is, however, still main Sampson Low & Uo, have published an extraordinary book by Ca Butler, author of ‘The Great Lone Landy? who has alreaay distinguished bimeelf on the Gold Coast—having volunteered . outbreak of the war—by his gallantry and oumanity. His new work is cailed ‘Tne Wild North Land: A winter pany with Dogs Across Northern North Amer. ica.” It is wonderfully written ; full of adventure, auite devoid of brag and bounce, and it conveys a singular impression of the vagueness, the vast- ness, the solitude and yet the contentedness of that wild world and life, The private journais of Sir Hope Grant, G. C. B, are published under the title of “Incidents in the Bepoy War of 1857-8," They have a certain interest, but it is rather of a technical than a general kind. at can be said of Kinglake’ “Inkermann Volume” of the “History of the Crimean War,” ex- cept that he has carried out the Horatian precept much teo strictly and too far outof date? Will people read the book? Can even the memory of “Kothen” inspire them to do 80? No historical event within the century is deader than the Crimean war, and the marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh will be its final requiem. {ts glories and its blunders, military and oficial; its nistory, political, geod commercial and comic, are as much of the past as those of the Punic wars; in- deed more go, for schoolboys are obliged to learn the Punic wars, and 1 don’t think ihey are ex- pected to learn anything about the Crimea. They May be; but linciine to think the line of modern patties {s drawn appropriately at Waterloo. SCIENCE IN METAPHYSICS,* In “Preblems of Life and Mind” Mr, George Henry Lewes maintains that metaphysical prob- lems have rationally no other difficulties than those which beset all problems, and, when scientifically treated, that they are capable of solutions not less satisfactory and certain than those of physics. And it may be remarked at the beginning that in proposing to do this he disclaims even the appear- ance of unsaying what it has been the chief pur- pose of his previous labors to enforce. He main- tains that to dissuade men from wasting precious energies upon insoluble problems animates his present efforts a8 much a8 it animated his efforts of thirty years ago. The only difference is, that problems which he formerly regarded as in- soluble by methods then in use, he now regards as solubie by the method of science, and by no other method. Whatever conceptions can be Treachea through logical extensions of experience and can be shown to be conformable witn it are legitimate products, capable of being used as principles for further research, Whatever lies be- yond the limits of experience and claims another origin than that of induction and deduction from established data is illegitimate. It can never be- come @ principle of research, but only an object of infertile debate. Since we are to rise to meta- physics through science we must never forsake the method of science, and 1 in con- formity with inductive principi we are never to invoke aid irom any higher source than experience we must discard all in- quirtes which transcend the ascertained or ascer- tainable data of experience. Hence the necessity for a new word which will clearly designate this discarded remainder, a word which must charac- terize the nature of the inquiries rejected. If the “empirical” designates the domain we include within the range of science, the domain excluded may fitly be styled the ‘metempirical.’? The metempirical region 1s the void where speculation roams unchecked’, where sense has no footing, where experiment can exercise no control and where calculation ends in impossible quantities. Physics and metaphysics deal with things and thelr relations as these are known tous and as they are believed to exist in our universe. Metem- Pirics sweeps out of this region in search of the “otherness” of things, seeking to behold things, not as they are in our universe, not as they are to us; it substitutes for the tdeal constructions of science the ideal constractions of imagination, But the application of a scientific method to problems hitherto inaccessible may reflect light on questions of science otherwise hopelessly obscure. The author anticipates the objection that an empirical answer to speculative questions can never satisfy the mind yearning for insight into the world of things behind phenomena—ior knowledge of the “otherness” of things—for glimpses of “the light that never was on sea or shore.” But we must remember that, whatever speculative curiosity may prompt, our real and lasting interest is in ascertaining the order of things we know. A sub- lime aspiration after the otherness of things is sublimely irrational. To know things as they are known to us is all we need know—all that is pos- sible to be known. A knowledge of the supra- sensible, were it gained, would, by the very fact of coming under the conditions of knowledge, only be knowledge of its relations to us. The knowledge Would still be relative, phenomenal. Having stated these conditions, Mr. Lewes next proceeds to explain the experiential method, This is the metuodizing of what is known. The range of the known embraces much more than the sensible, Not only the direct presentations to sense, but the indirect representations, the verifia- ble inferences from sense, constitute its elements, Not only the individual experiences, slowly ac- quired, but the accumulated experience of the race, organized in language, condensed in instru- ments and axioms and in what may be called in- herited intuitions, form the multiple unity which is expressed in the abstract term “experience.” Whenever a question is couched in terms that ignore experience, reject known truths and in- volve inaccessible data—that is, data inaccessi- ble through our present means or through any conceivable extension of those means—it is met- empirical, and pbilosophy can have nothing to do with it. But any question which can be couched in terms of experience and answered on its data is admissible. The first operation, therefore, in dealing with any meta- physical problem must be to disengage the metem- pirical elements and proceed to treat the empiri- cal elements, with the view of deducing from them the unknown elements, if that be practicable, or, if the deduction be impracticable, of registering the unknown elements as traascendental. ‘The ex- istence of an unknown quantity (as may be proved by algebraic illustration) does not necessarily disturb the accuracy of calculations founded on the known functions of that quantity; and we are led, thence, to the conclusion that the scientific canon of excluding from calculation all incalculable data Places metaphysics on the same level with physics. The search after causes 1s futile or fertile ac- cording to the clearness of our conception of what it is we seek and how it maybe found. A tradi- tional perversion makes the essence of a thing to consist in the relations of that thing to something unknown and unknowable rather than in its rela- tions to & Known or knowable—that ts, it assames that the thing cannot be what it is to us and other known things, but must be something ‘in iteelf,” unrelated or having quite other relations to other unknowable thing® 1n this contempt of the actuai in favor of the vaguely imagined possible, this neg- lect Of reality in favor of a supposed deeper reality, this disregard of light in search for a light behind the light, metaphysictans have been led to seek the “thing in itself’ beyoud the region of experience. To reflective minds it was early appar- ent that such @ quesitum was a phantom; and because it could not be grasped they declared, not that this phantom-essence was be- yond our reach. but that all essences were impene- trable mysteries, With the reality before them they declared it was @ phantom, ang that the shadow was thé reality, the essence. Unless, therefore, the general inciples of Ls have been securoly ished by science its ope- rations will be as chimerical as those of a calculus of imaginary cguations, and unless ite operations be verifiable they will be worthless. Its point of departure and its point of arrival must be the reals, The initial condition of mevaphysical inqui- Ties, that of separating the insoluble from the soluble aspects of each propiem, would be accepted by all, But the question would everywhere arise, What 18 insoluble? How this ascertainable? At this point we find ourselves fronting the great psychological problems of the limitations of knowledge and the praciole of certitude, In order to settle these it necessary to examine the principles of positive and speculative research, and then to show that the principles of metempirical research must either be unconditionally rejected, or, if accepted, must be isolated from all departments of knowl- edge and restricted solely to the unknowable. By way of introduction to this research and the succeeding probiems the author then proceeds io group together the endl al rales of philoso- poe ing jor the regulation of the student’s efforts. en follows an examination of psychological prin- ciples, and, though many interesting and impor- tant questions are there touched upon, we shail not have space to mention more than one or two, One of these is the distinction which Mr, Lewes insists must be established between animal consciousness and human consciousness—a distinction which be maintains is far greater than any other distinction which can be established be- tween animal and man. The psychological medium interposed between the cosmos and the conscious- ness, and briefly designated by the term ex- rience, applies both to antmais and man. But in man we must recognize another medium, one jrom which his moral and intellectual Iife is mainly drawn, one which separates him from all animals by the broadest line. This is the social medium, the collective accumulations of centuries, con- densed in knowledge, beliefs prejudices, institu- tions and tendencies, and forming another kind of psychoplasm to which the animal is a stranger. The animal feels the cosmos and adapts himselt to it, Man ieeis the cosmos, but he also thinks it, Again he feels the social world and thinks it. His feelings and his thoughts of both are powerfully modified by residua. Hence the very cosmos is to bim greatly different from what itisto the animal, for just as what is organ- iged in the individual becomes transmitted to off- spring, and determines the mode in which the off- spring Will react on stimulus,so what is registered in the social organism determines the mode tn which succeeding generations will feel and think. But by no conceivable extension of animal faculties, unaided by that important factor to which is due the superiority of human intelligence could the highest of the animals be raised into that moral and intellectual worid which the habitual medium of the civilized human soul. In so far as we are justified in classing phenomena into distinct groups, and thus distinguishing the products of several factors from the products of simple factors, the group recog- nized under the class of ‘‘Human Intelligence” is so different from the yap of “Animal Intelli- gence” that it requires for its analytical interpre- tation different lactors of corresponding impor- tance. Passing from this interesting point, the author, under the head of *Reasoned Realism,” denies the assumed distinction between noumenon and phenomenon, except as a convenient artifice Jor classification, by which the ‘‘anknowable other- | ness of relation” is distinguished from the know- able relation; that 1s to say noumena standing for things m their relations to other forms of sentience (if there are such) than our own, and phenomena standing for things in every conceivable relation to sentience like our own. Considering the nmoumenon as a phantasm that has no existence for us, consequently, caunot come within our per- ceptions, nor within any theory of percepeen. and is therefore altogether banieLed from the sphere of Knowledge, we are led through our psychologi- cal analysis back to the synthetic starting point— namely, that the external world exists, and among the modes of its existence is the one we perceive. Rationally interpreted, we may accept the ordinary belief that color is a quality of the object seen, that heat 1s in the fire, roughness is in the rough surface, &c., and atthe same time we May accept the philosopher’s assertion that all these qualities in’ objects are feelings in us. Psychogeny will show us that color, heat, &c., are, from one point of view, both in the objects and in us; from another point of view they are im neither, But of what has been named by @ certain school of philosophers ‘intellectual intuition” philosophy is not called upon to take any account, since, for all the purposes of research, it is non-existent, It 18 @ musician playing on a violin wthout strings in the halls of a castle in the air. Fancy may endow this musician with super- human skill, since fancy has created him; bat tne melodies are too subtle tor human ears. To the metempirical specutator we may say, ‘All expe- rience is against you; yet, if you have any means of proving the existence of ah organ which grasps realities beyond those given through sensible ex- perience, we shall admit our error; but till this is proved we must hold your effurts to be mis- directed.” Mr. Lewes then proceeds to examine the ideas of cause and substance. The investigation of any phenomeno. or group Of phenomena may be lik- ened to the exploration of the sources of a river. The wanderer toilows the river from the sea, through valleys and water courses, till it is lost in a lake, The exploring mind 1% unsatisfied, and asks, “Whence the lake ?? From streams that have their origin in rivulets, and these rivulets in water-threads oozing trom the mountain side. He ascends the steep sides, guided by the trickling brightneas, till finally he arrives at the vast snow fields of the summit. ‘There, where earth ceases, he stands thrilled, awed, perplexed. Before him lies the wide expanse of snow, above him the wide sweep of sky. All traces of the river nave van- ished and this mystery fronts him. The restless craving for a cause or origin is unappeased. ‘The snow was the origin of the river, but whence the suow? it must have @ cause. It 18 not an origin, but a@ landing place. The river was only the snow fuent. Onwards the exploring mind proceeds, following the snow into the clouds, where it appears as delicate vesicles of water en- closing aur, Whence this water? It rose in ex- halation from the sea, The explorer thus returns to his point of departure. Whence the sea? It is not the origin of the water, since it visibly receives the water trom the land. Thus the circle of move- Ment runs. Further examination discloses that every single particle of water persists unchanged through all its changing fellowships with other particles, and with Norte | heat, air, salts, &c., as it successively forms an integer of rivulet and river, cloud and snow. It is these particles which alone are real, Rivulet or river, cloud or snow, is an abstraction, @ group of events. The iorm of the river and its course through the land give it individuality as a b bapeirae but these are ob- viously determined by the conjuncture of external events. Its individuality at each stage expresses these conjunctures, and that which was a babbling brook is now a navigabie river only by the co- operation of new conjunctures, The thread of light, the cloud of spray, the floating mist and leaping cataract, the snowflake and the breaker are embodied histories. Each successive form 1s a succession of events, each event having been de- termined by some prior group. This is the circa- lation of cause, Causation is Immanent change. But thronghout these transformations there nas been something persistent, something that has not changed—nameiy, the existence we call “sub- stance.” And it [s in this persistent value whose changing positions have determined the events, If the changes are causes, the changed !s sub- stance. Cause and substance, force and matter, are the indissotubie elements of every phenome- non. But while the positive thinker accepts the immediate conditions as the causal conditions, ac- cepting these in full explanation of the why (since itis an explanation of the how), the metaphysical thinker demands that tne how of the how, or the why oi the how, should be explained, and 18 not satisied by @ regress to antecedent conditions. On the contrary, he demands a transcendental condition. Over and above those sensivie conditons which the physicist assigns he believes there is an undefinable some- thing, named power, gen to unite with hydrogen—a something which gives these conditions their efficiency. ‘his power he either concetves to be external to the substance or immanent in them. In the one case he regards it as the action of the Deity operating on and through the gases; in the other case as the action of & lorce—amMnity. In both cases the power is assumed to be the eMctent agent, and this agent some theorizers believe to be Knowable through an intuition not dependent upon experience; other theorivers declare tt to be unknowable though un- deniavle. The objection to both these views ts that the assumed power is wholly without basis in sensible experiénce, and must be exciuded from the province of research, to be relegated to the province of the suprasensiole, which demands a special organ and has no community with positive knowledge. Nor is this all, Granting tue pres- ence of such an agent, it would be powerless in tue absence of the substantial conditions, and would vary in its effecc with every variation of these conditions, Since, therefore, the knowable effect depends on and varies with the known conditions, and since, moreover, nothing ts given in experi- ence, except the fact of the union and the fact of the conditions, it is clear that the introduction of a power, Over and above these, is superfuous. If any one ask, “Why is the planetary path ellip- tical? he is answered = when’ the con- ditions are enumerated which determine that path to be elliptical and not otherwise. If this how be further questioned, and a why be sought, it again resolves itself into another how, and so on in endiess regress of conditions, unfolding dependencies on dependencies, tll the final pause, ‘This i8 so because nature 18 80, or be- cause God has willed it so.” Still, Mr. Lewes ciaims that his method of metaphysics does not exclude mystery irom the universe, but only from science, and assigns it to the region of the met- empirical, “whose margin fades forever and for- ever as we move.” The existence of @ faculty tor apprehending the suprasensible requires prool, and when proven it can only serve to construct a system of conceptions which have no analogy or point of intersection with the conception con- structed out of senstble experiences. ‘This being 80, Whatever range it may have, it must be ex- cluded from all theories having reference to the sensible world, This brief survey brings us to the end of Mr. Lewes?’ first volume, the only one yet published on this side of the Atlantic. The second volume, which is now undergoing the author's revision, will soon make its appearance, and the two to- pty will constitute the first series or “The ‘oundations of a Creed.” The completed series is intended as matic introdaction to the phi ophy of scien The questions considered are some of the most important that can command at- tention, and to their treatment Mr. Lewes brings mind richly ge by nature for such studies, and strengthened and enriched by the severe disci- pline of a lifetime. * Problems of Life and Mind, by George Henry Lewes. Vou I.” Published hy James It “good & U0, Boston. which causes the oxy." NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 18, 1874.-TRIPLE SHEET. THE SUNDAY LAW The Police Commissioners Order All Sun- day Dramatic and Operatic Per- formances and All Public Balls To Be Stopped, EXCITEMENT AMONG THE GERMANS. Censors Appointed to Distinguish Sacred from Profane Music. Work of the Sabbath Committee To- Day and This Evening. The German population of the city of New York, all told, men, Women and children, is computed at about 175,000 persons. There are but three cities in all Germany, with its population of 50,000,000, that have a greater number of citizens and citi- zens’ Wives and children than the German colony in New York, And it must be remembered that the Teutonic peopies have always been fond of amusement, singing, dancing and drinking beer since the days of Tacitua, And it is, therefore, consequent upon all this that the parts of the city inhabited and frequented by the Germans, and more particularly west of the Bowery, from Canal to Twenty-third street, should be thickly studded with theatres for comedy, tragedy, farce and operatic as well as concert music. There are also many hundreds of ball rooms and places where dancing parties and asso- ¢lations, both benevolent and terpsichorean meet, which are crowded nightly with amusement seek- ers—hard working men and women and der kinder of the Deutscher Vouk. Everywhere the eye is greeted with tnese signs, and the numbers of Harmony, Concordia, Turnhalles and gartens that a spectator end pedestrian encounters on his traveis are be- yond calculation, ARBEIT, FREIHEIT UND GESANG. Just at present, and more particularly since the clubbing of the workingmen in Tompkins square, the greatest excitement prevails among our Ger- man fellow citizens regarding the action taken by the Police Commissioners and affecting the pleasurable and other interests of this class of our citizens. During the last few days the proprietors or lessees Of the various German theatres, concert halls and ball rooms throughout the city have been notified from Police Headquarters to catl and see the Police Superintendent Matsell, in regard to an order issued by the Police Commissioners to the effect that on and after Sunday, January 18 (to-day), no dramatic, equestrian, operatic, acro- batic, negro minstrel or dancing performance, or any other dancing, would be allowed by law to take place on Sunday or Sunday evening, and that the proprietors or lessees of all such places would be arrested for misdemeanor and fined $500 each, and to be locked up until the fine ig paid. Nearly all the different German pro- prietors of vnese kindred places of amusement called at Police Heaaquarters and had the law read to them by the Superintendent, which forbids any periormance 8 take place on the Sabbath day or evening. THE LAW AGAINST SUNDAY AMUSEMENTS. The law as read by Superintendant Matseil to these gentiemen was passed in of session of uhe New York Legislature on Apri 17, 1860, and ai tempts of a spasmodic nature have been made during the past thirteen years to enforce it, but they have failed signally. Owing to the fact also that nearly 200,000 German citizens volunteered for the Union during the rebellion the law was, in fact, permitted to remain in sleepy abeyance, ‘The first section of the law reads as follows :— It shall not be lawful toexhibit on the first day of the week, commonly called »unday, to the public in any building, garden or grounds, concert room or other rootn ‘or place’ within the city and county of New York, apy interlude, tragedy, opera, play, farce, negro minstrelsy, negro or’ other dancing, or any other interude of the ‘age, or any part or paris therein, or any equestrian, us or dramatic performance ol jugglers, acrobats oF rope dancing. This act was passed four days after the firing on Sumter by the rebels, and it was buried in the thunderous hurly burly and crash of the war. A Mr. Norman White, who is & member of the Sab- bath Committee, the headquarters of which are at room 31 Bible House, and of which a Mr. W. W. Atterbury is Secretary, called on Friday at Police Headquarters ior the purpose of having the law strictly enforced = and carried ~ out to-day at the instance or rather on demand of the Sabbath Committee and of the Young Mea’s Chris- tian Association, which latter body is moving wich great zeal ana energy, though with equal secresy in the matter. Mr. White is a wealthy paper dealer of this oy. residing in West Thirty-sixth street, and the President of the Young Men’s Christian Association is Mr. William E. Dodge, who ig well known all over the couutry as the head of the firm of Phelps, Dodge & Co., and 1s also Presi- dent of the Chamber of Commerce. WHAT DOKS THE ACT OF 1860 MEAN? At each and every large German concert hall, theatre or other similar place of amusement in this city, this day and evening, an agent of the mysterious Sabbath Committee will be present to watch the performances. If there be singing it must not be in costume; no curtain must rise or fall during the performance or beiore or after it, and it will be for these self-constituted agents to decide from their nigh musical intelli- gence what is sacred and what ts profane music, ‘Lo do this they must be perfectiy well acquainted with French, German and Italian secular and sacred music, with operatic music, oratorio, symphonies, figures and overtures, and they must have a clear knowledge of classical and chamber music, and if not their decis ions will be open to debate and question. There 18 great excitement among the German peo- ple im regard to this measure Of the Police Coin- missioners, and the interierence of the Sabbath Committee is resented by them as officious, med- diesome andimpertinent, Many of these theatres have periormances or speeches and short acts dur- ing Sunday evenings, and sometimes a curtain is used, and at other times it is not used at ail, The proprietors of the Germania Theatre in East Fourteenth street, in Tammany Hall, who are, itseems, also the lessees of Terrace Garden Theatre, at Fifty-ninth street and Third avenue, have been notified by the police about their Sun- day evening periormances, which were purely dramatic and operatic, and have determined to comply with the demands of the Commissioners preparatory to carrying the cage into the courts. hey have posted the following notice, in German, at their theatres, which will explain itself NOTICE. ‘The honored public is hereby informed that, in accord- ance with police regulations, the Sunday performances at the Germania Theatre, and likewise at the Terrace Garden Theatre, are not allowed to take pia an, ong he purchasersot tickets. for the performances above mentioned are informed that their money will be returned to them if presented at the office of the Ger- mania Theatre, AD, NEUBNDORFF, A TALK WITH MATSELL, A reporter of the HERALD called yesterday at Police Headquarters to see Superintendent Matsell and get at his views in regard to the proposed raid ‘ on the performances. The veteran Superintendent .8at behind his big desk with his glasses on, and was busily engaged in a profound and inscrutabie examination Of @ peck of skeleton keys and burglars’ picklocks. This kind of thing affords the veteran Superintendent tne most pleasurable ex- citement. Mr. Matsell allowed the reporter to peruse his copy of the Law of 1860, put would not ermit Nim to carry it away, as he said that e had no other, The Jaw states that the fine of $500 is to go to the treasury of the Society for the Reform of Juvenile Delinquents. Mr. Matsell was asked what constituted an illegal per- formance, and his answer was that any dramatic or operatic performance was illegal on Sunday night, bat that a concert—a sacred concert—was not illegal. And he added that it was a matter of extreme diMcuity to decide what was sacred and what was not sacred in a performance purely musi- cal, or any concert. But no stage periormance would be allowed, and he said that there would be plenty of police in attendance at the different German re- sorts to eniorce the law. He was then asked if the performance to be given at the Stadt Theatre in the Bowery to-night was illegal. He answered that any theatrical performance on the stage was iMegal on Sunday night, but that a concert in a theatre was not illegal. He was again aaked if the stage and there gave a concert would it be illegal, and he deciarea positively that it would not be illegal under those circumstances. This will be & very interesting piece of news to our German feilow citizens, as +] is the largest theatre in the United States, holding 4,000 persons in the auditorium, AMONG THE GERMANS. To get at the feelings of the Germans is not dim- git, as they are very excited and are loud in their denunciations of ‘the interference with their amusements. Some of the places of amusement have not signified any intention to close their per- forma’ to-night, and as there are @ number of rman cilabs and working and musical societies, or vereins, who have advertised to give masquerade and civic balls their different halls and ciub rooms to-night it be a matter tor the Police Commissioners to whether they can enter a club reom or Tarnhail and break up these masque: The law is not decisive on this point; but it will be remembered t ex-Superintendent John A. Kenneay once ar- hoa ‘an entire Jewish masquerade ty nine from the private residence of a wealthy He’! citizen, Bails fe ange will be given to-night the following places :— “Grand conoert and dancing afterwards of a Aschenbrodel Verein and New York Saengerbunda at the Germania Assembly Rooms, in the Ae al Musica) and Lagirs performance at the Na= uonai Garten, No. 104 Bowery. sang-Verein in the furnhalle, Nos, 66 and es'tast Fourth street.—This will be a ball and vhe “Got nsked ball of the Stl: Beers Band e Gardens, in Esse: “gal ot tie Teutonia siunercior at the Teutoniay Assembly Rooms, in Third avenue. ‘Scandalia Quartet Club at Concordia Hall, im avenue A. It will be observed that all these masquerade balls and festtvals, at Which there is danci wilt And it will also take place this evening. be observed that under this same lawa which is to be enforced to-uay an this evening of ali the men and women—some very young and respectable girls among them—were arrested on last Supday eveuing at the Casino ballroom, formerly a church; and at the Union Assembly Rooms, corner of Elizabeth andj Grand streets, nearly 260 persons Were arrested @ few Sundays since, and were imprisoned over night in close and crowded cells, and Were taken to the Tombs and examined next morning. All the large: beer gardens have determined to keep open to~ day, and will have music, but whether it wilK be sacred or profane Lone can tell but themselves. The propriewor of the Atlantic Garden, @ grea@ resort in the Bowery, stated last night that he: would give a concert to-night of his Vienna Ladies’ Orchestra, and he further stated that he thought if the Sonne Men’s Christian Association had nothing better to do than tus kind of work they had better shut up shop, He said that in Germany the people had as mach religion as im America, but that they had no Sunday jaws to interfere wita the liberty of the people. When in- formed that it was possible that the Sabbath Com- mittee might determine to prosecute and make & compiaint to the District Attorney he very calmiy said, “Weil, when those Christians go to the Dis- trict Attorney the Germans will be there too,”? HERALD reporter also called at the Stadt Theatre, and the proprietors and manager, Mra Rubino, informed him that they Would give ay grand sacred concert to-night on the largest scale: ever known before, but that they would not give, any dramatic or operatic eximan ee and would strictly comply with the law as they had always, done heretofore. The curtain will not be raised or! lowered at the Stadt Theatre and the orchestray will be placed on the stuge, and to this per~ formance the Police Superintendent has given his absolute permission. THE STOPPAGE OF SUNDAY LAGER ANIK LIQUOR IN NEWARK. | Trial and Conviction of a Batch of Law Breakers. In obedience to instructions given the police by» Mayor Perry to enforce the law torbidding the sale, of liquor or lager on bundays, the law was gene-: rally obeyed in Newark last Sunday, and the citi- zens enjoyed a quietness and freedom from disturbances of the peace to which for years they had been strangers. Out of the 1,200 saloons which Newark 18 said to possess but very few disregarded the orders of the authorities. A few kept open a short while after twelve o’clock on Saturday night, but only, one openly defied the authorities and Kep open ali day. This was Frederick Waldmann, tn proprietor of the largest saloon in the city. His ins tention was so strongly made up to Keep open ins spite of the law that he actually called on the police magistrate on Saturday and offered to pay $10 fine in advance. He was told, however, thaG there were other. penalties besides the fine. Yes- terday a batch of the complaints against saloom keepers were tried in the Police Court, and in alk cases except a few convictions were had and fines imposed accordingly, with costs added. Waldmann wag, of course, among the number. Subseqnently: ne admitted that he had had enough of butting against the law and would no more attempt io dety it. The Grand Jury is now in session, aud fears are entertained that indictments may be found against law violators of this class, ‘To-day, | in Newark, the Sunday law will, doubtless, be ob- served universally by the saloon keepers. There 18 @ Movement on foot among them seeking to a reformation of the law wich will enable them to keep open a part of Sunday. he proceedings in Court yesterday collected a large crowd of spec- tators, ART MATTERS, ses ali Artists’ Fand Society. Last evening, at the Somerville Art Gallery, a private view was given of the pictures constitut- ing the fourteenth annual exhibition of the Artisis® Fund Society of New York, The annual exhibition of this soctety is distinguished for two things— viz., the excellence of its motives and the malig- nity with which those motives are misrepresented by a disaffected few. Last year, we remember, précisely the same charges were made in regard to it as have been made this year, and with quite ag little foundation. Those charges aver that somey of the painters contributing pictures do so as @ neat speculation for themselves rather than m aidi of the families of destitute artists, and contrive in; that way to make a good deal more money for their own pockets than goes into the pockets of those who need it more. Now, it is a mistake to suppose that when a picture sells for more thant $100 the fund receives none of the surplus, andj when two pictures are contributed by one artist, that the fund reccives none of the proceeds of the; second picture. The good which has been accom-' Plished by this association ts a saflicient guarantee. that it has nothing to conceal—an assurance, which the presidency of Mr. R, W. Hubbard and’ the secretaryship of Mr. Alexander Laurie serve; further to ratify. Last evening’s view brought to hght about eigity pictures, and a pleasant assem- binge of artists, connoisseurs, amateurs and jour- nalists, who mingled criticism and eulogy with those graceful pieasantries of speech and manner which are never so graceful as when spontas neously springing from such an iniormal en= counter, Wedo not know why an exhibi- tion of this kind should be considered exempt from criticism because the object is charitable. It 18 true that charity covers # mullitude of sins. It 1s also true that the worst sins one conceals are sometimes those which he. Iides under the name, of being charitable, If ar- Usts coutribute to this fund at all they ought to put forth ail their strength, and not rest content with mean and careless work, as many o/ them too often do. But then there are bright excep- tions, and upon these it is pleasant to dwell, Guy contributes the lace of a young country boy, be- neath whose torn hat glows a set of ruday and ingenuous features, almost too refined tor the sub- ject, but preserving an air of decided rusticity. There are one or two dreamy and peacetul land- scapes by Casilear, and one by Huntington equally, characteristic. Whittredge and Sonntag are weit represented. Tait has two ptctures in hie best style, one representing a hunter and his dogs and the other a doe and hen young ones, In two small pictures Julia Scott makes very pleasant use ot those marti reminiscences that have already supplied bim witty so many themes. An excellent painting by tha aged Durand helds a position near to some finely painted flowers by Lambdiv. The careful and reverent hand of David Johnson is seen in two small works representing quiet skies, still waters. and lichened rocks. Near the end of the procession, which one makes around the galiery from right to leit, are 4 small marine by M. F. 4, de Haas, and a fleet of vessels in a Turkish port by R. Swain Gifford. The indefatigable Bricher has one or twa excellent, marine views Wyant a landscape wherein ‘the quiet colored end of evening smilies,’ and Cropsey a view of the Campagna, full of te golden breath of noon. Among artists less known, and some of them recent additions to the society, are Robbins, who is represented by a Swiss land- Scape; Bristol, with some clever lake and river views; F. A. Smith, who builds yachts as well as paints them; Silva, with ove of bis recently fin~ isbed marines, the best by him that we have seen, and William Morgan. A very general PO however, obtainea that two contributions by Mr. Charles H. Miller, called “A Long Isiand Home~ stead” and “Sunset at Quecns, Long Island,” were the stars of the collection. They are by an arti who is comparatively unknown, but who evinced in them such decided’ power and origin- ality as to have made an enviable mark now if hever before. The exhibition wil) remain opem night and day all this week, The sale will take place Tuesday, January 20. THE RECENT FIRE IN OTTAWA. Maps and Surveys of the Canadian Pacific Railway Destroyed. Orrowa, Canada, Jan. 17, 1874. The butiding burned here last night was the olf officers’ quarters situated in tne rear of the west Canada Pacific surveya, The fire broke out about baif-past seven P. M. It is supposed to. have been caused by cinders from the grate m one of the rooms, and Lig ‘2 Hs tora amber of very vatuable books, Y vi ieee fat eeeeret eee The loss is variously estimated from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000. It is poxsible that the contents of some of the safes have escaped. The was of the oldest in the city and was bai ie constructed, Nothing but the was lei FROZEN TO DEATH PORTLAND, Me., Jan. 17, 1874 Crac Philbrook, & man of intemperate habits, ‘Was found frozen to death last nigh®