The New York Herald Newspaper, November 17, 1873, Page 5

German and Czech found devout audiences, WRO Wstened with uncovered head to the words of praise and truth, and then joined in prayer and raise to God and St. Wenzel, and invoked from leaven grace and aid in restoring to St. Wenzel’s tand its ancient glory and splendor. Here young and old Czechs joined in hearty song and prayer, forgetting political differences, and even the stern old Protestant historian Palacky did not stay away from this national iestival of hs country. Rieger was there, too, although neither he nor his party are willing to recognize the supremacy of the Church in matters political. APTER THE RELIGIOUS SERVICES ‘we passed with difficulty into the cathedral dedi- cated to St. Vitus—or rather part of vhe cathedral, for it is only built to a third of the projected plan, Five hundred years is it since the editiee was com- menced, and the Puce of the main body ot the church stand up in long rows outside the com- leted portion. Thus, as an edifice, it 1s a deiorm- ty, increased by the injuries T7iciea Ly He Great Frederic's bombardeyZut in the seven years’ War. The mside ig. vezy curious and rich in treasures, gravestone” and monuments of kings and ¢m- Perors, “of pictures and cunningly carved wood, and Yuen the big surine containing the remains of bt Jolin Nepomuk, a georgeous silver casing, weighing no lesa than 670 pounds—pure, solid silver—a shrine fit for such a@ saint. The corpse is contamed, we are told, in a crystal collin, which is enclosed in the one of sil- ver, which is borne aloft by angels, and four other fencian spirits of silver hover over the remains, jefore Nepomuk’s altar one of the priests was cel- ebrating uiass and a great crowd of devout stood mutely by. We passed into the chapel of St. Wen- zel himself, rich in fresco paintings, and its walls inlaid with Bohemian amethysts and jaspers and chrysoprase, with a gorgeously decorated sanctu- ary, contaiming the remains of the saint, hisarmor and sword, and gazed on his statue by Peter Vischer, of Nuremberg, and the brass ring to which he clung at the Church of Alt Bunziau., Into the treasures Of the precious treasury | cannot intro- duce you, since to-day it,is closed. It con- tains some 400 mas robes of Wondrous beauty and value, “relizious relics used at the coronation of the Bohemian kings, portions of the bones of Isaac, Abraham and Jacob; the Virgin’s ker- chief, a piece of the true cross, enclosing a bit of the sponue, which was placed in a hyssop; one of the palm branches strewed in Christ's way as ne entered Jerusalem, beside an immense number of similar curtosities equally authentic and valuaple.’” At least so says my guide book, and tt is iniallible, SERMONS—PRAGUE AND ROME, Thus you see did Prince Archbishop get Czechs and Germans up to the Hradisch—the former came to do Wenzel honor as a national hero; the latter did him honor more in his character of Saint of the Church. Palacky said expressly—and he is a Prot- estant—he came merely to do honor to Wenzel’s shrine as asual, in celebration of the national boiiday. Three of the most powerful orators of the Catholic Church spoke trom the temporary pulpits erected in the castle yard. The tenor of the Speeches, the tendency of the demonstration, was well expressed in the official organ of Prince Archbishop Schwarzenberg on the {ol- Jowing day:—‘Upposed to our foes, we take a solemn oath on this anniversary day, by our Wenzel’s crown and by our martyrs, that we will do as our fathers @id; that we will preserve the rights of our fatherland with ‘good and blood,’ the rights of the Bohemian crown, the rights of our king, and, lke our ancestors in the Middle Ages, who iought against all the enemies of Christianity, 80 we will not lay down our arms before the modern foes of Christianity are conquered! Tremble then, Free- Masons, young Czechians and liberal Austrians, who have been receiving the Italian antichrist!” And while this festival was being celebrated on the Hradisch, high mass was celebrated in the Col- Tegium Bohemicum at Rome, to whieh all Bohemi- ans and Austrians were invited; whereupon # deputation went to the Pope with a work on the Dive wundred years’ existence of the Prague bish- opric and five thousand francs o! Peter’s pence, for which His Holiness jater thanked the Archbishop r telegram, and urged the clergy and people of johemia to be steadiast in the faith and conquer. BOHEMIA'S ROME. Nowhere, indeed, can Kome look with greater gatisfaction than to Prague, whose medueval his- tory is a record of her triumphs, whose present condition is a record of her servants’ zeal. True, she has to tight with different weapons now, and Wallenstein no longer lives on the palace in the square to wield the ecclesiastical sword; but she fights as energetically and quite as successfully as ever. The history of the Bohemian bishops has been styied a history of the Popes en miniature. Though the Roman Church was for two centuries almost annihilated here, yet she conquered again, although she first attained her old pre-eminence “over mountains oi dead.” “The Jesuits were the Saviours of the Prague archbishopric during and alter the thirty years’ war; but the victorious march of the princes of the Church was over the Tains of cities and villages, over battie flelds and devastated lands, and Bohemia lost more than two-tnirds of her population, the dragoonades of the Liechtenstein riders fol- jowed, and a Protestant population was changed into one of pious Catholics.” So we read in an Austrian ral pel eden to-day. Yes, Prague's cathe- dral, the foundation stone of whose further exten- gion was laid yesterday, is rich in memories; its walls have echoed the sermons o/ Huss and have seen the white-decked communion table of the Calvinistic rites; but these events have become almost a legend—a forgotten legend—and a Protestant is as scarce in Bohemia as swaliows in winter. The Prince Archbishop can rejoice. Rome can rejoice too. Whether or pot Mother Church can lead the Czechian nation on in its development in the tuture, and place itin the tront rank of the European ni tions, 18 @ question Which the future alone can answer. In the evening again vast crowds of Ozechs stood in front of St. Wenzev’e statue and sang their hymns in his honor until lar into the night, Out of the city gates passed the thousands upon thousands of the peasants, men and women, boysand maidens, back to their simple homes, to dream for auother ear ol the glory of St. Wenzel’s festal day, and jong trains sped out of the depots, bearing thou- sands upon thousands of modern pilgrims back to their home in the big city on the Danube, where the King of Bohemia dwells uncrowned, ma. J. J. O KELLY. oi ee ae eae ef {From the American Register, Paris, Nov. 1.] Twe arrival in Europe of Mr. J.J. O'Kelly, the correspondent of the New YORK HERALD, whose visit to Cespedes and subsequent imprisonment in Cuba excited so much interest in the United States, recalls to our mind the history of a some- what adventurous life, James J. O'Kelly was born Jn Dublin in the year 1843, and was educated for the legal profession, the chief road to preferment and position in Ireland. Dry law studies were Not, however, much to his taste, so he abandoned the university, and, after some wandering on the Continent, returned to London, where for some years he divided his time between literary and art studies. Dissatisfied with lis progress in art he entered the French army, and took part in the campaigns against the Kabyles and in the uniortunate Mexican expedition. In the summer of 1866 he was surprised and made , devel by the troops of Canales, a notorious iexican guerilla, but was fortunate enough to find a iriend in one of the Mexican officers, who saved him from being shot and tacilitated his escape during the mgnt. Alter some very narrow escapes Mr. O'Kelly reached Texas, and, as the capture of Matamoros and the defeat of the Austrian and Imperial Mexican troops by the united republican bands under Escobedo had cut of all chance of rejoining the French army, he proceeded to New York. At that time political excitement ran very hich in Lreland, and, an ap- peal to arms being jlooked on as certain, Mr, O'Kelly returned to his native land, Resuming connection with the press he soon attracted the attention of the British wovernment by an out- spoken opposition to the arbitrary measures adopted by the Ministry to crush public opinion. Orders Were issued by the government for his ar- rest, but, though he remained constantly in the United Kingdom, he had the good furtune to es- cape falling into the hands of the authorities, The deieats sustained by the French army, and the danger of the Kepublic, induced Mr. O'Kelly to re- join the army during the Franco-Prussian war, and some time before the fall of Paris he was commis- sioned by the Government of National Defence to raise an Irish brigade. He was actually engaged in the embarkation of the men when the tail of Paris caused the recruiting to be suspended, and he was ordered back to France, On the proclama- tion of peace he retired from the army and be- came attached to the New YORK HERALD, and at the time of his departure for Cuba he occupied the osition of one of the editors of that paper, a post @ Will resume on his return to America, POLITICAL NOTES, Congress meets two weeks from to-day. November 2% the Shreveport (La.) district elects a Congressman, vice Peters, died of yellow fever; but the seat is claimed by E. C, Davidson under the Warmoth count of last year. ‘Texas elects a Governor and Legislature Decem- ber 2. Pennsylvania votes.on the proposed new consti- tution December 16, New Hampshire opens the ball for 1874 with the annual Marcn election. ‘The result in the Fifth Congressional district in Michigan is put out of doubt by the omctal count, which gives the election to Mr. William BE, Wils Uams, the republican candidate, by 175 majority. ‘The Milwaukee News says it is not worth while to Publish a list of members of the Legisiature because of contradictory reports from several districts. It iso" ‘uestion, however, whether the opposition ma, 7 is 18, 20 or 22. Say We Buffalo Kxpress (republican), referring to our recent State elections :— CARRY THE NEWS TO NICIIOLAS, ‘ority tor Hopkins (republican candidate for Con., roller) 8,000, and still growing. And it isn't much Of & year for Majorities, either. Tho Chattanooga Commercial is authorized to say that Colonel William B. Stokes intends to make # race for Congress noxt yoar,i0 that district, a8 an independent candidate, NEW ‘YORK HERALD, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 117, 1873.—TRIPLE SHEET DEPRESSED TRADE. General Anxiety of the Bread Winners of the Country. THE GREAT MANUFACTURING CENTRES, . Business in Connecticut, Maine, Ohio and Pennsylvania. MAINE. a A Slight Improvement in the Prospects of Shoe Manufacturers—Views of Em- ployers and Operatives on the Crisis. AUBURN, Noy. 14, 1873, Since my last letter from this city | have made a more extended examination of the shoe factories here and obtained much additional information of interest in this special crisis, One very notable , change in the Jast three days is the incoming of straggling orders for shoes and boots from South- ern and Western buyers, when manuiacturers had quite abandoned further expectations for the season. One manufactory john F, Cobb & Co,) had shut down altogether, and their help were be- ginning to scatter, when orders came in, and three or four days ago they started up again. Other manufaeturers were about closing out, and were started upina similar way. I have massed the aggregate shipments of the city for the week closing yesterday, and find them to be 1,018 cases, to 750 for the corresponding week last year. ‘That does not look like going to the funeral of the shoe business in New England in a hurry,” says one of the shoe men. It is quite likely, from present pros- pects, that the shoe factories will keep half their force running for two weeks longer. Tne past week’s business has been far better than was anu- cipated. In this connection it is significant to observe that the manufacturers begin to feel a slight let up in the money market. Mr. Jordan, of the firm of Little, Smith & Co., large boot manuiacturers, makes the following statement to your reporter :— “Up to last week collections were almost im- possible. Within the past three days we have been receiving enclosures, in small amounts, to be sure, from retailers with whom we deal all over New England. Now, these remittances are not on notes, but on running accounts, and it seems tome that the resumption of such payments in- dicates a let-up in money o> @ tendency that way. People pay notes vefore they touch ledger liabili- ties, and it seems that maturing paper is being met and the sediment is now going for the ledger score.” As the conversation proceeds the firm’s mail 18 being opened before us, and there 18 ocular proof that the premises of the argument are cor- rect. A HOPEFUL VIEW. Interviewing a heavy boot manufacturer (Messrs, J.C. Lombard & Co.), your correspondent finds him very serene :— “Pm running full time,” says he, “and have been all the season. I find collections slow, but other than that my sales and business have been A No.1, But my trade is largely State of Maine trade, and that hasn’t been affected very seriously by the panic.” “What do you think of the prospect ahead?’ asked the reporter, “Well (says Mr. Lombard), 1 tell’em as long as babies are born barefooted and it’s fashionabie to wear ’em (shoes), the shoe business must be good.” One of the manufacturers, Mr. Crafts, of the firm M. Crafts & Co., doing a heavy Southern and West- ern trade, says :— I haven't had many orders countermanded. One Southern buyer, however, wrote me thus: “You needn’t send my order further than already filled. Those good times promised under Grant didn’t come and I sian’t want them.” This all the way from Petersburg, Va. THE BANKS ORITICISED. A firm oftanners (Messrs. Miller, Randall & Co.) state that they are about shutting down to repair boilers; but that the demand for their goods, es- pecially for harness leather, has been good, Of the panic net 4 Say they’ll be satisfied if it will only teach the banks that their best policy is to wait on business men instead of stock speculators, “If that had been the policy of the banks we shouldn't have had this crisis,” says Mr. Randall. Getting into a group of shoe workmen just now, one may gather not a little information of inter- est, The are remarkably good-natured for men lying on their oars and facing the irigidity of a Maine winter. Singling out a workman who has been @ prominent labor reform champion, your reporter asked :— on to blame for the present situation of things ? “Ifyou want me to talk politics I can answer.” “No, notuing of that sort; but do you blame the ulacturers {7 No. Idon’t think monopolies have caused this trouble, and I feel there’s something wrong, Rail- roads and big corporations are working to crowd down the prices of labor and get a big profit. In the shoe business labor ts cheap; but I don’t blame manulacturers so much. It is a war between themselves, as I look at it, and one wants to sell gouds cheaper than another.’’ “How is it here??? “Well, | think manufacturers are doing as well agstheycan, I never have been obliged to loaf a day at the shoe business, but the majority of work- men are idle three months a year.”’ “How is it? Are these the best workmen?” “No; the best workmen don’t have to lay offa great deal. I should judge that shoemakers here earn $10 50 a week on an average, and I suppose girls average $8 a week. Those that work out of the stiop get less,” ed much can @ sober shoemaker lay up in @ ear “Not over $100. Some lay up $400 or $500; others have to live irom hand to mouth. I think a farmer in Maine lays up about $100 @ year and @ shoemaker about the same on the average, As for me I can earn $4 50aday. Men running ‘teams’ on sewed work earn from $3 to $8 @ day. I’ve run ‘teams’ when I earned $8 a day. Prices of pegged work are ha down pretty fine and they can’t earn so much. “What about the Crispins?” asks the reporter, “The Crispins here have given up their organiza- tion, It got into bad hands, and was run into the ground. 1 believe the Crispin organization, if it had kept out of strikes, was allright. Demand ts what makes prices, and keeping apprentices tended to poor work and cheap pay. ‘The Crispin policy would have given good workmen better work and better wages.” “What is (he prospect jor the winter among the workmen?” “I think @ majority of them will be pressed, un- less business should start up. A great many of ’em haven't been alookin’ for this time, and have lived a little taster than they ought. They talk as though 'twould last all winter, but I don’t believe it. should judge that last fall at this time our slop was as nt pe ‘ stato “Then you think the laboring man don’t share of the profits?’ . idan es; I think labor generally is crowded. I don’t think it’s specially burdensome in our line, but IL think the producer has a harder time than the distributor, I don’t think our farmers have their share; the grocer gets more than his.’’ “WHAT'S THE REMEDY?” reporter. ‘8 just what I was & comin’ to,” replies the workman. “The remedy is co-operation, We tried to get up a co-operative factory here, and the men could easily have got together $30,000, but some of them had their pay raised and the thing blew over. I say co-operation will get up a better class of work. Everybody will be interested and good work will sell when it gets into tne market,’’ “| suppose you think Grant is responsible for this panic ?’ insinuates the reporter. “We Won't look at it a8 politics, I think for one thing it’s the result of looking to specie. That's the basis I want to see things on. Idon’t care to handle silver, but | waut @ greenback to be worth silver and gold.’ “What is the feeling between manufacturers and workmen #"" “There's too much war; as little here as any place I's ever in, and one man pays ten cents a pair for finishing, another six cents, and the workmen get up acry against the manufacturer, often withou, cause, hot thinking that it’s different classes of work that receive the different prices," “Whatis to be done, now that labor is plentier than capital ?’ asks the renorter, “We must do the best we can, Labor has been scarce since '67. Then [ couldn't get over five snil- lings, or $1, per day; now I can get $4 60, I don’t do any more Work now than then, but machiner, has been introduced, and workmen tp to the mark In handling it get vig pay. Ten years ago I got 40 cents a pair for bottoming, and 10 cents tor 10W prices are 50 per cent less, but I jouble the pay 1 did then on account of machinery.” “Shen you don’t belleve {0 mobbing machinery?" “No, I don't. The Crispins, two years ago, Wouldn't consdnt to have an edge-setting machine put into a shop, fearing tt would reduce the de- mand or price of Iabor; and now they are giad enough to see the machine.”’ "Do you think the profits of manufacturers too large?” “Not especially for the past year, but there havo been tithes when they have rolled money into their pockets with a rush, Why, 19 yeare ago this Wigter the heaviest shoe Manusacturer ju vais City, mi asks oT Who now employs so men and women, worked for | me at seven shilling a day. some profits somewhere.” Further interviews with workmen show that gen- erally ‘hey are hopeful and cheerful, ‘The fact that usually at thus time work is dull reconciles them more readily to the situation. Many of them are going to their will return, a8 they anticipate, the last of Decem- ber to resifme work. A VOLUNTEER INTERVIEW. Passing along the street a workman runs along and overtakes the writer. “I hear you aie & NEW YORK HERALD correspond- . . Can you shed any Instre on the financia: situation through the HeRaLp! asks the reporter. “Weil,” replies the shoemaker—for snch he ap- ears to be—‘‘l don’t want you to make this story lack, I tell you—and | khow what I’m talking about too—there was never so much money in the hands of the working men and women in this vicinity a8 now. They've hardly spent @ dollar since the panic began, and they are not in a bad state. I think we're going to have work again in a lew weeks, People dun’t consider that sn0e manufacturers generally haul in their horns every year about this time.’” CONNECTICUT, Feetory Production Reduced Fifty Per ent in the Eastern Part of the State— Along the Oxoboxo River. KILLINGLY, Nov. 15, 1873, The effect of the panic throughout this county of Windham is more severely felt than in any other section of the State. There is a large distribution of industries, and some of the mills are of consider- able size and importance. Cotton forms the chief staple of manulacture. The foreign element among the operative class is not so considerable as in the western part of the State, where it is fully fifty per cent, The foreigners have less fore- thought and frugality than the natives, and, in con- sequence, suffer more in hard times like these, for which they are unprepared, In this town there i8 guite a number of cotcon ana woollen mills, all of which are suilering from the general depression. The Valley Mull, the Oriental, the Albion, the cot- ton mill of Thomas Pray, Jr.; the Elliotville cotton mill, employing 350 hands, and three smaller woollen milis are ali running on reduced time, and in some cases with reduced help and wages. The The Wwllamsville Cotton Company, employing over 200 hands, are on halitime. The Whitestone Company, fine sneeting, employing 110 hands, are on half time, and also the Atawaugan mills, At Danielsonville R. 8S. Lathrop, manufacturer of weavers’ reeds, has discharged more than half of his hands, and is running five days a week. Young & Co., shoe manufacturers, employing 75 hands, intend to close in a few days for a period of tem- porary repose. The Quinebaug Company, owning two mills and employing 600 hands in the manufac- ture of sheetings, shirtings and calicoes, are ran- ning on {ull time. ‘hey have @ contract with the Merrimac Print Works which will keep them em- ployed ail through the winter. Leavens, maker of Joom harness, has 40 help at three-quarters time. The Danielsonville Company, employing 200 hands in the making of print cloths, are running on three- quarters time, IN NEW LONDON COUNTY the stagnation outside of Norwich and its vicinity is jound to be pretty uniformly dispersed, and the operatives, with jew exceptions, realize it in a re- duction of their wages aud of their hours of labor, Down at wlystic a good many are out of work, The Sanborn Machine shop discharged 50 hands, and 18 now working on half time. The Lantern Hiil Silex Company employs 20 hands, and has reduced their wages. There are several Wagon shops, besides a box factory and a planing mull, which employ a limited number of hands, and are just “scratching along” for the present. The Oceanic Mill Company did have nearly 200 hands, but bas now only 100, It makes iancy cassimeres and works for three days one week and lour days the next. The Green- manvilte Manufacturing Company and Taylor's woollen mill are running full time with a slight reduction of help, ALONG THE OXOBOXO RIVER & good many factories are situated, none of them, however, large. Ali of them have reduced their time, ana, in some cases, the number and wages oi their help. Schoficid’s woollen, Vincent’s wool- len, the Pequot, the Thames woollen and the Hurl- burt cotton batting mills are running lightly and economizing in every direction. Johnsen’s dye- wood miil, employing @ small force, is working full; the Uncasville Manufacturin, ompany, employ- ing 130 operatives, is on bali time. ‘Thus it may be seen that the two counties af astern Connecticut, New London and Windham, are feeling the panic wo some extent; yet I fail to find any of that Iright about the future or the consequences of the pres- ent that many people would suppose to prevail in manulacturing districts. There 1s a sanguine hope- juiness of better times being near at hand which is certainly not assumed; and when the great ma- jority are of this mind it is safe to coincide in their impressions. Bi NEW YORK. An Industrious Community—Enormous Manufacture of Gloves—Work Stopped— No Suffering Apprehended. GLOVERSVILLE, Fulton County, Nov. 15, 1873. The township of Jounstown, containing the three villages of Johnstown, Gloversville and Kingsborough, is the seat of a branch of industry which, in its nature and extent, is unique in this country. The inhabitants number, in Johnstown 4,500; Gloversville, 7,000, and Kingsborough 500, making a total of 12,000, out of which over 5,000 form the working force, being probably as large a proportion o/ the latter class as isto be found in the United States. With the exception of about 20 men, engaged in the building of church organs, the sole manufacture carried on here is that of gloves. Quebec, Galveston, New York, Chicago, Salt Lake, San Francisco, and almost every inter- mediate city of the whole Continent hence derive supplies of these useful and ornamental articles ot wear. MATERIALS USED. Strange at it may appear, none of the materials or accessories to the business followed are pro- duced here, This is the more extraordinary when taken in connection with the absence of any special facilities which might be supposed to exist in aid of the manufacture, Here 650,000 deer skins and 200,000 kid skins, of which three-fourths are imported, are consumed every year, Most of the sewing thread is brought from Scotland, the “tirettes” or fastening hooks—which so admirably show off the contour of @ lady’s wrist as she daintily adjusts her glove—come from France, while the ornamental paper bands which enclose the gloves come trom England and France. Con- siderable numbers of fur bearing skins are used in the trimming and finishing of the higher class of goods, while lamb skin, and an excellent imita- tion of it in woollen fabric, are brought into use for more substantial articles, The enormous number of 1,250 dozens of gloves are made here daily, and considering the number of littie factories, filled with their busy workers, this 18 not to be wondered at. A person wishing a pair of gloves made to measure can have them made and finished complete in less than an hour. though in that time the materials should pass through ac least ten diferent hands. To supply suitabie envelopes for this immense production of eee five factories, employing about 60 men, exist ere also. ALL WORK STOPPED. Owing to peculiarities and influences from which no industry 18 wholly tree, “the running time” has at all times here been but 10 months—November and December being the period in which “making up” is suspended—and thus within the past 10 days all the factories have stopped, But far ditfer- ent is the effect of this expected to be from that produced in many a manuiacturing centre, where the same process has been resorted to, owing to widely differing causes. The wages earned during the “rauning time” are so good that no dificuity atany time has arisen in the hands iaying up a store for their use when the work ceases. Cutters earn from $3 to $3 50 per day, laborers $2 per day and sewing girls $7 to $10 per week, the latter working for eleven months gener- ally, ‘All classes are paid by piecework, and there- fore in many instances the earnings of skilful hands are much beyond these figures. No apprehension whatever exists as to the possl- bility of want affecting any one around here. The Spocarnnce of the streets bears maniiest evidence of the great prosperity of the inhabitants, In Gloversville are seven churches, two banks and a variety of well stocked stores in which every arti- cle of domestic use is to be had at moderate prices, The season just closed has been the best and most lucrative one for the past 15 years, and the resulta can be recognized in the happy and contented appearance of ail whom one meets here. A short line of ratiroad, eight miles ia length, con- nects the ‘ Ove capital” with Fonda, on the New York Central line. While, to afford further facility of communication between the three busy hives of glove making, @ horse railroad company wa: Jew days ago jormed, and the whole of the stock in it was subscribed for and recorded in two Cay The pantie and all the nameless disasters which follow in ita trail are here @ mere matter of rumor. Or, more properly, as its existence is not doubted, it is recognized ta the je Manner 48 persons On a prairie be ome aware of distant thunder, by very indistinct sounds reaching their ears at intervals, Avery large trade existed between here and San Francisco until about two years ago, when the manu/acture of gloves was started at Sam José, the workmen being principally Chinese, AN RAKLY RESUMPTION EXPECTED. The preparation of materials for the spring trade is being actively carried on. Along the line of Falway aud for miles around Jobnstown aud homes to spend Thanksgiving, and | | Sands of skins bieaching and drying. 8, around which may be seen countless thor Few ol the | workers ever leave, as they nearly all own the houses they live im, and are sure of work when the orders for the goods needed come in, as they | always do about Christmas. PENNSYLVANIA. a agnation of Trade and Suffering Among Laborers—Glass Factories Stopped—No Resumption Probable Before January. PrrrssuRG. Nov. 14, 1873, One of the most absurd statements ever im- Pressed in printer's ink appeared tn an Eustern paper a few days since, in a correspondence from this city, which was to the effect that provably less than 10,000 men were out of employment in Pitts- burg, and that there was comparatively little or no depression in the manufacturing industries of the city and no cause for uneasiness among the work- ingmen. There is no ne@essity whatever for an ex- aggeration of the effects of the present crisis, and still leas for making light of a truly serious matter by misrepresentations. There is nothing to be gained by A CONCEALMENT OF THE TRUTH in matters of such grasa import as this, Facts in Gloversville there are some hundred establish- | commission, Mere must nave been | me ‘That is the thing In @ nutshell, and | it is tne best means of showing how the loss must | i connection with the situation as it exists now, | may not be pleasant reading and may not be irult- Tul of benefits to the interests of the city, never- theless that is no reason for withholding them irom the public, When I say there is great depression here in the manufacturing industries and in busi- ness generally, that there are thousands of work- ingmen out of employment, and that there ts suffer- ing among the families of such, I state truths sub- stantiated through careful inquiry into the matter in question, and from personal observation. Yesterday and the day before it had their dreary quota of banking failures, or what is usually termed by the officials @f such concerns “temporary suspensions.” The collapse of these money depositories of course had not a tendency to dissipate any part of the gloom hanging over the manufacturers’ interests or to cause business men to brighten up and look hope- fully for @ revival of trade. AMONG THE GLASS MANUFACTURERS, I paid a visit to the glass manufacturers om the south side this afternoon, There are some 20 giass jactories in this part of the city, most of which are running. In these factories are em- ployed about 4,000 men and boys, and the sum total of their wages amounts in one week to about $45,000. I found at the McKee glass house about 60 or 75 men on a strike, owing to a reduction o' 10 per cent in their wages, There are many men in the works who earned regularly $25 ana from that to only $5 each week. On this class of workmen the employers wished to make a reduc- tion of wages, which was resisted. ‘1 won’t touch the earnings 0! any of the laborers in my empioy,’’ said Mr, Kee to me, “for I know weli enuugh that no man can live on less than $2 a day, but on skilled labor we are obliged to make a reduc- tion to maintain our trade in the Boston and New York markets, It is omy with this class of men, high priced labor, we have trouble. ‘Those Who ware earning @ lesser amount each week would ave QUIETLY SUBMITTED TO THE REDUCTION had we made it, There is no money whatever for the employers in the glass business this winter, and oniy to save our men the suffering that would follow an entire suspension Of operavions Lave we consented to go on, With the reduction of 10 per cent in wages we feel condvent of running ali winter. “Do all the manufacturers propose @ reduction in the wages Ol their empioyés 1” “Yo; beiore the close ol another week every factory on this side of the river will cut down the wages Ol theirmen, Itcan’t be avoided. Tuere is @ general complaint of the scarcity 0: orders, and this, togetuer with the scarcity of currency, ren- ders the situation of the glass men apyibing Yuba cheeriul or hopeiul one,” Another manuiacturer said to me that the com- plaint o! a scarcity of orders was general, and if Matters continued in this way for a much longer period the factories would be compelled to close ‘up entirely, a state of affairs that ne hoped would be avoided in some mauner. Not oniy 01 a scarcity of orders were they complaining, but aiso tue great number of unpaid accounts they pave stand- ing on their books, A great nugiver o1 these accounts could easily be paid, as agreat many of the debtors are in condition to liquidate them at any time; but, on account of the stringency in money matters, tuey will not allow a penny to pass out of their possession into general circulation if they can possibly avoid it. A TALK WITH MR, JOHN KING. I went over then to the extensive window glass concern of William McCully & Co, and found Joun King, the junior partner, 10 his private office. Mr. King is a little, round man, with a pleasant, rubi- cund face, and he was a8 courteous and polite as adiplomat, I ask2d him what ne thougnt of the winvow glass trade and if the future was bright or Otherwise. He shook his head to indicate that the situation was not promising, and then he com- menced on the old story, which seems to be the root of the present evil—to wit, high priced labor. “How many factories in and about Pittsburg are ones inthe manuiacture of window glass?” | asked. “fhere are forty, as we counted them the other day, employing from 900 to 1,000 men altogether, but not one o: these Jactories has been in opera- tion since last July, and they are not likely to re- sume operations for some time to come.’? “1 presume it is in consequence of an attempt to reduce the wages of your employés?”” “Precisely. Such a movement was brought about last July, when we stopped lor a brief season, in consequence of the very hot weather, to repair our turnaces, We found then that other manuiacturers, in New York and eisewhere, were working into our trade, for the reason that they manufactured a similar article and soid it for less than we were able to do. Thereupon we cuncluded to reduce the wages of our employés 15 percent, which they resisted and have stood out against ever since.” GLASSBLOWERS RICHLY REWARDED. “What amount of money does @ skilied glass- blower command /? “You will be astonished whenI tell you that some giassvlowers in ouremploy make $340 and $350 per month, and work but eight bours each day. These are superior workmen, but glassblow- ers will average $200 a month, and boys, called gatherers and flatteners, will earn irom $100 to $110 each month, Why, these men lived on the fat of the land, It was and is not an uncommon tuing for the wives of some of the men to call at the office and get $10 just for marketing on a market day, They buy everything of the best and live as nabobs a8 long as their money lasts. They did not actually know the value of money—at least that is the impression one got irom observ- ing the manner in which they squandered it. Wages have been entirely too high, so high indeed for the past two years that even With the advantages of a superior and cheap coai we have been unable to compete to any serious extent with kastern mapu- facturers of window glass.” NO WORK TILL JANUARY, “In view of a hard winter coming on do not workmen show a disposition to accept the re- duction and return to work 1” “[dare gay some of them would resume work now at @ reduction, while others would not, for you must know glassblowers are a very in- dependent set of workmen. But even if they would all return we could not give them work, for we will not resume operations, nor will any of the other window glass factories, until after the Ist of January. We are determined to hold of until there is a reduction in the price of coal and @ further reduction in all sorts of labor. We are not disposed to resume operations in view of the depression that exists at present, for we cannot see our way clear; and I may add that the strike of the glassblowers in July was a fortunate circumstance for the operatives, as it gave them an opportunity to work off all their old stock. At the present moment we have but a smali supply of the various sizes of glass; but, asthe demand is notover brisk, we are satisfied to continue as we are and run the stock entirely out, When that time arrives the future may look more auspicious than it does just now.” OHIO, Late Opening of the Pork Packing Sea- son—Increased Drafts Upon Public Charities, CINCINNATI, Nov. 13, 1873, The banks are discounting more freely this week and maturing paper is met more promptly; still money is tight, The pork interest is dominant at this time with very little doing, although the weather 18 favorable for packing and hogs plentv in the producing portions of the country. Chicago and St. Louis have been: wedging Cincinnati so closely in this trade of late that the utmost effort was required to maintain ground, but safety has characterized Cincinnati operations, and although Squeezed by the panic she ts to-day as sound as the new trade dollar, The famous frm of Bogen & Co., which made very extensive additions and tm. provements in their slaughtering aud packing establishment, is the only one that manifest pain at the pinching, but this is owing to the enormous expenditures involved in their improvements, which, however, will enable them to kill on commission, a good deal of which ‘will undoubtedly be done this season. Say that a hog dealer or producer has 2,000 head for market, He comes here expecting to sell; there is no money and the market is unsettled. He concludes to take al} the risk to himself rather than sell at a maczice, and has bis hogs killed and packed on fall at last upon the producer. I presume that to one Treading the papers on the fnancial condition, the tight times and the eonse- quent distress, it would appear that Cincinnati was sufferiny very much, and that the poor work- ing portiod of the population if on the threshold of starvation, Let us see. Our produce markets are very large Ohio is & granary. Kentucky pours its live stock through the gates of Cincinnati. Indiana | sends her iarm oroducts Heré, and all the food of an enormous circuit of @ highly productive country is handled here, The river, Which brings us nearly ail the coal we consume, has been at a good stage for navigation all the year, up to the present time, d there 1s a good stock of Coal on hand—plenty Of it, as a matter of fact. There are certain kinds of manufacture cut down in the winter season always, the days being short and the use of gas in- admissible on the score of expense, 80 that many yece? are thrown out of employment on that ac- onnt. These find various kinds of employment during the |a; se in their reguiar work, but it just Happens that In the tardiness of the packing season ove main resource is cut of, The half time work adopted during the panic throws a great many operatives onthe streets the latter half of each day, but it afforas them bread, and if they would onty ae § out of the beer saloons and keep their gmail change in their pockets there would pe no real suffering among them, Unfortu. aay they will not do tiis, and the small change inds its Way into the saloon keeper’s pockets, and great deai o: pinching ts feit in the homes of the working people, This is the only way in which the largely iucreased demand upon the organized charities of the city can be accounted for—a de- mana that exceeds that recorded any year during the past ten years, and proportionately larger than the worst year of the war. This demand arose first among the indigent and totally improvi- dent, and gradually extended to the most unskil'ul laborers, and thence upwards to the neglected families 0; operatives who became demoralized by the “half time” policy—or, rather, necossity—and who squancer their slender earnings in the beer shops and rum holes, Some ol the city papers have ealled for the establishment of soup houses ; but the prob. bility is that the public necessity is still a little too fastidious jor that means of preventing absolute ounger. Your needy city chap wants money, and, of course, the industrious and thrifty are bound to shell itout upon the demand of char- ity (”). Are they? Now I have endeavored to show at once tho actual condition and the causes producing it, and in spite of all the distress involved in the financial stringency I must conclude that there is not, nor has there been, any serious suffering on account of the hard times in this city up to the present writing. The coming on of winter must be looked at with the gravest apprehensions if there is not within the next two or three weeks 4 most decided loosen- ing up of affairs financial; but “suillcient unto the day 18 the evil thereof.” THE CRISIS ELSEWHERE, ANOTHER INTEREST NOT AFFECTED. Hog killing and pork packing in the West have not been touched by the panic. The usual number of hands and hogs are in all the yards, ANUTHER RESUMPTION. The Branford (Conn.) Lock Works resumed operations last Monday. WORK FOR THE WINTER. The lumbermen of Wisconsin, determined not to be idle during the winter, are forming pands to go into the forests and take the chances lor a spring trade. TOUCHED BOTTOM. It is now a pretty well established and admitted fact that the panic has done its worst, and from this time onward the manufacturing interests of the country, which have been the most seriously affected, will work slowly, perhaps, but surely, into their former prosperous positions, MUSIC HATH CHARMS TO QUELL THE PANIC. The Prescott Organ Company’s works in Con- cord, N. H., are still running upon full time and with no reduction in the number of men em- ployed. STRIKERS COME TO TERMS, The Vermont Mills, at North Bennington, are again running on full time, the strikers having agreed to accept the reduction of 20 per cent on wages. LOW PRICED FABRICS. The Fall River (Mass.) Journal says:—Printing cloths continue dull, with few sales reported, and quotations remain at 5c, a 5c. for 64x64, stand- ards and eXtra; but cash buyers can fill orders at AKC. & 470. CLOSING UP. Orders were received at Newcastle, N. H., to discharge on tue 15th all the men, abandon the works at Jaffrey’s Point, and also at Gerrish’s Island .or the rest of the year. REPUCTION OF HOURS IN RAILROAD SHOPS. The Malune (N. Y.) Palladium ny igh at the railroad shops in this village has been reduced to nine hours, which is, of course, equivalent to a reduction of 10 per cent of the wages of the men, IRON WORKS IN MASSACHUSETTS. ‘The Franconia Iron Works, at Wareham, are not running. itis whispered that they may start up again soon, on the principle that nalf a loaf is bet- ter than none, The report is current also, that tne Nail Works will adopt like measures, NO PANIC, NO SUSPENSION. The Fishkill Landing Mactine Works, situated near the depot at Fishkill Landing, on the Huason River, have not thus lar been affected by the panic | and are now running along with a full complement oi hands, They employ about 100 men. ‘here bas not been any reduction either in the time or wages of the employés, nor is it probable that there will be. CONDITION OF THE MANUFACTORIES AT WORCESTER, MASS. The Worcester Gazette has sent a reporter through all the manulactories (40 in number) in that city, who reports that the situation 18 not nearly s0 bad as mught be expected, and in some respects has ratner improved in the last three weeks. There wili be an unusual number of men out of work this winter, undoubtedly, but mauulacturing is not going to stop altogether, nor are the great mass of workmen, 80 lar as at present can be foreseen, likely to be entirely id! Certain kinds of business are depressed more t others, but many con- cerns are running only at asmail lessening of the hours of labor, while some are lucky enough to have plenty of work. BUSINESS DULL AT WHITEHALL, N, Y. The Whitehall transportation line have tied up two steamers and about half a dozen canal boats, ‘The Northern transportation iine have dismissed several boats for the season. Shipments of ore have fallen off greatly. Lumber firms complain of dull times. The number of hands employed in the factories of N., H. Ames & Co. and Hoyt & Hall bave been reduced, The business outlook is very dis+ couraging. THE IRON WORKS AT TROY, N. Y. The prospects are beginning to brighten some- what at the Iron Works, and itis expected that Corning & Co.’s works will recommence operations on Monday. The schedule of prices of this frm has been submitted to the men, and shows a re- duction of 20 per cent. In accordance with this rednction the paddiers will get $4 kell e ton, one-third of which goes to the helpers, aud the la- borers, who have been getting $150 per day will get $137, The puddlers held a meeting on Friday morning to take action in relation to the seduc- tion, It was decided that the terms of the em- ployers will be accepted, and that work will be resumed Monday ngit. The talk about resump- tion of work at Burden’s steam mill on the flats does not seem to amount to anything, as all action of the puddiers has fallen through. A reduction of five per cent will soon be made in the Rensselaer works again, which will bring the puddlers’ wages down to $480. The offer of $480 @ ton has been made to the puddiers in the old mill at the Rensselaer works, but it is not known whether or not the offer will be accepted. OPERATIONS AT COHOES, N. Y. ‘The work of cleaning the various supply canals and repairing the weirs, rates, &c,, that are neces: sary for an equal distribution of the water power, has been completed, The water was let into the levels on Saturday, and this morning most of the manufacturing establishments will begin to oper- ate again, The stoppage thus far has not been se- riously jeit, All classes have understood the neces- sities of the case, and have been willing to confide in the wisdom of their employer The Harmony mulls, the mainspring of all the manufacturing in- teresta of the city, will not start to-day. Business men are satisfied that the panic has “struck bot- tom,” and that the pressure will diminish rapidly, until everything is steady again. MANUFACTORIES AT NEW BRITAIN, CONN. The condition of the various manulacturing es- tablishments in New Britain ts as follows:—Lan- ders, Frary & Clark, who employ about 800 men, wil Fan oi full time as soon as repairs are com- pleted, Russell & Erwin are running on three-quarter time with 600 men. ‘The Stanley works are running on three-quarter ‘tim ith 250 hands, The Stanley Rule and Level Company are run- ning on half time wita 250 hands. Union Hardware Works, haif time with 100 ands, North & Judd Manufacturing Company, " ignccie ig Company, half time, Taylor Manufacturing Company, 50 hands, half time. Judd & Blakesley, half time, 50 hands. Humason & Beckley Manufacturing Company, half time, 100 hands. Edward Doane, three-quarter time, 15 hands. Malleable Iron Works, full time, 50 hands. Pad Britain Kniting Company, full time, 300 ands, American Hosiery Company, full time, 300 hands. New Britain White Lead Company, full time, 30 hands, New Bnitain Banklock Company, half time, 30 ands, Churchill, Lewis & Co, Jewelry manufacturers, 60 bands ou half time. ‘American Basket Company, 25 hands, rull time, National Wire Matuess Company, three-quarter 7 time, 26 hands. New Britain Rubver Company, 20 hands, three- quarter time, | Olinda (Pernambuco). Church and State Still in Conflict~The of Pernambuco, the Free Masons aud the Crown—Executive Preparation for the Prosecution of the Eeclesiastic— Treaty Making and — Slavery and Immorality. Rio JANEIRO, Oct. 4, 187R ‘The imperial government has at length moved against the bishops, and has ordered the prosecu. tion, before the Supreme Court, of the Bishop of The following is a transla- tion of the “working” paragraphs of SYATE DOCUMENT, which has some importance at the present june tur Stk—By the annexed documents you will perceive that the Rev. Bishop of Olinda has refused to obey the decision by which, on the appeal to the Crown taken by the iraternity of the Most Holy Sacrament of the Chureh ot St. Anthony of Recipe, relief was conceded from the unjust sentence of interdiction: pronounced against it tor the sole reason that some of its members were Free Masons. And further, to display his refusal, he went on to incite the priests to disobey the imperial eovernment, menacing them with suspeusion ex conscientia, of which one who merely hesitated was at once made the victim. By theso and by other acte, each rasher than the other, the Rev. Bishop has manifested the firm purpose to go counter to the laws of the State, both by himselt and the clergy of his diocese, thus ignormg the competency of the temporal power in matters long admitted and observed by Catholic nations and especially laid down in our legislation. Though the brotherhoods may be considered institutions whose principal end is an ecclesiastical matter, they have at the same time temporal purposes; they coustitute juridical entities susceptible of rights and obligations whicn place them in direct relation with the civil authorities, to whom they render accounts of their administration and consequently of their mission. Thence it comes that their engage~ ments depend upon the sanction of the temporal power and on the approval of the ecclesiastical one, acquiring, thereby, an unquestionably mixed na~ ture, and having therefore an obligatory force both in the internal and the external form, 60 long ag they are not altered or revoked by the same legal rocess ag that by which they were constituted. otwithstanding this, the Rev. Bishop of Olinda thought that of his own exclusive authority he could abruptly order the expulsion of membesa from the brotherhoods, for motives foreign to said engagements, and launch a general, personal and local interdict upon the ole corporation, thus overruling natural and ecclesiastical right, gol outside the laws of procedure, ignoring personal citation, suppressing the defence found in their pleas, striking both the innocent and the guilty, and lastly, interrupting the functions of worshi) the point of almost tliat itary | it in the religious capital of Pernambuco, for few brotherhoods ef caped the enormous weight of mterdiction. sy an immemorial right, fixed by several legislae tive decisions and maintained by decree 1,911 of March 28, 1857, appeal to the Crown is alowed in cases of usurpation of jurisdiction and temporal power, through any censures upon civil public em- ployés because of their office, and for notorious violence in the exercise of the spiritual jurisdic- tion and power overriding natura: law or the re~ ceived canons, Such is the legislation of our coun- try, which up to now had not been treated with disrespect by any Brazilian prelate. In accordance with it, appeal was taken to the Crown by one of the interdicted brotherhoods. peachy the procedare of the Rey. Bishop was manifestly ex- orbitant and provocative of disturbance, for it imported nothing short of the frightening and dis- quieting of conscience by surprise, the entire abandoning of the rules of prudence and charity recommended by the Church, and absence of the due respect to the obligation of civil precepts which are certainly binding on conscience, Under these circumstances the imperial govern- ment could not avoid coming to tue relief of in- Jured citizens, using @ sovereign right against @ plain and clamorous violence. It therefore con- ceded the relief sought, and commanded, in the most respectiul terms, by order of June 12, that the effects of the interdiction be annuiled, With- out turther reflection, and in place of obeying the imperial government, the Rev. Bishop of Ulinda not only has denied the legitimate authority of the civil power, but has even repeated the acts de- clared abusive and violent, and, im unusual lan- guage unoefitting his sacred ministry, has inti- mated to the imperial government his formal diso- bedience, judging it completely justifiea by a re- cent pontifical brief which he ha pro- voked be his informations and which he at once had published, without dependence on, or rather with misprision of the blond beneplaci- tum. In any case, within the KE empire, a8 in all Catholic countries respected by tue Holy See, the placet is unquestionabiy @ sovereign right, and at the same time a condition of harmony between the two civil and ecclesiastical powers which, though distinct in their ministries, neither are wor may ha antagonistic; they should identify themselves in the thought of the common good, without contu- sion, and aid one another without loss of their re- spective autonomy. In forgetfulness of his daties fs a subject the reverend Bishop has resisted and continues to resist the lawiul decisions of the im- perial government, and, as a prelate. has shown excessive rigor toward the sheep of his sold, pro» voking them perhaps to a schism, which could not be in the religious intent of Brazilians, By these deplorable acts, which have already borne direful fruits in Pernambuco, and which \ureaten the public order with serious disturb- ances should the reverend Bishop not be restrained, he has incurred the action of the penal laws an should answer before the Supreme Tribunal of Justice. And His Majesty the Emperor, concording with the report of the majorivy of the full Council o State, is pleased to command Your Excellency to promote the accusation of the Rey. Bishop of Olinda, Dom Fret Vital Goncalves de Oliveira, as is of right and as 1s reclaimed by the interest of the State, God keep Your Excellency. JOHN ALFREDO CORREA DE OLIVEIRA, To the Procurator of the Crown, Finance and Na- tional Sovereignty. The Minister of the Empire, whose name ap- pears as signer of the order, isa nephew of the Bishop of Olinda. CITIZEN OPINION. The general opinion is that the Supreme Court will acquit the Bishop of Olinda, for immense pres- sure will be exercisea upon them. TREATY-MAKING AND LAW, The Brazilian government has ratified and pro- mulgated an extradition treaty with Belgium. By a special protocol itis provided that the penalty of death shall in no case be carried into effect in any case under the extradition treaty. Brazil has. now treaties of extradition with France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Beigium, Great Britain and the La Plata States, the only ones of any importance re- maining undone being the United States and Ger- many. Last week the police made raids on many private gambling houses and captured @ considerable number of persons occupied in card playing. Many of these were persons of “distinction ;’ and, as it was not convenient: to prosecute them, all were released. ‘The Court of Relation has discharged the indict- ment of the Vereadores (city fathers) of Rio, who were suspended by the Minister of Agriculture and ordered to be prosecuted for disobedience to bis orders. The Court he!d that only the Minister of the Empire has such power, BLAVERY. ‘The Supreme Court has decided that owners of slaves canuot be deprived of the slaves they force to become prostitutes. This decision reduces to slavery many unfortunate girls whom the police sequestered two years ago and obtained liberty for by suits in the Court of Orphans. By law no costs can be recovered against the protectors of siaves in suits for liberty—so the owners are se- verely mulcted, despite their victory. WHERE IS LIVINGSTONE? m of the Royal Geographical So- clety. [From the London Globe, Oct. 4.] The session of the Royal Geographical Society commenced last night, a large and brilliant assem- blage being present. Sir Bartle Frere presided, and Mr. Goschen, M. P., Lord Houghton, Sir HR Rawlinson and Sir Rutherford Alcock were among the audience, The President referred to the illness of Sir 8, Baker, and read a letter from Sir Samuel, written before his illness, in which he sald :—“The geographical part of my expedition has been meagre, as I have been s0 entirely engaged in es- tablisning the government throughout the large territory annexed, Tho suppression of the slave trade, sometimes by force, at other times by diplomacy, has been an arduous and tuankless task in Egypt. This was the chicf object of the expedition; the geographical reports respecting @ cor@munication between the lakes were to me Of great interest. There can be no doubt that Livingstone is quite ont of the Nile basin, as there is not & single large tributary from the west throughout the entire of the Nila” It was hoped that the distinguished traveller would, attend the meeting on the 8th of December, and the Prince of Wales had intimated his desire to be present on the occasion. In his opening address the President referred to the letter recently pub- lished in the Times with reference to the imprisoa~ ment of Livingstone, and said that the ransom had already been a, but Dr. Livingstone’s friends wore not disposed to trust entirely to the account without further information, Mr, Clements Mark- ham, C, B,, @ paper on the “Discoveries of the Polaris,” and in the discussions which ensued It was urged that tf the government would not send ont farther expeditious a voluntary effort should be made, hot Admiral Sherard Osborn expressed his opposition to this view.