The New York Herald Newspaper, April 19, 1873, Page 4

« 4 NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, APRIL, 19, 1873—TRIPLE SHEET. ~ SEWARD’S MEMORY. —>__—— Impressive Services Under the Aus- pices of the State Legislature. ALBANY IN MOURNING. _An Imposing Procession of New ¥ork’s Dignitaries. “Brilliant Scene in the North Reformed ~», . Dutch Church at Albany. —e——— A Great Andience Attest the Solemnity of the Dead Statesman’s Memorial. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS’ ORATION. A Splendid Eulogy on the Life and Services of Wm. H. Seward. “He Did Not Save the State Alone; He Saved the Nation.” MUSIC, PRAYER AND PATRIOTISM ALBANY, April 18, 1873. The memorial services in honor of the late ‘Willlam H. Seward teok place to-day. The occa- sion was observed as one of great solemnity by the tate authorities and as a day of mourning by the people generally. It was feared the night [previous that the rain storm which had raged #@e furiously all night might seriously inter- Were, if it centinued during the day, with the arrangements made by the Legislature; but although the sky was overcast the weather was quite pleasant. The programme originally fixed pon was, therefere, carried out faithfully to the end. Flags were displayed at half-mast on all the hotels and public bnildings, and many private ‘Fesidences were draped in mourning. ll the church bells were tolled during an hour preceding the beginning of the services, which fact of itself aent additional solemnity to the eccasion. THE TWO HOUSES OF THE LEGISLATURE assembled in their respective chambers at half- past nine o’clock. The procession to the church— each member and officer wearing a badge of ™mourning—started abeut halfan hour afterwards. The route was dewn State street, through East Pearl tothe church. The sidewalks along the line of march were crowded with spectators. The fol- lowing was THE ORDER OF THE PROCESSION: Platoon of Police. Governor and Staff. Lieutenant pa pt a Speaker. e Senate. Clerks of the Senate ona Assembly. ie Assembly. Jadges of Coutt aud Commusive ct Appesis and oth Ss ‘ourt ant Commission 0! ppeals and other Judicial Officers. State Officers. The Mayor, Recerder and Common Council. Invited Guests, Members of the Press. Officers of the Senate and Assembly. THE CHURCH WAS REACHED at half-past ten o’clock, and, thanks to the excellent arrangements of the joint committee, under the directions of Senator Perrf and Assemblyman Clapp, it took but a few minutes to seat everybody comfortably. Although there were nearly two thousand persons present there was no crushing or confusion, and the best of order prevailed throughout. The Legislature and the invited guests occupied the body of the church and the galleries were reserved especially for the friends of the members of doth houses and were occupied principally by ladies, The Governor, the Lieuten- ant Governor, the Speaker, the Right Rev. Bishop Cox and the pastor of the church, the Rey. Dr. Olarke, and Charies Francis Adams, the orator of tne day, had seats on the platform. THE MUSICAL PART OF THE CEREMONIES ‘was under the direction of Professor J. R. Thomas, George W. Morgan presiding at the organ. After the organ introductory, “How sleep'the brave,” by Rooke, “was beautifully rendered by the quartet composed of J. R. Thomas, Wm. McDonald, H. R. Humphreys, W. H. Davis, alifrom New York. This ‘was followed by prayer by the Rev. Mr. Clarke. The “Dead March from Saul’ was then given (organ solo) by Mr. Morgan, after which the Clerk of the Senate read the memoria | resolutions of the Legis- jature. “The Trumpets Shall Sound” (solo) was then sung by Mr. Thomas. At the close of the solo GOVERNOR DIX CAME FORWARD, and, after briefy referring to the fact that a quarter of a century ago, in the very church in ‘which the Legisiature was then assembled, Mr. Seward had delivered memerial oration on John Quincy Adams, the father of the distinguished gentleman who had been called upon to deliver ‘the memerial oration on Mr. Seward, introduced Mr. Adams. The latter immediately arose, and amid the profoundest attention began his oration. We said:— Mr. Adams’ Oration. FELLOW CITIZENS OF THE SENATE AND ASSEMBLY oF New Yorx—You have honored me by an invi- tatien to perform a duty, from the difficulty of which I shrink the closer I approach it. It is in one of the familiar dialogues reported by the philosopher Plato a8 having been held by Socrates with his disciples that the question is gravely pre- sented whether such a union be possible in one and the same individual as that of @ philosopher and a statesman. What this combination means is admirbly ren- dered by the latest translator in these words:— “A man in whom the power of thought and action 1s perfectly balanced, equal to the present, reach- ing forward to the tuture.” The concinsion drawn from that conversation was that such a person, fuling in a constitutional State, had net yet been seen. More than two thousand years have elapsed since this testimony was recorded, and the solution ot the problem, with the added experience of a historic record embracing the lives of sixty gen- erations ef the race, far more widely observed over the glebe, is stil to seek. Has there ever been such @ man? ss MR. SEWARD’S BANK AMONG THE GRRAT. Great men belong to one ef three classes. The first and lowest sphere embraces only such as have exercised their power for persenal end: bi little, if any, ara to the public good. ‘ype ts called a demegogue in A democracy. Buch a man as Cleon of Athens, stim the ions ol the Athenians to the massacre of the male pepu- lation of Mitylene, was only working for his own influence, just as Ashley Cooper, Lord Shaftesbury, Cogn the treacherous policy of Charles Ll. in Great Britain. This 1s, then, the class which works the fall of nations, The second division includes those whe, with ‘pure motives and equal capacity address them- selves to the work Of maintaining the existing state of things.as it is. Thetr aim is to reinforce established ideas and confirm ancient institutions, Of this type I would specify us examples Cicero in sntiqaity, Sir Robert Walpole, Cardinal Mazarin, Prince Kaunitz, in later times, This is the classé which sustains mations. The third division consists of those who, posses- singe geeuiee, force, labor to advance the condi- tion of their fellow-men, Of such I find a type in im Gregory I., and in Cardinal Richelieu, ‘This is the class which develops nations. Mcasur- ing the life of William H. Seward by this scale, Ihave ne scruple in enrolling bis name in tne third and higkest class. In my mind bis case bears anal to that of Pericles, with this difference, that the sphere of his action was one by the side , of which that of the other dwimdies into nothing, CHOICE OF A PROFESSION. On this occasion it is not my design to follow the common course of a purely chronological narra- tive. That werk bas been already well done by others who have preceded me. It will suffice to state that Mr, Seward was born with the century, and issued from the college at Schenectady at the age of nineteen, Three years, passed in the cus- Lomary probation of a lawyer's omee, gave him-his yrojession, and one year inore found bim married. From that moment he could hope to Lert the ‘basis of his imperfect education only by snatching what he might out ef the intervais of rest in @ vi lite, Hence it becomes proper to assume that, in the just sense of the word, Se’ ‘d was never a louse mame 1B bap akder WA which be rugned tnvo amairs, tne wonder ts that he red what he did. To his Lew J of rapid di ion of what he could read, he was indebted for the attain- ments “he actually mastered, For it should be further remarked, that though he faithfully applied himself to his projession, 1s was not, an eccupation cengeniat to his taste. the contrary, he held it in aversion. Me felt in himself a c ity to play @ nebie part on the more spacious theatre of State affair. His aspiration was for the fame of a staves- man, and in indulging this propensity he committed no mistake. 0 MIS BARLY IDEAS OF GOOD GOVERNMENT. ‘The chief characteristic of his mind was its breadth of view. In this sense he was a philoso- her studying politica, He began by forming for Rimset'a general idea of government, by which all questions of @ practical nature that came up for consideration were to be tested. This naturally led him to profer the fleld of legislation to that of administration, though he proved equally skilful in both. Almost simultaneeusly with marriage fhe appeared re to launch into the political conflicts of the hour, Commencing in thig small way he rose by easy de- grees into the atmosphere of statesmanship. As the result of a season of political chaos and dis- sension the whig element rose ag the antagonist of the democratic party. In the quibbles over imma- tertal questions sight was lost of the pelicy which was socal \ ing for the extension of slave territory. Buch being the state of things at the outset of Mr. Seward’s career, the first thing neces- sary for him to do was te choose his side. Under his father's roof the influences naturally carried him to sympathize with the old Jeffersonian party on the one,hand, while the relics of the slave sys- tem remaining in the family as house servants—the least repulsive form of that reiation—seemed little likely to inspire in him much aversion to it on the Tr. AE LAYS DOWN HIS POLICY. Nevertheless, he early formed his conclusions adversely to the organization in New York profess- to be the successors of the Jefferson school, and not less so to the perpetuation of slavery any- where. On the other hand the selection of the more conservative side, which he finally made, Was one not unattended with difficulty. The idea of @ popular form of government, which he had built up in bis own mind, was one of the most ex- pansive kind. In this he was conservative, that he sought to change, only the better to expand on a wider scale. So far as I can comprehend the true sense of the word democracy, I have never found my idea more broadly developed than by him. far more practical than anything ever taught by Jefferson, and throws into deep shadow the performances of most of nis modern disciples, He soon became a representative of the younger, the ardent and the liberal division which favored a policy more in har- Mony with the nature of our institutions than suited the adherents to long established ideas. Yet these were not long in finding out that he was possessed of powers to direct the popular sense, which, on the whole, it was not expedient for them to neglect. Presently an occasion made him prom- inent in the State elections, The inconsistency, which he could not fail to expose, of the power of secret societies with popular institutions, as illus- trated in the well-known story of the abduction and death of Morgan, made him first a member of the Senate of this State, and afterward raised him to be the Governor for two térms, AN EARLY OPPONENT TO THE SLAVERY QUESTION. ‘The sentiments of Mr. Seward on the subject of slavery had been early expressed. Previously to graduating at college he had passed six months in the State of Georgia, but he seems not te have been converted by his experience to any faith in the His first public demonstratien was made ‘th of July oration, delivered at Auburn, when he was twenty-four years old. In this speech the deliberate claim of a right in the federal gov- ernment to emancipate slaves by legislation was not less remarkable than the miscalculation of the force of the passions which led the South in the end to the very step that brought on the pre- dicted eonsequences. Yet in his conclusion he proved a prophet. But he then could little nave foreseen the share he was to have in controlling the final convulsion. Mr. Seward terminated his career as a State politician with a very elaborate exposition of his views of policy presented with great ability. It was wise in him to retreat, leaving such a legacy, for he thus escaped cemplications with local in- 2. - » Av minutes to ten o'clock Carolina lifted the banner of secession, not having | [now on bis professional career, conviction. At chosen to walt for bie cause of gricy. | to which, Rot attractive to him, he steadily THE GALLOWS IN CYR ACUSE Sent Bvans arrived, and the ‘inal preparations ance. Congress assembled at Washington to held | adhered 80 long as it was Had he de- le mete “ wa, the last session under the administration of Mr. | voted himself to it exclusively I have not a shadow yg a arom ‘a. come. sry ing Buchanan, Tied hand and foot by the conditions | of doubt he would have attained a position of the |. wed. @ ties of brandy by the ad’ nae ges be hag remiced us ominanon a" | str trnce oad aurea dias tae hes ‘ Sirs amanda Araneae unas es course had been 3 certa merit Pralge either Cor prudence nor | less Negro, Willam Freeman, charged with mur. Henry Fralich Hanged for the Mur- ten he called fora ooking glass fo 100k at himself lotism. le cont on ngs were in al ° od rono! was high—' Moment with ‘Cabinet divided, and both branches | eulogy upon Mr. Seward’s oi A and read ap der of Peter Schaffer. - he Ben ret f Ceo oy pened was cleared, of the Legislature utterly without spirit to con- extract from the argument before the jury.] prisoi se fs cert measures, the effect was equivalent to THE MASON AND SLIDELL COMPLICATIONS, He was dressed ar eara ta Ot Eiki: climate disintegration,’ Disaffection became rife every- from this illustration of the resolute will r in a ne Ba where south of Mason and Dixon's line. And in the city of Washington itsel! it became dificult to find among the residents persons wholly free irom it. Ifsuch was the condition of the disaffected i ty, it was scarcely better with the loyal side. ‘he President elect was still at home in Illinois, riving no signs of life, and there was nq one of the faltutat mnen vested with authority to speak or act in his behalf, That something ought to be done to keep the control of the capital and bridge over the interval before the 4th of March in peace and quiet was manifest. SEWARD THE MAN FOR AN EMERGENCY. In this emergency I have it in my power to Speak only of what | know Mr. Seward effected on his sole responsibility. Of his calmness in the midst of diMic@ity, of his fertility in resource, of his courage in at once breaking up the remnants of party ties, and combining, as firmly as he could, trusty men, whether in the government, in the army, in the municipal boards or elsewhere, to se- cure the pos of keeping everything steady, I had abundant evidence. The hearty co-operation of General Scott, then Commander-in-Chiel, although surrounded by less than even lukewarm assistants, roved of the highest value, The day is, per- aD ot yet come, if it ever does, when all the details of these operations will be disclosed. But, if it should, it Ac only add one more to the many causes of gratitude die by the country to the memory of Mr. Seward. But out of ail the sources of anxiety and distrust heaped up in this most feartul interval that which appeared to many the most appalling was the fact that we were about to have for our guide through this perilous strife a per- son selected partly on account of the absence of pacive qualities, so far as he was known to the pub- lie. So it seemed absolutely indispensable on every account that not only Mr. Seward should have been early secured in a prominent post, but that his advice, at least, should have been asked in re- gard to the completion ef the organization. The vaiue of such counsel in securing harmony in policy is too well understood to need explanation. But Mr. Lincoln as yet knew little of all this, Hence it was at quite a late period of the session before he had disclosed his intention te place Mr. Seward in the most prominent place. So doubtful had some of Mr. Seward’s friends been made by this proceeding of the spirit of the President, that they were disposed to advise him not to assume any re- sponsibility under him. A TRIBUTE TO THE NAME OF LINCOLN. Let me not be understood as desiring to say a word in a spirit of derogation from the memory of Abraham Lincoln, He afterward proved himself before the world a pure, brave, honest man; faith- ful to his arduous task, and laying down his life at the last as the penalty for his country’s safety. At the same time it is the duty of history, in dealing with all human action, to do strict justice in dis- criminating between persons, and by no means to award to one honors that clearly belong to an- other, Furthermore, he was quite deficient in his acquaintance with the character and qualities of public men or their aptitude for the pesitious to which he assigned them. Indeed, he never se- lected them solely by that standard. Adinitting this to be an accurate statement the difficulties in the way of Mr. Seward on his assuming the duties of the Foreign department may be readily imagined, The immediate reerganization of the service abroad was imperatively demanded at all points. It may be easily conceived what an effect could be produced in all quarters by the equivocal, half- hearted tone prevailing among the American agents themselves. Yet, assuming it to be indis- pensable that the foreign service should be reor- rag a very grave difficuity forthwith presented itself, ‘The republican party had been so generally in opposition that but few ef its prominent mem- bers had had any advantages of experience in ottice. And,in the foreign service especially, ex- rience is almost indispensable to usetuiness. r, Seward himself came into the State Depart- terests and rival jealousies which render perse- verance in purely local struggles such a thankless labor. It was this error which for a long ttme im- paired the general usefulness of another great statesman of New York, De Witt Clinton. From this date Mr. Seward remained several years in private life, steadily pursuing his profession. The course of public aifairs had not proved propitious to his party. FROM STATE TO NATIONAL POLITICS. General Taylor was made President, and simul- taneously Mr. Seward was for the first time trans- ferred from the field of State to that of national af- fairs. He came into the Senate of the United States not te leave it for twelve years. He came under circumstances of no trifling embarrassment. The new President was at the time utterly un- known to the public men and especially to him, 1 am very sure that Mr. Seward felt for some time quite uncertain what the issue would be. Every- thing depended the natural powers of General Tayler to distinguish the true from the false path. Happily for Mr. Seward, he de- termined to be guided by his ceunsel. Then came the struggle with Mexico, and Mr. Seward and the President differed in their policy. The successive speeehes—one on the llth of March, the next on the 2d o1 July, and the last on the 11th of September, of the year 1860—dispiayed in the clearest light his whole policy on this vital subject. At the very outset he declared himself opposed to a compromise with siavery, in any and ail the forms in which it had been proposed; and he followed up the words with @ close argument against each of those forms. THE RISK OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Then began the great reaction in the Nerth and West. At last the election of 1356 displayed the fact that parties had thrown off disguises and were placing themselves upon the real issues vital to the country, Although the result still favored the slaveholders, and James Buchanan was made to succeed Franklin Pierce, the severity o1 the strug- gle indicated but too plainly the beginning of the end. From this moment the republican party became the true antagonist to that domination. Mr. Seward now, for the first time, enjoyed the great advantage of beimg perfectly free frem embarrassments springing out of a union with paralyzing associates in the same party. He took the field with all his vigor, and the speeches which he made, both in the Senate and before the people, remain to testify te his powers and his success. The effects of the new union, reinforced by the extreme policy adopted by the opposite side were made perceptible in the steady increase of the minorities in both houses of Congress. The opening of the Thirty-sixth Con showed that in the popular branch the republica: 'y counted a plurality of the members. Alte: jong-continued struggle they succeeded in electing their Speaker. It leoked as if the handwriting would soon be visible on the wall. Then came a moment when a candidate of the party, at last thoroughly organ- ized, was to be nominated ior the Presidency of ‘1861. THE VALUE OF EXPERIENCE IN THE SENATE. Mr. Seward in his ten years of service in the Senate had completely developed his vapacity as a great leader in difficult times. With the singular mixture ef boldness and moderation which dis- tinguished him from all ethers he nad maintained od apd against all the assaults made upen him by the ablest o1 the siaveholding statesmen in their stronghold of the Senate. He had known how to pursue that natrow path between license in dis- cussion en the one hand and personal alterca- tion on the other whichis se seldom faithfully adhered to by public men, especially when cunning fencers are ever lying in wait to entrap them. He had also enjoyed the benettt of experi. ence in his administration while Governor of New: York, which had made him familiar as well with executive as with legislative forms of busi- ness. The older statesmen of great note had van- ished, 80 as to make his party prominence more marked than ever. AS a consequence, when the neminating convention assembled at Chicago, the eyes of all were turned toward him as the candi- te ef all others the most distingutshed. A large lurality had been chosen as Gelngates friendly to fim. and the general expectation was that he would be nominated at once. But it was remem- bered that, in 1844, Henry Clay was defeated be- cause he had a long recerd of publice service, from which many marked sayin and deings rr gt be quoted to affect impressible wav- erers, and James . Polk was elected because no- body could quete anything ery him, for the reason thathe had never said or done anything werth quoting atail. Last but not least came in the element of ‘gain and management manipa- lated by adepts at intrigue, which is almost in- separable from similar assemblies. The effect of all these influences united was to turn the tide at last, and Mr. Seward, the veteran champion of the reforming policy, was set aside. The iactis be- yond contradiction that no person ever befere nominated, with any reasonable probability of success, had had so little of public service to show for his reward. DEPEAT DID NOT DISCOURAGE HIM. Placing myself in the attitude of Mr. Seward, at the mement when the news of so strange a de sion would reach his ears, I think | might, like Jacques in the play, have moralized for an in- stant upon man’s ingratitude. But Mr. Seward, when he heard of it, did not reason on this low level. That he deeply felt such a retusal to recog. nize the value of his long and carnest labors in a rilous cause I have every reason vo believe. 1 fad been long watching his course with the deep- est interest, sometimes fearful lest he might bend towards the delusive track of expediency, at Others impatient at his calmness in mements fit to call out the fire of Demosthenes, yet, on the whole, if I may be so bold as to confess it, iastened to his footsteps by the conviction that he alone of ail others had most marked himself as a disciple of the school tn which [ had been bread myself. In this state of mind [ had indulged a strong hope, not only that his splendid services weuld meet with a just acknowl- edgment, but that his futare guidance might be depended on in the event ef critical dimculties, Mr, Seward entered tnto the canvass in behalf of his rival with the utmost ene I was, myself, a Witness and companion through a large part of his journey tn the Weat. His speeches, made at almost every Central point, indicate, not simply the fer- tility of his powers, but the fidelity with which he applied them to the purpese in hand. They still remain with os to testily for him themselves. The election followed, aking & new era im the histor; 1 ais Republic. The slavenolding power, whi had governed for more than thirt; it t last ceased to control. bbc coh THR CONFUSION AT WASHINGTON. No sooner was the rogult kavwa than South ment with no acquaintance with the forms of busi- ness other than that obtained incidentally through his service in the Senate. He had not had the benefit of oficial presence aproad, an advantage by no means trifling in conducting the foreign al- fairs, MR. SEWARD’S DIPLOMACY. The marvellous fertility of Mr. Seward’s pen spread itself at once over every important point on the globe, and the lofty firmness of his tone in- fused a spirit of unity of action such as had never been witnessed before. The effect of this was that from a state et utter demoralization at the outset, the fereign serviee rapidly became the most encr- getic and united organization thus far made abroad. The evidence of this will remain patent in the archives of the nation so long as they shall be suifered te endure. It may be ques- tioned whether any head of an executive de- partment ever approached Mr. Seward in the extent and minuteuess of the instructions he was constantly issuing during the critical period of the war. While necessarily subject to impertectien, consequent upon the rapidity with which he wrote, his eset will occasion rather surprise at their gen- eral excellence than at any casual detects they may contain. Even in the Soe urs his clarion voice rang out more sharp and er in full faith of the triumph of the great cause than even in the moment of its complete success. And the conse- quence is that the tame of William H. Seward as a sagacious statesman is more widely spread ever every part ef the globe than that of any preceding statesman in our history. THE FRIENDSHIP OF LINCOLN AND SEWARD. Great as were the services of Mr. Seward in his own peculiar department, it would be a mistake te inter that they were restricted within that limit, 1 now come to a point where what appears to me to have been one of his greatest qualities is to. be set forth. It is umpossible for two persons in the relations of the President and the Secretary of State to on long together without taking a measure of their respective powers. Mr. Lineoin could not fail seon to perceive the fact that what- ever estimate he might put on bis own natural judgmeat he had to deal with a superior in native intellectuat power, in extent of acquirement, in breadth of philosophical experience and in the force of morai discipline. On the other hand, Mr. Seward could not have been long blind to the deficiencies of the Cee) these respects, however highiy he might value his-integrity of purpose, his shrewd capacity and his generous and amiable dis- position. In order .to cut up by the roots the Dosey of misunderstanding frem such causes ir, Seward deliberately came the conclusion to stifle every sensation left in him of aspiration in the future, by establish- ing a distinct understanding with the President on that subject. The effect of this actor self-abnega- tion was soon apparent in the steady subsequent union of the parties. Thus it happened that Mr. Seward voluntarily dismissed forever the noblest dreams of an ambition he had the clearest mght to indulge, in exchange ior a more solid power to direct affairs for the benefit of the nation, through the name of another, who should yet appear in all later time to reap the honors due chiefly to his labors. THR DEATH OF LINCOLN, Iam not going to touch upon the incidents of the great war. It isenough to say that Gettys- burg nd Vicksburg turned the tide, and the ad- ministratien had uething more te fear from popu- lar distrust. The election confirmed it in power, and little was left to do but to heal the wounds in- flicted and restore the blessed days ef peace and prosperity. Scarcely had the necessary measures en matured, and fortune begun once more to smile, when the hand ef the assassin, anerring in its instinctive sagacity, vented all the rage of the baffied enemy upon the heads of the tro individuais of all others whe most ais- tinctly symbolized the emancipation of the slave and the doom of the master’s pride. Then followed a successor to the chair sadly wanting im the happtest quaiities of his pre- decessor, bat readily moulded to the very same policy which had been inaugurated by him. In bis earnestness to save it Mr. Seward subordinated himself just a8 before. But the change of person roved little less disastrous to his hopes than it ad been sixteen years before in the case of Gen- eral Taylor. Nevertheless, he steadily and bravely adhered to the chief, for the sake of the policy, to the jast, and quietly bore the odium of @ failure he had ho power to avert. It would have been worth all it cost, could he have succeeded, But, as it was, rarely has it been the fate ef the same statesman to meet with two successive instances of such human vicissitudes, HE LEAVES PUBLIC LIFE FOR RVBR. In the Spring of 1969 he bid a last farewell to pub- lic life, e veteran who had fought ior years for the establishment of the great principles of lib- erty—clear of all hampering compromises, who bore on his front the gash received because he had worked too well, a scar wiich would have made @ lifelong political fortune fer any purely military man—Was permitted to repair in silence to his home, now lonely from the loss of those who had made it his delight, with fewer marks of recognition of bis brilliant career than he ‘would have had if he had been the most insignificant of our Presidents. Such is one more example of the fate that awaits “those who hang on princes’ favors,” whethef the sovereign be one or be many. And now his native State, ee | bestowed on him all the honors within her gift during his life, with a natural pride in the career of 40 great a son, has sought outside of her borders for one of the humbiest of his dis- ctples to call a few fleeting flowers and place them on his grav Whiie [de honor to this manifesta tion on her part, 1 trust I may be pardoned for re- membering that he did not save the State alone— he saved the nation. SEWARD AN IN DEPENDENT THINKER, Let me turn from this subject to the more agree- able task of pointing out to yeu some peculiar quailties of Mr. Seward which merit close atvention in any view taken of his character. Of these the most marked was his indomitable courage. By superficial observers among his contemporaries, the breadth of his popular theory was set dewn a8 little more than the agitation not anusual with most of our ordinary demagegues, Hence the prejudices more or less imbibed by many of his own party, and otkhers who knew nething of him personally. Yet the fact ts indisputable that very few public men in our history can be cited who have shown so much indifference tn running directly counter to the popular passions when highly excited ashe did. And in suoh action tt ta clear that he could have been prompted by no motive other than the highest of personal duty. AS A LAWYER, SEWARD Bitnerto I have treated only of bis public life. and courage of the man to another of wholly differ- ent and a still higher kind. I shail not weary your patience by going over the well-known details of the seizure by our gallant countryman, Admiral Wilkes, of the two rebel emissaries, Mason and Slidell, by forcibly taking them from a British assenger steamer then on her way over he high seas to @ British port. You can all remember how much delighted eth was with the news. Few stopped to thin Of the possible consequences a8 affecting the rights ef neutral nations. Some erroneous precedents were published in the journals which quieted possibie doubts, Admiral Wilkes immedi- ately received the official approbation of the House of Representatives and the Secret of the Navy, and rose ina moment to the height of a popular hero. Crowded public meetings everywhere joined in their scolnmssions, prow exultant at the gal- lant deed. On the other hand, the effect of the vio- lent proceeding, when divulged in Great Britain, no one hadabetter opportunity to understand thanI myself. It was at once presumed to have been authorized by the government, so that no eourse was regarded as left to the Ministry other than to demand immediate maroon for the, in- sult, ASE .. A WAR WITH ENGLAND AVERTED. ia War was considered a8 inevitable; hence pro- visien was promptly made by many to remove American property out of the risk of confiscation. The dock-yards resounded by night as well as by day with the ring of the hammers, fitting out the largest iron-clads, and orders went forth to assem- ble the most available troops for immediate em- barkation to the points in America closest upon our northern border. A Cabinet ceuncil was promptly assembled. Four despatches were drawn up on the same day, the 30th of Novem- ber, three of them addressed to the British Minis- ter at Washington, Lord Lyons, and one te the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. All of them distinctly anticipated an immediate rupture and made provision for the event. Looking at these proceed inde as calmly as I can from our present point of view; it seems impessible for me to deubt that the issue of this peremptory demand bad been already erapamee by ler Majesty's Ministers. They did net themselves believe that the men would be restored. Yet, had it been judged proper to await for a few days the reception of official intelligence, then on its way from Wash- ington, these gentlemen would have learned from Mr. Seward that the act was without authority, and that the government was ready to listen to any reasonable’representations that might be forth- coming. It was the writing of that preliminary despatch that saved the dignity ofthe country. Mr. Seward could point to it to prove that his action, when finally taken, had not been prompted by in- timidation, The precipitate British course had be- frayed the rudeness of distrust and nothing more. He had been ready to hear and discuss the question impartially and solely on its merits. A war with Great Britain to maintain an unsound gfe et merely because the people made a kero of Admiral Wilkes, would probably have ended in a triumph of the rebellion and a permanent disruption of the Union. When the time came tor the assembly of the Cabinet to decide upon an answer to Great Britain, not a sign had been given by the President or any of the members favorable to concession, Mr. Seward, who had been charged with the official duty of furnishing the expected answer, assumed the responsibility of preparing his able argument upon which a decision was predicated to surrender the men. Upon him would have rested the whole weight of the popular indignation, had it proved fermidable. Ii Thave been rightly Informed, when read, it met with but few comments ana less ap- probation. On the other hand there was no re- sistance. Silence gave consent. It was the act of Mr. Seward, and his name was to be chiefly asse- ciated with it, whether for good or for evil. That name will ever stand signed at the foot of the despatch. In my firm belief that act saved the unity of the nation. It was like the fable of the Roman Curtius, who leaped inte the abyss which could have been closed in no other way. The peo- ple acquiesced rather than approved, and to this they have never manifested any sign of grati- tude whatever. HIS LAST DAYS. In 1869 Mr. Seward returned heme to Auburn, the wreck of his former seif. The continuous conflicts of twenty years, and especially those of the last eight, with the assassin’s knife, had told heavily on his frame. That home, too, was no longer what it had been, when the gilted partner of his life anda beloved en Spread over it sunshine and joy, in peaceful times. Worst of all the symptoms of a subtle disease, creeping slowly from the extremi- ties, came to warn nim that repose would be synonymeus with decay. Nothing daunted, he de- termined to fight the enemy to the last, He under- took the laborious task of @ journey around the gilebe. The turn of his mind, everindulging in wide Speculation upon the ebjects presented to his ob- servation, is as clearly marked in this as it is in any of his earlier productions, Hence it is clear that however impaired may have been his tene- ment ef elay, the living principle within held out firmly to the last. And now the chief part of my work is done. ihave tried te test the statesman by the highest standara known te mankind. His career covers the whole of what I desig- nated as the second period of our history, that, pending which, the heaviest clog to free- dom, @ perlious legacy from our forefathers, was, after long and severe conflict, at last hap- pily removed. In this trial Mr. Seward played a great part. His mimd, takingin the broadest view ef practical pepular government, never tailed him in the usefui application of his powers to the removal of all adventitious obstructions to its de- velopment, He was never & mere theorist or dreamer of possibilities he could not reach. He speculated boldly, but he was an actor all the waile, and effected results. It is in this sense that think my narrative has established for him just claim to the high position I assigned to him at my outset. He may net, indeed, rise to the full stature of the philosopher statesman, ‘equal to the present, r forward to the future,’’ never seen even in the palmy days of ancient Greece, or per! anywhere eise, but at least he stands in the first rank of these admitted most nearly to approach it. MR, SEWARD AS A MAN. ‘Thus far I have considered him exclusively in bis public life. The picture would scarcely seem com- plete if I omitted a word about him as a man like all the rest of us. By nature he can Lap f be said to have been gifted with the advantage of an ae presence, such as fell tothe lot of Mr. Calhoun and Mr, Webster. Neither in tace nor in figure weuld he have attracted particular notice, and both his voice and pewer of articulation were little favorable to the power of his elocution; yet he in a remarkable degree the faculty of fixin; the hearer’s attention—the surest test of oratorical porenge His familiar conversation rarely Kept in the dreary round ef commonplace, and often struck into original and instructive paths. His personal address was casy dnd careless, some- times rather blunt. It lacked something of the Polish of the most refined society, but there was a simplicity and heartiness in bis genial heurs that often brought ene close to him ina moment. At times. when in good spirits, there seemed a super- abundant glee springing from his own ouesre which spent itself in laughter more robust than could be wholly accounted fer by anything expressed. And yet it had # sympathetic wer over the hearers almost irresistible, In his domestic reiations he was pure and affectionate—ready to heed the monitiens ef a gifted and refined rtner, and profit by her prudent counsel. intimate friends ne was deeply attached. The line of great statesmen in America may or may not stretch out In yon bright track that fires the western skies, to the crack of deom. But the memory of him who guided our ceurse through the most appalling tempest yet experienced in our annals can scarcely fail te confront all future aspirants in the same honorable career, as an example which every one ofthem may imitate to his advantage, but which few can hope to be so fortunate as to excel, AT THE CLOSE OF THE ORATION “Integer Vite" was sung by the quartet, and the “bdlessing” was given by Bishop Cox. This ended the ceremontes ef the day, which will be long remembered by every one who was present for their solemnity and mourniul impressiveness. INVITED GUESTS. Among the invited guests who were present were Thurlow Weed, Edwin D. Morgan, T. G. Alvord, Allen ©. Beach, ex-Lieutenant George W. Patterson, ¢x-President Millard Fillmore, Frederick W. Seward, William H. Seward, Dr. S. 0. Vander- poel, Ezra Cornell, George E. Baker, R. M. Blatch- ford, William R. Evarts, Dr. E. N. Potter, Dr. Brainard, George W. Seward and Frederick Douglass. ec SAVED FROM THE GALLOWS. ‘The Sentence of Sam Galliard, the C oread Man Who Was To Have Been Hanged Yesterday in Charleston, §. Commuted to Five Years’ ment. 3 ” im prison- CHARLESTON, April 18, 1873. Sherif! Bowen yesterday received a telegram from Governor Moses, informing him that the sen- tence ef Sam Galliard—colored—who was to have been executed to-day for the murder of an- other colored man named Alick Dick, on the night of the 28th of December last, had been commuted to imprisonment in the Penitentiary for five years. The condemned man had persistently protested his innocence, and upon receipt of the intelligence that a new and indefinite lease of lie was granted him @ gleam of joy shot from his heavy, yellowish ort but he at once subdued all outward evidences o1 former his ay and again reiterated his statementa, He was convicted of fatally stabbing Dick in & general mélée, was identified by the mur- dered man before his death, and & mass of other Moses, in following. the example ‘of Soot by Dar- toutng colored Lokag wag He oe trying to be the savior of the race that elovated him tg executive hopors and emoluments. Expiating the Crime of Stab- bing to Death. THE DOOMED MAN'S LAST NIGHT. Parting from His Wife and Chil- dren at the Cell Door. “LET ME GO QUICK.” His Speech Under the Gallows Innocence. BE Gt 8 5 Si “he _Brracuae, N. Y., April 18, 1873, Henry Fralich, who stabbed Peter Schaffer in Au- gustiast, was hung this forenoon, all efforts te secure a new trial or commutation of sentence neing fruitless. The refusal of Governor Dix te interfere was telegraphed on Wednesday night and commu- nicated to the prisoner, who read the announce- ment unmoved, simply saying he waa not disap- pointed, as he did not expect him to interfere. For several days he has declieed to see any but his most jmtimate friends, and up to the last moment positively declined te have any interviews with re- porters, saying, ‘Damn them; do they take me for asupe? They won't get a word out of me,” ‘THE STORY OF THE CRIME. On the 8d day of August, 1872, Henry Fralich went to work as usual in frontof a building ad- joining his own dwelling house, tn the city of Syra- cuse, N. Y., and was engaged removing a stone tn- tended for the structure on which he was en- gaged, when his wife and daughter came to him shedding tears, and telling him that their neighbor, Peter Shaffer, had called them indecent names. Upon hearing these complaints Fralich, after leaving his work, went, in an excited State of mind to his home, and despite all the in- terposition and entreaties of his family, snatched up a bayonet in one hand and a clap in the other, both of which he found in his bedroom, and rushed passionately to an adjacent saloon, owned by a man named Karolfe. Shaffer, the murdered man, and his wife were both in the salooon at the time,- Fralich went directly to the front door of Karolfe’s saloon and therein entered. He remained standing at the doorway for a few minutes, and then crossed about half the length of the barroom, where he was met by Mrs. Shaffer, wite of Peter Shaffer, who immediately seized him by the clothes, The unfortunate mur- derer, there and then, in his savage state of mind, STRUCK THE INOFFENSIVE WOMAN on the head with the club, which he held in his right hand, and felled her to the floor. Peter Shaffer, who stood at the further end of the bar- room, apprehensive of his own life hitherto, rushed to the assistance of his wife, grabbed Fralick by the neck, and was in the act of throwing him on the ground, when Fralich darted the cold steel bayonet which he held in his left hand into the left lung of Peter Shaffer, who fell prostrate, exclaiming, ‘You, you have stabbed me.” Fralich was almost immediately arrested, and refused to speak a word relative to the murder for the first few days of his incarceration in Onendaga county prison. At the September Oyer and Terminer Court held in Onondaga county he was indicted for the murder of Peter Schaffer at Syracuse. Fralich pleaded “not guilty,” and the trial was post- poned until January 20, 1873, when Messrs. Noxon & Butterfield were gppointed as associate counsel for the prisoner. On the 29th of January the trial was opened by the District Attorney, lasted three days and resuited in THE CONVICTION OF THE PRISONER for murder im the first degree, The facts proved in the trial were those given above. Two wit- nesses established the wilful perpetration of the deed, one of whom was in the saloon at the time, and the other a casual observer from the door of a neighboring ele house. Counsel for the prisoner made out a bill of ex- ceptions, which was settled on Friday, February 21, The defendant's counsel also made a metion on February 14 for a new trial, on the ground that the jurymen were not properly summoned before whom the prisoner was indicted and tried, which the Court subsequently overruled. On the 4th of February last the prisoner’s sentence to be hanged was fixed for March 28, but was tigre ad until esterday by the official interposition ot Governor ix, under the following circumstances:—After settli the bill of exceptions the prisoner's counsel made application to Judge Morgan for & writ of error to remove the proceedings to the Supreme Court and for an order to stay pro- cee upon the judgment. The writ of error yas allowed, but the Judge declined to stay the proceedings, so that the only course left for the prisoner te pursue was to make application to the Governor fer a commutation of his sentence to im- Following @ despatch to this effect from Mr. James Noxon (prisoner’s counsel) tg Governor Dix came an o! I notice to Sheriff Evans from the Governor, granting Fralich a respite ef three weeks, which limited period of time terminated yesterday. HIS LAST NIGHT. At nine o’clock last gxening he went te sleep and slept soundly until three A. M., when he woke and complained that his bones ached and asked the time. He soon after expressed a wish to smoke, and, being furnished with A CIGAR AND A LIGHT, he lighted the ctgar and proceeded to enjoy the “weed.” After smoking a few moments one of his ards asked him if he was enjoying his cigar, and e said, “Yes; I shall smoke as long as I live.” On being 68 ed if he wanted anythi to eat, he re- plied, “Ne; my eating is over;” and in response to the ty, if he would have a cup of tea he said, “No; that’s ef no value to me.” The next ques- tion asked him was if the minister was coming up this morning, to which he replied, “Ah! he’ll begip about five o’clock.”” Romney moe was said fora moments, when he suddenly broke out witn “You fellows are watching me as close as if I killed a thou- sand people.” Soen after this he again laid down on the bea and continued to smoke. HE REMAINED ON BED SMOKING TILL MORNING, occasionally holding a few words’ conversation with his guards. At five e’clock the Deputy Super- intendent of the Penitentiary called him out and they sat by the stove for an hour, conversing in German. He again retired till six o’clock, when he became restless and soon broke out crying and one aly of breaking down. He complained bit- erly ef his sad fate, and continually cried out that he did not want any Germans ti prisenment for life. and, fearing his feelings would bring on @ pi oxysm of rage, Deputy Mulholland entered his cell and endeavored to quiet him. He partially succeeded in doing so, but Fralich for some time gare vey to occasional sudden outbursts of grief. m after Deputy Mulheliand again entered the cell, and, after ene of the sudden outbursts, Fratict: rallied and said to Deputy Graves, who was out- side the door, that he “COULD CUT HIS THROAT AT ANY TIME, and that ne had tools to do it with.” Deputy Mul- holland talked with him for a short time, and finally called to Deputy Graves, who opened the door, and Fralich handed him # small steel knife, The knife was a worn-out shoe-knife, the blade por- tion being about three-quarters of an inch in length and of the same shape as a lancet and very sharp. The balance of the knife was that portion which is usually put into the handle. The weapon was an effective one, and with it could be cut a dangerous gash. After giving up the knife he became quiet and expressed a wish tobe shaved. At six o'clock @ portion of the Fifty-frst regiment, National Guard, was placed on guard, ana at half-past eight o'clock the entire regiment and a company of cavalyy were on duty. Large crowds ‘col- lected abeut the Penitentiary in the vain hope of seeing the preparations for execution. But few were mitted to the yard where the gallows was, and none were allowed to see the prisoner except his family and spiritual advisers, Rev. Mr. Oberiander, who arrived about eight o'clock. The family remained with him till twenty minutes after nine, when they were obliged to tear themselves away. THE SCRNE AT PARTING was a mest affecting one, as the prisoner came to his cell door and his wife threw her arms around his neck and sobbed a farewell. Her screams were heartrending, and the few persons standing near were moyed to tears, The prisoner’s four boys, ranging from seven to sixteen, were also much affected, though they did not seem to fully realize the awful solemnity of the occasion. During the Test of the time allowed him the doomed man con- ‘versed with his spiritual counsel, who prayed for him fervently and remain nim to the end, The prisoner centiaued to spite against wished to show him Up vo 8 Gurlgup World, "We Diajped Woema Largely for his arms were Serspped at the elbows. services were held. In the yard of the Penitentiary the gallews had been erected, being similar to the one used in the case of Foster. The noose was hanging in its position, waiting for its victim, and the heavy iren weight was hanging about eight feet from the ground. A cordon ot police had been formed around the gallows, and a still larger circle of soldiers also surrounded it; but as small a num- ber of spectators were allowed as was in strict conformity with law. At eight minutes after eleven the prison door opened, and the Sherif and his deputies appeared, cond the con- demned man te his doom. As he 8p) he walked with a firm step, looking curiously at the gallows and the spectators. Nota muscle moved. He was placed under the noose, anu his knees 81 together. Then Under Sheriff Moschel re he death warrant, which was signed by Judge Mergan and associates, The reprieve of the Governor was also read, When the name ef Governor Dix was read an expression of hate passed over the prisaa- er’a face, and he said “LET MB GO QUICK.” The noose was then adjusted. He complained that it was rong), id hurt his neck. He passed aye tots ig ordeal Sndisoningty, like a in Who is determined to die game. e rope was placed about his neck at sixteen minutes alter eleven o'clock, when all was in readin for the closing religious services. Rev. Mr. riander then ad a verse or two in German and made aS yery shore. prayer. @uring the readi iii ptood with” His oye8 Cast upon the round. At the coliclysion of thépiarer Sho vans passed to the front of the doomed han asked kim if he had ‘thing to say. Fralich. clear loud voice, said “Yes,” and proceeded as tol- lows:— THE DOOMED MAN’S SPEECH. “GENTLEMEN—You hang me innocent to-day. ¥ did not murder that man, Pete Miller went and bought Judge Morgan and this District Attorney to get me te the rope. Judge Morgan did not give me afair trial. He used his influence against me so that I could not fis @ new trial. Pete Miller has been against me from the first. Idon’t know what Pete Miller-should be against me for. We have always been good friends and I never did any thi and I don’t know why he should fainst me. Those men did not give me a tair trial or I should not be here to- day. They wouldn’t let me get a new triak and so [am here. This is all Pete Miller’s doing, and he washes his hands in my blood. 1 die to-day, but God only knows how he will die. This is all f have to on ‘about it to-day. In the name of Ged Almighty I am re . Let me go.” At nineteen minutes after eleven the black cap was drawn over his head, the rope which held the ponderous iron weight was cut, the weight came to the ground with & heavy thud and THE BODY OF THE CONDEMNED MAN FLEW INTO THE AIR several feet and swung around, with his face in the direction oppecite to the positien in which he had stood. The knot under his ear slipped to the back of his neck, and he hung for two or three minutea perfectly motionless. ‘he drop fell at twenty minutes after eleven o'clock. At the end of two minutes the knees were raised; there was a con- traction of the muscles, followed by a i ene soon after. Drs, Bennett, Doyle and Phillips examined the pulse, which was found to be beat- ing at the rate of 60 per minute. In three minutes pulsations were at the rate of 70 and 66 Minute, At twenty-six minutes after eleven there was no movement ef the chest, and the pulse had fallen to 64. The pulse stopped beating in six an@ a half minutes; his heart atop d beating at eight minutes. In twenty minutes he was pronounced dead by his physicians, At forty minutes after eleven the Sheriif’s jury was called and inspecied the body, and then retired to the Sheriff's office to prepare, the papers required by law in such cases. ‘he undertaker then took charge of the body and lowered it to the ground. When it was placed on abier and the cap removed the physicians ex- amined it. It was found that the face was but slightly discolored ; the neck was not broken, and DEATH WAS CAUSED BY SUFFOCATION. The body soon after was placed in @ coffin and taken in a hearse through a large crowd of curious gazers in the streets to the residence of the family in Locke street. The ‘troops marched to their armories, the privileged ctators retired and the murderer of ter hatfer Was avenged and the dignity of the law maintained, ‘This ia the second execution that has ever taken place in this county, Fralich being the first white man executed. The first case was that of a negro, Zachariah Freeman, who murdered a young woman named Sarah Boyd, in the town of Lysander, in May, 1840, and was Banged in the December following. There have been tour convictions for murder Onandaga county. REAL ESTATE MATTERS. An Important Landed Enterprise—The Northern Boulevard Commission. A few sales noted for sale at the Exchange were disposed of yesterday at medium prices, but there was not a sufficiency of inducements to warrant a large attendance. A VERY IMPORTANT MOVEMENT is being made among a number of wealthy gentle men of this city, having in view the formation of a Board, to act in concert with a similiar one in Europe, for the investment of foreign capital in reai estate in this country. The project was started about @ year ago, and referred to the late Horace Greeley by European bankers. Mr. Greeley, who expressed himself highly in favor of instituting such an enterprise, found his time too much occupied, especially as shortly after this subject was broached to him he received the nomination for President. He, therefore, sent for Mr. John McClave, and to him he entrusted the carrying out of this gigantic undertaking. Mr. E. Hepple Hall, who is the agent the English capitalists sent to this country in concert with Mr. McClave, has labored hard to bring the project to completion. A board of gentlemen, comprising some ef our most emiment capitalists, has already been organized, among whom are Mr. Emil Sauer, President of the German-American Bank; General Charles K. Graham, President of the Mutual Sav- ings Bank, and others of the highest financial and moral standing, both of native and foreign extrac- tion, who are about issuing @ prospectus and es- tablish what has long been desirable, viz.: a re- ae medium for investing foreign capital in the real estate of this country. The name of this huge enterprise will be the FORBIGN AND COLONIAL ESTATES BXCHANGR, whose prospectus is based ‘‘uvon the hundreds of thousands of persons leaving the United Kingdom and Continent annually to seek a home in thia country, and is thereby exercising a commanding influence upon the money markets and exchanges and leads to @ rapid transference of capital am labor to the cultivation of the soil and the con- struction of roads of communication through ail the best by tee be pastoral and mineral lands.” In the United States and Canada hundreds of improved and partially impreved farms, of from fifty to 1,000 acres, with buildings thereon, can be Rav aes all the way from £1 to £10 per acre, &c. ‘his exchange isin regular communication with the governments of the different States, and en- joys every facility official documents, maps and surveys can give, in the United States as well as Canada. The full particulars of this important real estate institution wiil be given as soon as the organization is further advanced. Yesterday was the last day to receive objections to awards and assessments made by the Commis- stoners Jor laying out the Northern Boulevard, run- ning from 156th to Inwood street, through pro- perty at Washington Heights. Thus far tie Com- missioners have only received very iew notices of objections, the majority of them based upon very frivolous facts and data and demonstrate more, being the work of professional assessment attor- neys, who make the owners believe that their pre- perty has been undervalued, and enter into an bs gegen of procuring larger awards for one-hali of the amount thus obtained over and above the original sums granted. he Commissioners will be in daily session at eleven o'clock A. M., for the next ten days, at No, t Pine street, to hear parties interested in awards and assessments, which, however, Kf aoa to those who have filed objections, after which the re- port will be handed in to the Supreme Court for confirmation, Commissioner Van Nort will t! have the improvement placed in his hands, wi judging from his past energy, will have the ro completed by the end of the year, and thus give @ fine drive to the uptown residents of this city. A. D. Mellick, ee Brother, of Pine street, re- rt having sold during the week at private sale, Rew Jersey, for cash and mortgage (no trades) to the amount of $97,600, The details are as fol- lows :— pFTTDe city lots city lots hand Lon Webst On Jb, and Lon Park ai ea Tk Th nexed statement shows yesterday's trans- actions on 'Change :— DY WILLIAM KENNELLY. Ss. bk. h. and L, 110 17th 438 Tot 16x92... 308 1, 4s. bk. b. (front); 45. bk. b. (rear), and 1, 49 Park st, Near Pearl at, lot 26x96.2 (subject to a dower right) ; Hercules Mutual Life Assurance Society... .17,250 20,206