The New York Herald Newspaper, February 24, 1873, Page 9

‘the and the giortons influence of the Gospel, While, "therefore, the Church had been teaching ee setei now inquired what was the spirit: that ant mated the quire urch, he would in turn WHAT THE CHURCH HAD DONE for those whom he addressed and their children, Were net their it hopes for their children, that they might be counted worthy to be trees rs it ted in the house of the Lord was in that hope that proper was, formed. ‘Then let them contem- plat the world without @ Sadbath—that ¢- Dieasing of the Chufch. Without that ir children would not oniy be left without a guide, but in a moral wilderness, Finally, the Church was Christ's body. It was the privilege of the Christian to dwell with Christ. Jesus was per- sonally in His Church. What, then, was there that shag Ought not todo for the Church? Remember that it was Christ who said, “Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of these little ObeK Te have done it unto me.” The example of Christ is, therefore, our inspiration; by it we are known of all men, and We have, by our examples, au aroma that bene- tits the world thronghout ali ages. he Church, therefore, was needful not only for ourselves, but for society, for the world, for time and for eternity, and all that was done here was promotive of in- fluences that covered all these conditions. ‘he sermon, which was very orthodox, very ‘tenderly delivered, and with a gushing earnest- ness, closed with apractical application, and which ‘application ultimated in the very generous col- lection. ‘SEVENTH AVENUE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUROE. ‘Pane Rev. Dr. Wild Upon Exorcising the a Senses, ~~" Dr. Wild, of the Seventh Avenue Methodist Epis- ‘copal church, delivered a practfcal sermon from Hebrews v., 14—“But strong meat belongeth to thom that are of full age, even those who, by ren- ‘son of use, have their senses exercised to diséeri ‘both goed and evil.” He held that the Bible history ofman was remarkably sustained, and that few ‘things could be more fully demonstrated than that man was degenerate, their bodies weak and dis- eased and their minds corrupt and unholy. Not ‘thus did we first come forth trom the plastic hand of the divine creator. There must have been a do parture from original rectitude ; the primeval work shad suffered violence; the beauty and perfection ‘theory had been tarnished. The sorrows and woes ‘of life confirmed this sad and bitter conciusion, The righteous may sigh, the good may weep over ‘man’s inhumanity to man; but his very follies be- #peak him great and show us departed glory, while the inwrought longings and keen, instinctive -promptings of the sou! declare him to be a child of ‘God and prodigal of heaven. The eee reproved the uncharitableness 01 older Christians towards the young. There was periection all the way up, saithough there was constant change. As a ‘child, it was perfect in its innocence, and that was the beauty of that age, while boyhood and man- hood had their own attractive qualities, People ‘were too apt to confound periection with comple- tion, when, in Jack, it was only through pertec- dion that one could reach Heaven’s completion. ‘Spiritual tastes Cees With the age as much as bodily ones, An old Christian dia not care as much Jor dress and physical enjoyment aa when younger ; Dut, because they had put them aside, they should not prohibit others from enjoying them. Neglect in any art or science would beget incompetence; and as i business and living, so, in religion, this could be continued till one could forget how to pray, and 80, little by little, could take pleasure in unrighteousness, The only way to be an easy Christian was to work up to time. Ifone would be strong in Christian virtues, then they must exer- cise to that end till the senses should take the place of jadgment. The reverend gentleman spoke, ‘with touching eloquence, upon this subject, and «concluded his remarks by urging his congrega- tion tobe wise in spiritual kuowledge and choose eu good part which should not be taken trom em, PRAYERS AT THE PENITENTIARY. “Yesterday afternoon religious services were held tin the chapel at the King’s County Penitentiary. Rev. Mr. Bass, chaplain of that institution, con- ducted the exercises and preached a sermon, taking for his text the words, “So then every one | of us shall give an account of uumself to God.” The convicts listened attentively. The music was ren- dered by the choir of the Tompkins avenue Metho- dist Episcopal church, A numerous party of visitors were present upon the occasion, among whom were prominent Jul» J. Studwell, President of the City Bank; Messrs. I. J. Jenkins and Charles . Kraushaar, of the Police Central office; County Judge Reynolds and others. The Keeper and Deputy Keeper, upon conclusion of the services, conducted the visitors through the prison an explained the system and discipline, HOBOKEN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ‘The Relations and the Conflict Between Science and Religion—Discourse on Prayer by the Rev. Dr. Marshall. ‘The text of Dr. Marshall’s sermon yesterday was ‘taken from Luke xi., 37—“ASk, and it shall be given to you; seek, and you shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you.” This is one of Christ’s most precious utterances; and, in order to «show how the injunction might be best fulfilled, He subjoined the Lord’s Prayer, from which it is plain that one of the grand requisites of prayer is that it be made in the name ofJesus. “Prayer is the Christian’s vital bread.” A prayerless man is necessarily irreligious; he is spiritually dead, as the body is dead when the blood no longer courses througa the veins, Prayer is a presentation of wants to God; it isa petition to Jesus. Through the lips of the prophets God enjoined mankind to pray; and, although many faise prayers are con- Staptly breathed, nevertheless the world is full of genuine prayer. The ohicf REQUISITES OF PRAYER are, right motive, right 5; t, huinility, importa- nity, faith and perseverance. Among the many instances of God's love ior man is the fact that “the spirit maketh intercession in our behalf and helpeth our infirmitics.” It is truly an act of in- ‘nite cendescension of God to allow man to come to Him. Hence, in him who prays there shouid be deep desire to repay this love and to become pure and holy, like Christ. lience, too, the whole soul, the intellect, the will and the heart, should be addressed to God. The will, than which no power is more sovereign, ought to be 80 moved in devotion that the soul, like a bird abeut to take flight, is ready to sour on the wings of prayer wherevor its interest demands. Through this sym- metry of action of the powers of the soul in prayer tivers have ceased to roil, creat fires have been quenched, celestial bodies have stood still, Jonah was saved even in hell and Eitas rapt to heaven. In face of these wonders can we doubt that our earnest prayers fer blessings will be heard? It is ‘true that as are rained alike upon the just a the unjast, and that se should be offcred tor spiritual rather than for temporal favors. Nevertheless, if we ask for all our absolute necessities God will not fail to supply them. There are many unscripwural prayers cofiered; words are vain; utterances are phari- saical, Failures to obtain the desired boon are | seized by sceptics to disprove the eilicacy of true rayer. There are developed intellects and wills in Poastea revolt against it. The conclusions of physical science are quoted against tt. But mate- hal teste rit not do for spiritual things, ‘Ihe ma- terial and the spirliual are two sepatate orders. ‘The mode of procedure and investigation in the one has no analogy to that of the other. Did anatomists ever discover the memory, the under- Standing or the will by ANALYSIS OF THE TIUMAN DRAIN? Physica! eifects are produced only in harmony NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, FEBRUARY -24, 1873.-TRIPLE SHEET. > THE GRAIN TROUBLES. The Problem of Cheap and Ample Transportation. Statistics of the Immensely In- creased Production. RAIL AND RIVER ROUTES. The St. Lawrence and the Erie Canal—Mon- treal and Manhattan. The Farmer in Politios—A National Grange— Realization of the Jeffersonian “Farmers Republic’—What the Movement Con- templates and May Achieve. : Cnr0aco, M., Feb. 17, 1873. The Herap, in its leading article of the 1st inst. on “Cheap Transportation and the Necessi- ties of the West,” wherein was clearly indicated the power of Congress under the constitution to interfere and regulate tie prices to be charged for freight, and the auggestion coaveyed that trunk freight lines from the prairies to the seaboard should at once be built, has struck a popular chord in the West and given the agitation increased strength anda new direction. Much of the local agitation, as your correspondent has already had occasion to show, was only due to the regular an- nual clamor always raised when there isa large crop, or when the improvements of the St. Law- rence water route is under discussion. The aspira- tions of candidates for oftice desirous of obtaining the support of the rural members ‘Were a!so credited with a share of the agitation. But beyond and underlying all this was the indis- putable fact that each year, with its geometrically increasing corn crops, was bringing the time rap- idly nearer when the present tmpertect system must be swept away, and, in its stead, a system substituted under which it will be possible for what leaves Iowa a bushel of corn to arrive in New York something more than half a peck. Both sides—the farmers and the railroad men—had their friends and advocates in the Western press, but so plainly was it to be seen that the course of these journals was indicated and inspired by interest that their advocacy carried with it no weight, When, how- ever, the DzRaALD—which trom its position as a journal above the necessities of organship, and beyond the considerations of cheap applause aud a few weekly subscribers—stepped into the field and took sides with the people, an impression was at once created that the time had arrived when in the interests of the country at largo, not ofa class, clique or co;‘poration, THE GREAT RAILROAD PROBLEM had to be settled. And not alone in the immediate matter of fares and freighta and the providing of additional and adequate facilities for transporta- tion, but the still more momentous problem was coming up for solution—whether the national gov- ernment had the power and pluck to deal with and control the railroads, rendered more formidable year by year, as great companies become gigantic combinations, and corporations were created which made sovereign States their washpot, and threatened to cast out their shoe over the national government itself, In your correspondent’s previous letter he gave briedy the views of the railroads and farmers, with some extracts from the annual messages of the various Governors, all tending to show the hold which the question had obtained upon the public mind. Having since that writing visited Indiana and Western Llinois, so as to obtain the views of Eastern and Western producers, prepared statis- tics of various descriptions bearing upon the sub- ject, and having had conversations with railroad men (representing both the Eastern and Western roads), grain deaJersand editors of the agricul- tural press, he feels comparatively sure that this letter will be suMiciently exhaustive to render further correspondence unnecessary, Save as suc- cessive events arising may demand to be recorded as matters of news, IMMENSE INCREASE OF PRODUCTION. The immense increase of production has aston- ished all observers during the past three years, and any one who intelligently views the situation will conclude that this volume, already vast, will be gi- gantic by 1876. The States of lowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota are rapidly attracting immigrants, Ticy have all caught the raiiroad fever, too, and hun- dreds of miles of new ralls are being laid annually, not in trunk lines, but in feeders, which, striking off from systems already in existence, open up and tap new and fertile districts. In Iowa, for in- stance, & new, large and thinly settled State, eighty-nine counties out of ninety-nine have rail- roads running through them. Again, the Northern Pacific road, with the Fort Garry branch, has opened @ vast fertile tract for settlement and cultivation. And ail the productions of this vast and inereasing area are brought to Chicago, and must be brought to Chicago while she controls such trunk iines as the Illinois Central, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, Rock Isiand and Pacitic, Northwestern and St. Paul roads. ‘The produce of this area of country will be al- most exclusively corn. The wheat-growing belt scems to recede at the same pace that civilization advances, and the chitivation ef that superior cereal to be confined to newly-broken country. ‘The fact ison record that the wheat acreage and crop in Inois is not only not increasing reiatively to the population o! the State, but that it is really decreasing. But take the corn crop. In 1871 the receipts at Chicago were 41,853,138 bushels, the greatest ever known. In 1872 they amounted to 4 87 bushels, an increase of considerably over thirteen per cent, while the receipts for 1871 were 8,000,000 Of bushels, or twenty-three per cent over those of any preceding year. In two years the corn receipts have sprung from 33,750, bushels to 47,366,000 bushels. At this rate, or, rather, in view of the present prospects, it would seem as if tue annual receipts at Chicago would surpass SEVENTY-TWO MILLIONS OF BUSHELS of corn by the time of the celebration of our na- tional centenary. . oe shipments from Chicago last year were ag follows — Flour, Corn, Wheat, Barrels, —_Bushel, —- Bushelt. By lake .... 225,407 = 41,589,508 8,831,870 By vai 1,137,371 (6,424,044 3,929,176 DIE isinss 1,361,823 47,013,552 12,160,016 Of tis quantity Canada took about 5,260,000 bushels of corn and 2,300,000 bushels of wheat, the balance, about 52,000,000 bushels, going to New York, and there being distributed, consumed or exported, with the laws which God hath made, and which He can suspend at pleasure. Bui to apply physical | tests in the spiritual order Is as creat a folly as to submit the profound generalizations ef Key ler and Newton to the judgment of anidiot. As well might we expect to find in the iuteilect of the degraded savage a due M4 tee on of eloquence or poetry. The reverend gentieman continued at length on the other requisites af prayer, and energeticall; urged his hearers to pray frequeutiy and well. | Among the congregation were several professors | of the Stevens Institnte and of other educational , establishments, who listened with manifest pleas- | ure to the preacher's eloquent observations on the | absurd conflict between science and prayer. After | expla hing the object of prayer—viz., the glory of j—the pastor concluded by overiug up a prayer for various intentions, BROOKLYN BURGLARIES. The hat and far store of Balch & Price, in Fulton | street, near Tillary, was robbed recent:y of furs, &c., to the amount of $700. ‘The dwelling of Mrs, Hami}ton, 356 Clinton street, ‘was feloniously entered on Saturday night and robbed of clothing and jewelry to the amount of about two thousand dollars. Thomas Bushell’s butcher hep, at the corner of Smith and Warren streets, was / .oniously entered yesterday morning and robbed of $50 worth of rty. Sharies C. Batterman was airested on Saturday » might ona charge of stealing $152 worth of chairs from the Lee avenue Baptist church, Peter Monnett Was arrested and locked up on Saturday bight for aree to commit a bur- gary at the residence of dir. 5. J. Heliings, 198 South highth street, E. D. ATTEMPTED SUIUIDE. Atfce Guiney, of 454 West Nineteenth street, at- tempted to ent her throat last evening with a Je laboring under a iit of temporary in- mechs one was nttenued to by the surgeon o1 the ‘Sixtoonsh Qreciuct and sent to Bellovue Hosnitai, ‘The question of Eastern transportation natur- ally divides itself into two branches, and must be considered, as the land and water routes re- spectively are affected. In the matter of railway transportation it is notorious that while the trunk lines from Chicago westward have increased sevenfold within the last decade, the lines from Chicago to the East remain preciseiy as they were—no more in number, no more ample in accommodation. The only prospect — of reef is from the extonsicn of the Baltimore and Ohio's own line, which will not reach bere for some time. Icannot say that com- mercial men are at all sanguine of any good re- suits whatever froin the extension of ihis or any number of new lines to Chicago, “Under the principle of combination,” said a prominent merchant to me, “it is Impossible that any new line should ever reach Chicago. Before it gets half way here it will have been gobbled by the Erie or the Central or the Pennsylvania Com- pany. Or, if te managers do hold out, they find themselves without any outlet, for their line does not reach clear tirough to the coast. No; the only practical issue is one of the two which the HERALD suggests, We want trunk lines inde- peudent of existing routes, 4 PROM THI PRAIRIE TO THE SBA, a oe the same pe we aes some Viccdpa dni e people ress taking hold of the pres- ent romissh 2 Cone ~ . That the present roads can be made to do much More business is certain—that la, when double or treble lines Of track are laid. ‘Ihe Detroit tunnel, too, will afford a@ Telief, As things now are the Michigan Central, with facilities for transportin 3,000 tons of freight datly, if not more, is shu down to 1,300 tons a the necessity of ‘terriage. But What avail these litue increments of carryin, facilities when one road here has sixteen miies of cars loaded and awaiting transportation, and the corn trade of Chicago is increasing at the rate of 7,000,000 bushels a year? For Semana reliet it is evident that the West must look, despite all its disadvantages, to WATER TRANSPORTATION, Here the same diiliculties meet us, with, how- ever, more case in arriving at a temporary solu. tion. There are two great routes, the St. Law- rence route aud the Eric route, both of which require, are susceptible of and will receive im- rovement, Between Illinois and New York there a8 always been @ very bitter focling, the Western shippers holding that New York took such exorbi- tant tolls on her cenaig a8 to render them in the dull as costly as railroads and far less satisiactory means of rtation. | in spite of the grumble, Chicago uses and continue to use “Clinton’s Ditch,” and the introduction of steam het rel or railway ti with that Mbera!l and en- Ughtened policy w! he HERALD has never failed to urge upon the State, will do much for the West. At Sgt the annual agitation is being carried ob with mare than the average vigor in favor of the Carfadian canals, either for the opening of now Tribune, especialy, is urging the’ construction of & especi ng ruc canal by way of Lake Simcoe from Lake Huron to Lake Ontario, foapesint that the project has already been investigated and condemned on account of excessive lockage and the immense cost necessi- tated by a feeder to carry water to a part of the canal somewhat less elevated than Mount Washing- ton. The eorgiay ay and ¥rench River routes are impracticable for the time required to build them, and the inability of the Dominion to under- take any more burders than those it now has on its hands. The vision of OUNARDERS AT CHICAGO is, therefore, I fear, premature, and the West must. content itself with an enlargement ef the present canal system of the St. Lawrence. THR ERIE-WELLAND SQUABBLE. It will not be out of place hee to advert ina sentence or two to the common sense of the Erie- Welland controversy. The friends of the Canadian canals and the grumblers at the Erie tariff united form about three-quarters of the grain traders of Chicago. Within the past few years purchasers of gran on Montreal account have notably increased in the West, so that every year’s returns shoy an increased shipment to Kingston and Montreal. This argument is used to reinlorce the gcographi- cal one, and these facts are appealed to to prove that ruin is approaching for the New York canals, and that Montreal will, at no distant , Wrest jrom New York the trade of tue West. This, on Paper, is correct. But the saine power which attracts the wheat of Minnesota and the corn of Wisconsin to Chicago Lei? than to Duluth and iwaukee, will operate to the full as strongly in favor of New York as against Montreal, To para- hrase Rabelais, ‘Advances are tie sinews of rade.” Bills of lading will go the same way as the bank drafts, While New York furnishes the money to move the Western crops and to pay the Western roducer, and while New York attracts the vessels: laden with European goods for that Western pro- ducer and desirous of return freights, so long New York must receive the Western grain freights, The Montreal business may increase, but it is because Montreal merchants are going lato the business and buying the rain out and out, not because the current of trade tween the prairie and seaboard is deviaiing in- exorably {rom the course it has followed since first it bezan its dow. The general conclusions thus warranted are precisely those at which the HERALD has editorially arrived as regards the railroads, while as to the canals we are impelled to believe that the West demands increased facilitics at once and a readjustment of rates, There is sume dis- cussion in the West as to the propriety of having the Erie Canal purchased and made free forever or its tolls materially reduced, but the movement has not yet assumed iorm and proportions such as to warrant special notice. A CORRECTION. In a previous letter your correspondent alluded to fast ireight lines as one of the grievances com- plained of by the Cr shippers, Who affect to re- gard them as railyvad Credit Mobilier concerns, Which absorb the profits the companies would otherwise make, and enhance the cost of transpor- tation. 1 find on investigation that one count of the charge ts true—that these fast limes are gen- erally owned and conirolled by the ofti- cers of tho companies, wio peekes large profits, which might accrue to the companies were the companies to organize their own express freight lines, But aimost ail the business of these lines consists in handling westward bound freight; that, too. of a character requiring rapid time ‘and careful transit. The influence exerted on grain seeking the Hast by these lines is not largely per- ceptible or important, except in as far as the division of profits among @ ring which should zo to the compeay) hinders a reduction of rates to figures which would otherwise be profitable, DISCRIMINATION AS TO INDIVIDUALS. In a previous statement 1 gave the arguments of the railroads and producers on the subject of dis- crimivating rates as between sections of country and competing points. I find that the raliroad companies do discriminate, and discriminate largely, between individual shippers at and to the same place, with most injurious effect. While A cannot get a car B comes in half an hour later and secures a whole train. Where A is charged thirty cenis & bushel to Chicago on grain which he is pur- chasing in Minnesota or Iowa, B is permitted to slip all he can buy at twenty-five, twenty- two or even twenty cents, so that he can undersell A ten cen! & bushel, The result, naturally, is great injustice to buyers who are not in tie ring, and practically restricts purchasing operations to the man who “stands in” with the company. The next result is the creation Of @ monopoly and the establisument o/ a standard price ten or ilitcen cents below the value of the grain, local buyers and millers are only too giad to coniorm to the standard, and the producer 1s robbed 01 s0 many dollars a car. There is reason to believe that in many cases oficers of roads en- gage in this traitic, and that the buyers alung their lunes are only their agents, THE WASTE QF FOOD, ‘ They are buraing, at the lowest calculation, 60,000 busnels of corn in Iowa for {uei every day! A statement of this sort needs no comment to make it impressive. Time was when, it being found impossible to snip corn ata profit, the pro- ducer fed it to hogs and marketed it in the form of pork. Last year this was muci done, and Chicago handied 3,690,000 hogs, as compared with 2,650,000 the year before, As @ result prices were, in the deiicate language of a trade circular, “hardly sat- isfactory to the producer, though as good as could be expected, when the state of the market Was taken into consideration,” Thus fares tie remote producer, who can neither get his corn to market nor feed it to advantage, How fares, however, the farmer in Central Il- Mnois or Egypt? Corn is quoted at 604 cents in New York, and it costs. 43 cents to get it there, leaving the grower 18 cents, or thereabouts, at the station. How corn pays at 18 cents is shown by the account of a farmer who gold 10,000 bushéls at that price, his year's crop:— Dr.—10,000 bushels, in the ertb, Shelling, &c., at 1 Hauling ‘to station, at do. Proft.. And out of that $50 margin comes interest on investment, taxes, implements, his own living, fencing and the like! Even under the most favorable circumstances in his Summer time the siipper stands no chance. 1 he ships by water all the way to New York, rates are from twenty-three to twenty-iive cents from Cll- cago. To that price (forty-three cents) add trans- portation to Chicago, elevating, cost of carrying grain, interest and all these expenses, and whit is thefe leit? Nothing. CAUSE OF THE PARMER’S L083. There was atime within my own memory when it was the vaunt of the Illinois tarmer that ne could Reo corn at twelve and a half cents at a profit. that, however, was before the war. 4t costs no more labor now than it did then to produce a bushel of corn, but the labor costs more and the bushel purchases less. A witty paragraphist some- what flippantly says:— . “In lowa it takes twenty bushels of corn to buy one pair of-boots, and it wears out one pair of boots to raise twenty bushels of corn.” That aw, resumes the situation. Labor 1s far higher than of yore; implements, clothing, luxuries—all have been “protected,” and so have appreciated. Freights have advanced, and the Jarmer alone of allthe community finds that he has remained stationary in the matter of revenue, while his expenditure is as great as that of any oue else. THE FARMER IN POLITICS. The MERAL) lias already stated that the farmer had begun to apply the principle of union to secure for themselves in legislation that consideration to which their numbers and importance entitle them. Of the new order, the gramges of husbandry, he poe to speak in another letter. In the mean- ime it may be said that at the meeting of the lowa State Grange last week 804 § Were repre- sented by nearly one thousand bee whose constituents probably number forty thousand. Though it does seem a little odd for a farmers’ Order to be presided over by a manufacturer, as was the case in lowa, it must be acknowledged that the action of the State Grange were such as to show that the movement was 8 nuine one, Steps were taken to rid the Order of @& number of shar! who had been using it for their own profitand teok Do interest in the cause per se. The Grange unani- mously decided to make the railroad question a test question in the biennial State elections of 1874, and that its members would vote for no candi- date who was not pledged to secure control of the railroads by the State and reduced rates. A na- tional grange Was aiso formed and the ene ae freely expressed of bringing the question into tional politics. As a matter of course it may be imagined that the Jowa legislators have developed sudden and lively interest in the farmer. There 1s, Of course, the usual possibility that the move- ment may fall foto the hands pi the politiciansand that to party advancement may be cevoted the eal awakened in the cause of national reform. This, however, is nothing more thana possibility. Wehave uarentees for the good faith of the movement in the absence frem the liste of its rs thus far of the dem aud projessional agitators. is the caution displayed by the chiefs, who deciare that they are now ratiier an army of observation than anything else, and that they will commit themselves to bo definite line of action without due consideration. The Western farmers, in.the first flush of the consciousness of their united strength, are seeing visions and dreaming dreams. ey believe the realization of Jefferson's idea possible and probable—that A FARMERS’ REPUBLIC can bo established. They are, therefore, full of statistics as to the unbounded power of an organi. zation which can cast the vote of all the Ear ciags of America, whose members shali be knit to- -gether by a community of interests, This is @ pretty and a pleasant viston, thongh, having given the subject some attention within the past few weeks, I fail to pin my faith to the cause toso considerable an extent, Nothing isclearer than that the farmers, if united, could eep couy- try and elect a Proadent and Congress of tyoir own, but it is not pears 90 clear that the farmers can be united. The grievance of which they com- Bore soversiy: that oe ly feels i 0. verely Indiana; Ohio scarce! els it at all; the Eastern producer, who is next door to the consumer, still less, A union between the farmers of all Sections, for what would led as the almost exclusive benefit of one section, would be impossible. Fur- ther, the farmers, as a rule, are identified with the republican party, now committed to a high tari Itey, and would have scruples about carry- ing schism to a point which would render prona- the triumph of the democxacy, even though such & triumph should result in a low tariff and the farmers’ advantage. Finally, the election at a farmers’ congress would be the signal for the gathering at Washington of the representatives of every corporation and industry that was threat- ned, aud where an amount o! money was at stake to which the Crédit Mobilicr millions were but a trife, what reason is there to suppose that the vir- tue of agricultural Congressmen would prove more stubborn than that of the Christian statesman, Colfax ? THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM must, for the present at least, be found in the forcing of the issue between the governinent and the railroads upon Congress while the recent in- vestigations have still same effect in making the members of Congress cautious about their action, and then, with honesty of purpose on the part of the farmers and the vigilance of the HERALD and the rest of the independent press, there is ground lor belicf that the existing wrongs may be righted. THE SITUATION IN ILLINOIS. Before the State Legislatures here the situation is unchanged. The question as tothe constitu- tionality of the laws fixing rates of fare and freight and forbidding discrimination is pending in the Supreme Court, An ass in tne Legisiature last week, anxious, evidently, to concill- ate the horny-handed farmer, wanted to iutroduce a resolution calling on the Supreme Sourt fo do aby prem tly and fearlessly, but, lob, very properly withdrew it. The railroad men are quiet, determined and con- fident, declaring that theirrates are reasonable and that to charge fess than they now do would be to do injustice to their shareholders, They have more coniidence in tue nonforfeitability of their charters and the unconstitutionality of the Stute law appointing railroad commissioners than I have. By the way, it must be taken as a significant sign—one not at all cheering to the tarmers—that the entire railroad lobby at Springfield consists of one man, Who represents all the railroudsin his own person, thus showing that the railroads are united and are not on bad terms with the legislators, THE WAR BETWEEN THE PEOPLE AND THB RAIL- Minnesota ‘feel it =] 9 ROADS on the three conts a mile question still continues on almost every road inthe State, by a tacit un- derstanding between passengers and conductors it has come to be recognized that whenever there are more passengers than train-men the conductor will take three cents a mile; while, Waenever the train hands are in the majority, the passengers must pay fullfare, A good many conductors take the three cents proflered py passengers when they suspect that the passenger is ambitious of martyr- dom, and so rob him of the martyr’s crown and his money too, Rather a good, thing happened at Champaign last Saturday. An enthusiast got up a public excursion at taree cents a mile, to which went nearly every young man and inaiden in tle town. They tendered the three cents a mile to the conductor, who took it, as they were too numerous to be ejected by force, and the triumphant three- centers were boisterous in their exultation. Alas! the conductor gave his brother on the down train a hint of what was in store tor him. This latter, a man of resource, hitched on an empty passenger car to the cud of his train and locked the doors of all the other cars, The excursionists, to the num- ber ofa hundred, ali scrambled into this car, con- gratulating themselves on their success and good fortune, when the conductor quickly locked the doors, backed the car into a siding, uncoupled it and left the martyrs for principle at a wer station thirty miles from home on @ Saturday night, THE COURTS. TOMBS POLICE COURT. Wholesale Arrest of Youthfal Pick- pockets—Judge Dowling’s Acivice to the Tatlors—Another Bond Case. For a long time past men doing bu:iness down town have been subjected to the raids of youthful pickpockets who infest the lower part of the city. They range in years from twelve to nineteen. They ply their avocation principally among tbe more crowded thoroughfares, espectaliy around the Astor House and Printing House square, They usually make their attacks on the outside overcoat fob pocket, which was made for the convenience of carrying small change, but which reaily proves a convenience to young thieves, On Saturday last Detectives John A. McDonald, of the Third precinct, and Detectives rick Dolan and Van Buskirk, of the Sixth, made @ raid on these gamins and succeeded In arresting a number oi them. They were brought before Judge Dow- ling, at the fombs Police Court, yesterday mor ing. Detective McDonald had under his charge three boys, named Patrick Harkins, James Kane afi Gabriel Thomas. Detective Dolan had Richard Murphy, William Hartnett, David J, Kickney and John Gorman, Detective Yan Buskirk produced two whofe named Juha Smart and William Prender- ast, < Alter the complaints were taken Judge Dowling “I think It would be a good Idea if all the tailors in the city were recommended to do away with these outside fob pockets, as they offer an induce- ment to crime, and young boys who have not had the advantages of good home-teaching, and do not know the difference between right and wrong, find this an easy means to provide themselves with pocket-money.”’ Many of the parents of these boys were in Court pce loudly and asking for their discharge; ut His Honor told them that they were only en- couraging their children in wrong doing by at- tempting to maintain their innocence, ‘They were a!l committed in $300 for trial at the Special Ses- sions. After these cases were disposed of Joseph Bell, the late District Attorney, of 257 Broadway, ap- peared in Court with a boy named John Sullivan, who had taken $3 from his fob pocket yesterday morning. Officer Sullivan arrested him. The prisoner, who was about nineteen years old and wee to write his name, was held to answer 1n $1,000, Samuel Kee, of Cambridge, Mass,, was arraigned? beiore His Honor by Fitch, Otis & Co, stock brokers, 1m Pine street. The complainants alleged that they had sent to him $5,000 worth of Lavamle City, Kan., boads some time since, and that he had failed to return eithor the bonds or the proceeds, He was arrested by Detective Simonton on a warrant issued by a Jus- tice of the Peace in Cambridge, Judge Dowling gave it as hisepinion that Mr. Kee could not be charged with embezzlement according to the stato- ment of the Mee getters as he had only acted as their agent and at mosicould be adjudged guilty of abreach of trust. Mr. Kee sald he did not wish to take advantage of any technicality in the law. He said:—“I admit that I got these ponds and I failed 1 return them, I am willing to do the square thing.” seine Dowling—Are you willing to go back to Cambridge without a@ requisition ¢ Mr. Kee—Yes, sir, Judge Dowling—Well, oMcer, you can start with him. The train starts at seven o'clock, 1 believe. YORKVILLE POLICE CCURT. Theft, Policy Dealing, Filching a Coat and Receiving Stolen Goods. Samuel Watson, aged twenty-one, of 244 East Thirtieth street, was accused of the theft of two rings valued at $60, the property of Mary Williams, of 132 Greene street. The prisoner, she swore, oc- cupied the next room to hers when she went out, leaving in her bureau drawer the missing rings. When she returned they were gone, and from the circumstances surrounding their disappearance she thought no one else could have taken them but Watson. Justice Bixby thought so tov, and com- mitted the prisoner for trial, Stil Captain Wiliams, of the Twenty-first pre- cinct, contimues his efforts to rid his ward of policy shops; but whatever he docs seems to have litte or no effect, as those he arrests are very seldom brongnt to trial. On Saturday night Nicholas Mul- ler, While running a shop at No. 631 Third avenue, was arrested and arr lined at Court yesterday. He was committed for trial in default of $1,000 ball, which shows that Justice Bixby, at least, will co-operate with the Captain in his laudable undertaking. Catharine Tally, of No. 423 East Fitty-second street, charged Rickard Kelly with stealing her husband’s Suaday-go-to-meeting coat. Jt is prob- able that it is his Brst offence, He admitted the charge and was held for trial. Mr. Charles Spencer oifered $5,000 bail, the amount fixed Justice Bixby on Friday in the case of Isaac Goldstein, the alleged receiver of the silk velvet goods stolen irom Richard Richards’ store, in Broadway. It was not accepted, because it was illegal to take bail oa Sunday, aud Goldstein was recommitted to prison. This man and his wite, it i id, Own considerable real estate in hariem and down town, in conse- quence of which his connection with the burglary alluded to is @ mattor of surprise to his acquaint- ances. COURT CALENDARS—THIS DAY. SUPREME COURT—GENERAL TERM.—Nos. 225, 235, i 2A, 2485 175, 170, 186, 188, 198, 11, 201, 228, 245, 24 30, 251, 252, 368, 354, 256,"250,"250, 260, 362, 263, 204, SUPREME COURT—CiRCUIT—Vart 2.—Case on. No calendar, SUPRSME CovRT—Srroiut TEKM.—Demurrers— Nos. 6, 89. Issues of law and fact—Nos, 101, 125, 119, ovine’ 149, 274, 6, 123, 175, 182, 183, 189, 192, 248, 275, 47 SUPREME COURT—~CHAMBERS,—Nos. 24, 36, 33, 45, 58, 59, 61, & 63, 64, 65, 6, 70 7 84, 101, 104, 111, 158, 130, 142," 181, 165, 15%, 16}, 178, 150, 100, 191, 102, 195, 196, 197, 198, 108, ' Call 200, Sursakiok CourT—TuiaL TeaM.—Adjourned for the term, Count OF COMMON PLRAS—TRIAL TeRM—Part %.—Nos, 1850, 1598, 1237, 3103, 1835, 1850, 1543, 1646, 1173, 519, 1912, 1866, 1802, 1960, 1961, Jo9eh 0c, om 67, 1003, Kquity term adjourned to Wedpesdy: 19 Dexh FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL. THE STRINGENCY IN THE MONEY MARKET, Tho Natural and Artificial Influ- ences Causing It. PROSPECT FOR THE FUTURE. The Firmness of the Stock Market and the Reason of Its Speculative Support. The Gold Pool and Their Rela- tions to the Market. Tho Syndicate and the Refunding of the Public Debt. f WALL Street, Sunpay, Feb, 23, 1873, The weck in Wall street, which was brought to 8 close on Friday evening, so far as business was concerned, by the occurrence of the anniversary of Washington's Birthday on Saturday, was devoid of important features, so far as . SPECULATION went, but wasremarkable for further activity in the money market, the rates on call having ranged as high as 4 a 3-16 percent a day, equivalent in lesa technical terms to 45 a 68 per cent per annum. Curiously enough, the very last business day, Fri- day, saw o remarkable relaxation to as low as 3 per cent per annum, in explanation of which it is said that the brokers who had been previously act- ing im concert for the purpose of securing extrava- gant terms for the use of the money, which they had in turn borrowea from certain banks and bankers, failed to make their usual arrangements for CONTROLLING THE MARKET, and in their haste to employ the moncy during the three days to Monday vied with each other in lond- ing tt during the closing hour of business, and so broke the rate to a simply nominal figure. The revelation thus made of some of the causes of the current monetary stringency should not be taken to indicate that the scarcity is entirely artificial. The action of the clique of brokers who thus con- spired to make money out of the scarcity of money could not have been successful had not the con. dition of the market been such as to give them tho power of dictating THE RATES FOR MONEY. The amount they controlled, as a lever to operate upon the market, was probably not more than two or three millions, but it was suficient, In the close working of money, to give them the power of fix- ing what rates they should get from borrowers who éame to them late in the day for the where- Withal to “make up’ their bank accounts, The unusual scarcity of money in this city for the season of the year is reflected 1n the condition of the banks, whose reserves, as shown by their last return, are nearly two millions below the amount which, according to the extent of their liabilities, they should have on hand in order to COMPLY WITH TIE Law. Tn their defence it is alleged that the deficiency is confined to the State banks, which are not amena- ble to the laws regulating the national banks. Be this as it may, and the excess in the latter institu- tions 1s nothing to boast of, the fact remains that the banks were never poorer in their history than they now are. Even with the immense strain of the Chicago fire panic upon their resources their reserves did not fall to so low a linc as they now stand at. When we look for the causes of THR SCARCITY OF MONEY ~ (outside the depredations of the guerilias, whosé operations have been noted above), we find it due to a stoppage this year of the usual annual reflux from the West. Indeed, money has been going to the leading cities of the West—Chicago, Cincinnati and St. Louls—in a steady stream for several weeks, instead of coming this way, as was the cus- tomary thing heretofore. The Chicago moncy market has been relieved by liberal receipts of money from this city, but we are told tho effect has been to expedite the MOVEMENT OF GRAIN in this direction and to send money into the in- terior, When, then, are we to get the money again? At St. Louis, which is growing rapidly into an important moneyed centre, exchange on New York is at a discount of 1% percent. We can, therefore, look for no immediate return of money from that source. Meantime, that wonderful city, Boston, which, on its destruction by fire, implored the Secretary of the Treasury not to issue green- backs lest inflation should enhance the cost of re- building itself, is now helping our money market by buying free.y the better grades of our MERCANTILE PAPER, thus affording relief toaclass of the community who constantly deserve it and who are suffering tne most from the present poverty of the banks, It is a remarkable fact that in face of the persistent and excessive stringency of the money market stocks during the week were mostly firm, and closed at more or less improvement in prices. In explanation of this we must fall back upon the theory that the speculative element of the street has argued that the situation of the money market was more likely to-improve than grow worse, aud that, as “the darkest hour is just before the dawn,” THE CHANCES were that money was to become easier. Yet this calculation has been disappointed the past week, for the bank statement has not only shown @ further impairment of legal reserve, but money has been less accessible, As far as the outsiders and public have been concerned the stringency in money has worked its normal effect and has deterred speculation. The “orders” at the Stock Exchange from day to day were never 80 exclusively of clique origin as at present, aud the great American public were seldom go slightiy interested. Money makes more things than the mare go. Without an abundance of it the brokers may continue to look for dull times, THE GOLD MARKET, after an early “spurt” to 114%, dropped to 114%, under heavy sales by the clique, who were making a “turn” to realize the profits of their movement preparatory to counsels a8 to future operations, the extraordinary ease of money tn London induc- ing a sober second thought as to the wisdom of following the speculation too rashly. Theextreme fiuctuations dafly in tueprice of geld during the week were as follows :— Monday - iii iis « 14% 114g « 1d lide 114% 14 (Washington’s Birthday.) The last sales Friday were at 114% and the cios- ing quotation was 114% @ 114%. STOCKS ON FRIDAY. ‘The following table shows the highest and lowest prices ol the principal stocks during the day :— pith New York Central.... +4 . (No transactions.) Wu 9044 Northwestern preferred... ‘4 See land 112% Rock Isiand Bits St. Paul... + 63 St, Paul preterred.... + TG Onto and Mississippi. 4% Union Pacific. + Baby C., C. an 41% 101 DLs Pactilc Mall. is ‘The following were the prevailing quotationa at the time the Board gp agg sae? '* % Rook Island. ..Ha% % M12 Lake Shore. Union Pacitic:. 4% THE SYNDICATE—SOME’ QUESTIONS ANSWERED AND SUGGESTIONS OFFERED, In your paper of February 20 “Finance” asked the following two questions :— Will you please explain the operation of the Treasury in recalling $100,000,000 United States six per cent bonds at par in gold, when, as showa to-day at the sinking fund purchase, millions were Ollered to the Treasury at about 99% ? Aro the Syndicate agents to enjoy another profit at the expense of the people ? My answer tothe first question is that if $100,000,- 000 were bought on the Stock Exchange the price would advance from 99% to 99%, may be te 100 «if bought at different times and places it would be trom 9934 @ 100, but probably the Principal part could be bought below 9034. As to the second question, I think that if a Syndt- cate received $100,000,000 to pay and wait for the bonds which are recalled, such a Syndicate could make the following profits :— First—Compensation for redemption expenses, Second—The interest of the money for all the bonds offered after the 7th of May, 187: Third—The use of the capital or the interest of the money ior bonds burat or destroyed in didierent ways. Secretary Boutwell has recalled $100,000,000 United States six per cent bonds, but from certam series andnumbers. From this amount $10,000,000 are reg- istered bonds, and very probably all in Americas hands, but the balance is mostly in the hands of Ger- mansand Holianders, Twenty years’ experience in money matters in Europe has taught me that United States bonds are in the hands of all classes of peorie. loteltigent andignorant, It is therefore evident (particularly if the redemption is not ex- tensively advertised) that a number of investors who possess bonds of the series or numbers called for redemption will not know it untt! some time alter the 7th of May, 1873, when the interest ceases, possibly not until the coupons are due on the 1st of November, 1573, or 1st of May, 1374, the Syndicate making a profit of 396 per cent. More than once I collected money in Europe for bonds which were announced as drawn or redeemed, and on which the owner sullered a loss of six months, sometimes two years’ interest. Krom old Russian, Dutch and Austrian loans @ relative important amount of bonds are lost through fire or other causes, and although the American six per cent loan belongs to recent issues, it is evident that under the condi- tions just mentioned it should offer the chances of large profit in this way to the Syndicate, Aman who sells at 99% or 09% testifies by thia sale that he ts willing to sell below par, but now when @ government redeems bonds from certain Series and numbers it will bring ponds out of the hands of poopie who had not tie slightest wish to sell them, while others who are satisfied about a country which sold them bonds on which they have made a clear profit of 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or less per cent, besides the interest, will be more or Jess inclined to change their redeemed six per cent bonds ior a bond of the new five per cent loan. NEw Youk, Feb. 22, 1873, E, J. N. DOMESTIO MARKETS. Nuw Onrxays, Feb, 22, 1873 Cotton—Not pts, 6,092 haless eros LO Fexyortie To Liverpool, 20,577; coastwise, 2,009; to'the Continent, 2,918. Stock,’ 179,450. Wiiwinaton, N. C., Feb. 22, 1873. Spirits of turpentine quiet at 6ic. Rosin quiet; $315 for sivained crude, Turpentine steady; $325 for hard, in $5 2 for yellow dip and Virginia, ‘Tar steady, $2 50. Burraig. N. ¥., Feb. 22, 1973, Flour quict; Western Spring, $700 a $8; amber, $3 50a $9 25; white, $9 50 a gl sales only in No. 2 Spring, $1 52.0 $1 53 white Canada, $1 52a $2; white Michivan, $1 90 Corn steady at 53c. in store, 52c. on the track; sales 1,590 bushels Western on the track at 52c. Oats dull; quoted atd2c. a 43c. for Western, 45c, for No.2 Toledo. Barley scarce; sales I car two-rowed State on the track at Bac. lear Western on the track at 9c. ; Canada held at 9c. 1; No. 2 Western, We. a %e.; four-rowed Siate, tye nominally Shc,’ Barley maif steady; Western, $1 @ $110; prime Winter Western, $1 10a $1 15; prime Can- Ada, $1 20a $125, Rve malt held at $1. Provisions—Moss Bein $13 60. Short cuts, $13 9), Hams, Ige. | Shoulders, 7 a $7 0 percwt. Dried beet, I7c. Beet tonguts, $6 per OL ate igo. w 8X0. in ‘kos wiid tubs Bronkfast bacon, go. _ oo Sek oe FINANCTAM. | TLANTIC SAVINGS CHATHAM SQUARB and New Bowery. Money deposited on or before March 1 draws interest from that date. ‘This bank has a guarantee fund of $193,722 25. being a surplus equal to nine per cent above all its habilities. RRISON HALL, President. C.D. Barury, Treas. JOSEPH P, COOPER, Secretary. —NONEY TO LOAN—ON BOND AND MORTGAGE, in New York, Brtoklyn and New Serncy. Princt- pals ouly apply to SAMUELS, WOOD, Jr., 155 Broadway, room ALEXE. LAUDERDALE BUNCAN IS AUTHORIZED to sign our name by procuration, Fen. 15, 1873. DUNCAN, SHERMAN & 00, ~ LARGE ESTATE FUND OF $125,000 TO LOAN ON £ York clty, Properly ; $55.00) to buy frst Mort. ‘azo on Brooklyn Real Estate. Principals address AT- ‘UR NEY, box 3i9 New York Post office. A —$6,500 FIRST MORTGAGE, ONE YEAR TO RUN, « secured on 60 acres choice land; New Jersey, om PE hier? Railroad; worth $15,000. Address CASH, box 174 Herald office. Gr. CITY SECOND MORTGAGES WANTED—UAV- ing not more than two years to run; large amounts preferred, W. D, & F. BARTLES, 56 Wall street. (paee ae SIX PER CENT PAST DUE BUNDS X wanted; also Virginia Coupons off consolidated Bonds. JOUN B, MANNING, No. 5 New street. JJOWES & MACY, BANKERS, 9 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, OFFER THE SAME FACILITIES TO DEPOSITORS AS INCORPORATED BANKS, AND ALLOW INTEREST ON DAILY BALANCES AT THE RATE OF FOUR PER CENT. 1: Caer 9 & BRAINE, ll BROAD STREET, Stock and Gold Brokers, Block Privileges asepecialty; Pats, Calls and Double Privileges on all active stocks; small capitalists will find this a sate ethod peculating ; ee panatory circulars, with ret jon, hod of spect e8, Mailed on applica TAPSLEY & BAZLEY, BROKERS, 47 EXCHANGE 4 place.—Stock privilezes $100 for 100 shares stock, 30 or 60 days. Norisk beyond amount paid for privilexe. Explanatory circulars with reterences mailed to any address. AY names on all contracts. FICE ERIE RAILWAY COMPANY. New Yous, Feb. 11,1373 DIVIDEND.—The directors of this company havo de- clared a di arnings of the road for the dend from ih six months ending 3ist PD mer ultimo, of three and one-half per cent on the pi rred stock, and also a divi- dend of one and three-quarter per cent on the common stock, from the earnings of the road for twelve months ending December 31 last, both payable on the 15th day of March next, at the Treasurer's office, 259 Eighth ‘avenue, to the registered holders of stock at the closing of the hooks. The Transfer Books for both preferred and_common stock will be closed at the close of business on Saturday, the Istday of Murch next, and remain closed until t morning of the 16th of March. By order of the Board, 0,000 to Gnd Mortgages With, SAWARD & LEAVIP $50 00 TO LOAN—TO PARTIES HAVING Dou, lots, unencumbered, in New York or Brooklyn, and w ing to build. Cali on or address L. H., reet, New York. builder, 3i Bridge bt TO LOAN OR BUY MORTGAGES. $150.000 Any desired amount, Property in New ok, Brooklyn, Westeliester and New Jor-oy: also Money PAUL P. TODD, 56 Liberty street without bonus. $225,000 tis citrels aims of $405 ae words; Secom d, Apply to on + THE AMERICAN MECHANIOS. SUNDAY, Feb, 23, 1873, To THE Epiror oF THE HEBRALD:— I noticed im to-day’s exaLp the report of the O. U. A. M. parade, and in that report there were several mistakes, which f hope you will correct by inserting thts in your paper. You gave the public to understand that the Order of United American Mechanics was @ young organization—organized some three years ago—and numbered some six! lodges tn the tmieed States. To do us justice I w: give yon the real nombera:—In New York State alone there are 71 lodges; in Pennsylvania, 310 lodgea; New Jersey, 90; Maryland, 20; Delaware, 50; IMinols, 33; Indiana, 29; ba orny %4; Con- necticut, 27; Massachusetts, 45; West Virginia, and is growing rapidly every day. You also sti that we are enly three years old, when we were organized. thirty-eight years ago in the city of Phila~ deiphia, and are growing fast. By inserting this i luabl er you Will much ob! tn your valuable pepe Tun OF THE O. Ue A. M. WHOLESALE TEA THEFT IN NEWARK. George Brown, @ colored man of middle age, late of the New JerseyState Prison, ts now confined in the Newark Jail, awaiting examination on a charge of stealing two chesta of tea, worth $100, from the front of A. Bier! 8 store, corner of Market and Waghington streets Newark. <Aiter being arrested by Chier Rogers and Detective Mexfanus, and wien near the station, he made a degperate attempt to, break away, The reserve was called out and ug was Secured, The police say George is a very bu: cause, PROBABLE MURDER. ‘Thomas Shannon, of 400 West Forty-sixth street, ‘was stabbed in the side last night with @ knife by @n unknown man at 726 Ninth avenue. Ap alter. euaen caeered aie aaa le tan an e 8 ng oO tended to at the Sixteenth precinct station house on of tho district and sent to tla tes Meio t fe refused to oe g 4 complaint to the police or give the name ha man Wig | wonnwed Lim,