The New York Herald Newspaper, February 3, 1873, Page 6

6 {EW YORK HERALD BROADWAY AND ANN STREET. JAMES GORDON BENNETT, * PROPRIETOR. Volume XXXVIII. AMUSEMENTS THIS LVENING, UARE THEATRE, Union square, between Brosdeay sad fourth av.—Oxe HuspuxD Yuaus OLD. WALLACK’S THEATRE, Broadway and Thirteenth street.—Brommrr Sam. BOOTH'S THEATRE, Twe: a@venue.—Ticket or Leave M THEATRE COMIQWE, No. 514 Broadway.—Taz Pano mama or Cutcaco, OLYMPIC THEATRE, Broadway, betweén Houston and Bleecker streets.—ALuAmBRa. GERMANIA THEATRE, Fourteenth street, near Third ay.—Das MILCHMARDCHEN AUS SCHOENBERG. ‘NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1873—TRIPLE SHEET. Responsibility fer Official Corruption— The Example of Washington Upon Albany. There are no doubt many honest and pa- triotic people in the United States of America. It is quite certain that there are millions of citizens within the Republic who pursue a legit- . 34 | imate business in a legitimate manner, who possess more or less intelligence, and who are ordinarily prudent and upright in their deal- ings with their fellow men. Out of our forty millions of population, not one in a hundred follows political life as a money making spec- ulation, and probably ninety-nine in every -third street, corner Sixth hundred are aware that professional politicians as.a general rule are unworthy of confidence and seek office only to prey upor the country. Yot we find these honest, patriotic, intelligent millions year after year aiding to place the af- fairs of the nation and of the several States in the hands of persons who they would not trust BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Burraro But—Sracx | with the management of their private concerns. Struck Yankee. NEW FIFTH AVENUE THEATRE, 728 and 730 Broad- way.—ALixe. "§ MUSEUM, Broadway, corner KWn tar-Anwansa® TraveuLer. Atternoon a ATHENEUM, No. £8 Broadway.—Granp Varirty Ey- TRRTAINMENT, NIBLO'S GARDEN, Broadway, between Prince an Houston streets.—Leo anp Lotos. . MRS. F. B. CONWAY'S BROOKLYN THEATRE.— Love's Sacrivice. BROOKLYN ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Montague st.— Uncre Tom's Canin. RRYANT'S OPERA HOUSE, Twenty-third st.. 6th av.—Nxcro Minstaetsy, Eccentricity, &c. corner TONY PASTOR'S OPERA HOUSE, No. 201 Bowery.— Vantety ENTERTAINMENT. SAN FRANCISCO MINSTRELS, corner 28th st. and Troadway.—ETHioriaN MinsTRELSY, tc, - ASSOCIATION HALL, 234 street and 4th av.—Bet- Lkw's Reapines, NEW YORK MUSEUM OF ANATOMY, 618 Broadway.— FCIFNCE AND ARt, New York, Monday, Feb. 3, 1873. eae sce ne THE NEWS OF YESTERDAY. Contents of the Herald. 'To-Day’s “RESPONSIBILITY FOR OFFICIAL CORRUPTION! THE EXAMPLE OF WASHINGTON UPON ALBANY’'—LEADER—SIXTH PAGE, A MOST DISASTROUS STORM DEVASTATING GREAT BRITAIN!» LONDON BLOCKADED BY SNOW! HEAVY DRIFTS IN THE COUNTRY! THE RAVAGES OF THE GALE | ON THE WATER! A DIREFUL LOSS OF LIFE AND OF VESSELS—SEVENTH PAGE. WAR MUNITIONS FOR CUBA! THE EVASION OF THE SPANISH BLOCKADE BY THE EDGAR STUART! AGUERO AND SOMMERS I Ww YORK! THE KEY WEST WELCOME—NEWS FROM CHINA—THIRD PAGE. DISTRESSING FINALE OF A DISSOLUTE LIFE! | A FATHER MURDERS HIS CHILD AND THEN COMMITS SUICIDK! DETAILS OF THE HORROR—SEVENTH PAGE. CAPTAIN JACK’S REBELLION! HE REF aS THE “BIG TALK” WITH HIS “WHITE BROTHERS |" HE M HW GENERAL GILLEM’S MOVEME NTH PAGE. RUSSIA OR ENGLAN OF THE © ! DR. UPON THE v DUTY OF THE ! POWE rit PAGE. & TO BE LAID BETY IN HAVANA ¥ THE DACIA CHAR- TERED FOR iE EX DITION! COM- MUNICATION TO BE RE-ESTABLISHED IN MAY—SEVENTH PAGE. BEWER PERILS! ONE HUNDRED MILES OF STAGNANT CE OOLS BENEATH THE CITY! A DIAGRAM OF TE IMPROVED METHOD OF UNDER DRALN. i! DEFECTS REMEDIED—Tuirp Pace. EUROPEAN CABLE NEWS—PERSONAL PARA- GRAPHS—LATE TELEGRAMS—SEVENTH PAGE. SPECIAL ITEMS QF WASHINGTON NEWS—Tenta Page. GERMAN INTEREST IN THE INFAMOUS COULIE TRAFFIC! A JOURNALISTIC PLAN FOR THE UTILIZATION OF COOLIE LABOR IN SOUTH AMERICA AND THE 1 STENTION OF INTENDING GERMAN EMIGKANTS! ANOTHER COOLIE CARGO AFLOAT— ELEVENTH PaGE. BIEERAGE EXPERIENCES! A FURTHER ELUCI- DATION OF THE QUESTION—LOUIS NAPO- LEON'S DISEASE AND ITS TREATMENT— ENTH PAGE, POMEROY'S DISCOMFITURE! REMARKABLE CHAPTERS OF THE KANSAS SENATORIAL WAR! THE NEWSPAPERS AND PEOPLE DENOUNCING THE UNWORTHY SENATOR— Firti PAGE. . §O0CIETY IN THE FEDERAL CAPITAL!’ DECA- DENCE IN COUR’ AND PROG 3 IN EXTRAVAGANT DISPLAY! A SENATOR ORATES ON THE SUBJECT OF GOOD S0- CIETY! MEMORIES OF THE CHIEF REBEL— E1aifta Pac, oR GENET AND THE HARLEM COURT HOUSE JOB! HIS WILLINGN ‘0 ABIDE THE ISSUE OF A FAIR IN IGATLION—FirTa Pace. REAL ESTATE ON MANHATTAN ISLAND AND IN THE SUBURBS! THE SALES EFFECTED AND TO BK MADE! A BRILLIANT FUTURE FORESHADQWED—E1cutTu Pace, YESTERDAY'S SERMONS EPITOMIZED HERALD READERS! THE POINTS OF DOCTRINES ILLUSTRATED BY THE PROMINENT IviVINES—Fovrrtu Pace. BUSINESS IN THE FINANCIAL EXCHANGES DURING THE PAST WEEK! THEORIES AS TO THE FUTURE! SYNDICATE OPERA- TIONS! THE BANK STATEMENT—GEORGIA AND TENNESSEE FINANCES—NINTH Pas. A GLOOMY PICTURE OF JERSEY CITY AFFAIRS BY AN EX-MAYOR! THE DEPRECIATION OF REAL ESTATE UNDER RING MANIPULA- TIONS! FURTHER VILLANY HATCHING— Eloura Page, SUNDAY ENJOYMENTS OF THE METROPOLI- TANS! RADIANT SCENES IN THE PARK AND ON THE PONDS—A STRANGE LOVE STORY—THE CUSTOM HOUSE—FirTH Pas. ART GLINTINGS! THE RECEPTIONS AND T EXHIBITIONS—LITERATURE—THE TYB! OFF FOR SAMANA—Firty Page, A SUSPICIOUS FIRE LN BROOKLYN. AND NAVIGATION—Eicuta oa Tae Suez Canat.—During the past year seven hundred thousand tons of shipping have passed through this artificial ship channel, causing such rivalry in the freight and passen- goer traffic between England and India that the Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company, ‘whose steamers are the principal rivals of the FOR LEADING | How is it that men who love their country, and takera pride in its progress andits repu- tation, are more careless in tho selection Thirtiot st | of public officers than they would be in the hiring of clerks and assistants in their own business? How is it that those who are inde- a | Pendent of politics suffer themselves to be so constantly made the tools of trading poli- ticians? The reason may be found in the character of the American people—in their hurried, rushing, active life, which renders them disinclined to think deeply for them- selves, and induces them to allow others to think and act for them. We are a nation of politicians. No intelligent citizen is unfa- miliar with the great public questions of the day or ignorant of the true position of the contending parties. Yet we allow ourselves to be deceived and hoodwinked by political organs and to be led by the nose by political organizations. We take our party paper and accept its teachings without examination. We call ourselves democrats or republicans, as the case may be, and we endorse such nomina- tions as a handful of designing managers choose to give us, and vote the tickets issued from the regular box without even looking at the names of the candidates. The citizens of the United States aro to-day paying the penalty of this carelessness in the discharge of their political duties. They find the most important interests of tho nation in the hands of untrustworthy men. They dis- cover that the Senate of the United States is foul with corruption; that its presiding officer is disgraced before the world; that some of its most pretentious members stand convicted of acts that would scandalize an Albany or Harrisburg Legislature; that others have bought their way to seats by the most shame- less bribery. They see leader after leader in the House of Representatives implicated in transactions that should consign .any public | officer to infamy. The Tammany frauds were startling enough, but they were committed by men of low origin, of degraded tastes, of coarse, brutal and depraved natures, Few persons were astonished when it was found that the politicians who had graduated from the gutter to live dissipated lives, wear gaudy jewelry and drive fast horses, had stolen the money which they flaunted before the eyes of “| the people in such vulgar show. But the recent developments have unmasked a dit- | ferent class of offenders, Harlan, Wilson, Col- fax, Patterson, Pomeroy, Brooks, Garfield and Dawes have been held up to, the world as | models of purity in private life and of integrity | in public trusts. -These are the men who have been lauded for their virtues, whose lives have been paraded as examples of Christian purity, whose patriotism has been of the dem- | onstrative kind. Yet they differ from the Tammany politicians only in the fact that thei# corruption has been less bold and reck- léss. The Secretary of the Interior who ac- ceptsa gift of ten thousand dollars from a grasping corporation whose interests are largely under his control, is as guilty of a pub- lic wrong as is the official who plots with the in- former Gayvey to add two hundred per cent to his bills against the city and to divide the plunder. The Senator or Reprssentative in Congress who takes a bribe from Oakes Ames in the shape of Crédit Mobilier stock is as criminal as the legislator who would sell him- self forso many dollars to the Tammany og | Erie Rings. It may be said that the people | could not have been guilty of carelessness in trusting such men as those whose faithlessness has just been exposed. But the offenders have all for years been professional politicians and office-seekers, atfd their characters have been taken on trust on the word of a political party. They have been accepted as honest men on the testimony of politicians by millions of citizens too busy or too careless to think and judge for themselves. They will be retained in office because a majority of their associates are equally loose in their ideas of official recti- tude. Unfortunately, the experience afforded by these recent disclosures does not prothise at present to render the people more cautious in | their selection of public officers, or the poli- ticians more honest in the discharge of public trusts. The party organs are united in their efforts to protect their several friends from the | consequences of their unworthy acts. *In the | eyes of these journals official corruption can only exist in the case of a political opponent. The democratic papers regard the Crédit Mo- bilier transactions of Congressman Brooks satisfactorily explained by the testimony of the “person accustemed to deal in stocks on Wall street.’’ Their republican contempora- ries declare Oakes Ames’ charges disproved, and accept Colfax’s promised explanation as satisfactory before it is perfected. Not a word of censure is uttered against Dr, Du- rant’s Secretary of the Interior and United Seates Senator Harlan; not a party voice is raised in denunciation of Garfield or Dawes. The stock-jobbing operations with Ames and Alley are pronounced simple business trans- ‘actions, and Kelley is praised for the impu- dence with which he acknowledged him- self to have been bought up by the lobbyists 6f the Crédit Mobilier. Pomeroy is only exposed through a political rivalry, and Caldwell and Harlan, the buyer and the bought, are still shining lights in the party. No democratic organ has called for the expul- sion of James Brooks from Congress ; no re- publican journal has insisted on the impeach- ment of Coifak or demanded the resignation of Garfield and Dawes. Yet how loudly were the frauds of Tammany rung in the ears of the people a year and a half ago, and how | | desire to succeed to the well-paid offices in the New York city government! The chances are that before the next election comes round the people will accept thé explanations of tho political journals and forget the shameful ex- posures before the Poland committee. The committee itself seems lost in a maze of bewilderment at the evidence which has, in- voluntarily as it were, sprung up befor it. According to the best informed accounts Judge Poland and his associates will find noth- ing in the testimony to call for any opinion or recommendation on their part, and will simply report the case to the House for its action. A rumor is afloat that the House will refuse to receive the report, inasmuch as there is matter in it reflecting on the action of Senators, and its reception would be a breach of the privi- lege of the Senate. Colfax asks to be investi- gated, but his office, as he ought to know, pre- vents an investigation. He will not ask to be impeached, nor would the House gratify him if he did. Harlan will remain in his seat in the Senate, and the ten thousand dollars paid by Dr. Durant .or the Union Pacific Railroad Company will re in his pockets. The breeze now blowing at the national capital will die away and the republican party will enter the next campaign with the cry of reform as loudly as ever on its lips. Let us hope that the escape of these tainted saints of republicanism and democracy will not spread a bad example abroad and render our logislators and other officials, both in the nation and in the States, more bold and fear- less in their corruption. Already there are mutterings of a hungering crowd at Albany, and suspicious-looking persons begin to hover about the halls of the Capitol, apparently wait- ing, like the wily Ames, for applications for safe investments. Hints are to be heard of dis- satisfaction with this leader or that authority— hints which are always the precursors of the formation of ‘rings’ for individual enter- prise. Those experienced in legislation are well aware that opposition to the Speaker, or restlessness under some supposed dictatorship, is the well-worn subterfuge by which a guerilla policy, designed for the benefit of the lobby, is originated and excused. It is ‘the only means by which the strength of a powerful majority can be broken. Last year it was practised with success in both houses, and opened the way for corruption more notorious than that of any previous session, The Senate of last year is the Senate of the present year, and there are many members of the Assembly of 1872 who still retain their seats in that body. If we are to have a legis- | lative session similar to that of last Winter the party and the organs which are engaged in the labor of protecting the corruptions of Con- gress will be responsible for the disgrace. It is probably idle to notify the legislators at the State capital that the independent press will narrowly watch their proceedings and expose any corrupt acts with an unsparing hand. Did not the people re-elect many of them, and endorsg their political party, after the disgrace- ful exhibition of last year? Can they not rely on their party organs to forget their delin- quencies in the next election as they forgot them in the last? Weadmit the force of these questions ; nevertheless we have some hope that the people may at last be aroused to action, and after the Washington exposures it may be prudent even for an Albany Legis- lature to take heed -how it excites the public indignation and contempt. Snow Storm in England and a Ter- rible Gale on the Coasts of Britain. Our telegrams from London, published in the Hzraup to-day, afford melancholy evidence of the facts that we have entered on one of the most stormy seasons of the year, and that the February of 1873 has already given a sad reassertion of the invincibility of, the order of time, and also of the dread problem that the month so far enjoys a force and powér of bluster equal to—sur- passing, indeed, it is said—that of its most rude predecessors on the calendar. The British islands were visited by one of the most violent storms on record during the hours which passed from the night of Saturday, the Ist in- stant, to the morning moments of yesterday. Snow came down to an extraordinary depth in London and the rural shires of England. The fall laid six inches in the streets of the great metropolis at daybreak yesterday, and the drifts were many feet in depth in the: country of the extreme north. City travel was almost suspended in London. ‘Cabbie’’ ac- knowledged himself vanquished. He was forced to retreat to the shelter of ‘the beer shops, and there left to ruminate over the merits of ’alf and 'alf and the uncertainties of atmospheric phenomena, and of fares, according to his rule of most unamiable philo- sophy. A wind storm of unusual violence raged around the British and Irish coasts. Many shipwrecks have occurred. It is thought that a fearful loss of life will be re- ported. Sad tidings have been received, indeed, already. Several vessels, which are named in our despatches, were driven ashore and wrecked and many persons are known to have been drowned. The visitations of the people have been very severe even at this | early portion of the new year, but if they are accepted as coming from a Hand which chasteneth man for his ultimate good they | bring with them, even in the moment of | present pain, consolation for the evils which they may inflict. ry at Its Source, We print in another column the views of the distinguished German traveller, Dr. Gus- tav Schweinfurth, on the engrossing topic of African slavery and the slave trade. Having spent several years in African exploration, per- haps no other European is better qualified to enlighten the world on the multiformn enor- mities of that cruel system which annually robs Central Africa of its population by the hundred thousand. He has given the Hznanp correspondent a black portraiture of the infa- mous trade whose suppression has been de- creed by the common voice of humanity. Ac- cording to his impressions it is next to impos- sible to put an end to the buying and selling of human beings without first removing from the earth the widely. extended religion of Islam, which seems inseparably impregnated with the idea that there are natural divisions of men into superior and servile classes, the one born to obey the commands of the other. This doctrine, so repulsive to the teachings of Christianity, is to be expunged from the creed of Mohammed, or that creed itself must give canal route, has been obliged to greatly reduce | persistently aro the crimes of our muntcipai | way before the force of universal brotherhood. prices, tobbers varaded in the organs whose friends | Such is the conviction of the boat map of | Europe. It is the unanimous opinion of Americans, Africa is soon to be the scene of @ gigantic struggle for the rights of man, America owes much to that dark Continent, and will at the proper time repay the debt by helping to strangle the monster of slavery at its source beside the sources ot the Nile. The Late Commodore Maury—His Eminent Services to Humanity. The death of this distinguished physical geographer will create a profound sen- sation both at home and abroad. As the founder and most successful prosecutor of the benign system of oceanic researches, which has illumined the periloys paths of the marinor and taught commerce how to make thewind and currents of the sea to do its bidding, his labors will long be gratefully re- membered. Asa marked type of an American scientist his career deserves careful study. With no educational advantages save those afforded in the earlier and ruder period of the . Republic, his success as an original investigator was the more remarkable, and placed him at once by the side of Herschel, Lyell, Leverrier and Humboldt, the most honored scientific luminaries of the Old World. Humboldt said that in his famous work ‘The Physical Geography of the Sea’’ he had bequeathed a new science to the world. This work, and his “Wind and Current Charts,” as also his ‘Sailing Directions,'’ were based upon several millions of marine observations by the seamen of all nations, which had lain for years ina chaotic state, as so many dust- covered, moth-eaten and useless documents. In deducing the laws of nature from this im- mense mass of fragmentary observations errors inevitably crept into his conclusions; but he was a bold workman, proceeding upon that just maxim of Carpenter, that ‘truth emerges out of error rather than out of chaos.¥ He lived long enough to rectify many of his mis- takes before others discovered them; and his contributions to the science of navigation, re- vealing the prevailing winds in different zones and parts of the globe at different seasons, the regions of calms and the belts of ocean swept by devastating storms, have saved innumerable lives and much property, and, by indj- cating the quickest routes, have very greatly shortened the dangerous voyages of commerce, When the ill-fated steamship San Francisco went down in the Gulf Stream, in December, 1853, and the government de- spatched two steam vessels to pick up any of its survivors, the science which its eminent hydrographer had evolved, in his labors as Superintendent of the National Observatory at Washington, enabled him to predict and des- ignate on the chart the pretise spot where, several days after the event, the waifs of the wreck were to be found. Although the efforts of this American inves- tigator to engage foreign Powers in a grand co-operative system of international oceanic research were coldly received in England in 1853, they soon triumphed in the celebrated Brussels conference, in which all the maritime nations earnestly participated. This confer- ence adopted his plan of dividing the ocean into squares of ten degrees of latitude and longitude each, and inserting, symbolically, on each square of the chart the mean result observed by all navigators. So soon after the adoption of this plan at Brus- sels as 1858 there were over one hundred and twenty thousand vessels, of different flags, engaged in collecting physical data for the work. Under this beautiful arrangement each ship at sea was a floating observatory, and its experience was added to that of every other ship whose keel had furrowed the same waters, to provide a common magazine of nautical knowledge for the guidance and safety of every future sailor. It has been recently well said by Buchan, the eminent chief of the Scottish Meteorological Society, that “the name of Captain Maury will always be remembered with gratitude for the signal service he has rendered to navi- gation, and when future observation has supplied the requisite material to enable us to correct the inevitable mistakes, and fill up the blanks of his ocean charts, the benefit this celebrated meteorologist has conferred on the human race will more conspicuously ap- pear.’’ The progress of physical science is so rapid now that it is seldom the results of yes- terday are not modified to-day; and, as Far- aday well said, ‘‘the only man deserving of contempt in science is he who is not in a con- stant state of transition.” But it is safe to say that since Maury ceased his splendid re- searches scarcely an advance has been made in oceanic meteorology or hydrography. Sir John Herschel’s long and persistent denial of his theory of marine currents, as due to differ- ent specific gravities of polar and equatorial waters, was retracted a year ago, and both this theory, as well as his views of sub- marine circulation, once so __ stoutly opposed by Sir Charles Lyell, have been veri- | fied by the later and extensive deep-sea and surface-current observations of Carpenter, Thomson and others, while his reasoning in favor of an “open Polar sea,’’ so warmly espoused by Petermann, Bent, Von Midden- dorf and other eminent living geographers, has been rather confirmed than invalidated by the latest Arctic explorations. “ The lesson of this life of a bold student of nature may greatly encourage our original investigators, as it may also show the neces- sity of the scientific application of their de- ductions and discoveries to the practical wants of mankind. Sir Humphrey Davy, in con- triving the little safety lamp for the protection of the miner, and Maury, in the simple plan of his ocean squares, set examples of utilizing | their theoretical knowledge which will always be remembered by the world and which all philosophers may imitate. The valuable works and monograpbs of the eminent American geographer have been translated into the lan- guages of all civilized nations, and still con- tinae high in authority, ' “The Final Issue with Utah Can- mot be Avoided.” These were the significant words of Prosi- dent Grant to a delegation of representatives and ® Heratp correspondent at the White House on Saturday. The delegates from Idaho and Montana, accompanied by General Negley, of Pennsylvania, sought the inter- view with the President to represent the “terrible condition of affairs in Utab,"’ and to request that he would give it his speedy atten- tion, They represented, what is generally known to be true, that the Mormon Church i.e despotism apd Brigham Young a despot i that this remaining relic of the “twin relics of barbarism” is inimical to our republican and Christian institutions and a disgrace to the country, and that Utah ought to be speedily purged of the evil by federal power. The President agreed for the most part with the views expressed, and on one occasion responded in the language placed at the head of this article, The American people will approve of this expression, and, as General Grant has four years more to serve as Presi- dent, they will have reason to hope Mormon- ism and despotism in Utah will be checked, if not finally extinguished, during his term of office. Wicked Mr. Weiss, A recent number of Henry Ward Beecher’s paper makes the assertion that the Rey. John Weiss, who is presently to lecture on Shak- speare in this city, was prevented deliver- ing his Shakspearian course in Association Hall on account of the ‘‘unsoundness” of his theology. We hope that this rumor is not true ; fér the Young Men’s Christian Asso- ciation is too valuable and decent a body to incur deserved ridicule without deep pain being given to thousands of very excellent citizens. But if Mr. Weiss is not to be allowed to lecture on Shakspeare because he happens not to have precisely the same re- ligious belief as that of the officers of the society in question perhaps it would be as well for these gentlemen to attain consistency by subjecting to a rigorous catechism: every lec- turer whom they permit to speak in their hall. It would be interesting to learn, for instance, what Mrs. Scott-Siddons thinks is the chief end of man, and what are Mr. Yates’ views on original sin and justi- fication by faith, Mr. Bellew ought to be required to print his confession of faith on the bill boards, and Bret Harte and John Hay should be compelled to explain by what means the sacraments become effectual means of salvation. Let us have no loose way of doing this business. If Mr. Pickwick's heartless warming pans and tomato sauce were merely an ingenious symbolism for expressing erotic frenzy, who knows but that Mr. Weiss’ lectures on Shakspeare are a dark pretence concealing the theism of a Theodore Parker or the optimism of a Froth- ingham? If ‘soundness’ of religious doc- trine is to be the condition of a lecturer's be- ing permitted to appear upon the stage of As- sociation Hall, let the officers of that associa- tion prepare a theological test formula at once. This will simplify matters, and, while freeing us from the pernicious liberalism of a wicked Weiss, not subject us to the pious vagaries of a Harriet Beecher Stowe or the picturesque paganism of the author of ‘Little Breeches." : The Physiologic Effects of Intense Cold. The recent terrible snow storms of Minne- sota, in which so many human beings perished, suggest several important and impressive les- sons, which physiology will value, and which may be of great service to the public. The graphic reports of the fate of the frozen suffer- ers, as given by the Henatp recently, aro replete with instruction upon the physiologic effects of intense cold on the human frame. If, amid the frightful and deadly visitations of heat and cold which annually assail him, man can find no secure retreat, he may at least learn to mitigate their horrors. Although in- capable of enduring any great change of tem- perature in his body, he is known to be capa- ble of passing safely through many excessive changes in the atmospheric medium which surrounds him, It is well known to phfsiologists that when the heat of the body is reduced to a point where freezing begins the blood globules be- come thoroughly disorganized, and when ‘the disorganized fluid, thus poisoned, re-enters the circulation it corrupts the blood. Experi- ments on animals indicate that the deadly effect does not occur while they are in a semi-frozen condition, but subse- quently, when the heat is increased and circulation quickened so far as'to allow the disorganized matter to penetrate the blood vessels and thus overwhelm the nervous sys- tem. It has often been noticed that the fatal moment arrives just when relief and comfort reach the sufferer. Sir John Franklin related instances in which fishes in the polar regions when laid on ice became inanimate, but, when removed, recovered vitality after a few days. Travellers have sometimes observed that some kinds of fishes in the shallow Siberian lakes (which freeze to the bottom) are restored to life or the very gradual melting of the water in Spring, and it has been said that even the gold fish revives from frozen water in which he has been confined. While the delicate human frame is, of course, unable to bear such ther- mal variations, it has been inferred, from such capabilities in other animals and from the other circumstances mentioned, that, by allow- ing the frozen parts to thaw by almost in- finitesimal degrees, sudden alteration of the life blood may be prevented, the shock to the | nervous system averted and life saved. Among those who‘were overtaken by the late snow storm in Minnesota we read of a newly-mar- ried couple, who, when the crisis of their fate arrived, though driving on the highway, turned loose their horses, overset the sleigh, and then crawling under it wrapped them- selves in the buffalo robes. A wiser and bolder thing could not have been done, and after two days’ imprisonment they were rescued alive. The very element that threat- | ened them with speedy ‘death proved their deliverance. From its looseness of texture, and from its harboring within its fleecy folds about ten times its bulk of air, the snow is an excellent protection. It often happens that in times of intense cold the soil of the earth is forty degrees (Fahrenheit) warmer than the surface of the outlying layer of snow or the air above it. The greatest peril of the travel- ler overtaken by the snow hurricane is in the furious winds that accompany it, and make the cold far more intolerable than it would be in a tranquil atmosphere. The avrated and porous character of the snow-covering will permit the man who is buried beneath it to survive for many hours, as the mammals of the arctic regions, who make their lairs beneath it, and as the Esquimaux, who bur- row under walls of solid ice, We may confidently expect before the present Winter passes away a repetition in the mountainous parts of this State and New England of just such snow storms as have overtaken the people of Minnesota, and these practical suggestions may be of value to the benighted traveller overtaken by their jpg fury, ’ | The Peace Policy in the Modoc War. Captain Jack,, the Modoc chief, brings the arguments of the peace policy men toa fine point of absurdity. War was waged against ‘him by United States troops, backed by volun- teer aid from the State of Oregon. Through a badly planned system of operations against the Modocs Captain Jack was ena- bled to score a victory over the soldiers, An attack by Captain Jack, in which he was re- . pulsed with the loss of his horses, was the next event in the ‘‘war,”’ and straightway the peace policy men shouted aloud, Io triumphe! for the Indians over the- boys in blue and all the representatives of bullets vs. beef and blankets. It is now fairly the turn of those who, like us, believe in an even policy with the Indians, to laugh. At the first murmur of a victory by the sav- ages they cried for a council with this bloodthirsty brave who commands the Modocs. He now demands that the Peace Commissioner (dubiously appointed) must seek him. This simply means that the cun- ning Indian recognizes the point his peace friends have made in favor of free scalping from New Mexico to Texas, Our opinion -on this matter is that when once refractory Indians are handed over to the military for punishment that nothing short of that should be meted out. We believe in treating the Indian well so long as he behaves himself, but in punishing his crime like that of any other man when he does not. This is what we term an even policy.’ Exterminate Captain Jack and his band and he will have very few successors, ' Tue Cenrnan AsIAN QUESTION a8 SEEN IN Buruw.—A German newspaper, published in Berlin, treats the Central Asian question in a tone of encouragement to Russia as against the English position, The Prussian writer, indeed, gives words almost of godspeed te the forces of the Czar by the publication of allegations to the effect that Britain is power- less to impede the Muscovite advance, and that the St. Petersburg Cabinet is merely watching for Queen Victoria’s Ministers to make a false step in their treatment of the Khiva-Afghanistan difficulty. This German expression will, no doubt, afford vast spirit to the Emperor Alexander, but Great Britain may perhaps reply, like as did Palmerston on the Schleswig-Holstein question, that there re- mains a good deal to be said on both sides: The Shearwater Oceanic Researches. The Royal Society of England has recently published a voluminous report on the scientific researches carried on in the sur- veying ship Shearwater. This elaborate pa- per is from the well-known pen of Dr. William B. Carpenter, and contains a full ac- count not only of the Shearwater investiga- tions in the sea, but also an important addi- tion to the science of oceanic circulation. While it may, be seriously doubted whether Dr. Carpenter has added anything to the theoretical precision of this science, the facts which his labors have brought to light are highly interesting. His labors began in.the successful attempt to discover the current system of the Mediter- ranean, whose surface, exposed to the hot, drying winds of Africa, is a great evaporating dish, and whose level, incessantly reduced, is maintained only by a strong indraught of Atlantic water through the Gibraltar Channel. Having proved the existence of a cold sab- marine current (through the same channel) sufficient to balance the indraught after its loss by evaporation, he ingeniously pro- posed to represent the Polar Ocean by the Mediterranean, and the Equatorial Ocean by the Atlantic outside Gibraltar, and thus to rise, hypothetically, from the local circulation to the grand general circulation of the entire ocean. The conclusion reached by this bold flight of reason was that a constant inter- change must be assumed between the cold, heavy water of the Arctic seas and the light, warm water of the tropics, and his present exhaustive treatment of the observations he has made and of their physical import is the best defence of his views he has produced. Differing with many of the first authorities as to the agency of the Gulf Stream proper, he adduces incontrovertible evidence of amelios ration in the climate of the British isles and the regions northward by a ‘northeasterly flow of oceanic water."’ As the Gulf Stream loses in Winter about twelve or fifteen degrees of surface heat while passing from the Florida Channel to Nova Scotia, he argues that it must part still more rapidly with any thermal excess it may retain when its superheated stratum has been thinned out by superficial extension. For this reason he rejects the idea that the Winter warmth of Western Europe, Great Britain and the Scandinavian peninsula is attributable in any way to the Gulf Stream, but, on the contrary, it is as- sumed the mildness of climate is due toa “northeasterly flow’’ of warm water beginning just where the Gulf Stream ceases. It is a matter of no vital moment in physical geography by what precise name its great phenomena are described, but Dr. Carpenter has apparently, in this respect at least, only darkened his subject by raising a verbal con- troversy. He claims for the North Atlantic climates all the mitigated conditions which would result by the old theory of Franklin, Humboldt and Maury—viz., that its surface current is borne northeastwardly from the Grand Banks of Newfoundland towards Ireland, the Hebrides and Norway. Why, then, should the latter be set aside until further researches show (which they have not yet done) a break in the current off the Grand Banks, or reveal the rise and movement of some new current capable of producing the same climatic effects whose existence Dr. Carpenter himself affirms? This celebrated physicist, wedded as he is to his hypothesis, and eager to reinforce it by the opinions of all who think with him, very strongly repudiates the erude idea recently advanced in this country—that the temperature of the ocean follows and is subject:to that of the superincumbent air, which also agitates its billows. The Scottish meteorologic observa- tions show that the average annual thermo- metric range cf the sea is several degrees higher than that of the atmosphere, and that the former is not governed by, but governs, the latter. This is similarly and strikingly the case on our Pacific coast, where the isotherms, instead of running east and west, run north and south (owing to the warm sea current), and where, as near Puget’s Sound, in Washe ington Territory, one gets warmer by travel- ling ip a.northwpgterly digestion, Tha sroas