The New York Herald Newspaper, December 11, 1872, Page 4

3 E————E————EE CYCLONES. | Indications of Their Approach and How to Avoid Them. FULL INSTRUCTIONS BY A VETERAN SALT, _ The brief but pithy description given below of t Indications of impending cyclones or hurricanes, eogether with advice as to the best way to steer lear of such dangerous winds, is from the pen of one of our most experienced practical navigators, ‘@nd will command the attention of every American @Bhipmaster. ‘The charts and tables, which we also ‘publish, illustrate the points enforced and the coun- @el given, Few branches of nautical science have of Bate years been so exhaustively and earnestly can- vassed as the “law of storms,” but the short article qwe present to onr readers to-day, while not in al #eatures new, Is at least the clearest exposition of pound doctrine on these matters which can 06 found in the same compass, Siow to Ascertain When a Hurricane or | Cyclone is at. Hand and How to i Avold It. ‘ The indications of a hurricane or cyclone are fourfold, and they are all easy of recognition. They monsist of— i} Pirst—A rapidly falling barometer. , Second—Threatening aspect of the weather and Bhé appearance of the heavens. " gnird—A heavy swell of the sea, far heavier than pould be accounted for by the existing wind or by Mhat which has ever recently existed in the neigh- Jhorhood of the ship. * Fourth—A wind increasing in violence. ‘Whenever or wherever all these indications are und to occur simultancously one may well take it for granted that a storm of this sort—a cyclone— impending, and that, in fact, the ship is already Bn conn with its outer margin, and that it Is e for the captain’to immediately prepare and MMirect his vessel accordingly. If in the Northern Hemisphere, the first thing to | done is to bring the ship by the wind on | @ starboard tac, to shorten satl and deaden | her way as much as possible; then determine | ‘Parefully by the compass how the wind veers, or | hether it veers at all, The wind of a hurricane | in, iw aye Srrerne, an hour or so at the most | ‘will in all probability be quite long enough to indi- | wate its course and the change of wind, | If the wind be found to veer by compass from left | 0 right or to haul, then keep the ship by the wind | ra little free on the starboard tack and under as | uch canvas as would ordinarily be carried at any | ther time with the game force of wind, and con- inue to keep her by the wind or a little | free, however much the wind may change tothe | ight, until the barometer begins to rise and the ‘ind itself cease in violence. There need be no ap- | rehension ofthe wind shifting in any other direc. | jon than to the right, with the ship situated and ‘ting like the one in point. the wind ‘be found. by compass to veer from | ight to left or to back, then run the ship off at | ce, with the wind on the starboard quarter; note | 4mmediately the course that has to be steered to do | » and ‘stick to that course, no matter how | uch the winds may change to the left, a8 long as | eds be, or as long as you can safely, owing to | he vicinity of the land, or until the barometer be- Bip to rise and the wind cease in violen ia i will | hip situated and acting upon these directions ways find the wind to back. If the wind be found by compass not to veer at |, but to remain steady at one particular ¢ then run the Ship off at once (vicinity of land per fuse” with the wind well ait, on the starie 14 marter,’ say so as to biing the wind w hin eing two points deadaft. Note immediately « wourse to be steered to do so, aud stick to th ‘course, no matter how much the wind may ffo the left, until the barometer begins to ite mand the wind to cease in violence, A hip situated and acting like this will always find the wind to back, and may, like the one {alluded to in the preceding paragraph, by do directed, readily run herseif into a glorious ‘wind, and thus turn the storm to a great ad- “wantage. In each of the before mentioned (three) cases the ship, after following out the directions pre. scribed, on finding the barometer to rise and the ‘wind to cease in viole! may then be kept with ni the wind abeam on the starboard tack | for Rhe Northern Hemisphere and the port tack for the Southern Hemisphere, irrespective of fthe direction from which it may blow. No great while will now clapse before the pentre or vortex Will have passed entirely by you, pnd at a comparatively harmless distance, and thus ‘all danger of any moment will have completely ended; and in each of these cases, too, by adhering closely to these directions, a fair wind and fing ‘weather may be confidently expected tn a large anajority of cases. Always adhere to the rules 80 distinctly laid jown. In the Sonthern Hemisphere the port tack is the referable one, and bearing up with the wind on he port quarter or beam should be resorted to. Remember, the wind of a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere whiris exactly in the opposite direction © those winds of the cyclone of the Northern Ucut sphere. Now, keep in mind this opposite whirling otion, and manage your ship accordingly. Remember, also, in tiie Northern Uemisphere the ight hand semicircle contains the heavlest winds, fle tn the Southern Hemisphere the heaviest ds ave in the left hand semicircle. Gemmmec: Pz: g Upp Iuatwaduow 20 ¥ itn wooo fo ers a days aos eu fg de 09 10 ‘AUAHdSINGH NUZHLYON wou pag % suvyy pears mano wou pura fo sbunyy | a 4 | wang) | padopo SRLALLLLLA“AMRO BELEK LOE mms s “aUSRdSIKAH KUABLOOS Sin pivoannc aw % HURRICANE AND CYCLONE CHART FOR THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. ATNCCENTRE BEARS Eu EXPLANATION OF CYCLONE OMSART FOR THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, Figure N6. 1 reprosenta the boaring of the vortex of a hurricane in the Northern Homisphere, aud shows how to avoid the same, whether it recurves or not. Figure No. 2 shows how the wind pe Whatever wind may b! to the right, for there is the centre of the storm. Figure No, 3 shows that a ship at A gets the wind at enst, and : points to the southward the hurricane will be going to tho westward of north, and the vortex will bear ross the hurricane track, or oven sail in company with it. Heave your ship to on starboard tack. then the hurricane is travelling to the cast of north, and you may run your vessel with safety to the westward. AND CYCLONE CHART FOR THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. etually revolves in a hurricane in the Northern Hemisphere, and also shows the sailor which side of the storm he is in. low the centre of the storm must bear at right angles to that wind; therofore face the wind and point must have the vortex of the hurricane bearing south. Should the wind shift south-southwest. You must never If a shift of wind takes place to the northward, HURRICANE EXPLANATION OF CYCLONE CHART FOR THE Figuro No. 1 represents the bearing of the vortex of a hurricane in the Southern Hemisp! roonpigure No. 2 hows how the wind taal Ives in a hurri in the South fo, 2 shows 16 wind por revolves in a hurricane Southern ri ee Whatevor wind Tay blow the cent point to the loft, for there is the centre of the storm, igure No. 3shows thata ship at A hurricane must be travellin, here, and shows how to avoid the same, whether ft here, and at once shows the sailor which side tre of the storm must bear at right angles to that wind; therefore face the wind and ota the wind at cast, and the vortex bearanorth. Should the wind shift two points to the southward the of south, and the position of the vortex will be north-northeast, ty ; but if the wind shifts two points to the northward of east the hurricane north-northwest, and the ship should be hove ta on tha nart taok, of the storm he is in. a ship can run with the woetex will woohrard muat be travelling to the *MOW) 110d 0M WO 04 B40Y 0q 04 dius, —_——-_— THE SEASON OF SHIPWRECKS The Loss of the Steamship Sacramonto--Her Value Stated as $600,000---List of the Drowned and the Saved. OTHER VESSELS OVER-DUE. The Scanderia and Her Passengers—The City of Bristol Twice Spoken and Supposed To Bo Safe—A Letter from the Third Officer of the Guatemala. Again we hear sad tidings of ships lost and ha- Mian beings who have perished on the ocean. THR SOANDERIA, an English screw ship, is certainly lost. She sailed from New York on the 8th of October for Queena town, and has not been heard from again. A Iles of the crew was given in the HERALD of last Sun- day. They were all English; not one Americas was on board the fated vessel, The Scanderia was owned in England and probably worth £50,000. ‘The total loss must amount to £62,000, the value oe, the cargo being estimated at £12,000, The agenta, EK, E. Morgan & Co., said that the ship sailed im good order and not 80 deeply loaded as the English Lloyds would allow her. Their theory 1s that the ship either sprang a leak and sunk or thac it came in collision with some other ship and that bots sunk at the same time. Comparatively little in- terest was felt by the general public in regard te her loss, as the vessel was not @ regular trader to this port and had never been here before, THE SACRAMENTO. f The HERALD of yesterday contained a brief age count of the terrible disaster which hag reaulted ia the complete destruction ef one of the finest steamers of the Pacific Mail Ri a the Sacrae mento. A HERALD reporter called yesterday at the office of the company, in Wall street, and agcer- tained that the steamship struck a reef two hun- dred miles southeast of San Antonio, on the night. of the 6th of November. The arya were all saved, but the noble steamer is a complete wreck. She was commanded by Captain Farnsworth, one of the oldest and most eficient captains in the ser- vice of the company. The Sacramento was not insured, and the com- any’s loss was stated by Mr. Stockwell at $600,000, ir. Stockwell said to the HERaLD reporter that the ateamer was a total wreck, and there was no hope to save anything. She left Panama (tal on board the passengers of the Henry Chauncey, New York) on the 22d November, and struck a reef in the night of the 5th of December. She was built at New York by W. H. Webb in 1864, Her dimensions were:—Length on deck, 304 feet; breadth of beam, feet 6 inches; depth of hold, 28 feet 6 inches; tonnage, 2,647 tons. She was built of white oak, chestnut and live oak. She had vertical beam engines; one cylinder, 100 inches im diameter, with 12 feet stroke. Her machinery was built by the Novelty fron Works. No details of the shipwreck will be received before to-morrow, but this is the list of the passengers, a8 copied frons the books of the company :— CABIN PASSENGEKS TO SAN FRANCISCO, W. W. Kimball, W. @G. Hutchins, James Martin and wife, W. H. Mosher, 0. P. Welsn, F. T. Blake- map, Mrs. Harte and daughter, A. E. Janvier, Mra. Valentine, F. W. Clark, Master Clarence E. W. ©. J. Wingate and child, Wilfred N. Munro, D. 'T. Benjamin and wile, Mrs. J. N. Clark, Thomas 8. Campan, Mr. W. F. Goldsmith, wife and two daughters; E. W. Phillips, George N. Clift, Robert . Frost, A. G. Smith; Mrs. Pierce ond child, Mra. Sutherland, Barton Stoney, John P. White,'N. Le Pike, Henry Orr. STRERAGE PASSENGERS TO SAN FRANCISCO. Miss Annie Redden, G. Yongham and _ wife, Mra. Ann Recd, Michael Connell, Fred. W. Noffon, Theodore Spitznagel, Margaret McCabe, Mary Ottawa, Patrick Dillon, Owen Kilcullen, Willian O'Keeffe, Patrick O’Keetfe, Mrs. Kennedy and son, Peter Geoghegan, J. W. Thomas, Ah Poo, Thi McDermott, wife ‘and child; Conrad N. Nitton, J. Brown, Jasper Prest, Jonn O'Neill, Robert Mcuintee, Jonn Gullagher, M. Wilson, T.'B, Losee, Ellea Palmer, E. Turnbull. From Boston..—Mrs. Abbe re, two daughters and child; Mary Farravey, E. V. Caldwell, @. Mancey, Henry fitchell, Mrs. Jane Crowley and three children, Mary Scanlan, two brothers and child. ‘The following were steerage passengers from Panama to San Francisco:—Jo! Foliey, Eliaa Mannell and Julian Sosa. The steamship Montana sailed from San Diego to-day for the wreck. The Senator will wait at San Diego for the passengers of the Sacrament’ nd will bring them to Cod pate The Pacific Mi steamer Orizaba is reported to have been seen im @ disabled condition not far from San Francisco. THE CITY UF BRISTOL was heard from yesterday. Mr. Dale, agent of the Inmau line, received despatches trom London say- ing that she had been spoken twice, was perfect safe and was expected in Queenstown at any mo- ment. One of her officers has arrived, with lettera, in Queenstown, and steamtugs have gone out to Meet her. The injuries which she sustained by the terrific gule are not very great. Mr. Dale said that only the machinery was injured. He has, as yet, Bese te no details in regard to the nature ef the accident, THE GUATEMALA. The Story of the Third Officer of the Lost Ship as Told by Himself—The Facts Regarding Her Foundering= flow He Escaped with Others in the Dingy. ‘To tux Borror or tre Heraup:— Deas Sin—Daving read in your {sue of this morning the statements of the captain and others of the lost ship Guatomala, I feel it incumbent on me to make a plain statement of facts, although I had previously determined to say nothing until called for at the formal examination. At four A. i IT relieved the second officer, receiving in- stractions to look out for low land and cail the captain at half-past four; also the course, northwest. He went below, telling me the tain had gone aft tor acup of okt tweuty minutes past four 1 made out the low jand on the starboard beain and immediately reported it tw the captain, who was talking with T. 1 senger, al the me. I then went forward, and twenty minutes later (twenty minutes to five) made out tho line of surf on the low lan jhowing that our course was taking us gradually nearer the |: I reported this tm- mediately to the captain, who red the course in these we “Keen her off a point,” aud turning to the pas seager said, “That will keep her clear.” Aflor seeing the it nn La my Fouche : logwed it fee bugs tor. 1438 0 lovkout, Twenty-five minutes later, or about five mittee BREAKERS ON THX PORT ROW < and right ahead. Tho moment I saw them T burried aft Pas! 3 engine, Shortly after he ordered to shit the wheel and it was put hard to port. She struck about a ship's length from the breakers, but the tide going out soon left erin the midst of tlic, when she commenced breaking up. IT wad putin charge of the “dingy” with cight men, On the Lbsth we landed and came across & le or Indians, wi treated us with tho utmost kindness, shari ir and clothing. and afterwards dragied_ ou ‘boat hairs mile across the swamp Inte a lagoon. This party piloted us up the lagoon thirty miles to a ranche where we got food, batumocks, &c., for Which the people would take no pay. In this we were more fortunate than the other boats’ crows, who, I seo In toalt issue of the HeRALD, vere obliged to fight shoir way with daggers. Strange fosay, I heard nothing of this scrimmage, although E lived with the ship's company for vver @ month alter. On arriving IN TROUAUNTEPRC Tfound we had been given up for Soot, end the dey tions of several passengers and oficers had been taken. Asl was going to i Mr, White, purser, called me aside and said, “Captain Douglass thinks your deposition may make a great dilfereuce in this case.” He would not op lain himself, so T went in to the tain, who was sick In bed. He sald the Mexican authorities had insisted om having an exam ion. After some talk he said the affair would not pest me, asi was a young man starting in lite, while he had twenty-five years’ ex} ststake, Mr. Woolrich attended at the examination, seeined to take more than ordinary interest in friendly ron he tried to assist ny, memory when it Not agree with his own; but I held to certain points, &c., and the whole taken down in Spanish. At Pateme the English translation of my Gaposition was given and | saw at once that it differed In almost ev from what | had deposed. Parts were omitted, aud the Test so transpo: to give a different meaning. Mr. White, purser, heat mow, all of my statements in Te- hauntepec, so L asked him, in the presenco of United States Consul, if he did not know. they were changed. He turned away without b in ma 1 wrote giv an auswer, While A STATEMENT OF THK PACT! and it has been sent to the Pacific Mail means here. At Tehuautepee Iwas asked if 1 wished to the other depositions read. After heart ig are of on statoments made go surprised me that I dec! oe! id had not seen them before ro: enney, steward, states that when mee Renate Sectan tt oi aaee a ie As che ie Was not at al of as rasicep at the time, and thought he heard some one pass through the cabin. Passenger Jost Velasco de- osed that T was smoking a pipe, leaning against the pilog louse; also that he speaks English, and asked me some question. It was well known that this nan could mot speak a word of English, and having, hea ot his deposition I mentioned it to Captain Dougiags, who told me that the man was asleep on a hencoop until the ship struck and his statement would not be con sidered. Captain Donglass says he had no reason to sup- ose the ship was nearer than ten miles from the bar ag he time the ship struck and if the proper, course had been steered she would not have gone on, The ship was 9,00 revolutions of the screw short, which made her a of time four hours or about twonty-four miles ahead of where he supposed her to be. Ho says :—"s the engine was stopped and the wheel put hard sta the ship headed two points off her course.” THR COMPASS WAS NOT LOOKKD AY until after the ship struck, asI was (B the ptigs Roses, nntil there was no possibility of getting hor off Previous this the wheel had been put hard starboard ‘and and when she strack her stern was al ide setting across it; this, with Was sufficient to turn her bead much far. Wu'well of iny incapacity: inexperience: Ser ths eae ful , inex} lence, incsme, aaat the termiiation. of. th accountof me to tha the in mast en ates sae eno or wm pepe