The New York Herald Newspaper, March 1, 1872, Page 4

AMERICA AND The Objects of Embassy. JIPAN, the New Official List of the Ambassadors and Commissioners. Review of Forcign Intercourse with the Empire of the Mikado. The Portersuese, Duteh, inglish and the Rus- sians the First in the Field. TWO CENTURIES OF EXCLUSION. Christian Persecutions Dutch Intrigues. and Perry’s Treaty and the Ascendancy of the Stars and Stripes. RADICAL AND CONSERVATIVE CONFLICTS, Complete List of Treaties Between Japan and Foreign Nations. WASHINGTON, Feb. 27, 1872, ‘The telegraph bas already flashed throughout the Western Worid the announcement of the arrival upon the Pacific shores of America ol a brilliant em- Duasy, clothed with plenary powers from the suomme descendant of the Yen dsin sitze Dai, the sovereign ruler, ecclesiastical and temporal, of Japan, The restoration ol the Mikado, or Tenno, to the legitimate seat of his ancestors was an event of No ordinary character in the future of that great archipelago; but the now contemplated moderniza- ‘Uon of the Diunitipal and social forms exceeus the expectations of the most sanguine and sagacious Blatesmen. It foresnadow a carver of national prog- Tess and social elevation to over thirty millions of human beings, opens to the world a large fleld of profitable enterprise, and to the United States of America an opportunity of securing a degree o1 dip- lomatic ascendancy ani commercial importance never before placed belore any people. The sending to the “outside nations’ of America end Europe a mission so large and also so distin- guished in the high attairs of State under the MI- Kado’s government not oniy indicates the sincerity of that Eastern monarch’s conversion to au appre- lation 01 tne errors uf the policy hitherto so tena- ciously adhered to, of sealing the gates of his em- pire against Joreign intercourse, but also shows indisputably bis determination to mould the future Ol bis government and las people in harmony with the progressive spirit aod enlighienment of this commercial age. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EMBASSY. The mission entrusted with the inanguration of the measures now proposed consists of one clef ambassador, four assistant ambassadors, four frst Secretaries, iour second secretaries, one third sec- relary, two iourth secretaries, six attaches and eighteen atiendants—in all, jorty members. These constitute strictly the diplomauc portion ol the Embassy. In addition to these there are seven commissioners from the several more important departiwents of the government, exclusive of those Tepresented by the Embassy—tne Judiclary, tue Im- pera! Court, the Army, the Census, Education, Snipourding and the Assembly, ‘These Commmission- ers are accompanied by twenty attaches, There are also a umber of students who arrived at the same tue with the Embassy and Commissioners, but who, having no counection with either, will repair to their several destinations as soon as pos- sible. OFFICIAL LIST OF AMBASSADO. ATTACHBS. The following 1s the ofticiai jist furnished to the Siate beparunent, giving the names aud ranks of Ue distinguished Orientals Who will visit here:- T. Iwakura, Ambassador Extraordinary (Vice President of 18 Imperial Majesty's Ministry), ‘I. Kido, Assistant Auibassador SECRETARIES AND Imperia! Majesiy’s Privy Council). Y. Ukabo, Assistant Alnvassudor (Mintster of Finance), H. Lio, Assistant Ambassador (Assistant Minister of Jndustry), y. Yamakuch!, Assistant Ambassador (Second As- sistant Minister or Foreign Altairsy. Tt. Tanave, S. Stwota, Re Ga, 1 4. Tukuent, Firs! A C. Watamave, Secoud Secretary to the Embassy, S. Komatz, Second Secretury to the Bimbassy, T. Hayasni, Second Secretary to (he Embassy. kK, nd secretary to the Eubassy. K. Kawaai, Third Secretary to the Embassy. K, Ikeda, Fourth Secretary to the bmpassy. 'T. Audo, Fourth Secretary to the Embassy. Nakayawa, attacué to tie Embassy (Vice Gover- hor of Higo). Waché to the Embassy (Second Commis- put). iombassy (First Assistant to Goveraor of Yokoust Tiutuzi, w he to the movassy (Assistant in Cer- emony Department). Nomura, aitache to the Embassy (Chief Clerk of Foreign Oitice Kume, attw sembly). Also eiguteen attendants to the Embass! List OF COMMISSIONERS FROM THE SEY PARTMENTS, Sasaki, Assistant Minister of Judiciary. Nakano, atiaché, Okado, attaché, Hiraga, attaché, Nagano, attaché, ’ Higacikuze, Chief of Imperial Court. Movrata, attaché. one of the generals, attaché, Tanaka, Coumissioner of the Census. Wakayama. atiache, Abe, attaché, On, attach tothe Embassy (Clerk in the As- BAL DE- Tanaka, Assistant Commissioner of Education. Nagayo, attaché, Nikasima, attache, Kondo, attaché. Imamoora, attaché. Wuchimoora, attaché, Hida, Commissioner of Shipbullding Department Osima, attacné, Wurtu, attacné, Takasaki, Commissioner from the Assembly. Yasukawa, attache, PERSONAL NOTES. uf the Ambassadors, Iwakura Tomonel, the cutef, beiongs to che Unodaijin, or second class, of the highest oMcials in the empire, At the time of his appointment to his present post he was Vice Presi- dent of the Mikado’s Council. In the late political movements he was foremost among the radical reformers, AS @ prominent member of the Impe- rial Ministry, botn personally and officially, he dis- played unusual executive ability and statesmanlike comprehension of the important questions of foreign and home policy. He 1s now inthe prime ot life, having reached the ago of fifty years, Accompanying the chief ambassador, as we have seen, are four vice ambassadors, known tn tne oficial vocabulary of Japan as sangee, correspond- ing nearly with our tile of privy councillor, Of uese Kido Takasuke, about forty years of age, has been a member of the Privy Council, and m the late revolution took @ conspicuous part on the side ©: the Mikado, The second is Okuricho Okubo, @ Satmir by birth, The resolution of this person is & Inatter of widespread fwine among the friends and orters of tie Mikado, It 1s suid of him that We disastrous opening of the opposition to the futhority of the Ziogoon created great consterna- tion in the great Council of State, Okubo was Sppeaied to asa man of nerve and calm judgment in moments of peril, “What shall we do now? We are ruined by our folly,” said nis colleagues, His rep y Was, “Let us expect no more than vo die Ae 4 OWL WHile @ Satmir lives the UsUrDAsiOR Ob We (member of His | hary was not only recorded In Ue chronicles of the Ziogoon wil de resisted.” These determined words soon dispelied the fears of those around him, and it most have been greatly to the glory of the undis- tarbed author of this encouraging sentiment that his Satmir soidiers turned the tide of war and deait the mortal biow to the last of the line of lyeyas. The remaining two of the Ambassadors are Ito Hirotumi, who visited the United States about a year ago as Finance Officer of the empire, to study our system of public accounts, and Yama-kucht Nawoyoshi, Second Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, Tukucbl, who visited here with Ito Hiro- tumi, returns in the high and responsible post of First Secretary, Among the students there are a numver of young men, the sons of the powerful daimios, and heirs to their exte sive territorial possessions and rights, Several young ladies of rank are also in the party, asasort of experiment in the elevation of the sphere of Woman in Japan above the sensuous botlous from time {mmemortal entertained in Orl- ental creeds and laws, THE DIPLOMATIC TOUR OF THE EMBASSY. The official tour of the Embassy, as far as tt is Possible to plan their movements in anticipation of events, will embrace all the Powers with which the empire has treaty relatious, visiting successively the caplials of the greater countries in tne following order: Washington, London, Bertin, St. Veters- burg, Vienna and Versailies, THE OBJECT OF THE MISSION, As far as lis yet been drawn from the light grasp of @ dipiomate bratn, the cael atm of the mission | is the revision of the gene treaties, 80 as to bring | them in unison with the views of une Western na- tions, and the desire of Japan to co-operate in some general pian of iniernational relations upon ques- | lions Of goverument poucy and commerce, This | will embrace certain modifications tn tue municipal | arrange wients of tue empire, and many of the aetalis ol governwent, irom the Mikado's Council aown to ho humblesi petty oficers of the courts or the po- ice, In social reforms the questions are as yet mere speculations, and will be cautiously appited as ex- periments. There 1s evident solicitude felt as to the safe point to which these extraordinary and peace- ful revolutions can be carried without exciting the superstitious prejudices, and, above all, religious fanaticism of the tgnorant masses, Upon these grounds, as the question is now understood, in ad- vices Which have reached here in advance, no action will be takea immediately to remodel the founda- lions upon waich the society stands; but by begin. ning with the goverument it is hoped gradually to bend the popular mind into suomission, Yet these intentions show unexpected changes in the sentiments entertained by the ruling classes, and as all the opposition to foreigners has been prompted by that class it is natural to presume that the encouragewent of a more friendly spirit will mect with equal success among the people. REVIEW OF COMMERCIAL INTERCOURSE BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE WEST. ‘The remarkable exploits aud experiences of that daring family of Venetian merchants, the Polos, constitute an interesting chapter tn the romantic | period of tmtercourse between the East and tne We: In 1275, at the early age of eighteen years, Marco Polo accompanied his father and u.cie into Asia on a mercantile expedition, ‘The youth rapidly became profictent in the language of Tartary, that nation then, as now, having the predominating tue fluence over the peuple tanabiting the vast interior steppes of Asia. ‘The father and the uncle returned to their homes in the distant West; the son, having recommended himself by his skill and sagacity to the then reigning Mongol, the powerful Kublai Khan, entered the service of the great Tartar ruler, During seventeen years of employ- ment he learned much of the — nations and peoples unaer the despotic heel of the inexorabie Khan or contempiated as future subjects tor his ovrilliant career Oi conquest. In 1273, at Pekm, Polo hears of an island abounding in gold and lying not far away from Uathay, in the Yellow Sea. At the gorgeous court of the Kahn this island was called Jippun, and by Polo afcerwardas Zipangu or Cipango, The insatiable monarch, in search of new territories to conquer, tried the valor of his warlike hosts upon the hardy People of Jippun. Polo, wien he retarued to his beautiful | | Vatican and the artili ‘of St. ial honor o ite ery Angelo joine’ atives of & new kingdom supposed to have been gathered wathin the fold of the Church. THE EDICT OF KUBOSAMA, But white the mission was basking in the smiles of the Courch and wavelliug in roya: pomp beyond the Pyrenees among the beauulul vatleys and bills of Spain and Portugal, tng edict of Kubosama goes forth from the mouth of ue “povereign Lord of Japan,” banishing all missionaries and orvering all churches aud religious placed to be destroyed and schools to be suppressed. Alter aa absence of eight years the embassy returned to finu the Cross tumbled into the dust and the spirit of persecution ready to burst upon the unofeadiug heads of the converts to the doctrines of Heaven, THE STRENGTH OF CHRISTIANITY AT THE TIME OF ; THE BYICT OF PROHIBITION. Im 1597 Mt is sinted the number of pative Chris- “ans in the empire was about four hundred thou. sant. In that year twenty-three pricsts were crucified for thetr disregard of the imperial edict, 1n spite of the threats of the goverument, the Chris- tan convert clung to mis religion with the true heroism of the martyr. Not even the terrors of tor- ‘lure aad death could shake bis tiruily planted ‘ath, The arrogance of che Porwuguese and Spanish, assumed under the buil of the Pope, diviaing ali tnd newly discovered countries of the giove between them, was little recognized by either the Dutch or the English, Tuetr mercuant ships were sent out im squadrons and well armed, Furtnermore, to take tne richly laden Kast Indiaman o/ either nation Was looked upon as jegitimate gain. A DUIC! EXPEDITION SAILS FOR JAPAN, 1n the summer of 1595 @ fleet of five sail, belong- ing to the Kase India Company of Holland, saued from tue Texel, After a dangerous and stormy voyage the only surviving vesser in the spring of 1600 anchored on the coast of Bungo, near Usaka, On this vessel was Will Adams, a Kenush man, Wuo had been empioyed as a pilot, Of the crew but uve men were leit able to do duty. The intrigues of the Portuguese were at once directed against these un- fortunate men. The government, however, gave no heed to their suggestions, Ada ‘us and the survivors Oi the crew, however, were (o.d that they must re- main in the empire. Adams proved to bea man of More than oramary sagacity and learning, He soon by lis talents brougat himseli to the notice of the &mperor, aad, uke Polo in China, Was taken Mmto the imperial service, He taught mathematics and built two ships. The Portuguese and priests how fawned upon hiv influeuce, But a iew years betore they had urged his death. ARRIVAL OF DUTCH SHL’S AND PERMISSION TO TRADE, ‘ In 1609 two armed Dutch snips arrived in Japan. A smalt party visited tue tiaperial Court. Here they found Adams hign in power aud influence. Sul mindiul of hus Olu employers, he urged upon the presence of the distuuguished represen | he fad received, He was, however, reuevel of fur- ther concern in sabinpary aifairs by weig ever. omer 7 aeutu before he reached the cad of his journey. fe in loi & landing Was made Upon one of Lue Southern Kurile islaads velonging to Japan, Russia had already put her foot upon the nortuera islands, but the fact, it Would appear, had been Kept (rom the governmeut at Jeddo oy ime Japanese oiiciais, he Japanese were ta turn en. raged and wanted to kaow from the Duten whether be a Was sanctuoed by the Kussan govern: ea In 1808 another English armed ship arrived from India, At tus time England and Hollaod were at war. Great alaru was lett on shore, aud 4 plan was arranged to capture the Vessel vy surprise, bat failed, she escaping velore the con piracy Was Tipe for action. ‘The war, (00, had cur the Dulon OF. net only irom thelr home government, but aise irom Ube other colonies. 1a L915 two vessels fying the Daten flag siznaiied the auimoriies on Dectma, A ier Was delivered to Duell, the Duteh Resident, signed by Ratiles, the Engiist Governor of Java. ins jeer an nowaced tie trausier of tue Island Lo the eritish, aad relieved Voeli Of Lis ullice as calel of the Dulen iac~ vory at Deciina. 1'n1s was the first Salisiaotory the English, woich bad grown up aud veen jostered lu @ great measure by Duel hime, re- insed to accede to tie magnificent demaad of Ramles, upon tue ground parliy that Japau was ho dependeacy Ol Java. in the meantime the English ships Were at voell’s mercy, Waardener, 4 reue- gade Dutcuman, and Dr, Ainslie, aa Bugiehman, semt out LO secure the transter O1 the trade of Japan vo Englund, were also iu the power OL tae shrewd Dutcn Resident, Doeil threatened ty expose the English uf taey made any irouvie, The Daten had been five years without sappiles, and, Cousequeatiy, were in an WW sapan, Doel, theretore, a8 the price government a favorable response to tue Dutch over- tures for trade, His cause was successiut, and the Dutch were allowed to send two ships a year, Toe Dutch iactory was established at Firando, THE FIRST UNGLISH SHIP ARRIVES, Though he took & deep interest tn the success of the butch, Adams bore also a thought of the land of bis birth, There he had Jeit the strongest of ail Ues—a young wife and family, In his soitcitude for them he wrote a letter to is countrymen in the Hast in hopes some Uaings of him would reach his Western home. The letter was taken to Batavia and thence to London, where it jell into the hands of @ corporauon known as “fhe Worshipful Fellowship of the Merchants of London ‘trad- ing with the East indies”? A saip was sent out under Captain John Saris, who also carried a letter from James J, to the Prince ol Firando. The Clove, for that was the name of Saris’ ship, satied In the spring of 1611, aud, trading on the way, en- tered the harbor of Firando in the summer or 1613, Adams, who was at Jeddo, hasiened to meet nis countrymen, and conveyed saris and ten of his Companions to the capital. THE ENGLISH PERMITTED TO TRADE, A treaty Was at once negotiated giving itberty to the suojects of the King of Great sritain to trade and to sell without previously visiting Jeddo, ‘Ine Japanese agreed to assist shipwrecked mariners and to rewurn wrecked goods. Onlences committed by English were to be punished by English law. Permission was also given ‘0 purchase supplies and to explore other parts of the empire. By a later agreement English vessels in stress of weather were allowed to enter any port, but not to trade, saris returned to England, leaving eight Engiishmen, three Japanese mterpreters and two aative servants al the facwry at Firando, FAILURE OF THE ENGLISH FACTORY. In 1619 Adams died at Firando. His couutrymen, however, had, under his direction, made a favorable and enterprising Venice, while recounting to In- credulovs triends the wonderiul things he haa seen and heard, spoke of Cipango and how the courage and devotion of its people had beaten back the tide Of invasion and overthrown the magnificently ap- pointed armies of Kublai Khan, ‘tue conqueror of Asia and te territories of Europe.” POLO FIRST BRINGS JAPAN TO THE ATTENTION OF TRE WEST. The knowledge brought back by Polo might have been torgotieu and lost had it fallen only upon the barren brains of his friends. But the commércial | petition of wade. enterprise of the Italian republics had excited, m addition to the mere expansion of mercautile pur- suits, a spirit of maritime discovery and explora- tion whic called up the skill and genius of many boid and daring navigators. Science gathered into her jap all the experience and practical learning of students and travellers. Not the least of these con- tributors was Polo, Cathay, with her jewelied and conquering monarch, and Cipango, the isiand gem buried away im unknown seas, were careiull cherished in the storenouse of geographical Knowl- edge. One bundred and ninety-seven years atier the return of Polo, Columbus, tu his bold vovage to- wards the unknown West, encounters the fair island of Cuba and calls it Cipango. The geographical location of Cipango given by Polo was thought io correspond, but the magnificence of bis descrip- tions were only answered 10 @ luxuriant vegetation and a jew sirange people. THE FIRST EUROPEAN IN JAPAN. ‘The great Aamirai bad long gone the way ofall flesh belore tne tidings reacned Europe of the for- tunate stress of weather which drove Ferdinand Mendez V’into in his storm-beaten craft on the coast of Japan and compelied him to take reiuge in the harbor of Bungo, on the island of Kinsin, THE FIRST RECEPTION OF THE FORKIGNERS. ‘This unexpected event, which occurred in the year 1545-45, Was a8 much of a surprise to Pinto and hts companions as it was to the innabitants on the shore. ‘The arrival of the strangers created no sinall excitement, and an occurrence so extraordl- empire, but the portaits of Pinto sud his men were taken, to be preserved in the government collec- ton, This Orst meeting of foreigners with the Japanese was mutually agreeable, The people were [ree and hospitable toward the strangers. FIRST AGREEMENT TO TRADE. So great was the pleasure of meeting that Pinto and the Prince of Bango made an arrangement in which it Was stipulated that a Portuguese ship should be sent annually to the island of Kin-sin to trade; in return to receive gold, silver and copper. ‘Thus were inaugurated the first attempts at com- mercial! intercourse with Japan. THE ATTITUDE OF PORTUGAL. At this time the Portuguese were unquesitonavly im the advance to the race for the acquisition of new countries, This greed for territory had carried tue ships of Portugal, Spain, Holiand and Engrand into almost every seain the East. Portugal specally occupied a chain of maritime ports extending from her own shores to the stormy Coasts of Cipango. She occupied the important isles of the Atlantic, Madeira and the Cape de Verdes, Guinea and Congo on the mainiand of Africa, Goa on the soil of India, Macao, within the dominions of the descendants of the great Khan, and had now completed her fleld of commerce with the privileges of intercourse with Japan. MINTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIANITY INTO JAPAN, A few years after the arrival of the Portuguese a Japanese named Hansiro fled frum his native land to escape punishment for homictde and settled at the Portuguese Indian settlement at Goa. Here the refugee fel im with the propounders of a new reli ‘ion, and uader their arguments and teachings soon ame interested in this strange faith. With the natural ardor of & proselyte a mission was urged to be sent to Japan. That zealous and good man, Francis Xavier, was persuaded to head a few Jesuit monks, and landed in the country about the year Se ‘The enthusiasm of the Church of that day never met with a greater reward, The conversion of the heathen was actively commenced, Xavier and his colaborers met With Vaid gn kindness and suc- cess. Jn the incipiency of their work they received the same encouragement which had greeted Pinto at the hands of the Prince of Bungo. So pleased was Xavier that he exclaims: “I know not when to cease in speaking of the Japane: ‘Yhey are truly the delight of my heart?’ The Bonzes, alarmed at the encroachments ot these foreign doctrines, had recourse to the Monarch, wee him to banish thelr teachers. The Emperor asked how many religions were already permitted in Japan, Ihe answer was thirty-five. ‘“Theu,’”? said tue Monarch, “if thirty-five religions can be wilerated we can bear wiih turty-six. Leave the strangers in peace,” After a brief sojonrn in Japan Francis Xavier sailed for China, leaving the labor of the Cross ina Nourishing condition, Namerous churches, hospl- tals, convents and schools were opened or Lemg buiit and intermarriages were permitted, TRADE FLOURISHES AND NORE PORTS OPENED. The Portuguese trade with Japan increased rapidly. The warenouses of Macao and Goa were Jaden With articles to be sent by the aunuai ships ‘The mutnal jeiits of this trade encouraged the Portuguese (1) to suggest to tue Prince of Umura te superiority of the harbor of Nagasaki over the 1 to their slups, ine request was flag of Portugal was now treeiy admitted into the waters of Bungo, Firando (Firato) and Nagasaki. RELIGIOUS DISSENSIONS, While everything was prospering in respect to trade, religious dissension’ and intrigues were at work rapidly estranging the Japanese mind from their admiration of the new comers on the island, After ihe departure of Xavier, taking advantage of ine agreeable relations set up by him with the gov- ernment and the people, a number of Dominican, Augustinian and Franciscan friars, fresh trom tne hives at Goa and Macao, arrived in the country, Quarrels soon began; the lat arrivals against each ovner, and all against the colleagues of Xavier, the Jesuits. The iatter counselled peace, but found themselves powerless to stem the tide of disorder, The confusion mcident to these religious broils had naturally an ontavorable infuence upon the Japan- ese mind; ont other causes conduced to effect a fatal rupture, ‘he extortion practised by the Por. tuguese luty had already disyusted mau. A Por. tuguese Bishop refusing the customary courtesies to a high officer whom he met oa the way to Court ei insult upon injury. oti a JAPANESE FMUASSY TO THE POrE. Notwitnstanaing the storm which seemed to be gathering around the cause of Christianity an em- bassy com) sent in 1687 to Rome to meet the then reigning Pope, GagKory ULL The gorgeous cepemonsee of ihe impression upon the Japanese, and remained in the enjoyment of many privile; The success, how- ever, of their commercial enterprise was by no means satis'actory. ‘fen years after the landing of Saris the English factory was abandoned, leaving hone but the Dutch at Firando and the Portuguese at Nagasaki. DISCOVERY OF A CONSPIRACY—THE PORTUGUESE BANISHED. The intrig ues between the two commercial rivals in the empire grew flercer with the growth and com- A lortunate discovery disposed of these conflicting interests in a summary manner. A Poriuguese ship returning home was captured by the Dutcn, Among the papers taken were certain treasonabie letters written by a native Japanese, named Moro, to the King of Portugal. The author ol tuese letters Was an ardent Convert to the relt- gion of Rome and a warm friend to the Porvuguese. A conspiracy Was planned, bv means of which, with the assistance of Portuguese ships and soldiers, the Ziogoun’s government would be overtirown and the couniry annexed to we dominions of the King of Portuga.. The possession of this correspondence was duly appreciated py the butch. A ship Was sentin great haste to Japan, and tie documeats, with becoming evidences of solicitude, were handed over to the proper autuorities. fhe course of the Ziogvon was cle.i and decisive; an imperial edict, dated in 1637, was Issued, deciaring “that the whole race of the Portuguese, with their mothers, nurses, and what- r Lelongs to them, Were banished jorever.”” Nor thereafter was any native to leave the country on pata of aeath. THE DUTCH SECURE A MONOPOLY OF TRADE, Tne Portuguese still remained at Dezima, proba- bly anticipating a Lall in the storm; but two years later they were finaily expetied and the Dutch were Pianted in thew place. RELIGLOUS PERSECUTIONS, The unrestrained hostility of the government towards the treacherous Portuguese added to the flerce and atrocious persecutions against the suil smouldering embers ot Christianity. The barbari- ties inficued pon these people at last drove em into open opposition, ‘They made their last stand at Simabvawa, neur Nagasaki. Strengthened by te Spirit Of God within them, they resisted every at. tempt of the armies of the goveruament. “Tne Dutch were now called in, A Dutcu fleet, und the standard of a Christian people, bombarded the resolute deienders of God and their homes at Stin bawa. Two attempts had aiready failed. Human endurance at leogth found, its limit. ‘Lrurty tiou- sand Coristtan lives patd the penalty ol velief in Christ. Extermination had doue tts work, and over the graves ot the Christian jmartyrs of Stimavawa was reared the inseriptton:—“so tong as tne sun shall warm the earth jet no Christian bo so bold as to come to Japan; ana let all know that the King of Spain himset!, or the Christtan’s Gou, or the great God of all, if he violate tis command, shali pay tor iv with nis head’? THE DUTCH ALLOWED TO TRADE AT THE SACRIFICE OF NATIONAL iLONOR, The Dutch, in return for their questionable part in this fendish performance, were almost 1aime- diately (1641) ordered to establish Uuemselves on tne Island of Decima, This patch ot ferra jirma meas- ured about six hundred feet in length and about two hundred and zoriy feet in Width, A small stone briuge avout fifteen fect 1n length connected it with the main land oO Nagasaki. Here the Dutch sub- mitted toinsutts and humiliations which probably none but themselves would bave enuured with such unexampled patience. A Japanese guard prevented tem from entering the cliy without permission, and then only to remain becween sunrise and sun- sel, A Cross Was laid at the end of the bridge, over which every Dutchwan passing elther way was compelled to walk. It Is told of these people that on one occasion they were accused of being Chri Uans, Tue local authorities were injormed, how- ever, in return, that they were not Curistians, but Dutchmen. ‘This was satisfactory. THE DUICH POLICY IN THE Bast. The Dutch poicy In the Kast kept an eye alone to trade, Tney seemed to trouble themselves litle upon points of ceremony or hationat honor. Their success at the Same time kept pace wiih their un- | uring energies. By the close of the century they had built up for themseives a mighty empire in tne East. Java, Amboyna, Limor, the Moluccas, Uey- lon and tue Malabar aud Coromandel coasts oi India ‘were under their control, TWO CENTURIES OF EXCLUSION. The history of foreign datercourse with Japan for the next two centuries is barely more than a record Of fruitiess attempts to force & way through the walis of exciusion which had been drawn around the empire, ‘ihe Daten neid their own on the one solitary spot permitted to be used by them in the harbor of Nagasaki. It ts true they used the litte induence they possessed, through tueir torced presents to the court, to irustrate the opening of uny relations with other nations, And the govern- ment, in that frame of mind, welt calculated to op- pose everything, readily listened to their suggestions, ip Li the English made an attempt to renew their trade with tne empire, but were retused apon the ground that their King, Charies If, was allied by marriage to the royal family of Portugai, a piece of | information slyly injused into the ear of the govera- ment. Tue Englisn were, theretore, ordered tv de- | part, cargo aud all, by the frst Wind or not !ater tian twenty days. More tha a century now passed without any re- gorded eflorts to divide the trade of Japan watii we ten. In 1791 an English ship named the Argonaut, en- gaged 1m the fur trade on the northwest coast of Alnerica, appeared in the waters of Javan, but the governuient Was insensible to all requests for trade, In 1792 the Russians also made @ fruitless attempt to secure trading privileges. ENGLISH ASCENDANCY IN THE EAST. The conquests of the English im lodia had now given that nation an unquestioned ascendancy im the eastern world, The Dutch, in the promu ce which they bad mithervo heid, were completely over: shadowed, ‘The stavesmanship of Clive and Warren tlastings nad red upon the ruins of the cupires of Jameriane aud Akbar a vast Oriental colonial esiablisainent, destined to exert a powerful iniu- ence in the adairs of the maritime nations of Asta, Jn 1803 the Frederick, an Boglish Indiaman, sated with @& cargo m Calcutta to Japan. When sie Appeared oil Nagasaki sue was refusea admittance vo the harbor, aud Was ordered to depart in twenty- four hours, In 1504 @ Russian vessel, having on board Resa- No as Speciai Commissioner two Japan, arrived at Nagasaki. A controversy arose on ‘a point of etiguette In regard to bowing to the Emperor's re- a of three princes and attendants was | presentative, and @ retusal to assent to the custom of surrendermg the arms Of tue sup, notwith- lau be bad already givea uv ap ihe ammuD ag! ‘he ships were Ww be American, employed by tue Duich lor protection; the cargo aud saipa were to turned over to Lin as usual ‘The first receipts were io ve applied to the payment of the debts of Holland to Japan and the baiance to be used for the purciase of copper. ‘i'n ruse unques:1ouably saved the lives of the Buglso, and at the same time exiricated the Dutch from their embarrussments arising from tn war. Doel also succeeded in svcuring to himsell a large share ol the profits of the voyage. ‘Tne next year auother ship arrived from Java. The same plan Was adopted, and with equal suc- cess, Here, (nrough the devermmation of Doel, tor @ time was the only spot in the Bast over watch tne flag of Holiand waved, Upon the restorativa of Java to the Dutch thg old trade Was resumed with Japan, but Doe surrendered his autaority to an- otner, Wiiule these events were transpiring in the har- bor of Nugasaki, a Russian vessel of war, under Captain Golowim, arvived in the Kuriies, Landing at Kunascner isiand la @ suiall boat, he, with his compauious, Was taken prisvaer. Being assured that Goiowin had novuing to do with the atiack of 1807, he was released. lo 1318 Captain Gordon, of the British navy, arrived in a vessel oO: sixty-five tons, His treat meat Was CtVii, DUE all efforts to secure the opening of trade were inetfectual; even the presents brougnt tor Wwe goverument were relused, ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST AMERICAN SHIP IN JAPAN. Jo 1337 our own flag appeared for the first ume in the waters of Japau. Six years belore a Japauese jJuok, blown off, went asiiore ou the American coast, ab the mouth of the Columbia River, The Survivors ol this unpremeditated voyage were seut to Macao, and from there were sipped in the Morrison, an American merchantuman, toJeddo. Sue Was fred into, and, putting into Kagosima, on the Island of Kiu-sin, another battery opened upon her, Alver these Nostule demonstrations she returned to Macao, Nine years later (1346) au expeaition, con- bisilag Of a irigate and Corvette, from the United States, under Commodore Biidie, arrived in tne Bay of Jeduo, Alter ten days’ delay, failing to e1cit any other reply than tat “no trade can be allowed with any foreign Dauion excepy Holiand,’’ the feet sailed away. in 1849 the United States vessel-of-war Preble, be- longing to the squadron in the China Seas, visited Nagasaki to secure (he release O1 sixteen American seamen, Wrecked On tne coast. At first opposition ‘Was made, but a threat of returning and compeiling them to release the captives had the desired eect, THE UNITED STATES PAVES THK WAY TO COMMER- CIAL INTERCOURSE, After tnts long period of perplexing relations be- tween Japan and the rest of the world the whole scene suddenly changed. In 1552 Commodore Matthew Calvraith Perry sailed from tae United Staies on @ more formal aud formidable mission than nad ever beea sent by auy nation to Japan. For at least a year before tue sunject had veen talked 1, and had receivod the consideration of all Wwe leading governmeuts o: tue world. Tue fru Jess endeavors Wulch had already been made gave lutue encouragement for te success of the yew ex- pedition, PRERY’S ARRIVAL IN JAPAN—FOREIGN INTRIGUES. On the Iota o July, 1853, Commodore Perry, with @ portion of his fleet—the steamers Susquehanna (flagship, and Mississippi, and the sloops-ol-war paratoga and Plymouta—dropped anchor in tne Bay ot Jeddo. Russians, ie English and we Duveh were cruising about intriguing against tue success of the American expedition. 1t was pre- sumed at the tine, in the eveut Cf an Open cuillision between ie United states squadron and Japan, tat Russia would side with the latter tn hopes of gei- Uny @ (ootnuld in the country. A few mouths later, however, we Kussian Admiral proposed to joi with the American squadron, which was aeciined by Commodore Perry, partly on the grouuds that i would be “incousisvent with our policy ol ab- staining trom ail alliances with foreign Powers.” ‘The aggressive disposition already manitesied by Russia Was &@ uatter of no little concern to Japan, As early as Une latter part vi the seventeenth century the Russians began their policy of expansion. She had thus early seized some of the Kurile isies, and was ly ever ready to absorb more of te territo- ries ol the empire upon the slightest pretext, ‘Tne Empress Catherine had instruc.ed the Governor of Siberia to Seek to establish relatious, and tor that purpose in 1792, as we have seen, a ship left Ukolsk, but accompushed nothing. In anticipation of Perry’s arrival tue Dutch had exerted themselves m the most determined manuer to conclude a treaty, but without success, PERRY'S PROPOSITIONS FAVORABLY RECELVED. Commodore Perry having communicated the object Of nis mission to ihe Japanese government, aud at the same ume informed them of Ms powers to act, Met with a disposition inaicaung a favorable issue. Owing Lo the death of the Emperor and other sausfactory reasons for delay, he did not urge im- mediate action. During tis first visil, however, he deciined to accede ww the request to present the jetter of the President of te United States at Na- gasakl; hor Would he consent to receive any oue of less rank than a councillor of the empire. In both these poiwts he was successful. On July 14 the let- ter Was deilvercd in great ceremony on shore to two princes Of the empire. The Commodore received Trou tae two priuces the imperial receipt, He now offered to awalt a reply until bis return in tne fol- lowing spring. This deiay was the more desirable Iu consequence of the non-arrival of the presents brougnt irom the United States. Un July 17, 1853, Perry, With his entire fleet, leit the narpor, passing the ‘winter chiefly along the coast of China and watcuiug the movements of the Russians, PERKY KETURNS TO JEDDO. On the 11th of February, 1854, Perry again ap- peared in the Bay oi Jeddo. When tie last of we ships had arrived bis ships presented a display which had never yet been witnessed im the waters of Japan, a feel of nine vessels, thee of which were steamers, HARMONIOUS NEGOTIATIONS, The civilliies and negotiavions which ensued were conducted in the most periect spirit of har- mony. ‘he discretion, and, at the same time, tne mingled tirmness and consideration shown by Perry exerted @ remarkable influence, By the 23d of Fepruary all the terms of the treaty were agreed Y THE AMERICAN TREATY SIGNED. On the Sist of March, 1854, with becoming cere- mony, the treaty was signed tn whe presence of a large concourse of officers aud men from the ships and princes and secretaries and atteadants Irom the shore, ENVY OF THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH. Naturally the success of the American negottas tions was the envy of the European representatives in the Bast, wito, alter ali their endeavors, nad failed outright up to this time in accomplsming anything. he Knglisn treaty, which was signed seven months alter thatagreed upon with Comuno- dore Perry, gained not as much as his, their repre- sentative agreeing to accept an old post, the Japan- ese oficers threaieuing the English that Mu their oniciais broke the laws of Japan the ports would be closed, THE ENGLISH TRY TO DEPRECIATE THY AMERICAN TREATY. Notwithstanding the priority of time and aa. Vantage gamed vy Perry, the English, with that natural disposition to depreciate everythiug and everybody save themselves, were (disposed to cast reflections upon the result of the expedition of Perry, Une of their number said:—“lt 18 bighiy provable that whathas been done by Sir James Sterhng at Nagasaat may exceed in durability and value the work at Jeddo by tie Americans, alithouga that cost @ special mission, and was heralded to the world wiih @ very Joud flourish of tumpets mdeed.” The Dutch alterwards aiso claimed to have assisted Perry, when the tact is known beyond a doubt that they dil their best to make a treaty first aud were snubbed by tne Japanese govern. ment. itis Well Known that pefore tis, When the American expedition was talked of, tae Duin sent a Jeter to the Governor General m the Indies to re- quest the Governor of Nagasaki to appoint an agent to co-operate with the butch Kesldent at beoima ‘guout the means the latter should indicate in order to preserve Japan against the dadgers which threavenea her.” When the Japanese refused to enter iuto a ireaty with the Dutcn to release them from their undignified imprisonment on Decima the Duten solacead themscives in their humiliation by “resolving not to sacrifice the busisess to a mere matver of iorm.” When Perry arrivea he satled di the capital of the empire, which had never before Witnessed @ forema sayin ie harvor Le yur- | Cule: of wo ‘ NEW YORK HERALD, FRIDAY, MARUH 1, 1872.—TRIPLE SHEET. forination Duel tad nad respecung the siieuce ot the past five years. Doel, mundiut of | the intense hatred of the Japanese against — igne: irectiy to Jeado, | Rc Mayesty, dent, was of intrigue. fowever, | Clear of the tue drat was jaad uth an auswer to ats | veossl Walch “arrived at ‘mimeda, in March, 1555, requests could be receives from Jeddo. | Was well tresied, but a controversy arose om the pope at to reside in a all om of Pea readence, when t hor a bamboo tence, When adpmutted ¥ a “temporary residence.” u Aoguun’s ietier he was Was deemed advisable, as (iis Was Lae begtaning, | Seteelaaner ete heatenee | SMS "aae Saas Basse ast aads ie iesake t y ue new an im | gone, beoween Jen one ‘on are 4 } cud cA pert asure Liat nencelona you } ‘agreed upon real rican Com- more bring your slups inro our wavers.” KResanoi! meotore persoualiy LS; oe vea the | hacurally deparced in @ furious rage. Arriving at survey of the harbors which vad been thrown Kauitchatka he sent two armed vessels to ee open. He also came to an understanding in mal- descent upoa Japaa and set out bimwell o& | tersof detail With the local authorities. As regarded | Petersburg to report on the outrageous treatment officers and men about even wiiitu ihe grant no permission, harmony, but tae inver- a oa questions which Peoples into eotlimton. Perry in Japan was an nation, When the rau. as brougul back January, 1806, the an Tous, under the shadow o ine Mag of the repub- lie of the Uniiea Sains of America, was Japan aroused irom S Seep of over iWo centuries. The American treaty entered the outer works of Japanese eXciuson. strategy Was ow tele boc apie -@ the Uask, OUR TREATY OF 1595 THR MODEL FOR ALL NATIONS. ‘am tothe iroat aud gave In isos our fag to the World Whe Wedel for all te treaty eugage- meats catered oy Japan wits foreum nat ons, ae chiel ports om the euwire Were opened, (he aiplowmatie represeatauve of the United otates Was permitted to reside in the imperial capital and travel freely to any part of the © muRET Ce Was vulon & basis Which pro yaoon 1 the fuwure, the cConwoversies between Americans and Japanese were to be submitted toand aajusted, oF punished by recognized Jadi@ial imounais, every luterest of protective aud progress Was covered uy sacred compact, A JAVANKS® EMBASSY TO THE UNITRD STATES. Ind Apane viewed tue Unived States and Was everywhere treated with Unat rous hospitality forwheh the American heart is justly praised, Tve ratidcaitons of et treaty were \ormaily exchanged a& Washingioa, ia May, 1894, Our fag dad opened relations of peace and amuy wiih Japan, the ai It now led a step jurtaer tn come thow he West of the iriendsmp of Japan, 1 = all portant treaty, dapaa to-day aangered the exisung between Javan Western nations, fo ai ths tnneveien upon old custom there Was a national aversion on the part of some, and that aversion not unirequeatly mani rt iwelf in open and murderous assault, io 16) the English Legation at Jeddo Was attacked and two of its members Woanded. ia ise: Mr. Henkin, the American Secretary of Legation, was murdered, ‘The excitement and opposiiied at Luts (ime assulned such a heigat that the entire diplomatue body rest- dent at the imperial Court were compelled to with. draw vw Kanagawa. in 1862 anower attack Was made,upon tue English L on and & cor, killed, In the same year a riuing party from Yoko. hama were attached by the followers of the Prince Of Satsuma and one O1 We party Was killed, These outbursts of popular hustility on several oc- casions assumed tae dimensions of & quasi war, ‘The petuliar structure of the political fabric, whiea did not give the ruler at Jeddo absolute authoring frequently led to acts of war on the partof trnb- utary princes, for which the central yovernmeat Was held responsible, As the innovauons of the foreigners increased some of the more powerlul princes undertook to stem the current, aad ramed such adegree Of Opposition that tae government was unable to carry into effect its treaty engage- ments. In consequence of tus three Japanese en- voys were sent to Lond and @ protocol was agreed upon in June, 1863, deferring for a pe- riod of dive years, from January 1, 1863, the fulfidiment Of that article of the British ‘t relating to the Opening of the port of Ni-gata aud of tue port of pire and Osaka, and the residence of forsiguers in jeddo, In consideration of this act of lentency several of the old laws of the empire, it was agreed, would be abolishea, thus relieving joreigners irom suudry petty annoyances in trade. Holand, Prus- This same embassy visited sia and Portugal on the same errau The hosuinty of Mort Dawen, Priaco of Wagatt e hostility of Mort ince ol and Suno, exhibited from the batieries at the Straits of Simonoseki, beginaing In tie year 1864, having assamed a de; of importance which would make it dificult for the ta observe the treaties, led to an expedition of tne Combined forces of the United Staves, France, Great Britain and the Netherlands to destroy the batteries erected by that daimio and to reopen the trade of the tn- land sea, in the Convention of Simonoseki, signed by the representatives of the Powers above nained at Yokohama, October 22, 1864, the Japanese govern- ment consented to pay an indemnity Of $3,000, 00, ‘The result of this Was to suppress for a time ali overt acts of opposition. The inland sea was ut we same lime opened to trade, THE ATTACKS AT HIOGO. Shortly after the restoration of the Mikado in 1868, another sertes of attacks 7. foreigueis was com- menced in the vicinity of Hiogo. ‘The new guvern- ment, however, exerted tis utmost endeavors to restore order. Tne following proclamation was issued on the subject, and was posted 19 ali parts of the couatry :— It having been decreed, in consequence of tne late reforma- tion, by which the monarchca! goverument, and in order to the maintenance of Just principles by the Imperial Court, that His Majesty shonid have reiations with foreign coun: 1 Court will direct those re ations, and will with the rules of iuterna- jaw. herefore ordered that the whole pation do His Majesty's wi'l and act in accordance Ail persona in future guilty of murdering foreigners or of committing any acts of violence towards theth will be not only acting in opposition to His Majesty's express orers and be the cause of national misfortune, but also committing the heinous offence of causing the national dignity and good faith to suffer in the eyes of the Treaty Powers with whom His Majesty has deciared himself bound by relations of amity. Such offenaers shall be punished fn proportion to the gravily of the offence, their names, if they be Sumurat, being erased from the roll. It is hereby rigidly decreed that all persons shall obey this Imperial order and abstain from all such acts of violence. MARCO 35, 1868, The restoration of the Mikado and the evident necessity of sume steps to sirenathen the govern- ment and thus save the empire from dissolunon have led within the past two years to Important re- forms by way of experiments, The success of these has led to aresoluuion to go even farther, and to place the empire commerciaily at least on jooung: ‘With other nations of the world. As we have already said, the revision of the treaties is the first move- ment After the favorable impression made by Commodore Perry the Japanese government looked more lepienuy upon the advances of foreign nations, ‘The American treaty of 1853 accomplisned far more than was ever expected in so short a time. The action of the Embassy on this occasion will solve, it is presumed, ail that remains of opposition, and that between the shores of the United States nd Japan across tne broad Pacific there will be a great trade, mutuaily beneficlal. obey, Complete List of Treaties with Japan. Tne following 1s a complete list of treaties and conventions negotiated and ratified between Japan and foreign countries since the opening of the ex- isting relations: ~ ‘THe PERRY TREATY. 1854, March 31, or Kavel, the seventh year, third month and third day of tne Japanese calendar—a treaty of peace and amity with the United States of America, signed at Kauagawa, ratiied by the President of the United states July, (854; ratitications exchanged at Simoda, Japan, Feb- Tuary 21, 1855; proclaimed bv the President Juve 23, 185; cominissioner on the rt of the United States, Matthew Caibraitn Perry, Special Ambassador of the United States tu Japan; commissioners of “the August Sovereign of Japa Ido, Prince of Tsussima and Usono, member of t arti supulating that al a pertect, permanent and universal peace and @ sincere aad cordial amity between Tnited rice tates of Ame! art, on the one part and the ew and between their people respectively, without exception persons or piaces,”” The ports of Sinoda, in the prineipai of Idzu, and Hakodadi, in the principality of Matemai, were opened for the recevtion of American ships, with pecmiasion to take in supplies of wood, water, orovisions, coal and other arucies their necessities might require, as tar as the Japanese ‘Vessels thrown npon the coasts of Japan were to be assisted and their crews to be carried to either of the two oris named, to be received by their countrymen appointed uurpove. Shipwrecked men and other citizens ui the and Ha it Nagasaki, but wed placed upon the Dutch were to be tree to go ple: ‘ithin the limite of n Japanese miles, oF from a small island in tie haroor of Simoda designat the official chart to the were to have the same freedom ev United States squadron ates resorting to (he port open to them wer ver comm and articies 0 der auch regulations as should be temporarily estab.ished oF the Japanese government for that p provisions, coal and goods reqnired were to be 5 ° {hrongh the agency of Japanese oiicers appointed cor that purpose, and in no other manner; that if at any future day the government of Japan snottid ‘grant to any otuer pation or nations privileges and alvactages which are not in the treaty granted to the United ates and cit. zens thereof, these same privileges and advantages we United States and the © I Hikewise be oF Agents of she United States to reside in da at eny time after the expiration of eighteen months ‘the date of the signing of the treaty now agreed to, pro- ermments should deem such ar ory. Shipwrecked persons and other eit Diates were to be (ree, as im other coun: subjected to continement, But to be ameaa le 8; ships were not to resort to other porws than Juniess in distress or forced by stress of weather. ‘opened on the signing of ately iter the same day io the ensuing Japanese year.” of prices was to ven by the Japanese oilieers of the things wiilch they could urnish payment for whigh was to be made in gold and sliver coin. TRST ENGLISH TREATY. 18t—Octover 1d 1564 A wention with (reat Britain, securing the privilege of Brit nips resorting to Nagasast u to just aw: ame and Hakodadt Tepaire and suppiies. Ratiied py I pitan- bg pe the above nat fayneael Vetover ty ists. N ns conducted vy Sir James Stiriing, Kot Rear tral aad Commander-ia- vesecls angic Majesty ia n | opened to exchange gold and sil- | ,ods for other articles of goods un. | urpose, Wood, roe 1 the one part: aad 4 and Nagas TY. ‘of Ansel, tweifth mouth, ijurht General Vice ad. the Case | session of the latter. taken, practically, absolute pee ‘The Sosee porte of Hakodadt, Stmoda and Nagasaki were 1 ee ian shi respe provides for the saine Vriviegns enjoyed "by ciluens | United ot pang THE DUTCH TREATY. .— January w, signed at Nagasaki weaty and amity wita Golland, represented by “san Doaker Curuina. * i EON AMERICAN TREATY, 3, , or the fourth Japanese year of Ansel, montn, the twenty-sixth ‘das, a ited biates of America, cone'n led inom, between Townsend tiarri | erat « United States of America, | Prince of Sinano, and Nakamura, Prince’ of Dewa, Gover | more of Simoda, Nagasaki, ia tue principality of Hizen, was added to the ports opened to vevwels of the United States American citizens were allowea perinanentiy to side at Simoda and Makodadi; judicial powers were grante! to consular oillcers of ‘the United States to the effect “that Americans committing offences in Japan shall be tried by the American Const: General or Consul, and shail be punished aecording to American laws; Japanese comalt- Sing offenoes against Americans shall ue tried by the Jupar Rese authorities and puuished according to Japanese laws” foghan mamiited tie rivht of the Conse United states to go be; ry Kativet 'y the Prosidemt of tae Culved 1558; proclaimed by the Fresident June a, Bok SUP; LEMENTARY DUTCH TREATY. 1867, October 16. A supplementary trealy with Holland, tigned at Nazasaki, sae . pea SUPVLEM@NTARY RUSSIAN TREATY. 1897, Ootover 24, or Auset, the fourth year, seventh day of the niuth moon:—A supplementary treaty with Russia, fignns at Newasact, concluded vecween Count Kuphimius Foutiatine, Vice Adimirai aud Aide-de-Camp General of His jajesiy the kmmperor of all the Russias, aad three cor on the partoc Japan, Prescriving port dues and ries for tae government oR vessels trading with, the ports of Makouadi, Nagasastor Simuda; also to late "money vaiues and excoanges in trade, wad deuning the duties 0: Kussan consuiar oilicers. By this treaty another dipjomatic advance was made aecnowiedgiug the neutrality of Japauene waters, as Collows:— te of neutrate, acknow edced vy all'civitized uations, oblige two bellizeremt 8 to aitack the snips of theit adversaries in neutral incase of war between Russia whips will not attuck their THE FAMOUS HAKKIS TREATY AS BASIS OF TREATY BR- iin te LATIONS WITH JAPAN, 1858, July 29, corresponding with the Japanese ninetoensh day of the six. mont, of the hikh yout of hues Mina, reay of Am’ ¥ ned at Jeddo the above due. United of Tienda Gea- Ino-00-¥e, | it is empire of Japan; the same privileges we = 7 gerecameas of Cy second article of treaty it is stipulated cident of the United Statens re | render (riendiy aid to such Japanese verses as they may meet on the bi; #0 far as can be done without # breach of neutrality; American Consuls re-idiag a! Sei, shail also give them sack Irieadly ad as may be aa tae laws of the respective countries in which In aidivion to the porte of Simoda and Hakodadi, the ing ports were opened : oe boas Kanagawa, oo Juy 4 18a, Nagasagi, on Juy 4, Wy. Neo-e pata. va Jan 1. 1960, Hiego, on January L, I Dik monchs after the opeaing of Kanagawa, Simoda was to be ciused as s place of residence and trage'for American citizens, in the above poru ‘cliizens were to be permitted to reside and par ease Dull thereon, and to’ erect a aod ware- ties to make inspections, Ned tO reside im the Bias in the city of Sepencen’ st ‘ait fi ‘iro rice jo foreigners. government. N one of Woe Unie | Maiee on the same description vessels of vessels o. any other flatodast and Nagasaki, nod f an odicer of the Aimericam government, The tm} SS" 0 Ei tas catp ans ty the contr mniphate wene: whica bad the duty Bxed by the treaty might be trams ported by the Japanese to any part of Te ye ment of any tax, or transit ~A whatever; iene some description, foreign or ‘Japances, 1 passin weight, the exportation of come, tran allowed ;Stnone, offences committed "by Americas | silar jeans convicted of were to lose weir Lime to be allowed determined by the American Consular a wed free exercise of 3 that the Americans aod Japan culated to excite religious animosity; the J. authori- tes agree, upon the request of the American Consul, to cause the arrest of deseriers and (naitivesttrow justies, to receive ppilail persone beld a0 prisoners by the Consul and to assist im to enforce the observance of the laws by the Ameri cant who are on main land and to tain among | shipping; for to pay a jtist compensation , that, when heutrality, (ue Japanese goveremnent may purcosse or stroct all Kinds of ships, macitions of war and arms kinds, and any other things K may require; aise, un cae 0 Bt of ail kinds aod mart provisions of the treaty ty were re) as to this treaty isa vations under trade was to be conducted in Japan. p a of the ners to enter ite service. Of 1864 aa conflicted with the present Apponde. also the conveution of 1 “Americ: Ory OF TH Wt TREATY, nist 16Signed at Jeddo a treaty of amity aad commerce with Hol.an with recuiatious for the goveromens of trade, Kssentially the same ae (he American treaty, Russtan cory. bra 185%, August 7-19—Siznod at Jeddo a treaty of amily and comeal ‘with Russia and regulations for the government: of the Kussian trade. In ali material polate ine same as the ‘Auerican treaty. 1858, August 28 (e eighteenth day 01 Ansel, Tsucuinoye Mma 7 commerce with Great Britain, #gned at Jeddo, and ratifies: ‘sane place, July 1, 18%, hie ie iy, wot ‘accords ta the enter pot tre Appeuded were alse Teguiations for the government of British trade in Japaa, ENOH OCOFY. October 9—A treaty of peace, amity and commerce ‘Trance, ays at Jeado. This teaty was negotiated part of the Lmperor of the French by Le Sieur Jeam Baptiste Lowa, Baron Gros, The treaty aud co reculations appence! are materially the same as wiih the Uniteu States. Auge 3A eta pel cety_ and us ¥ a wi ‘ortagal and ations ior the ment commeres of trade, e in giving eect to their engi baving treaties with Japan, in consequence of the 9, offered by @ party in Japan hostile to ali interes foreigners. Tt was agreed te part of the Briush ment to defer for a period Of uve years, irom Ja 168, the fuitt!ment of the 111th article of their treaty of with re | January 1, 1582, andthe city of Osaka on Jamaary ‘The execuvion of the provisions of the Ureaty with reeard te 1, Hakodtaa! and Kanagawa was not tv be alvered ¥ reement. The Japacese havoys agreed that oreteners and restrictions oa trade were to be corrected. SWISS TREATY. 1964, February 6—A treaty of amity and commerce with: | the Federal Council of the Swiss Confederation, signed at Jedito. FRENCH INDEMNITY CONVENTION. 1864, June 26-—The Couven te 85, rr Province act of hostiity committed iu July, ‘agaiuss the ship Kien Cheng by being fred upon ie the Naxato. The Japaness goveroment stipaiaied ty | $140,000 Mexican, $100 Ww payable by ihe government 240,000 Ly the Proviner of to. YOROMAMA INDE) 184, Octover 22, sinod ac Yokohama—The Simonosent Convention, eutere! late ov the representatives of the Uoked France and the Netuerl wit weneet im Jane, 18d, by Mort of (ee Wreaty Powers “aad | nities of war, of eapediiion to Simane the tour Por Cha a the Prin | IMPRRIAL SANCTION TO THE TREATIES. ing imperial sanction Was given to the 4, COUMMUICATEE LO Khe Tepreseataaves o| France, Great Britain, Holand aod te Uaied States at litogo, November 24, int, by Mateudare slioki No Kan, Matsadaira Sane No Kou aad Ogasawara iki NO Kasai, Wemvers Of Lhe Goroyae The imperial coset ia given to the treation, and vor therefore, undertake tue Decestary ar Hon therrwith, To J) bor General noriicat The a munieated U» ai/ You will b hi inormed of the terme o Thereby put this en recort. MATS DAIRA NOVEMBER 2, 1805, A TALE CONVENTION, WOK! SO BANE The represewiative: of ime | Great Britain, Praace aut Houwad & aved om thelr respec: eOVerumeRES fr 4eA Lar Mees for the Modifea: on port dudes contain a@ndexed to the (reatto Wuport aad ga- tne trade regw) conciuded by theut gov ments respecuvely h the goverameu of Jay in 1358, Which Hey tiJoatioa Was provided tor uy seventh Oi Lose regulations, aud (ae Japanese gow ernment having given at Ovaka, la Noveaver, during @ Visit oc Lue above Lepreseutauves. @