The New York Herald Newspaper, January 29, 1872, Page 5

GEAWAN POLAR EXPLORATION. Now Plans by Weyprecht and Payer and Captain Koldewey. The German Leaders at Loggerheads—Advancs Sheets of Dr. Petermann’s Forthcoming ‘Geo. graphical Communications’ — Dr. Peter- mann’s Opinion of the Payer Discoveries— Voyages of Tobiesen and Mack—How Far Does the Florida Gulf Stream Extend Polewards?— A Russian Polar Legend—The Ayostle John and His Disciples Up in the High North. PRANEFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, Dec. 13, 1871. ‘The Germans, Swedes, Russians, English and Americans have for many years been carrying on the contest in North Polar exploration, and now Austria is coming In to take a snare in the spolis or honors, if wny are to be had. Messrs, Payer and ‘Weyprecht have aroused the Geographical Society in Vienna to the idea of fitting out an Austrian North Polar expedition, and Dr. Petermann, of Gotha, the head of the previous German expeditions, has declared his readiness to contribute 3,000 thalers ‘towards the enterprise. From this It 18 certain thas the breach between Dr. Petermann and Captain Koldewey, the leader of the two national German expeditions, is still further widened; and that the learnea geographer has chosen support men who believe in and corroborate his ‘wn proved ideas rather than to continue a con- mection with men of scientific acquirements hardly fitting them for such expeditions, and who appear to have ideas of their own which tuey want to put through, In opposition to all rational geo- @ruphical theories. Koldewey, who 1s supported by Drs. Boergen and Copeland, has also submitted @ plan to the Bremen Soctety for North Polar ex- * pioration, for a new enterprise for the year 1872, the | main points of which Nave aiready been made {| public, KOLDEWEY’S PLAN. Durmg the winter of 1372-73 the Swedes intend to make meteorological and other scientific obser- vations in Spitzbergen; the Russians similar obser- vationsin Nova Zembla, and Koldewey wishes to M™ out an expedition for East Greenland, having in view simultaneons meteorological and:sclentific ob- servations there, and the (urther exploration of East | Greenland, where the Germaus nave already accom: Plshed so much. The Germans, indeed, have been we first to open up the interior of Greenland, ana, in the words of Vopeland, it would be a pity if the @omplete exploration of this arctic continent were deft to other nations, Says Copeland:—‘The flora voyage of the Germanta has taught us more about the interior cuaracter of Greenland than all ovher Previous expeditions, and a steamboat voyage @f @ single week in the coast waters can open Bp to us hundreds of miles of new coast lines, and perhaps lead to higher points | than upon the high sea’? Copeland inclines | also to the idea that Greenland may be found to be & large system of islanis Instead of a conti- | nent, Koldewey estimates the cost of such an ex- pedition at 25,000 thalers, this providing provisions for two winters, From several sides it Is urged that in the exploration of the Greenland coast the Ger- Man marive should give its ala, and [am inclined to the view that this aid will be more readily af- forded to Koldewey’s plan than to any for the mere Teaching of the pole. It 1s particularly unfortunate Shat this difference should have arisen between the German leaders; but a careful study of the facts | brings us to the conclusion that Petermann 18 still in ine right, and Ko.dewey, a too practical sea cap- tain, denounces etermann's advauced opinions &. mere ‘tieory” without good reason, PAYER AND WEYPRECHI’S PRELIMINARY REPORT. The two German expeditions sentout by Dr. Pe- termann, under the commaad o1 Captain Koldewey, A@Dd al a total Cost Of 100,000 thalers, proved unsuc- cesstul, And yet the small expedition undertaken by Weyprecht and Payer mM the past summer, [0l- lowing the reuie cut out several years ago by Dr. Petermann, and jeading to the discovery of the open Nova Zembla Sea, proves that the great geog- | a curse ior the land, fled toward Wie hori. Arriving rapher’s theories ure entirely worthy of novice. Through the kindness of Dr, Petermann himself, ‘Who has favored us with advance sheets of his forth- coming “Geograpiical Commauications,” we are enabler to give some early information as to the results of late expeditions, es- pecially that of Weyprecht and Payer, which e Keograpuer justly esumaces very highty. In the first paper furu{sned us, entilied “Preliminary Ke- Port of the Austrian Expedition for the Exploration Of the Nova Zembla Sea by Weyprecbt and Payer, dune to Sepieumber, 1871,”” the writer (layer, we presume) says:— “Thoagh the atiempts made in recent years to solve the polar probiem failed, and the prooi was iuruished that the way previously taken did not give hopes of Ships ol the present Gonstruction penetrating farther towards the north, Dr. Petermann’s thorough survey of the observa- tions on ocean temperature of the North Atiantio Ocean anu we bordering territory bau irretutably proved the exisience of the Guif Stream m tiie whole @tretch irom Bear Isiant to Nova Zembia. This immense mass of warmed water coming in contact with the ice, must natu- Tally give up its warmth, and tt was piain that such an event Would not be without influence upon tne ice even to higher degrees of Iiitute. The small strip of warm water along tue west and north | coasis of Nova Zembla couid not possibly be the ead result of the extensive warin water basin between bear Isiana, the conilnent and Nova Zemnla, Ac- cording ty our view it must make its way potween the Jatier land aud Hope Isiand into the neart of the Poiar Basin.” DR, PETERMANN’S VIEWS, The result of this expedition is already well known, the chief of whicn was the discovery of the | open Nova Zembla dea, in which, on east iongitude 42 deg. 30 min., they reached a height of 78 deg. 43 min. northern lautude, and they could have pene- trated still higher had tme and circumstances permitted. ‘This sea, says the preitmi- Bary repo! is, to our conviction, the key ; the mythical Polynia, the ‘open sea | and upon this way going Nosth it is probable that results of great unportance May be obtained. Dr. Potermana says of tne re- sults of this expedition:—“Payer and Weyprecht have discovered an extensive, perfectly open ana Mavigable sea, tor tue most part [ree of ice, iu the very place Where would-be authorities had assumed sea filled with the densest ice. The discovery of @ uavigable seain the Polar regions ts whe greavest and most important di very that caa be made in such a territory, since thereby all ot her discoveries and explorauons are esseutially—nay,. nearly ex. Ciusively, conditioned by it. ‘he inost important Giscoveries aud explorations hitherto made in the North and south Polar regions fave been mane by ship, audin our own tmes we have to thank navigation alone for the eXpioration of the ‘iser Franz Josef Fjord py the second German expedition, the exploration 1a East Spitzbergen by Zeii and Hengin, and the voyage in and opening up | ol the Kara sea vy the Norwegian captains. Arctic | Journeys by sled arein comparison to arctic sea | Voyages as the letter carrier to the mau steamer or | the oid messenger Wowen in tie country to ihe mall post cars,” PAYER AND WEYPRECHT PROPOSE, in their preiiminary report tue sending out—funds, of course, Jorwcvinng—au expedition, or, really, three separate expeditions—tne first for the expior- aun of Gillis Laud, ana irom there northeast; & second, a3 uae true Polar expedition ior reaching the Nighest possible latitude upon the torty- second degree of longitude; and finally an expedition jrom Nova Zembla towards the east, in order to reach the Siberian Polynia. All turee expe- ditions must Le provided with sieam and with pro- visions {or (he wiater. ine later is necessary, since the most favorabie conditionsin the Nova Zembla Sea a@ppear so late, and inust be taken advantage of with the greatest energy. Dr. Petermann remarks further what the Norwegian captain Tobiesen not oniy explored the same sea @ mouth earner than Weyprecht und Payer, and found it navigaoie, but another Norwegian captain (Mack) provided with good instruments, navigated that open sea twenty- one degrees further eastward than tue sixtietu de- Gree ol east longitude, reached by the Austrians. Alter noti CARLSEN’S DISCOVERY of the rematus of Barent’s winter quarters, on the ortueasiern end of Nova Zembla, and Caplan jack’s doubling the furthest cape of northeast Hl Nova Zembla, Cape Bismarck, he reiers to the latter pavigator’s discovery of an important group of islands 1n the great bay of the northeast part of | Nova Zembia, These the Norwegian captain named | the Chestnut Islands (Kastanien Insela), after the West Indian Entada giyalobium which be tound there, and «says Dr. P.) “which constitute a new, frretutable proot for the views | have urged so long that the waters of the Gulf Streami—the tue Fior- ida stream—reacnes as far as vuose high iatituaes of the Polar Sea. Taking the open aud navigable sea discovered vy Weyprecht aud Payer, from tle Jorty-second to the sixtieth degree east lonyl- tude from Greenwich, with that followed by Mack to eighty one degrees of east lougr | | | the \ chest of tude, we have an area in exient meariy as Jarge as the German empire, and which in August and Septem ver is not merely open and navi- gable, but neariy absolutely free of ice, as iound Not terely by ow, but four authorities—vy Payer, ‘Weyprecnt, Tobiesen and Mack. in order to prop~ erly esumate the tnportance of the discovery of such an extensive, open, navigable Polar sea, which during @ comparatively goud space of time is totally free of ice, we must return to the grand aun which | have advocated for seven years past as shat of German Polar explorauion, This aim isn REW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, JANUARY 29, 1872—TRIPLE SHEET, cppection to. tae Bngiien prvlect. of, pase sleds, a8 follows:—By ship through the European jortnern only wae North Pole—thence penetrating the Centr: sea. } ‘THE VALUE OF THE NEW FISHING GROUND. | Petermann and the two Austrian explorers are, it is seefl, periectly th harmony, the Jatter put- Ung into successful practive the theory published years avo by the former, Koldewey’s rs are severely criticised by Petermann in comparing Laem with what has been accomplished vy Wevprecnt and Payer’s iittle expedition, though the programme first published by tuese explorers sald expressly that the expedifiun was Dot lor reacuing tae igh- est latitudes. The materiai value of Weyprecni and Payer’s discovery is imuense, These explorers saw, indeed, only tin whales, which are not so valu- able a8 the Greenland whales, and representa worth of 1,500 thalers. Captain Svend poe Ob. tained in 1870 @ cargo valued at 45,000 thalers, | Besides the whales are seals, Wairus Arctic shark and the white whale, 0 great value im the whole Eastera Sea; and Hengiin relates tuat ou ms voyage to Nova | Zempla in 1870 he met six Kussian yackis, whica | in @ few days had. caugnt 509 white wales (at elghty thalers, 40,000 thaiers), Petermann thinks vhat te buoty of this sea will prove as rich a mine as the Polar Sea wo the nortn of Bearing Strais has been to America, where in tue two first years, 1549 and 1850, Lue enormous win Of $+,500,000 was recorded, aud the Waaling business Is there as good @s ever, ihe English are already besinuiag to take advaniage Of Payer aud Weyprecht’s di-- covery, and a whale feet will proceed thitaer from Norway next year, ‘in America,” adds vt. Petermann, “the discoveries created great sensation, ‘The great discovery of Lieutenants Payer and Weyprocas in the high Norih (Writes the NEW YORK HERALD, October 26), has ted ia America deep grauiication aud pleasure.’’? The Norwegian Captain Mack tas spoken out his idea of a voyage through the entire Polar Sea, as far as Benriug’s Straits. Now that the prejudice 60 long existing against tue Nova Zembla Sea has been cast olf, and a real basis ior further Polar exploration won, we trust that Dr. | Petermann wil not only find the necessary | leaders—nis Weyprecht aud Payer—but that tue | funds for tis new enterprise will also: be forta- | col | ‘THE SYRUGGLE TO REACH THE “POLE'? is getting more exciting year by year, and every sumuner brings us some addition ty our stock of knowledge avout matters in the high Nord. But When wil the great news come of some —perhaps our own—explorers reaching the long-yearied- tor geographical pomt or idea we have designated vue “Poie?’ And what will be found when the expiorers get there? All Is still a mystery, Aud yel we uave descriptions of at. Frau Saga his been toere, and, disregarding the discuss Sion Ol polar savauis and sol-practical Captains, she assures us (hat ap there in (he lignest North exists the great boundless, open Polar sea. The tradition has exisied jor ceuturies perhaps; hers come from generation to generation and from lanu vo land, ana tells us, Lo encourage us to exertion perhaps, that up there ts the ice-iree sea around the pole, alive with numerous fish, swept over by myriads of sea fowl, whue in the centre 1s a beaucliul isiana Whose shores are washed with warmed waters, and upon Which biossom most beautiiul ‘trees and flowers; and are not broken by te rude norch wind. No storm ventures to disturb the eternal repose of this central, 1ce-lree polar sea, Warmed through by tae Guli Stream, wat Kane tnougnt he had seen, that Dr. Petermann expected tu tind with certainty aud which Koldewey declares to exist but in the phantasy of the study-roora explorers, it 13 from the Russian sailors aud dwetiers of the north. era coast that we get this pleasant Voiar legend, which | came across the other day. ‘ie Russian, who, when be heats of Jresit Polar explorations, strokes his beard and says, “Nay, nay, they won’t reacii it (the Vole) yet; the time of peace Las not yet come—the last disciple of St, Jou nas nol yet ap- peared.” A POLAR LEGEND, ‘The legend, as it exists in Kussia. is as follows:— Russia toe Holy, exvending from tne Void sea to the Girdle Mouatains (Ura), was &@ garden of God. ‘the lower jaw of @ primitive anuaai now in tue Museum at St. Petersburg snows tat the anunals luving at that time were so large that, compared Wilh theut, the huge mammotn appears a dwart. Human beings were thea good. Ihe vrees blos- somed aud bore delicious trait. But then the Lord transformed all this beauty into a barren, icy de- sert, It was onaFriday, Christ nad veen crucitied upon the distaot Goigotha, whlie Lo that disciple whom Jesus loved, and who nai lain bis head upon his Masier’s breast, death came not. “So 1 wil,” Jesus haa = said of nim, ‘thas he remaim antl I come. Aud Jonn lived, But lus words of warning—‘Love ye oue anotner,’? were unheeded. Hatred and envy tolowed him wherever ne preached, Frou place to place, and drow laud to land, Jona with nis disciples fed, fina- ing nowhere rest. Finally ue arrived in Russa, It was on @ Kriday—Char Friday. before him had gone Abasuerus, the clernal Jew, aanouncing what he nad done and what had happesed to him. lie was 4 curse, and he could not fad rest, And as Jonn entered tue temples of tne land and exhorted the people to peace and to return to love, irom Which they had been ied astray by the beauty and luxuriance of Lhe land, they made fun of nim and drove Lim out of the land with his disciples towards the nortn, But wherever the apostie went he slook the dust from nig feet, ana the land was transiormed into a bleak, icy desert. Snow and ice settled upon tue laud—tue earth was ciad in eternal winter, But Jon, driven away by the wraih of tue people, who consiklered nis stay among them as there, a ship receivéa nim, aud ne was taken vut of The reach ol his toes, ‘Tne ship was steered toward the north, and no one ventured to toilow. Behind 1t the sea Lroze Lo—the Waves were transiormed Lato Ice—the eiwrpal winter came. Bu the tradition crisis, the daylight bomen. to fail us, for we were entering the regions of the long nights of the Pole. we ieit We Were advancing on dest ractio! became also intensely Pola. Fortunately we nad an abundance of fuel and kept a good fire, and lamps constantly lighted in the cabin, while on deck the man at the whee! was relieved every hour. Inthe glimmer of light we had at noon of We fitth day we discovered ourselves driiung Grouse s vast fissure, about fifty fathoms wide, Ween the ice mountains that girdie the Pole. It was evident that this had been made quite recently, for the ice formations on either side exactly correspoaded. Here, except the sough ol tue gale, no other noise Was neard. The wina itself was our pilot, for the helm was frozen.” According to our parmens We Were about forty-eigat hours in ‘this feariul fissure. Alter that the wind vegan sen- sibly to abate. Now another danger beset us, for, as the wind fell, the feild ice began to form, Tne schooner ‘was already Cumbered with it, and consequentiy made slow Way. At the same ume the narrow pas- Po baby which we were appeared to be closing up. This movement of the mountain giants really helped ‘us, for it prevented the formation of Held ice, which Would have effectually destroyed us. Altuough the wind was yet high, we seemed to crawi along on our journey. We were hours passing a point, and nad almost wo give up im despair, when the moon, watch for siX months 1s the sun of the Pole, nsiug in silver glory before us, exposed co our view, not six ships, length ahead oi us, the open sea. It was a3 Many hours, however, before we reached it. When we did we began also to notice a sensi- bie diminution of vhe cold. Altnough we gradually ained in 8) }, making probably two knots an jour, we felt there was acurrent against us. Be- sore the moon set Geddes called our attention to the fact that the ice on ihe rigeing Was commencing to melt, and oa examining the bows of the vessel we noticed large icicies falling off into the sea, Hear- ing @ nolse like the reververations of distant thun- der in our wake, we looked belind us and beheld the reciosing of the fissure by which we had en- tered, We knew it proceeded from tnence from +f | witnessing the cOimmouion of the crests of the icebergs, some Of which we judged to have been eight hundred fect mgh. Tne view betore us Was one of superhuman brilllancy. The ice wall appeared to us like a city of glass filed with a thou- sand cathedrals, Here and there might be seen plateaus of snow, of billious of tons in weight, 3 so light and feathery in appearance that they jooked like down beds tor antediiuvian giants, Although we knew that we were shut out torever from the world we had known, the escape from imuiminent present dangers made us welcome the future with delight, We felt i to be impossible that a place so grand and 60 magnificent, should not have an isiand wildin ti sultabie for the home of man. At the same time feeling tuli of grati- tude for our escape, we returned our common thanks, irrespective of our creeds, aud bLeld on our course rejoicing. ENGLAND AND AMERICA. The American Claims Against England—The Cruisers for Whose Acts Great Britain is To Ke Held Responsible. From the London Times, Jan. 13.) It has been assumed in the British case, to be latd beiore the arbitrators at Geneva, Laat bo pecuniary claim would be made by the United States govern- ment in respect of any vessels except the Alabama herself, the Florida, the Georgia and the Shenan- doah, Tne ground of this assumption was the fact that nosuch claim had peen expressly put for ward during the civil war, or during the period ol stx years Watch has since elapsed, No assump- tion, however, could be more delusive. In Part V. of the American case a list 18 given of ‘the cruisers for whose acts the United States ask this tribunal to hold Great Britain responsible” in what purports to be chronological order. ‘They are as tollows :—‘*fhe Sumter, the Nashvule, the Fiorida and her tenders, the Clarence, the Tacony ana the Archer; the Alaba- ma and her tender, tne Tuscalo.sa; the Retribution, theGeorgia, the Tallahassee, the caimanza and the Shenandoan.’’ Jt will be remembered that, in each bihvy of Great Britam as extending not oaly to losses directly, incurred, but to conse- uential injuries of the remotest possible kind, We are calied upon to pay for the expense of pursning all these cruisers, the increase In the yate of msuraace upon American merchant vessels, “the transfer of the American commercial marine to the British flag’? and the general cost of the war, so far as the joint depredations of the Ala- bama anatwelve other vessels here enumerated may have contributed to prolong tt. It 18 not even pretended that ail of them were built or equipped or armed 1n British ports, the fact being that both the Sumter and Nashville, not to spaak of others, issued from American ports—the one from the Mississipp1, the other from Charleston. What is contended is that eacn and all received at least ‘excessive hos- tality” in harbors under the control of the ritish government--a hospitality which 13 un- favoraoly contrasted with the harshness and dis- the neutralily laws against the United States’ Davy. Some complaints of ths kind, espe- cially those relating to the Sumter and Nashvil‘e, are Incidentally noticed in the introductory part o! counter case BOW in course of preparation. briefly the material facts conceramg@ each, Ol Jona’s Neewy and his expected retarn remained in the land, PLEASANT POLAR PICTURES, Frau Saga told the poor Russian serf:—In the high Nori, in whe ice-tree sea sucrounding tno orth Pole, and upon a beautiiul Isiand, Jonn lives With lis disclpes. No one can get io aim, because impenetrable ive surrounds mis Tetreat, But irom tume to time he sends forth one of iis: disciples, through the open sea, through .the barrier of ice, whica opens to nim as he advances, to earth agam, where he again preaches to mankiad ihe Gospel of love. His reward, however, Is death; he dies, per- secuted by hatred and envy. Death 18 the reward of his love. But when the last disciple shall have been sent out and his love rewarded with death, then Johu dunselt will come jorth ana preach the doctrines of peave and love anu bring to torpid Kussia a hew spring. Thea Russia will again be- cuine a garden of God, and mankind will pe better. ‘This 1s the tradition of the open sea around the Pole. VUur Polar explorers can receive it as & legend for Christmas i they cnoose, buc the tradi- tion 18 & pleasant one and wortny of recital. 1! we consider the disciple John as but another personin- cation of the ail-powertul Scandinavieh Wuodan, the bearer of blessings to lus peuple, or Santa Claus, the great Christian giver, none tae less he has a signuicance. Legead 1s often the forerunner of history, aud creates pleasant ideal pictures of the fature ‘for her people, for which the latter must continually strive to procure, Better, perhaps, that the Polar explorers sould have sucu pictures of their goal belore them than scenes oi elernal ice, But whether they will find the apostle sull there or not canuot be foretold. [f they uo dnd him they could do nothing better than tell nim that his preaching 1s sadiy needed in Europe, waere neigh- borly peace and love appear to be tnings of the past, | AN IMAGINARY POLAR EXPEDITION. In these times of “North Pole Expeditions” our readers, we trust, will excuse us ia calling their at- tention to an imaginary successful one written by an occasional correspondent of this paper. R. W. Hume, 1n nis late sketch of ‘*“Emmanueis,”’ or North Pole Island, presents us with two pictures, viz. “Things as they are,” and, also, “things as (he con- siders) they ought to be.’’ We give au extract de- scriplive of the way in which the voyage was successiuily accomplished. Tne “We’’ in it refers } to four men of different nationalities, who had suc- ceeded in escaping from the mines at Niszka, and who also are the narrators of the story: — We made the town of Vlenck the following day about noon, but we stood off from it and recon- nottred unl dusk, lor we knew our escape from Nicolaiey would be reported by the steamer, which We saw alongside the wharl Among the craft we uoticed & schvoner ancllored ont in mid stream, parently reauy lor sea. From nec size, we és ated there Wouid not be more men taan we could manage on board of her, so we thought it best to attempt ga Was to run down the coast to the mouth vf tne Lena River, scuttle the schooner and make lor the first village we could find. We also expected to find some seamen’s clothes in her, Waich would euabie us to disguise ourselves, so that we should not be recognized aa government prisoners. As Sovun as it Was dark We put our plan into Operauion. Taere Was a lignt in her cavia, and in it we fonad a man and @ boy, both asieep, We very quickly captured them, aad then set to work to heave ancuor, Geddes, WhO was an experienced mariner, jound some Charts in a locker in the cabin, and told us we had to run down avout seven degrees ol east Longitude belore we should arrive atour pro- posed desiiuation. Lut, as a degree of longitude in inat latitude 1s only about twenty-five miles, he thought, sf we lad juck, We could do it in two days. Happily for ua we found the schooner was laden with rye four and bears’ hams, so that we should Not want for provisions. There were also @ clothes, such as are worn by Rus sian sailors; one complete tur sult, which we judged velenged to the captain, ‘as it nad been worn, and A ey of good bear skins. When We airived at the headland on the eastern side Of the moun of the river we set airiftin our little craft the man and boy we her capture. ur ¢ ‘captured, ieee tat, by the ume they again reached Uleisk, We sould be too far away to be pursued. Immediately atcer tuey left us the wind veered round southerly, aud it commenced to blow @ gale, We close-recied the mainsail, but soun loud that the only chance we had was .to run pe- fore 1 The first day we managed to noid our course norti-nortiegst, and fell in with land, which we touk Lo be Ue island of Koselnol, but the gale in- prbepe and the wind falllag off southerly, we were compelled to scudebefore t due north, During te next twenty-four how's we fell in withiee, The wind increased 10 yioience and beat down the sea; exceps a very slight roil, there Was no motion in our little vessel, She seemed to be pinned down to her work, bat we could judge the terriile speed at whicn wo were going by listening to the suction of the water at her sides. To add bo the horrora of ovr situation. at thig spectively. The Florida was a vessel manifestly designed for warlike purposes, laid down in the Mersey about vhe end of 156i, itke the Alabama, but was com- pleted four months earlier and toox her fiual de- arture, under ihe name of the Vreto, on the 22a of arch, 1862, Unlike the Alabama, however, she was not frauduleutly smuggled out to sea, but daly registered a3 a British vessel and cleared for Palermo and Jamaica. Mr. Adams conveyed to Lord Russell beforehand Mr. Dudiey’s strong ‘im- pression that she was iufendec tor a Contederate privateer; but this smpression Was supported by no evidence, and, upon an inquiry being instituted, the examiners reported thelr belief that she was, as she professed to be, destinea for the {talian gover ment. Instance, the United States interpret the responsi- | courtesy alleged to have been shown in enforcing | the British case. Others will have to be metin fue { ‘or the present, it will be convenient to separate the charges 10 respect of the Florida, Georgia and Sne- nandoah from all the rest, and to recapitulacve very | as stated im the American and the British case re. All the world now knows how erroneous their belief was, and, with this later acquirea know- ; Britain. But 1 does surprise us tnat absolutely no account should be taken in the American case Of the “prodigious diMeulties which must be over- come by any neutral government, and 68) by the British government, before it can suppress iMegal equipments. These dificuities have often found imsuperable by the United states govern. ment, with all its experience of filibastering expe- aitions and even Fenian raids upon Canada, aieas ized, so Lo speak, in broad daylight and without the semblance of legality, have not alw: been ef- fectuaily prevent by the American Executive, | which, like our own, feels bound in such to keep within its constituuonal powers, But no strain ever put on the neutrality laws of the United States can be compared with that to which our own were subjected. It 1s not merely that In- | |, credible efforts were made by the Coniederate gov- ernment to evade them, but that, owing to our | manifold shipbuilding transactions, 1t was tm} a ble to identily a ship as destined for tne Contederate service withont positive evidence of that fact. ‘Yhere are always war vessels in our do:k- yards in process of construction by contract Jor various oreign Powers without the cog- nizance ol our government, $0 that no adverse in. “Terence could be drawn from the warlike build of the Alabama or Florida, which, in this respect, dif- fered essentially trom the Georgia and the Shenan- doah, We do not put forward tunis consideration as | decisive of the issue submitted to aroltration, put we do assert that itis one of 100 great weight to be ignored, es as most of the other vessels against which Adams made _ representa- tions turned out to be innocent merci d Nor can we help expressing our regret that, | although Mr. Adams’ despatches frequently cup- | tained acknowledgments of the prompt action taken by the Britisn government, the scanttest possible | recogmition is accorded in the American case to | instances of its successful interposition, and it ts | even maintained that no credit at all 18 due to Great | Britain for aefaining and purchasing the rams, We | | reserve, for the present, any comments on the | general spirit in wyich the bt against this country have been framed; but, however the im- Puiation of unworthy motives may be justified, | Bothing can justuy a want of candor in dealing with facts, SCHENCK AND THE EMMA MINE COMPANY Tho Retirement of General Scheuck from the Direction of the Emma Mining Company— The Generals Letter. ‘Tne following relates tothe Emma Mining Com- pany, the retirement of General Schenck from the \ direction, and the rumors circulated with regard to , Yhe mine in San Francisco and other parts of Ame- | | rica :— GENERAL SCHENCK AND THE EMMA MINE, EMMA MINING COMPANY (LIMITED), UREN VICTORIA STREET, Jan, 10, 1872. Sir—The directors nave no desire to thrust the aifairs of this company unnecessarily before the | puoiic, as they have every reason to ve highly satise fled witl: the position and prospects of the company; but the remarks made by the Philadelphia corres- pondeat of the Zemes, and publisned on Friday last, cannot be passed over in silence, or shareholders | might be induced to sacrifice their properiy in the belief that taey had been decetved, ‘As the Times bus lent the weight of its great cir culation to the depreciatory remarks, 1b seems not unreasonable to request that you will publish some- thmg of an explanation, aud I beg to enclose a let- ter received trom General Schenck on nis resigna- | ton of his position as director, whica I have Nis full permission to make public, it was & matter of great regret to all of us to lose General Schenck’s straightiorward honesty and shrewdness at our Board; but you will observe that he left trom motives creditable to himsel{—duty to his government and loyalty to his party; that he leit wiih unabated confidence in the prospects of the company, and that he “dissolved connection,” not as stated by the 7imes’ correspondent, “with the company,’ but only with the management, ‘The extracts the Zimes’ correspondent makes from the White Pine News, to tne eifect that the late | Owners “had gutted the mine,’ and that there were to be ‘some Of the iallest lawing ever known” as to its ownership, would be entirely unworthy ot notice vat ior the Zimes circulating them, Against litigation for the title we are guaranteed by the vendors, and the very “tall lawing’ nas re- | Solved Itself into an offer to accept £8,000 as settle- | ment of the claim to a property just sold for a mil- } on sterling, a suiicient proof of tue nature of the | claim made, j If the mine has been “gutted,” the operation has | been somewhat incomplete, for, besides the large Masses ot ore known to remain at the date of pur. | chase, more has becn discovered since, and of a | BUIl richer character, Duc these Matters of detail will be more fully explained to the shareholders, who are really the parties interested, and not the | public, Lam, sir, your most obedient servant, GEORGE ANDERSON, Chairman of Directors of the Emma Mining Com- pany (Limited), (Inclosure.) —« LonDon, Dec. 6, 1871, DEAR SiR—I hereby resign my place as a director | Of the Emma Silver Mining Company, and request | you to communicace this notice of the fact to the | Board at their next meeting, in thus withdrawing from the trust reposed in THE CATACAZY CASE. The Russian Press om the Fish and Catacasy Case—Engiand the Mutual Enemy of Rus- sia and the United States. Sr. PETERSBURG, Jan. 7, 1872. SS —————————— BRAZIL. The Conse of Reform, Religions, Edacational and Social, in the Empire The Moseow Gazetta contains the following lead- | Convents and Cloisters To Be Turned Into Free ing arttele on the subject of M, Catacaazy’s recall:— “As our readers already know, President Grant deemed it necessary to declare in nis Message that the proceedings of the Russian Ambassador at Washington made all intercourse witn him impossible and compelied the President to ask the Russian government to recall nat functionary. The chief motive of the dissatisfaction with our Ambas- sador consisted, according to the President, In his interference into the relations of the United States with other governments. But what this interfer- ence was and of what it consisted, the Prestdeat did not mention. He added only that iis desire had been fulfilled, and that the relations with Russia re- mained as formerly, quite friendly. “hmmeiately after this vague declaration, and as if with a view to clear it up a little, the oitictat cor- | respondence of the Secretary of State on this sub- Ject was published in the American papers, Tus correspond ence consists of an immeasurably long despatch of Mr. Fish, dated the 16th of November, adaressed to the United States Ambassador at St. Petersburg and enumerating the causes of dissatis- Yaction with M. Catacazy, strictly 1ormal despatches exchanged between Mr. Fish and M, Catacazy with reference to the ces- Cavinet of Wasnington, In the United States the panted by detailed reports of the sundry Ministers. But we know very well that by far not all the docu- ments presented to Congress are published, In case of need diplomatic secrecy is preserved in America by no means less stricily wan in Europe. As a@ proof thia we need oniy recall the negotiations concerning the purchase of our Nortn American dominions, which transaction became Known only when it was an accomplished fact. The publication of a diplomatic correspoad- ence is made by order of the Congress, and the se- lection of the documents to be published is made by the chairman of the commission; and, as the sup- porters of the President and of Mr. Fish did their best to overthrow Mr. Sumner, who was @ man of imdependent character and of great Indinence on the foreign policy uf the United States, it became quite Clear to us that the publication of a correspondence accusing the Russian Ambassador of all sorts of make out for what purpose. “But .et us see what were the motives for discon. tent against the Ambassador, From Mr, Fise’s despatch we see only that M. Catacazy became ils. agreeable to Mr, Fish snortly after his arrival tn America and chiefly consequent on his opposition tothe Persins claims, Mr. Fish took very muca to heart this affair of an already deceased man, Lie accused our Ambassador of having exposed this affair, as well as the persons concerned it It, and with having exposed them not only in copyersation, but in newspaper articles well, Mr. Fish says that, aitnough he is | unable to prove that all such articles were written On several of such articies there were even expla- nations between Mr. Fish and M. Catacazy, and although the latter repudiates having any sort of connection with them, Mr, Fisi says he learnea trom certain reporters of the name or Adams and Frank ‘Turk that the articles were written by M. Catacazy himself. Further, Mr. Fisit assures us that he knows through some dis- missed official of tie name of Tasistro that last year’s forged despatch of General Ig- natieff was first seen in M, Catacazy’s house, and then only communicated to the agents of Perkins with a view to deceive them. The whole of this improbable story 13 related with endless details tn the despatch of Mr. Fish, and, subsequently, a tew more limes accuse M, Catacazy of having ¢u- tations which were olng oa between England and the United States, @ must avow we cannot un- remains fn silence, All we Know is that while dn | me I desire to express to my assoctates In the man- agement of the company my sincere and high ap- preclation of cach and evory one of them as gen- tlemen of distinguished position and character, wish waom it has been to me a pleasure to ve con- nected. ‘My resignation is upon grounds purely personal to mysell, In consenting to become a director I Know that I but exercised @ private and Individual right, in no way incompauble with public or oficial duty; but 1 preter to take away from some who have criticised me even @ pretext for thir comments or attacks. I bex, therefore, to record my assurance to you and the other memoers of tne Board that I continue to have the fuliess confidence in che vaiue and profitaplenesa of the property they have in charge, in which I sull hold all the shares 1 have been able to take. 1am, very respecifully, your obedicat servant, ROBY SCHEN( » Esq. M. P., Chairman, &¢, \ GEORGE ANDERSC THE SAN JOAN QUESTION. {From the London Standard.) The importance of the pending arbitration on the abie to hurt in any way the relations between Ame- bring the two countries to Iriendly relations, siace and of four short, { sation of the latter geatleman’s relations with the | annual Message of the President 1s usyally accom: | diplomatic improprieties, bas been made through | | the Influence of Mr. Fish, though we are unapie to as | by M, Catacazy, he 1s bound to conclude from their | tone that they were inspired by the Ambassador. | deavored in all sorts of ways to preclude the nego. | derstand how the Russian Ambassador could have | interfered. with negotiations in which he | had no part whatever. But on this point Mr. Fig) otherwise so full of verbiage, rica and England it 18 no part of the mission of our ; Ambassadors either In Washington or in London to | and Open Schools—Church Incorporation Rule Against Natural Affection and Femily Ties—A Dying Sister and Indignant Brother—ihe American Street Car System a Powerful Agency of De- mocrac —Rio Society Revolu- tionized--The Chicago Fund— Absence of the United States Naval Flag. Rro JANEIRO, Dec. 25, 1871. There 1s frequently recurring evidence that | through the crust of bigotry aad vanity and super- stition and death-like conservatism which seems to nave excluded the people of Brazil uot only, but the | People of this Brazilian metropolitan centre as well, from the material and moral benefits which have flowed in upon other nations, that more liberal Idend | are finding a way for entrance here and there, and that in many instances the wall of intolerance andi | vain self-tmportance has been entirely razed aud ; obliterated. Among other proofs of this fact is tha | growing interest in the matter of general public in- | struction, and this 18 one of the most satisiactory ‘ evidences of tne mental and moral advancemenc of Braz). Give her some more comprehen- | sive system of public school mstraction, aiming at a bigher standard of education than what hast | been already established, with an importation of some of those ideas and modes of insiruction which’ | other nations—more especially the United Statee— | have by examination and trial proved worthy of! | adoption, and in haifa generation the moral, i noG | material, gain to Brazil would be incalcuiabie. One of the most venerable and extensive of the } ecclesiastical establishments of Rio is the Convens | of Ajuda, on the Rua Ajuda, The Papal hat stuce coed over ifs door ana the long lines of heavily, barred windows tell ol an age when the spirit ands the letter of Roman Catholicism were more dowt- nant than at present, in passing before this, ag | before most of the religious editices of the city, } masculine Brazilian humanity raises its hat in def. | erential courtesy. It is an old custom, yet retained, giving evidence of the profoundness of that respect | an which the temples of Catholicism according ta Rome have ever been held here. ‘the thought of making any secular use of even the extensive un- occupied and useless grounds connected with these | establishments would, only @ lew years ago, have been bardy to entertain and probably dangerous to | propose, but now the huge walls about ihe grounds of this old convent o: Ajuda have given way, and a large section o1 tie land is to be used for the | erection of @ building for a public school which ' shall be mucn in advance of anytiung of the Kind | belore attempted here, ‘The activity with whicls the Werk Nas een pusied so jar 18 remarkable contrast with the tardiness of building o; | eneraily, and tie rig the hamime: the (rowel lave & greater stguilicance thau the ict of the material buliding, for they tell of a new order ! of things and of advancing itberal ideas. When this structure ts finisned the old, Massive, aseless convent near at hauu, and the new Will bo moRUMents oi’ two periods widely distin The Roman Catholic priesthood would, if possibile, prevent these new movements, but while the people of the large towns of Brazil may go thronga the | formalities and ceremowials of thal faii, the tn- | fence of the priests over the Masses amounts to (fiuttle or nothing. 1 question tf in any portion of | the world the individual and officia\ influence of | the priesthood over ihe better mass Of tie popula. hon 18 as sligut as here, BXAMCLE OF REFORM. Not very long ayo one of the sisters in tus very Convent of Ajuda Was taken sick, AS bie eVi- dences of the near approach of death continued to | gather the invalid sister expressed a wish to see | her mother, woo resided in the city, The request Was answered by the cuief oficial that the coming of her mother to see her would not affect her con- tion, and tne granting Of the request was refused. “he khowiedge of the daughter's iutal Mloess, and the desive to sce again in Uns life her omy parent living, reached tie mother, ani she immediately proceeded Lo the convent, accompaiied vy ber sou, and asked permission to enter and see her dying daughter, but was emphatically reinsed, She then | itis well known that nothing of the sort can be re- | demanded the right to see her coud again, but vet alized between them, “This is all the Ampassador 1s accused of, except i Fish. been wrong, Was there ni ceaaity of turaing | disunetiy told that ould Mob enter; that | seeing her daughter could not affect her daughier’s his personal character did also not suit Mr. | soul; and that she must pass from ler present stave But, supposing even that M. Catacazy had tuto Lhe UNKNOWN iuture without apy intrusion; ud that whe moter could see the daughter's body @ personal into a political affair, and making a | after deati. scandal of world-wide eclat? Was it 1 America’s | Anterests to do so? “Even were we to have any disagreements with America we ought never to snow them to, tile rest of the world, Such disagreements cau oaly ve no- mentary ones; for Russia and America have no sort | ¥ compeuition, and cannot fear any sort of coilis- jon. a Miniaver of the United Staves to put into jeopardy an old friendstip, instead of—as Mr. Wintuarop. said—“holding the old friend with an iron arm.” And if there could not be any American interest capable of causing a Minister to act in this way, then it must have been an anti-American interest | that was at work. Now, what could it have been ? “There is a country with which America has per- manent outstanding accounts. She has with that What sort of interest might then have causea country even now @ quarrel subjected to a foreign | ‘The girl passed away from earth. ‘The son and vrower, in his tmdignation, calied public aitention to the “outrage.” and for Gays the columns of the papers were marked with articles of reprobation and Vituperation, Calumuiatory epi- thets were applied Lo the priesthood aud we Bish and they were jusuited in the streets. Indignac: of that kind is ephemeral here, and it seemed bo p | away, aod latterly ttle has been said avout the | case. STREET RA\LROAD3 AS CIVILIZING AGENTS. Lam positive tbat the beneficial changes which ‘ are continually occurring mche habits aud modes aud Ideas Of the Biaziliang here may be traceavie, { to aconsideravle excent, to the iniluences of tbe system of street ratiroads, DOW in active operation | here and excellently managed. Previous to the in~ toduction of uorsé cars tne means Ot local travel ledge on its side, the United states government now speaks of the inquiry a3 mockery, Yet it ts cer- tain that none of the crew knewsthat which 1s now representel as matier of comm™n notor ety, and, Alabama cluims has a teudency to distract public attention from the owber branches of the great Anglo-American lawsuit, A telegram from Beriin, however, which is published this morniug, cannot tribunal. Thiscountry ts England, whico has also some accounts with Rus#ia, and which ts, there- fore, looking at us Just with the same hatred as she | looks upon America. Situaved between the two Was imperiect, expensive and not extrayagantly patronized. Now the city 18 thorougnly per- meated with lines of street railrouas, than What 1% more, when they found it oat at Nassal where she arrivea on April 28, they reiused (o pro- ceed furiner on thelr voyage. At Nassau she at Once became an object of suspicion, and was ulti- mately seized by order of the Governor. Proceedings were tien commenced her in the proper Court; but the Judge heid that no evidence of acts done beyond the colonial jurisdiction was admissible, aud’sie was released by @ judicial decree on the 2d of August. This ruling, as 18 admitted ip the Briash case, was doubtiess erroncous, but there ls notulng whatever to justify | but excite the curiosity of all who are even slightly acquainted with the subject to whick it relates, The Emperor of Germany 18 the arbitrator appointed to settle the long standing san Juan dis- pute, and it is now announced that the memoranda against ; of both the Englishand American governments in reterence to this difficulty have been piaced in his hands As the United States’ case tn respect of the Alabama claims has been made public through tne medium of the New York ress, it is possivle that we may ere long made acquainted with the wawure of the the wholesale imputations of partiality cast’ upon | claims now advanced on San Juan. To ail students the Governor, the Court, the law oilicers and ail the civil authorities of the colony, in this part of the American case. Having sailed from Nassau unarmed, with such hands as could be obtained, she afterwards received her armament off anocher of the Bahama Islands, visited Cardenas, in Cuba, and on the 4th of September ran the bicckade into Mo- bile, The American case passes very ligntiy over ‘this stage in her career, merely relating that ‘‘dur- the night of the 16th of January, 1863, the Flo- The British case, on the other in; rida leit Mobile,” of American diplomacy this minor case will iave an | interest only second to thas referred to the Geneva ' Commissioners, As for the magnitade of tne inte- rests at stake the San Juan question ts one of far inferior importance to that on which the Alapama arbitration must turn; but in its bearings on international justice the far Western dispute is worthy of attentive examination. ‘ihe rights Ol this cage are intricate, but to any one who will trace them to their source they are even clearer | than those of the Alabama controversy. Rarely hand, calis attention to the extraord:siary negligence | has any country been called upon to subinit to of the blockading squadron, through which she twice passed, aud brings out che material tact that “pelore committing any hostilities against vessels of citizens of the United States she sailed for and entered a port of the Confederates, where she re- mained during more than four months, and was jor war, and enlisted @ crew, and from wnence she was finaily sent out to The remaining articles of charge affecting the Florida are founded eutirely upon the ties n af. put in condition cruise.’ of coaliug and repairing alieyed io have forded her at Nassau, Barbados and Bermuda in excess of those sanctioned by the Regulations issued on January 31, 1862, Some of the points here raised appear to us trivial in the extreme, others deserve a more serious reply; but it will be for the arbitrators to decide whether any of them disclose a substantive ground of complaiut under the rules of the Washington ‘Treaty, It will not be necessary to review in detail the history of the Georgia and the Shenandoah, neither of, which, according to the statement of degree, within tne dominions of Her Majesty, ntted out, armed or equipped for war, or spealaily adapted to warttke use,” British government the receipt of @ note from Mr. Adams, April 8 dated the coast of Frauce, The Shenandoah was an ordi- nary merchant vessel, which had made a trading Voyage to New Zealand ana China; nor was her real desuuation suspected by the officers and men wno shipped in ber when she jeft the port of London, under her original name of the sea King, m_ Octover, 1844 In fact, all ex- cept three or four quitted ner on finding the position into which they had been entrappe: by toe Captain, Who took in warlike stores in Por- tuguese waters from @ steamer cailed the Laurel, and then made over the Sea King to an armed party of Coniederate sailors from the same ves+ sel, it 1s, of course, easy to say that both the Georgia and Shenandoab were “notoriously” fitted out within British juriadicuion to cruise agaiust the United States, but at will not be so easy to prove It, and, so far as they are concerned, we may confidently anticipate an acquittal of the Briush gover nment on the score of negligence. The ques- Won Will remain Whetner a breach of neutrality was involved In subsequently admitting such vessels to Britisa ports ag lawtully commissioned men-of-war, or in the failure to institute proceedings agalust_ all the guilty parties—tfor some were actually prosecuted by order ot the government. In short, the arbitrators Will in thia, a 1n many other instances, be required to decide between two entirely con fiicting doctrines, the one of whica, hitherto accepted by neutral States and notably by America, limits the obligation of neutrality in time of war to preventive meas- ‘ures, While the other extends it to active measures for pumsbing either belligerent wno may have profited by an abuse of the neutral territory, and all Who may have alded and abetted him, Conside ring now severely American commerce fered during the war We cannot be surprised that tric’er view of neutral ligbiltties than has ever governed the practice of the United States govern- Bent shovld pow be adopted by It as agaiwst Great Her Majesty’s government, was “ever, in any manner or As for the Georgia, the positively disavows baving possessed any knowledge whatever avout her before 1563, by which time she had lett the Clyde several days, and was taking 1m her armament off an aggression so entirely unwarrantable in 1ts nature as that to which the government of Great Britam has been subjected by the attempt or the Americans to seize San Juan. The excellence of our claim to the tsland cannot fully be understood with- out reference to the negotiations which preceded the Treaty of 1842, settied on benailf of tnts country by Lord Ashburton. Exactly asthe Maine bound- ary dispute grew out of the ambhigaities in the ‘Treaty of 1789 so did the San Juan dispute arise from the imperfect definition of the northwestern boundary by the Treaty of 1842, When Lord Ashburton’s treaty was signed the hydrog- raphy of the channel separating Van- | couver’s Island irom the mainiand of America was imperfecily kuown. From the wording ot the treaty ic might be. sup- posed that the negotiators were under the impres- sion that an open water lay between the mata land aod Vancouver. The boundary was appointed to pi diame sd aloug the middie of the channel, separating ancouver’s islandgrom the main jand; but nothing was said of the minor islands by which that chan- nel is studded. San Juan isthe most important of Unese, and the question is whether the boundary is to be traced east or west of it. Roughly, the American _contention 1s as follows:—The general northwestern boundary is the parallel of forty-nine degrees north latitude But when this was agreed on Engiand insisted that it should not cnt Off from her possessions the southern end of Vancouver's Isiand, which it crosses. The Americans contend that. this being the only object with which the line was deflected, it 1s untair to say that it shall be held to give Great Britain any mis- cellaneous islands to the southward of the forty. ninth parallel. But the factis this, San Juan is as much @ dependancy of Vancouver's Island as the Isle of Wight 1s a dependancy of England. | Its possession makes it, im @ military view, ihe key of ihe only passage which leads to the capital of Van- couver’s Isiand. In an enemy’s hands it would seal up that capital. Our claim, by reference to ihe liveral wording of the treaty of 1842, is equatly strong. The boundary, as we say, 1s a inted to proceed along the channel separating Vancouver's Jstand from the main aod, The only channel navi- gated at the time tile treaty was made—the only channel, it has been contended, which was known to exist at that time—was the channel which would give San Juan to sngland, To quote the evidence on these points would involve usin @ long treatise on the ques- tion, and, passing over them, we will mereiy direct the attention of people who care to study them to @ comsideration which shouid not be over- looked, The acoption of the forty-ninth paraliel in 1842 ag the boundary Was in itself a hb conces- sion from this country to America, "Gor moral rignt at that time to the greater part of tne country whichis uow Washington Territory was irresistibie, and the Americans only optained it by means of the policy which has always governed their dipiomacy with this country—by makiug enor- mous claims in defiance of justice and common sense, 80 that at last, when the ume sor compromise arrived, they Were sure to be on the safe side, The rights of the British government toy the Columbia River will be seen by any one who studies the record of Lord Asnburton’s fray eataniiannd negotiations to have been countries she does not like to see Kussia and America in friendsmp. And it was only an English interest that could have caused an American Minister to exaggerate the significance of a mis- understanding with our Ambassador. Engiand would, of course, be very anxious to see our friendly relations spoiled for nothing. But, nappily Awericans understand just as well thetr luteresis sador and the United States Minister has been met, both im Russia and America, with an utter iuduier- ence on the part of public opinion.’’ ‘The Gazette quotes then a letter of the New York Sun's Washington correspondent, in which Mr. Fis 18 accused of Keeping spices at lis se:vice, and in which Soi cen are mace that Engitsh goid might not have been quite a stranger to the affair, about to be settled, It must be added that this article was printed just despatch was issued. If the Moscow zee had had @ little patience it not bave fallen into the awkward explanation concerning the publication of the correspondence on this subject; for if in America diplomatic docu- ments are not always published they are never pub- lished in Russia unless Prince Gortschakotl has a special wish to show his claws. And as he has pub- hshed bis last note to Mr: Ourtin a8 soon as it was written, 1t must be concluded that on this occasion he had @ wish of this description. Gas PIO NONO AND BiSHOP DUPANLOUP, His Holiness’ C Dupanioup Regarding His Retirement from the French Academy. DEARLY BELOVED SoN—Greeting and ‘apostolic benediction. it 1s a consolation, amid the dis asters of the faith and the shipwreck of Christian consciences, to ve- hold acts which are inspired by @ true and disinter- ested zeai for religion. He who considers and weighs how much it behooves to break witn impiety and to fy from atheism does not at all fear the vain censufe of the worid, but follows fervently the voice of his Christian consclence. {t is thus tnat you have asted, my dearly beloved son, and we do not hesitate to convey to you the expression of our satisfaction, You have been elected by a society which nas not been ashamed to admit alter you @ soul corrupted with perverted aocirines, one of those men of whom Si. Matthew said, “rhey do not see the aarkness of vheir conscienc and they beat the pride of their shame. You have not thought fit to keep Ca place in that society, and the act of resignation and humility with whica you have refused to compromise with iniquity has filed with pure joy the hearts of the Catholics. The scandal has’ been denounced by & and you have disowned the votes of your col- leagues a8 soon as you have seen that they promiscuously —_ confer théeh upon men filied with the light of the Chareh, a8 well as upon those who are infected by the most detestabie errors of this century, We not only ad- dress our congratulations for uiis glorious decision, but we requesé you to neglect no opportunity to separate yourself openly irom the impious and the evil-minded, wherever vou sould be exposed to thelr contact—in every assembly where the Word of Christ cannot be exclusive heard and revered. It is by these pious manifestations, by this devouon to the faith, that the evils under which the Church suilers will be completely repaired, Thus will the Catholic truth take full ion of its rights, and against it the gates of heli will not prevail. We desire, my dearly beloved son, that our xpostolic benediction may accompany you, as well as ail enough, things will never come to that, for tne | as We understand ours, and the best proof of it is thatthe whole of this quarrel between our Ambas- | puffed up just at the time the Alabama clauns were on the eve of the day when Prince Gortschakotl’s | would | | which none in the world are better equipped or managed, Remote sections of the city are casily, quickly and cheaply reached. Diiferent classes of society are brought into communion as they were never betore, aud they have learned that no disad- | Vautage or injury accrues tromit, Brazilian women who tormerly—even within a year or two—rarely went mio the streets, and never in any instance | without the company of lather, husband or brother, now travel in the street cars unaccompanied, aud the custom 18 notaviy Increasing; and henve trade improves, and, especiaily on the lines of the street railways, the streets are illiug up With better classes | of stores and better cla-ses of residences are ConUn- ually increasing in tue subarbs. FACTS FOR NEW YORK CAR SUPERINTENDENTS. The paving and condiuon of all (he strecis is in a very marked degree unproving, And all incse im- provements and coanges lead to others, a5 impor- lanit—peraps more—tnough 1es3 noticeabie, and the ramifications of benellc cannoi entirely pe traced. Notwithstanding this great boon to the } people and the benellts which accrue from {1 the offic in governmental postions, gue, | vious and jeaious of the pecuniary gain whict” the projectors and managers of these eaerprises , Tecetve, are continually putting in the way onstacies | the smooth periormance Oi the Work, and delibes ely break the coutracts which the goverymeat ‘hus made with these enterprising Americans, and inasmuch as the contracts were made directly with the general government it may become uitimately a ‘ serious internationai question how those Americans Who have made the contracts in good faith with the Brazilian governmeut are co obtain justice, CHICAGO RELI Last month the Hon, James R. Partridge, the American Minister, cuiled & meeting of Aldericans resident in this city at tne rooms of tne United States Consulate, to take into cousideration ihe sup- ject of raising Lunds tor the relief of the suifering caused by the Chicago conflagration. The detaied news had only reacued us by the Americao sieamer two days previousiy. Mr. Partridge was appointed chairman of the meeting, aud Colonel R. C. Shan- non, Secretary of the United states Legation, wag appointed secretary. The following Americans were | apoeointed # Committee on Contributions:—Robert Cuntoa Wright, Henry KE. Millord, G anviile Wright, Oharles B. ureenough, James P. Carleton, | F. mi. Corderio, Aimcrican Vice Consul, and samuel T. Browne, Paymnuscer Unwed Staies Navy. in turee days nearly eight thousand doilars in gold was subscribed aud remitted by the American steamer which brought us the details, Foreigners and Brazilians liverady contributed. At ine same time was sent nearly one thousand dollars in goid from the American irigule ana flagship Lancaster, | the contribution o: tae Admiral, officers and crew. STEAM COMMUNICA\ION WITH NOKIH AME ‘The new steamer Erie, of the United States and Brazil Mail Steamsiip line, came mto We Larvor on the 19th inst., @ few hours alter the South America, the regular mai! steamer, I understand that im | accordance with an announcement at nome the Ontario, the sister ship to the Erie, is to iollow. The Erie excited the attention of all who saw per pass up the harbor. THE FLAG OF THR UNION Navy. are without tae presence of any al vessel. It certamiy is in- comprehensivic to the ue ere, and {ua @nd reasonably occasions — disappoiut- ment, that with so many men-of«var afloat aud with sv large @ squadron in uropean ters and the North Atlantic, that ouly one vessel an be spared to attend to ibe Foutn American coast, 1rom Para to Vape Horn, and aisv tie south eust coast of Africa. ‘The condition of ailairs Montevideo, iu the Uraguayan repubiic, necessitaves fe continual presence of one or more elliclout ves there, and the smull vessel Wasp 'y doing good service on the Rio la Pinta, There is, then, ouly one other vessel to visit the ports of Brazil, the ruikland Islauds and the Cape of Good Hope, Tuere is nv other station with such an exiended coast line; there ts no other station where the rresence of three a vessels Of war bk more needed, and it 18 only a matter Of simple propriety and equal and just distribution that.toe American naval squadron these waters should be specdily and > E those wao figat the good faith and compat courage- | materially augmented. Until within afew uays tive ously by your ‘example Jor the cause of the faith, Englisa vessels o( war, two. ny neta aT St, Perer’s, the 2d of Januar, 2 , One nc! Oo Rosstau anu Twouty'nixth year of uur Pontdeate, ; German, aud not one United tates auip, he