The New York Herald Newspaper, December 11, 1871, Page 4

a RS, ANOROT marks, explaining the change in the programme, he introduced Ira B, Davis, one of tne chiets of the Internationals and prime mover in the endeavor to establisy the Dew democracy, Tis gentleman, who wore @ red ribbon covered with crane, im his buttonhole, arose and in bitter terms denounced the Police Commis- sioners fer stoppmg the funeral procession in honor of the late executed Communists of Paris, He related the arrest tuat afteraoon of stx of tne Internationals with their banner that had aot been unrolled, but wou'd have been ste exenen meet- been for this Iie! aaa eet ec ounced. the. police oMcinls as sjeeches" and thought che boots they were trying on were a Lttle tou large, and said Justice should 0 doue yet. mf of the andience proposed that @ com- Bhree ehonia be appointed to sce to the release of the prisoners. If the reease was not grante. he thought that they sh nid he made comfortavie. ‘Another memoer vored the prisoners should be taken tothe New York Hotel and occupy the same rooms that were formerly occupied by ex-Comp- er Connolly. att Ward propose? that money should be taken to furnish the pr.sovers with the necessities of life, ‘and that the money taken should be given to five ladies to purchase the need ul dinner, Acommitiee o: five were selecced to watt upon Juage Lowhng This commttee retarnes before the meeting ad- journed and state) that they nad been unable to fad Judge Downy They had aiso songht for Judge Cox, pat hal een eqnaily unsuccessful, Mr. De Houcn* read the article on “L'Inter. nationale” in yesterviay’s HERAL He praised it very highly, and said that he and some of his friends bad had to pay ten cents each for copies of the paper, so great had been the demand during the day. Three cheers were then given for the HERALD. The following resolut yposed by Mr. Wolle, were unanimou-ly sdomed Resolve i, That thr interverence of the Police Commis- sioners with the ion of tn» Thiernationals on Decem- ver 10, which pr was intended a& an expression of sorrow for the de sympathy with the lying Interna- Uonuls of Fra tion of individual rights, ot th nity, of the spirit and thtent of to the civilization of the age. est of peaceable eltizens guilty of no ly exercised by despots, and shows ns that liberty and justice may expret no quarter from those who prostitute the powers of gov -rament to private purposes, At the close of the meetinz $21 was collected for tho prisoners m )ati for comforts during their incar- eeration. The La nyette Guards. To THE EDITOR OF THE AFRALD:— In the columns oF your estimabie paper of the 9th inst. we read that the Independent Battalion of Lafayette Guards has been invite to assist at the procession of the International Soctety. We have, in {, beeN Invited, but as the regu. lations of ‘our society forvia us to mix in mass among the political questions, we have been obliged to decline this invitation. The members of the committee : ATE. HUCHES, H. VICAIKE MARTIAL, E. LAGARDE. DsceMBgr 10, 1871. WIATIS {HE IVTERNATIONAL2 A, BELLANDO, Emilio Castelar’s Defence of It in the Spanish Cortes, ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE SOCIETY. The Advent of the People and the Work- ing Classes to Public Life. THE REPUBLIC INEVITABLE. A Glance at the Congresses of Geneva, Berne, the Gobernacion, “Tt isan immoral society!" An immoral society, eh? If so, where are the Spanish tribunals? Of what use are tae fiscais? The In- ternational coexisted with the Revoiution of Sep- tember, Tt has three years ot life; it required com- mitiees, and 1t has fuunded them; it summoned pub- lic meetings, aud it Das heid thei; it has convened cougresses, afd they Rave asacmbied; it has needed pewspapers, and tt has established them, and they pubiish to this hour, Once in tais city, carried away by 1ts cosmopolitan tdeas, when our citizens were igre ky | the civic and patrivtic Feta ot the Dos de Mays, realized in @ certaia cafe » maaicstation against the rivalries of peoples, Some wished to proscribe tt then by Vio- lent means, but tn tts favor and that of the laws of right there arose im tus Congress and in the Senate eloyucat yorces, The next Sunday it put forth a haudoill advel Mt had not eu ticient liberty fur the meetings, e authoriuies assured Mt, in re. ly, that it had al the ample liberty con- tamed in our laws. Sluve then it nag. tsyued 18 Mani estoes; it has Invited public attention: tt has debated with eloquent representatives of the na- tion. 1 ask you, are there uo uribuoals in spain? Is it to be presumed they Would havé con- sented to any society deciaring they were about to com and circulate {alse money? But this associauion has lived, a and written under ¢ie very shadow o. the Constitution— & proot that 1:3 existence was not contrary to the judgment of the triounals, What we are now de- baung 1s FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND 07 ASSOCIATION. Well, these we will aetend at all cost, Notwith- sanding tne absurdity that this society, if tlucit, has been exercising all its rights three years, with- out the trivunals intervening, the Minister of the Goberuacion, to whoin everything serves ag aL excuse, has indicated that ne is about to present a law to diasoive it. In what case can he present such a law? Solely in the cuse that ns internanonal compromises the security ol the State, out im no other, VOuS THE INVERNATIONAL MENACE THR. SECURITY OF THE STALE? Where are its rebellions, itstasarrections? Where is its pellicose aud revolutionary attitude? rere we have in is Chamber two extreme pariies—the avsolutist and ropuplican. Both of these, under provocation or not, have raised the banuer of tnaur- rection and revolution. The Carlists Nave risen 10 arhis im the Vascougada provinces, Tne republi- Cuns Lave ougat in Cadiz, lv Mataga, in Barcelona aud in caragos., and have sustained @ neroic siege in Valencia, ‘These two parties menaced the seca- rity o1 We State iwuch more than the Loternat.omal does. Why did not tie Ministry propose @ 1847 to dissolve theu: When they rebeiled against the gav- ernmeut? Because they were stroag. Why do they now propose it against @ new-born society? Be- cause itis weak. It ts of poor and humbie laborers. Let us nor consent to this. Ah, gentlemen, this soctety, to day weak and feeble, will become in really menaciag and terrible if it measures its lorces, Whatever Ticy May be, with the forces of yonder governine.t «mcognito, (Laughter, as Cas- telar’s flager poluted to the baaco azal.) * * * Gentlemen, 10 Connection with these PRINGIPLES OF INDIVWUAL RIGATS let me refer to the conduct of one of tho parties of Opposiuos—tne Bourbouie, It there could possibly be auytitag dangerous to the revolution of Septem- ver 1 would be tue putting fortn of the advocacy of a dynasty whica already had strong coois iu the Navits und customs of the Spanish people, whicn counted on ancival support in tae puble adunnis- tration aud ta (he two armies of the State—tuc mil- lary and tbe Clergy. Novwitustandiag this the Al- fonso purty uave availed themselves of the very In- dividuai rignis which they repudiated and co:;nbatted to raise tueir banuer, ney huve said (ueen Isa. bella or her son was the legithinate sovereizo. ) ‘uey have scarted newspapers to advocate their cause; they have — castmoes, — pabiic Meetlugs; they go and como without muoles- tation; wey uold their councils abroad, and novody ceusures or Condens them. Yet, wuen they enjoy all this—thauks to the liberty we have given them — When they eujoy all these privueges, which we never eijoyed under their rule, they come here, tne ingrater, as Seior Jove y Hevia bas done, to con- trol the very individual rights which are their only security in thei misiortune and their ony title to legitimacy of existence. bd = = . THE ATTITUDE OF THE TRADITIONALIST PARTY, Ge.ittemen, | am still more surprised at the atti- tude of the traditionalist party in this question. Either 1 understand them ill, or Tam right in saying they are more religious than politic, and they piace Catholicism before the monarchy, the Pope avove all kings, and the authority of the Church in tne — social sphere as the first uf alt divine and human au:norittes, Apes Ol assent in the Garlist benches.) Lum giad am cot tmistaken. The Churca had at one time tne mral avd poittical dominion, if not over the world, Bl any rate over civilized ‘surope. How did she preserve (us duinination’ BY means Of the religious orders. What were the religions orders which especially saved tue Church? From the Crusades to Lausanne and Brussels, THE DEMOCRACY OF EUROPE. Questions of Family and Morality, Law and Property. MaDRID, Nov. 16, 1871, The Spanish Vongress has for nearly five weeks | been ciscussing te question of the futernauonal and { 18 sli engaged upouit. An Alfonso Deputy named Jove y Hevia began the debate by making a long | epeech against the Society, trying to prove its flle- gality, Lurorality and dangerousness. He concluded by asking the government to “put it down.” The Minister of the Gobernacton, Sefor Candeau, made a terribly long spee:h in reply, ending by saying the gwovernrient believed it outside of the coustt tution, and iatended to put it down, Therenpon Fernan- do Garrido spoke eight hours in defence of the In- ternational, After unis a committee moved the sat- isfaction of the Iouse at the Minister's declarations, This began the tag of war. It nas assumed the shape of a vote of confidence in the Malcampo Min- istry, As the republicans and the Zorilla party have no confidence in that Ministry, the best orators of | all partics have spoken or are yet to speak, Tie vote will aecide the tate, not of the Internavonal, bur of tue government. EMILIO CASTELAR’S GREAT SPRECH. ve i if * exoolience of Uns pient—te problem of allying order erty. Jn tuis ali Europe gazes upon us, Vid Tsay Europe? Let me say, ine whole world of civilization is lookimg at us, Tuis 18 anoimer reason for my perplexity, For this I desire to eschew every strong and personal attack. I desire hot Lo Lo Game your passions oF to disvur your minds, out rather ihat we should all remain Within the sereve region of principle. Gentlemen, xreat Was iny astouishment wheu the Minister of the Governacion yesterday, addressing tu Us an ar- gumeat ad torvorem, Buid:—“ ile Who calls me reac- onary is a calumniator.” 1 call Mim reactionary, aud I, who say his oriiu is reactionary, lus policy 18 | reactionary, bis sentiuients are veacuonary and hts | altitude Tespecting tie Iniernational Teacuion- ary, have my Neartso hardened aud my conscience 80 dried up thal neirber here (poimung to his heart) «io 1. KOF here (pornting to tls head) any re * Spanish policy had at last solved the problem only reserved to the most en- lightened peoples of tue cartu—to Englind, to the Chited States aud to tie Swiss Conledération— | namely, the ailying of order with liberty. Yet when tuat goverumenut presenied Itself iere io subUUt TO Us 1s Contiuct and to discuss Its polley— without heartog it, ust as you would do to eucmies of the constitution and uf the country, in a series of confabulatious which. i tiey were lewal, were also the confabulations of is43 and 185d, ing obscure, like calling yourselves progressisis alter obtall ower in your own lanils alone, the first time at hirty years of proscripuou and’ of impotence, y overthrow that liberal ,overnment whica also called itself progressist. Surely the world will say of tue ancient progressist party that it has no instinct of {-preservation; tat those who form it are, as the Chinese appear to be 1p Cuba, a suicidal race. I, xeutiemen, Was ihe autuor of the phrase referred to—“Lenevolent attiiude toward a radical govern- ment” laccept the responsibility of it before tie Cortes and the nation. Lask and demand from tie most arduous and ea uusiasiic portion of my pariy, who, measuring the generous patience of te people by their Own generous impatience, believe they cau Chgeuder with one word a revolution, and with @ revolution can chauge the inertness of human society, that they will remeinber SOCIETY ONIY MARCHES FORWARD when, In addition to the impulse of many and oft repeated efforts, it receives the steam of jmany and very powerful ideas. I am about, gentiemen, to reveal to you the bottom of my heart and cou sclence—the whole secret of my politics. I believe ‘hat which bas conquered the ancient Powers, Wansformed the present generations, broken the Cusarism which was the keystone of European re- acto! Yaa Aich Soes ee oe ee ie Pove, Which Was as the jast shadow of the Middle Ages in our Lorizou* witch bas dissolved the ancient Aus- ria the nucleus of the Holy Alliance of mon. archs, and which is every day more lively and more jivin, he ideal of youthful America before the ey of tue peoples—that which nothing can iimpede—notning, however strong | it may appear—the proximate advent of ali Kurope to the idea and the social jormula we paut for—the proximate advent of federation and of the republic, (Orles of “NO, BO,” mingled with cheers from the left.) The question 18 one of time opty. Time will show whether my alirmaiion or your denial is right, Faito tu the progress of humanity and ® continuous stady of history inspire wituin me an unalieral'e confidence in the proximate tu\- diment of my assertion. HOW TO ARKIVE AT THE REPUBLIC. There are two i oads of arriving at the repubite the road of legality and the road of revoluw iy the road of legality tue republic will come Jater, but tt will come beuer fer those who place the interests of the Country aveve every personal consideration. ky (he road of revulutiou—Wahich necessarily opens up @ policy Of Dindness—Ue repuviic Will come quicker, bul It Wi come worse, lor it will come jose velind one of those crises of vigience which break up society (or a iong time, WHAT Ls TUK .NTRRNATIONAL? Having made the-e ceciarations, 1et me enter | beatific vision w tue Jourteenth century the Lemp.ars; trom the six- ee ceniury lo our times the Jesuits, Necussary ‘as It to iouud the authority of those kings woom au eloquent voice cailed crowned vipers ‘lu do this it Was necessary to form the civil power; to form the civii power it Was necessary to uestroy the theocratic power, How did they do ity They begun by combatting the Monastic orders, In ine aiuddie Ages the Jesuits did not exist, Bat THE TEMPLARS existed, and they were catumuiated as the Interna- tioual Dow 15. “Lhey were persecuted—they were dragged Ww juris uction—they were despuiiel of Unur properiy—tuey were demied legal lie, and then, as those times were more baruarous than ours, tney were carried to the scaffold, And when peragcuted by tne inplacable ire o: the jurisconsuits Who Muiuated tne emancipation of the tatellect, ac- cused by the furg Of the Kings, who feit the abso- Jausm Of their” authority woanded, the Koga Templars—the wandering Knignis of Reilgion were burned 1a tke fames, and the shouts of tae mulul- tade! What (he ciames really devoured was the po- iitical power of KKome, which was crushed and crumbicd amit those ashes, The final result of this civil moveweut—the substitution of the Right Romano tor the Right Canonico, the predominance of the Kings over the Popes, the captive voputicate 1n Avignon, the schisms which reat the Churca, the Councils whiten prepared the aporuve triumph of reiizious democracy—the resutt of this social move Meut, a4 logical as the theories and corrodaries 0: @ Diatiemaucal problem, and as the rigorous series of ideas in science—was Lhe advent ol the Reformation. Imme:uately tae Caurch found tm tne ideas of au- tiorty, in the heart of its mysticism, in tne com. balive character of the Spanish race, woo had Jougnt tue Muors 70C years and were re: to fight the Lutheraus 3#0—)ne order, which robved tae nation of its OWn conscience and its Own will— Which, with supernatural abnegation, crusned the soul and the responsibility of man to oppose to It like @ machine, like aa army of singular discipline, the action of tae new Unrisiianity, of the new erta aud sclences, and of the new politics, until there was produced one of those reactions, tremendous aud uni whivii If they have not stifed have stayed the huorgp spit in ita progressive growth, But this order, TUE JESUITS, . had one powerfil enemy—vis., the philosophers, representatives of modern knowleage. And as suc- ceeded Wilh the stocs Of ancient Rome, these suc- ceeded With the philosophers of modern Lurope— they became converted fromm a scientude sect into @ poiltical seul, and by the end of the last century (hey had won over the monarcus, and when ticy Nad wou Over the monarclis they Impued into them their hacred of the Jesuits. And te philoso- phers commanded with Choisseul in France, with Yourba: in Lusitania, with Aranda in Spain, wiih | Jose secund in) Austria, with — Leo- poia in ‘Tuseaay, and philosophy at last—oh, sarcasm '!—mounted up to the icy tiara of the Popes! Inoue morning, eternally celebrated, the Alcaides of the House avd Court of your King and | Lord Cavtos ii, presented themselves at Lie doors Oi the convents, tauinaling vo the Jesuits that they Must lake up thetr breviaries and follow them, and tne Jesuits were conducted to the seaside, em- barked, proscribed, cursed, calumniated, and, as ho peopie, no government, not even the Pope im. self wished to receive chemi In thelr domintons, they were a long (tme—as if the very earth rejected’ them from its bosum—at tie mercy of the winds and tne waves—they who had dominated the whole earth with their powerlul organization. And THR REACTION against the monastic orders has now been carried 50 Jar that even the mystical souls—those suuls which, like fire, rise from earth to heaven—those sows which, as the clouds of incense are dissipated i the regious of the jufinite, separate themselves Irom the World, and even trom nature—ao not find—ah! in the iidst of all the factories consecrated to industry; of all the ciinery consecrated to labor; of all Boisu’s where imterest 18 contracted; of all the Parliaiuents where politics are discussed—in the Midst of s0 much positivism—they do not find one Of those monastertes, one of those moral islets where to comiuuicate at the foot of the aitar, by the contemplation of the dead and the prayers of the living, Sncicipating thus In their ecstacies the hich has to place them, when their bodies are freed trom the bonds of matter, in the plenitude of bappiness aad of infinite love, w sa Uate the thirst of the heart, and of absolute truta to satinly the desires of subiiiae intelligence. (Wheers). EX\KRMINATION, You bave spoken of exterminating economic asso- clavobs—assoclations of tendencies wich, If erro- heous, are at any race humanitarian—you, the Car- lists, Wo vau only recover your ancient influence by oue way, by the re-establishment of the religious assoctitions, perml. me to deplore your impre- Vision On this point, Aud more—you with great cloguence, but imprudentiy—tue: ideas Of the International must pot ve discussed; (hey must ve exterminated, Tnis is what was said in 1836 of the monks of Madrid and Barcelona! What? Is not the international a collection of bel free, respousinle, human? Do Mot, at any rate, thelr priucipies merit examination and not ex- termination’ Ah | Messrs. Deputies traditionaiistic, tie exterminating angels dop’t come dowao noWa- Gays! ® ad ® CASTELAR 18 NOT OF THE INTERNATIONAL, lam not an Internationalist. 1 do not participate in the principles of the internauouai. Ou the con- trary | combat 1 because it has combated me, You Liust know that 8 Spanish organ, La Lnancipacion, has said these words:—"Ihe laboring classes are Very enthusiastic for tne republic, and much on it, Ty ts! asthece happens im digamorus: Wilt ouly serve W augment the pr muddle Classes!" * * MODERN REVOLUTIONS. This question, gentiemen, is enlaced with all human questions. Modern revolution i8 ony and alone, witnough i has different aspects, and tuey fre enrolled 10 @ long seriva, Jt all commenced in the moment ta which the civilize world wished to desirvoy the ancient poliucal form— that is, the theoora and te = ancient social barrier—that is, leudalism, Consequently g ‘here will happea to tuem cl yu—te republic jominance ol ue cescluvely into (his grave aud transcendental debate. ‘Whats (ue luleruatioual’’ says the dinister of modero revolution commenced in the jatter third of the Middie Ages, ‘The serf who had left his chains on the rocks of the municipal aspired to grow socially, ag the vegetable aspires to grow naturally whose root has struck the so and whos sprout has kissed the fe The first element trans.ormed was, though it appears impossihie, the most material and the most gross— the nianet itself, The earth, which to the eyes of theology, was like the stone of a xepulchre, broke its roof'of glass, the pneumatic machine under which it lay, and became converted into a globe Tadiant with lignot, and sailed on, accompanied with its satellites, in continuous and harmonious move- ment through the etner of ininity, ‘fhe ancient forms of the hierarchy of reiigious art were dis- pelied, and the renaissance reconciled man with nati ud returned to the divine, like as in ancient Greece, the beauteous human form A religious and popular movement reconquered for mankind the Ownership of tne consclence, and when this relitious Movement had obtatued 1ts international triumph | i Peace b the of Westphalia there commenced the philogopiuc movement of giving ideas to reason and of promulgating the untversai codes of society and of its politics. Ani woen, thanks to the great French writers of the past centary, the aust ideas of philosophy cume to be @ patrimony by the eloquence. the satire and the linmortal wouder of the Encyclopedia, they pasa:d to be the »atr mony 01 the common sense Of the people, and there was realized a moral revulutton in the appeal political revolution sprung into belnz—that politi revolution to which we, citdrea of 80 maay cen- turies, heirs of so many 1.0ors, are now adhered, carrying it almost to its ultumate and most bene- ficial consequences, But we must not mistake. No term oi the problem Will be wanting, no idea of the gran4 series will fai! ‘0 be fulfilled. Tae world does Hot become i1mmuvable, H0 not 1a political revolu- tion. No, fhere 1s a machine which nas rendered useless tue brute force of man— THE DAILY PRESS— which has destroyed the imequality of the inteilt- ences; there 18 universal suifraze, which has done away with the inequality of political condittons; there are individual rizhts, whicn have converted al men into citizens eqnaily free; and these totugs make of this present nistoric portod the period of the apparition of the 1ourth estate or tue people. after long evolutions of gevlogic periods, the eart becaine reualy to receive the visit of man, and there came over it the Magnotic rain of the human spirit, go suctety hag now attained @ positio. in Which 1b cannot live otherwise than tn perpetual cominunion with modern democracies! (Cries of ‘uooa.” “Good ”' and great ap)lause.) Hence the reason of tae inevitable exisience of the social proviem and Of the social schools. Yes. gentlemen, 11 everything this aphorism is displayed. The ad ent of the peepie cannot be complete, cannot attain its maturivy, if political refurms are not accompanied by social and economic reforms. Tas 13 true, though many have erred much on this point error supposes thought, and thought supposes tateliectual labor, which 13 ever fecund. Would the grand Socratic hilosophy have come up if the sopbists, decompos- Ing all teas with their jozic, nad not prepared the moment to reler all to the coascience? Well, in tue game way the social proviein hay to be resolved by the work of thought, although 1 may produce a mul- titude of errors. Srror, which procesds from th» multitude of thoughts, from the multitude of Schools, 18 & sure Sigua Of & grand social parturition, asgreat and biter patus arc @ sure sign Of & physcial parcarition. ‘thus our age ts THE AGE OF THE SOCIAL SCHOOLS, Note that as these scnoo.s become developed, and have arrived ac our tie they have been stripped of | Utopla aud become converted into schvols much more in harmony with pvittical really, and with much more fxedness in the respect due to we eternal ba-es of society. Socialism was in its be- theology, waicn trusied in tne Messiatt and tne organiza. @ new Pontiicate. Svcialism was aflerwards @ grand cosmogony, wulcnh, not content with transforming society, also wished to reinstate man in uli the magico ihe Oo” @ new cosmos. Later on socialism was & new sincretismo, Whose principal object was to transfer the responsibility of our iauits and our vices trom the soul and the conscteave to the suoulders of per- verted society. And, fluaily, socialism, how more practical, 13 reduced 10 # po'itica: economy, alunough Of principles contrary to those of traditional economy, giving Ww the otate attributes the State cannot accept without grave detriment vo liverty @nd to right. THR PRDERAL REPUBLIC. But at this critical moment tnere appeared an extraordinary maa, whvse induence will be iinml- nent in many centuries, He served tue sucial Schools, and tho sucial schools came to consider him 4s the apocalyptic visions considered the genius Of darkness aid evil. itis man, engendered 0. a [Adie famuy, bora and batned in the sweat of labor, grew Uy ald Was educated in the Jatigaes and tue auguisies misery intlicts on the lowest ciasses of society, whose only provo- sivion sees be to repeat itself with such withering eloquence, logic 1mpiacad e, whose lorce has in tt sometning of the blind iorce of pature, sume- tHiug of the aurricuae and the vartnguace—ne ve- cume & Murvelious artist of speech. In spite of hav- bo Hage dike Kousseau, late, very iate, the revelation of his genius, now he rises w tue majesty of Bos- suet, NOW descends to the howlings of Bavoei, now laughs with the sarcastic lauzh of Montaizae, now Meils With tue feminine sensiuvencss of berourdino de Saint Pierre, now springs into the manly apos- trophes of Vicior Hi now whispers in tie geutle and sweet Poesy of Lamartine. it seems asif pe possessed the note oi ali styles, to repeat betier ine echo o1 all griefs. into aLtiueoR Of CoO.lempuraneous hisiory, Wnere are heaped up all ideas, with the same hor. ror as the ancient Christians feit wuen tuey ente -ed into tue Laan rantheon, where were heaped up all the idols, and, veueviug himself to be a universal Juez, arbiter of modern conscience, he seized upon ail the systems and placed them in his «books; he crumviead them all to Dieces in his Vast examinativa; he smashed them Under nis Herculean club; for ‘ne is the gemius of social criticism, as Kant Was the gen us of scien- mitic criticisin, He cursed all principies—vatno- licism as reactiouary, Protestantism as arisio- cratic, docirinarinism as immoral, sensualisin as SS idealism a3 Vague, metaphysics as ranscendental and theviogic, poutical economy as vulyar and invompicie, tae scuoois Ol demos down 80 many idois, so many housenoid gods re- spected in the idea oi the movement of Heraclitus, transformed by the extreme Heyelian Leit ito & Species ul river, without mouth or source, the ony ruin which really remained uuder tue soles of the feet of the great demolisuer was the ruin of tae ancient sociat schools; aud the only aitirmations Which furrowed bis brow aiter the tempeats ne raised were the iederal republic in politics and the dogma of liberty and human responsioiity in science! (Cheers,) ITS UNIVERSAL CHARACTER. This Lang! has a untversy! character, and at the saine time @ character pecultar vo each race and to each nationality. It 18 revuiationaty in France, me- taphysical iu Germany, and positivist ta Engiaad. ‘This general and individuat Character at oue time proves that the problem 13 not born of individual tendencies, but of incontestable exigencies of society iu our day. Look for instance at this phenomenoa, W hue tne French genius gives to the social proviem Qn authoritative, centralizing character, tue Itauan genius, personiued ia Ope of Wie greatest and mosy eloquent pubiicists o: tne age, from the midst or his exile and panishment, like tne ancient prophets by the bauks of Kirauze Waters, examines We same Problem and finds it coutradictory, uusoivanle, Tuil Oi the same aniunonies a8 uature aud metaphysics, He gets mystified over suciviy and the individual, over the t0-be aad the not-lo-be thougit and tae world, the subject of the ovject, Providence and liberty, tue useful anu tue good. In his eyes there 13 a Continuous movement ww life, The historic periods repeat these. ves wita Uniform. law, like the seasoas of the year. ‘Ine tribes pre- cede the cities, the poe. the heroes, the heroes tne prophets ana the prophets the redeemers, When by 80 many Workings Lue wor d appears lo be trans- formed the same pains are revorue, the sane pre- occupations commence, the same struggle goes on between free thou.bt and religion, betweea capital und labor, between property aud agrariaaisin—as if the earth was nothing more tuan a bloody toeatre Where @ monotonous tragedy is eternally repre- sented, repeating over aud over agaia the same scenes, and never arriving at ancnd. In ail these atirmations, which possess someting of tne sinis- ter desperation ot ulavelo, we see that the Italian of yesterday without country and withous home, carries no light to the soctai problem, but sheds upon it the shadows he derived trom te marble sepulchre of bis ataly. D LMOCRACY. While this happena in the Latin nations German genius elaborates its transcendental socialism. ‘Tne individualistic idea which the book “Ihe critic of Pure Reason and the Theory of Knowledge” carries to its uitimace extremes appears in the eyes of the new thinkers as an incomplete idea, The reconcilia- Uon of man with God, of spirit with nature, of s0- ciety with the individual, ox the Bible with science, appear to them incomplete also, if all classes are not joined togetner one exalted idea of justice and all peoples in one supreme ideal of humanity. According vo them sociely owes something more to man than political conditions—nameiy, economic conditions—tor without them he cannot realize his lie or attain to good, whion 1s his destiny. And the anti-tneological, or ratuer anti-religious, socieues which abound in Germany, having another cri- terion, irreconcilable with all metaphysical ideas, Lave the same feeling respecuing the social problems. They believe an economic and social regeneration of mankind 1s as necessary as a scientific regeneration, Perhups these ideas would have never passed out ot the serene region of science If there had not arisen, ag @ sentinel fallen irom heaven, the Revolu- ion of February. ‘The Germans rose ‘to its call. The most timid «pirita believed the redempuon was nigh. The peacetui universities became volcanic. ‘The Assembly of St. Paul, at Frankfort, appeared as & grand university of modern ideas, some kings fed, others abdicated. The Julian of philosophy and of revoluuion found in ther royal bed the vic- Ums timmolated by bis troops, in but one single moment the phlegmatic and dreamy Germany was jained over to the cause of aniversal democraey. ut the enchantment was transitory. It fell con- queret in Baden and Dresden, tn’ Vienna and in erin. The dispersion eummenced. Some of the democrats went to the United States, others to ae, ‘This moment ot the dispersion ot the German tles is enlaced With tle history of the Chrisuan idea, The most radical, toe most compromising, in the revolutionary proceeaings and in the solution of the social problem were those woo Went to France, and in France they continued their propaganda. ‘There one Wio has now most Influence over the jaboring classes of all Europe wrote, in refutation of tho “contradictions,” Walch Proudhuo called “rhe Philosophy of Misery,’ a book called “the Misery ot Phitosophy.? Only @ short time could the Ger- man proscripts reside in France. fhe tron hand of Honapartist reaction persecuted them in alt parts, From France they passed to Beigium, but the coup @eat ot the 2d of December ovliged whem to pass from Belgiuia to Buglagd; aud whea they iguud Gigantic snadow! who enterea ; NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, DECEMBER 11, 187.—TRIPLE SHEET. themselves in Engiand they saw a spectacle which Ought to have convinced them, and wich ought to convince also all public authorities, how fecund 1s hverty and how fitting t§ association for all grand social questions, THE ENGLISH AND GERMANS. Look, gentiemen, 100k at the dilatation of the new ides and the vew aspirations in ali parts. The Ger- Mans are in contemporaneous civilization what the Greeks were in the ancient civilization—the think- ers, the philosophers, the sages. ‘Tne English are what the Romans were—tae puiltical aad practical men. As practical men they had established a formula by meuns of which the laborer could be indevendeat of tae capitalist—namely, co-operation, Thanks to it, there exist even grand cities of work- Ingmen, formed into agsociauions of much wealth and of much political influence, ‘The associations ot Rochdale pave atiamed such prosperity and trength that they appear destined to afford example of how, by meaus of liberty, to attain to the complete independence oi the working classes. Meanwhile, an ilustrious German, invokiug the principic of reciprocity of services, uniting the laborers in associations, were each ono guaranteed tae credit of all, arrived at (ne creation of popular banks in Germany—a compii- Mont tu the factories created by the genias of the Engusb laborers. Then those d.spersed revolution- aries, who had bussed from Germany to France, aud from France to Belgium, aod from Belgium to England, wiih their minds decided to redeem the working’ classes, Sougut to carry their new econom!- cal discoveries to all Europe, and to unite in one rand, immense association all tue lavovers of ti Sonunent, Coeval witn this was a uveiy demon- ion that human industry 18 cosmopolitan—the 1 Pret Exuibition in London, Que deed is worth @ undred sermoas, ‘Ihere was R practical manjfest tuon of the resu.ts of internal tigatures; an thus commencod the association of waich we treat— the Interuational. Heace its germ, THE FOUNDER OF THE INTMUNATIONAL. But the name, the social formula it now bears bad another origin worthy o1 suudy. Resirict, pro- hibit tuought, profess the antiquated principle that error should 0e nay rem and you wil tad that tne formula of the lnternational was bora io tue conscieuce Of a people imute—serfs—the people of Russia. A certain eloquent Russtan, eminentiy re- volutionary, fed irom St, Petersvurg, bis country, ' to London, in search of liverty for his thougnt, He consecrated himself taere to the pubiivauon of @ newspaper desined to eu Kindle social revoluuon in Russia. he Emperor Nivhoias puntsued ts reaaing even ith death; out yet he saw it every where—in his palace, im nis gardea, in his box at the tueatre, on the chair in his chapel, with- oui being able to divine the mysterious manner iu Which the incendtary sheet came so con- stanuy to bis hand. In this newspaper tuere was regularly criticised the Russian Vourt, the nobility, the bureaucracic nierarchies, the Churca, with its ciergy Wille and its clergy Diack, And at the sane the organization of seriaom. But you are mis- tuken Uf you iuimk that newspaper confined itself solely to Kussian questions, At ireated of ull sucial questions and to # new and original manner, it said there Were three fund wimental races to-day 1n | Burope—the Latin, tne Gerimaa-Saxoa aud the Russo-Schavonic, The Latina race 18 & socialistic race. [t founded ail the great sucia mstituions, But it ts viso un authoritative race, ‘The Saxon race isa liberal race, but itis ais a seltisn race, great lovers of their owa fireside, of individual property, @ud cousequenly @ race tucapavie of risiug 0 be siucerely humanitarian. ‘ine race des- tned Ww selve the social problem, aud which had the greatest aptiiude for it, was the bclavonic race, udividualisue, liberal, like the Saxon Tace, 80 MluCca 80 Lat It bad nv notion of State, being su federalistic and social Laat in its muni pals tbere reaily existed wo other authority taan thy autuority OL everybouy, nor other property wan tae coliective properiy—the property of all and tor all ‘tous cue Sclavons gave the two graud formulas O1 the Juternauoual, to wit:— be stave reduced to purely adiniatsurative fauctious, the State noe poliicai, & ederation of muuictpals, and, as LO pros | perty, collective property—the Ownerstip of the | Tacd wud of ail tae iasiraimeats of lavor being in | the hands of the inhabitanis, or of those Whose Dames ure inscrived in tue municipals. Ou@ Man, Of enterpil-mg aud active genius— truly exiraordivary irom bis high capacliy— 83 propagandisia and orgauizer, managed to carry tue force of Dis yreut talent and great power of laaguage tom the middle Oi Siberia, Where he way Danisned tor former attempts at political revolution, and whence ne miraculously @scaped to the Scluvous, with whom he was united not vuly vy grunu cunnectiuus, but @lso by Lis race, Nis Dioud und his or.gin—that man Was & RusslaD, 8 SCiKVON alsd, AL Lins tue, WHE the seris vegan to understaud in brief cauons ther formula, taere Was ceic¢vrated tue first cunierence European democracy was ubie to ceieprate for many years—the 1atermauional Congress of Geneva, lu tual Longress Lue Sciavons preseuted their taree | fun.amental theses—tue ofate reduced to purely @dulustrauve luuchous, the municipal Coinmuast gad property coJective. ‘rue Eucupean democracy Was not willigg tu accept tuese three furmalas. Tae objectors tureatened a grand exvision, but tne matter wus referred to @ szcund Cungress—that of Berue, to be heid the next year, NATIONALITIES SYEAKING. In the Congress of Ucueva tues voted by indi- viduals. Lue irencu were 1a a majority, but the Sciuvons mauaged to arranze that we next Con- gress shouid vute vy natioualiues. When they Came to Vole by natiowallues tuere resulted a very Bilogular tiuing—naueiy, waat Li, lor example, there Were im the Cousgvess one hundred Germaas they Bhould unly haye Oue vores, While Mt Lnere was but one Spanurd he should pave one voie. ‘ue belavons tet sure that European democracy, met tugetuer in Berue, would adopt, im its secund’ Con- greas, (ueir pounical formula, with its collected Owners. Tne mode of vuting heing arranged { one nation, aud have vue vote apiece, i - cracy as innocent dreamers, Although he threw | ciudeu #viand, Wiich was vepresented by wu Ilus- | thus Russia disputed @ long tine with Ger maoy ior tue latter, tried to alter tne question of nativuulities, aad to reclaim as Miauy votes as wer cuulederation had king- dss. Tue Scluvon said Mt Germany was to be represenced by it3 ualuoualities he asked fourteen Voles fur Kussia, [Or Russia Naud swallowed up lour- teen nauo0ns. They ultimately agreed that Kussia and Germauy should be each Cousidered as represenung Kussia in tious mau, who las since died the death ofa Marty? in deieuding the tudependence of France, Russa, Kugiand aud We United states admitted Une idea Of Gullective oWuersiup. Ltaty, represented by @ Celebrated doc.or; France by an eiuineut philosopher, Sw itzeviand by one of tue most llustri- ous Men O1 the age, and Germany by a& multitude of its most distinguished men. pronounced against collective OWuersi.p dud the Sclavonic municipal, the tice nauons beg tuus opposed to Ute ihree oluer Datuous, I was the only Spaniard present. They sat to me, “Lou represent Spam. [ repiied with tne simecerity ali ever tad in me, “1 bring nO authoritauve representation. [have not cousul.ed with my pulitical Iriends, Spaia is now in the commencement ol @ revulucion and Cannot now occupy herself wita the question as to whether proprievorsulp snvud ve Cullecuve or individu Consequently | could not vote for want of authority.” ‘neu tuey said to me, ‘Almost all tae democrats as- seuiped here are in the same position, but all have been Wrivers or Deputies, ail are welt known tn their Tespective Da&tous, all Dave influence ia ther poltties, all nave an flusirious name—except me who have none—‘lauguter)-—all are listened to by their icllow citizens, aud Cousequentiy their represeutation 8 @ Collective represeniativa.”’ Then 1 vo.ed, and 1 decided mot in the maine of tue Spanisn uation nor of my political party, but in own name, and J resolved the question 1a favor of indivwtual propriciorsiup aad ugalust conecuve proprietorship. (Murmurs) What are you surpriseu? Perhaps soue of you wouid have vouell tie otner Way? (Cries of “Yes! yes! and “No tno.) “Then, genUcuea,”’ the sclavon said, “] shail never aga join & Congress of tne Euro- pean democracy, iL shail keep alovt, I shail wre apail, orgaulse Apaci, tuiueave apart.” (Laugh. ter, wNicu seemed vo annoy Castelar.) Those wuo think toese Cotags mnayuticaut don’t Know that this orgamzauon bas produced te International, that ‘Uits Orga@uization bas produced we grand move. ments of France, (Lauguteron the right) You laugh because you are incapadle of comprenending Ue inovement of ideas, (Loud applause on the 1eft; confusion om the right.) Geotlemen, from tal mo ment the Sclavons commenced to mfueace in the congresses Of Wie Inieruational. Tne latver, there- fore, ell under the Lutelage of thove who had sepa. rated themselves [rom tne democratic cungresses of Europe, waica was what | aitempte | to show, THE FIKST CONGRESS OF THR INTERNATIONAL, The [uternaticnal had celevrated various gresses prior .o the cougresses of the democrac The toteruationalists inet ior the fret time on we 4in of Sepveniver, 1666, in Geveva. That was the first congress of this society, which so much frigut- ens you. IT3 PIREOTLON 18 IN LONDON, and it holds {ts congresses periodically. Sefior dove y Hevia (the originator ot this debate) spoke eioquently of che society meeting im a tavern, but he did not know that 1t was not a common tavern or potnoure or wineshop, but a great public hall in tne city of Loadon. Shall Lt you what I heard therey A Worklugman rose and spoke in German, As he did #0 the chairman transiated his remarks instanuy into French. ‘Then there rose an Englishman aud he spoke im Eug- lish, The Cliairman instantly transiated what he said into French aso. Next came an lialian, and spoke in Iialian. The chairman did the same tor him—turned his words into French. (signs of surprise.) Shall I teli you what tat Chairman was? He was a working man—an Eng: lish weaver) (Applause.) Au! Seuur Jove y Levis, have you mest many men like that Weaver im Wwe Gilded palaces of our kings? (Applause.) WHAT DID THAT CONGRESS DRUIDE? Task the Minister of the Gobernacion to hear me, for it 19 interesting. We ought not to judge te International by the newspapers, for the press always Writes With passion. ‘Tie editors shut them- felves up im their offices, and then say what we don’t even venture to say here out of respect to the public. Whaty Can any one judge of the Spanish Congress by What 1s said in the Spauisu press? Are we not ail called apostates traitora and reseliados (renegades) and buhos (owls) and calamares ani cangrejos (both meaning. less terms of reproach)’ Do they not al Ways talk of biack spots (puntoy negros)? ‘To bring here scraps of the newspapers of the In- ternational, Mr, Minister of tie Gobernacton, Is a unworthy pnerility. it is not done by any states. mapim any parliament in the world, What you ought to study 18 tne composition of the legisiahon of Wwe Interaational, tts sovereign decisious—in fact, 14 tnudamental code, What you ougit to stady is the proclamations of 118 Congresses, for they are for he Iuternauonal what tie councils are tor the Catbolics, WHAT 18 THE FIRST THING THRY TREAT OF? sistance labor has against tho Weil, do you deny that the forces of suciely, like the mechanical forces of nature, are always in struggier Are you 80 puerile as nut co recoguize hit titer 13 A Col Unual struggle between ie interests of We Capttal ists apd (ue mterests of te jaborers? ln this has not the laborer 4 right to occupy self in the direction of his own interests? Tnen THR SECOND QUESTION the society = into the order of the day 1s “reduc- tion of the hours of labor.” ‘There are mea who work sixteen hours & day— Sedor GarRripo—tighteen, Eighteen hours a day, a8 you just heard. These ask w reduction to eightor ten. Have of you Visited the iactories and 40 Dot agree that Luis is & rational aspiration? Isu’t eighteeu hours a day borrio.e? Do you not see that that air ts unbreatk- able; (hat the noise of that machine blunts the senses, disjomts the nerves, and that tue untortuuates WhO have to work close toa sieam engine have their Nesh and their bones burned and their skin crun- led? I have never entered one of those great ace ‘orles in Alullhouse or in Manchester without having to rush out iuumediately aud without calling to mind our Southern rustics, Who, except in July and Au- gost, when the heat ts insuilerable, live under tue liuwaination of the sun, in au open air, perfumed Wiih the scent of tie orange and in tie midst of that nature which creates 4 perpetual teast of light and of colors, EDUCATION. Then, gentlemen, they treat of the education of children, and of tue necessity of pronibiting their belug put to labor, They are surety rigut there. The waut of education in the manaiacturing cies brutaiuzes the peoyie, and is the grest source oi the cutusirophes which Dow and then vreak out there, ‘Then tney treat of tue labor of the Woman, and they gay the exact Contrary to what the Minister of the Governacion has said. They say that the mothers ouxht not Lo be employed in the factories; vnat the factories prostitute tiem; that their employment there 1s the cause of physical degeneration in we anuiacturing cities, and that wien the mothers ave to abandun tueit ouildren the children are edu- cated in evil, without the care aud the atiention, the tight and the providence of the motuer. PERMANENS ARMIES, Then they treat of permaneat armies and of their influence cn produciion, and they object 1o them. Bul 1 say that, looking wt the social state of Europe, At 18 Decessary to admit the orgauization or the army adopied by Switzerland. DiRECT AND INDIRECT TAXES, Then they treat of direc. and indirect taxes, and they condemn the latier and say that all the peopics should Le red by the tributary sysiem of tic re- Pubic of Neuchatel, in Switzerland, waich has compieiely abolisied indirect contribuaons, RELIGIUUS IDEAS ON EDUCATION, Then they presented the great question of the in- Mucace oj reugivus ideas on euucation, Some spuke 1n one sense and some io another, What did the Congress ductier The Congress uecided to pass to Une vruer of the day Without resolving (uis question, agreeing to priut all the specches on it in the bultetin, with @ note that tney were tndividual opimions, estes Wuat 1 have related, there were no otuer princip-es treated of in THE FIRST CONJRESS of the International, And wien i and some of my friends wen! into the streets We found that the Geneva proprictors, Whou are very rich, and alinough very deuucratie ure all very arisiocralic, weil off Mm Uneir coaches without any fear that the society was going to Jail ou them, for Switzeriaua 13 stronger, mach stronger, on tie bases of her liverty and uer tuuividual rights, her republic and her fed- erauion, tian she is on the granite of tue Alps. (Great cheers.) 1N THE SECOND CONGRESS, IN 1867, they treated o; all the torimer questions, and of one more, wuich proved the humanity oi those laborers, ‘they saia, “if oue part of the iourta estare asso- ciaie, aud, by means ol the Loternational, make an @uvantageous Change in their economic reiations, wali they not create a Ailih cscate wiich may be more miserable than the fourth estate vow 18% So they weated even of the future of those who Mught ve ie.t benind im the midst of their own ad- Vaucement, aad they decided ut iavor of our solu- tlous—namely, tha liberty Wwoutd resolve ill, and that if vy tuner example Other associadons arose the Malinusians mizht say What they pleased; bul the production of nature and tue production of labor were both alike iOnite. No neea, thereiore, 0 lear auy greatinisery, hen, again, wie religious question was p:aated, but again tiey passed wo the oruer o/ the day, and decided nothing upon reigion iu the Congress of Losaua. THE THIRD CONGRESS Was in 1868, in Brussels. In it, besides many other questions, they treated of war, and tney unani- miousiy Condemned it as a horrible public calam- tly. They also treated of « quesuon which was of great invwrest, and which had a great economic aspect—the question of arbitration in the matter of strikes, All agreed that strikes were @ calamity, but a ca- lauuity wevilabie in the present staiv ol struggle to which lavor seemed condemned. Bat they passed laws to suvmit them to ceriain reguluuons, A council Of arvitrators named by each aysociation sbouid decide the legitimacy of the strikes, After the quescivu of the strikes Came that of the tools and Machines. They agreed that these ought to belong to Lune iavorer, UU they did not speak of appealing to any violence nor of proposing any spoliation, Their unaulmous vpinion was thai the two means Of acquirmg them were co-operation, a3 in Great britain, and mutual credit, as ia Germany. Then tney treated of the education of the work- tug mao. In truch, man to be worthy of his minisiry in suciety and in nature, ougui vo edu- cate 12 succession ali bis faculties, 8ad OL aITIVINg at maturity kaw the conjunct of relations which bind the material universe with tac moral universe, and ihe world, which careers through lufinite space, th the worid which is hiddea to the lumensity of the conscience. Thus the orst facuity to be educated shoud be tue sentiment, it awakens the soul. Be- hind it comes iaacy, whose light uiffuses ituelf througn the heavens of art. Beulnd fancy cones intelugence, which gives notious indispensadie Lo Tue. belind inteigence reason, without whose hight maa cannot know the nature im which his bouy lives, nor tue society in wiich lis soul lives, Beumd reason comes hi.8 conscience 40 be educated, That teaches bim goud and evil, and imposes upon him tae Decalogue of nis duues, Only by educa- on of this Kind does man cease to be sensual, Yoxe- tative, an eteraat 1uwtus, and F.ses to the rational fulfilment of nis destiny on the earta and ius Tespousivility before tleaveu. PEACE AND WAR, Jn breaking up the Congress again proclaimed the superiority of the peaceful works of Jabor over the devastating works ol war. There bas Jusi_ passed over the world one of these calamities. Whcu we geo the cities burning, the ficlas desolated, human flesh eaten by the beasts ot prey, uamau boned picked by the birds, desulation universal, and eter- nal hatred placed between the races who have made Civilizauon, We cannot heip calling accursed, lorever accursed, tne names of Cyrus, and Var.us, and esar, and Charies V., and Napoicon,* con- ee them as genil of evil, while we con- sider Frankiin, drawing down the — light. ning from the ciouds; Morse, Wr.ting human speech by the electric sparks; Watt, giving to mankind a new moving force out of escaping steam, and Herschel, bringiig the planets to uur telescopes, are te true continu. ers of the Work divine, and those who have ulled tie sour and rebel earth, as reccived from creative nature, until there Nas radiated into ali its pores the immortal splendors of their thoughts, (Great @pplause.) THE CONGRESS OF BRUSSELS concluded—fix your attention on dates, gentlemen— almose at the same the as the collectives separated from the democracy m the Congress 0} Berne, when they thieateved to lanoch againstour principles and Our ideas toe associations of Jaborers. Tie Scia- Vous, OD separating, said we were merely formalist deinvcrats, purely platonic repubitcans, They kept their threat. They turacad alUst US, AMIS polulcal democracy, the ujerent = @ssucia- uous: of laborers they had organized in all Europe, All this. was to be expected of their cntef, I belleve this extraordinary mau, Wiih all his pretensions to cosmopolianwn, Wishes to Impose on te West his Grienial, asiaitc spirit, Judging from nis personal appearauce he 1s. rewiurkabie, He seems to have been tramed out of the Vyclopean stones, to loOK ab wis Colossal sta ure. With the wuite beard of a patriarch, ihe tim- perious head of an autocrat, the Vigorous limbs of a Cossack, aud the small, piercing eyes of a lurtar, he carries in tis porson the physiology of ali the races OL Mis immense empire. 1 can understand the fas- ciation of his Oriental eloquence aud his organiz- lug geutus over the lavoriug Classes, who, like we meu of Lue ancient Werlu, are always looking for their Messiahs, IN 1869 THE CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MET LN BASLE, and to it the strong sclavon carried Lis ideal, col- lective proprictorship, Witch is 4 return to (ne first patriarens of the East, wo Amatic evionismo and esenismo, Which Would Jiave stliled our ciyilizauion, uf the idea of human p @listc character, from the Nort, Jn Uils Congress of Basle the Sciavons ruled with great predomwauce, and this explains what lagi going to tell you. da Wat Congress Laey dissented rom the Congress of Losana. They decided for coliecuve propriecor- ship, but NOU Without great protests, wut afterward they seemed to have repented; ar in rate, it woked line il, A necessary consequence of tie docirine of collective proprietorship i8 the abolition of Inherit ance. Respecting we Jatter an extraordinary deunte etsued, Many delended heirship and Inheritance who Nad voted for collective proprietor- sup. Yuey remembered their wives aud their cnildren, Put to the vote thirty-two were for the Abulltion of Inheritance, twenty-three en contra, and seventeen abstained from voting, while, as the delegates were elghiy, they agreed to pass to the order of the day without deciding anything on tial transcendental point. Here end, geutlewen, the actual decisions of the International, Upon retigion and opon the family they have decided nothing. On these two things they Wished not to trea!, not even to make speccies, Consequently ail the lin- moraliuies of the Internationai are reduced to COLLECTIVE PROPRIETORSIUP, Gentlemen, wat doctrine 13 Julged of by expe- aad condemned by the history of the Spanisa nvent, te Sclavonian municipal, the socieues the brothers Morabos, and it is condemned mm the history of Paraguay. Wherever it hag been tried society hae remained in perpetual Intancy. But, after all, is it immoral to ask collective proprictorsiiip instead of individual proprietorsuip) Can it be immoral when the Charch had collective proprietorship? (The Minister of the Gobernacion bere remarked, “8 y no!) Yes @nd no!) Castelar resumed—Gentiemen, — the Minister of the Gobernacton continues In his ‘uncer- tain system of yesterday. He says *s¢ y no /"? irom the which | deduce qué se yo—twhat do I know 7) 18 voilective proprietorship, which I disap, rove of, immoral? if so we must condemn the Gospels, You were greauy alarmed the other day when Senor Garrido told you this, But i 1s trath. You must condema the Gospels and tae -Fathers, Bot as L am now tired, Lask the resident lor tue benevor lence of ten minutes’ rest, Sefor Alarcon here remarked that collective pro- prietorship was immoral when founded ty opposl- (on to the will of the owners. CAYTELAR RESUMES. At a later hour the game evening Uagmblar resumed onality come irom the | West, and the Germanic nations, with their individu. | | tendencies of that Roman Se his speech. He thanked the Chamber for its tn- dulgence and then resumed:—in ireatiug of this q Be mM not treating iG ating of & quest of liberty and might.’ T'dread the commencements of reaction, for no one knows wnere tuey will stop. 118 with reaction as with revolution—-no one cam control or stay it at will, What I feel and de- plore here ts the ai zompt to limit the right of the emission of thougut and to destroy tho right of meet- ing—two things we have secured with so muok difficulty aiter bloody revolutions, What? vol need to be a portaker in the ideas of an association to defend it Did 4 belong to the Carlist party when I rose the first time to speak in’ this Chamber to ask the release of some Carlists who Were imprioned? Some of them, it not all, were released, thanks to my words, (Cheers) Did I ve. long to the religious Orders when 1 biamed the pro- visonal government strongly for having suppreased the religious orders? Did I belong to tue absoiutist party wacn I brought in and urged @ vote of cen. sure on President Olozaga tor denying that party the right to proclaim Charles VIL their king, inside or outside 0; thie Chamver? All { pow detend ts the right of the International to express its 1teas and to discuss them in its meetings, its associations, 118 newspapers. 11 common sense 18 80 perverted a@ to admit them, and if universal suffrage brings any pr is members to thiy Chamber, cau you oppose a & am t WHY PERSECUTE TAK INTERNATIONAL? But the Minster satd to us, “io you not eee dan. fer In a society whose chiefa reside in toreign jauds?’? Geutlemen, pray have @ hixher idea of manbind than the Minister has, The poor working- mea oi tie International bay: it, If i possessed the genius of an iliusirious Enuitsh orator 1 would bid the Minister reject everything that constitutes his being, tor there 1s a foreiga elemcat in 1t all—reject his anguare, our sonorous Spanish, lor it 18 @ ax. ture of Latin and Arabic; reject his religion, tor the father 1s of the Jew, the wurd Alexanurine, . the Holy Ghost Platonte; reject his country’s instita- tious, for part are copied from the United States, par from sngland, part from Belgium, part rogs ‘4uce; reject the very Cluthes he wears, lor per- haps they have been woven io an English loow; re- ect his very Pope, tor be was born in Ltaly; reject 18 King, for he, too, is am Italian; reject the ed atoms of’ nis body, tor, as the chewistry of the wi verse Knows no frontiers, he knows not how many Tartar or Saxon atoms have entered into its compe sition, ueituer docs he know were the atoms O. (o- day Will go to-mortow, thanks to the continuous circulation of mutter, for there are no aationalities: for the 11le ana the fecundity of the earth. (urand applause.) What. is the ditaister of the Gobernacion 80 Individualistte and preitidiced that ne does not unudeistaa.t the grand pociry of ireedom of come merce’ The earth nas diverse aptitudes, The climes give diverse products; but, banks to THE GREAT MQULEN HERCULES, COMMERCE, in those ships, Whig now appear like sea birds om the oceau, ow ieaving thelr White track in the Waters aod tueir taick smoke tn tie air, the world intercdauges ul those products—the skin the Rus- situ sirips from the dead animais in pis icy deserts, the tovacco which giows under the burn- ing Suu Ol the tropics, the irom forged in Siberia, the gold dust which the negro of Africa gathers from the sands of his rivers, te manuwuctu.es of England, the produce of Kodiay the date wita Which the patriaren of ine Bible himseii Guder the palm trees ol old Asta, tue bril- liauts aug the precious stones wiich bedecked the Virgin breast of young America, the juice of the vines Witch vestoon the borders of the huiue, and Ure argent wiue of our verez which carries dis- Solved ta tts goideu atoms particies of the sun of Andulucia to heave the veins Of the cold sons of the Norun, (terriuic spolause.) And wilh all these grandeurs ommerce,tie modern Hercules, catches of the spirit of the earth, divides the Cup of lite amoug all races, joms Asta aud Europe and Afriva and America, and causes man W rewize that he is & Luated by Dut one singie spirit, aad possesses @ domimin and a@reign over every side of our beautiul planet. (Renewed applause.) Tothe unt- Versality oi commerce we have to aud THE UNIVERSALITY OF LABOR. But the Minister of tue Gobernacion, as if compres heuding the weakness of is urgament about whe foreigners, leaped to another point, and asked, “Do you not believe in the immortaiity of the Intern®. lonul Wacn the International atiacks the idea of family?” L have said, and 1 will bring prvofs that im Its iegisiattve disyositions, in its Canons, there is HOt Oue siugie ALLACK On the family. 1t is necessary to treat (nis question with rectitude, and to believe good O1 a:i the world till we have proois to the con- wary. Tae text cited by the Minister is ‘the fami fouuded on ove.” What? Woes any one here wi that the jamily should not be Jounded vn love—the love o1 the futher, the mother, of the chud? Why shou'd this, wnich has nothing to do witn the legts- lauve decisions of International Congresses, enciose an evil idea? We must draw a line between tae moral and the right. Tne origin of all tyrannies is the alvempt to confound these two. MORALITY 1s a point of conscience, bat it ceases to be 80 whem coerced. Moraluy is 80 Jar irom ail coer cion that itis immoral when it is moved by fear of eltner hursan or divine power. It loves goud for the sake of good, and fies irom evil because 1 ww evil, without beimg actuated by either hope of re- ward or fear ol punishment, Is right the same? Is it not coercive? Has it not force waich impels us to its luldiment? And, peradventure, is mght al- ways moralt States—are they always moralt Their dispositions, their laws—are they always sirictly moral? Let us look at marriage, for lm stance. 1, gentlemen, buye such an idea of the sancuty an perpetuity of marriage that I judge, with one of the greatest of modera thinkers, that divorce is immoral. (For the infor-_ mation of my bencdick readers let_me say Castelar is uumarried.) 1 believe the duly of educating tae children aod matntaining the laity Unites the mar. Tied indissolubly. Ever have I been moved on enters ing 1D the cad Gothic calnedrais, When | have seem the recuibent effigies of husband aud wile on the stones of the great sepulctres, (heir bones joined to- gether in eternity beveath, as their bodies and souls were tn life, sult divorce, an spite of its immorality, is permtite] by ourlaws, Does the Miaisier of the Gobernacion (aud I am sorry to nave to speak of such ta.ugs here; Know anything more immoral than prosutution + Can the wouisn [alt to @ greater depth? Yet do we not legally tolerate it? Do we not license it aud place it under rues ? Have we ‘not Oficial hospitais? Bur stil it ts ammorat, GAMING. Then, again, play, thut is a great immorality, for in it the man exposes bis foriune and that of his Jamily in search o! a chimericat gai, due to the throw 0; @ die, and not to labor. Nevertheless ‘tate plays —yes, pluys at the 1ottery! Weil, &t We inust dissolve immurai secieues we must Com. mence by dissolving the Staie! (Cieers and laugnter.) It is necessary, genticmen, to separate the Une of moral trom the line oi right * Lr | THE QUESTION OF PROPERTY, But let us go on, gentiemen, to the question of property. L sustain that robbery and violence are im- moral, Dut the mere desire to (ransiorm ownership, by modes Within the laws and judicial proceedlags, Cannot be immoral. From the bivlical jubilee to tae English majority—twenty-one years—have there not been transiormations of poe Three cen. turtes could not blot out the hatreds between une Celto-Romanos aud the Visigoths, which 13 ex- lwined by the repartition of property. In Spain in ue Middle Ages it Was ihe same, 13 1t Immoral to ask the transfurmauion of proprieiorship* Cer- tainly not; though i may be nowadays avsurd and unjust. 1 ts fintaoral to sustain collective ro pr.etorship you iwust, as | said, coudemu the Bibie and the fatvers, Here Casteiar quoted Luke XIX, 13 to 25—the story of the rich young mat Whom Christ told to seli all nis gouds and give to the poor; and Matthew vi, 2s—J2, and Luke Xil, 1—30 He thea quoted ove of tue fathers who had said in one of Ws books of te rich tat tney were ail thieves, or sons of thieves. He adiedz— St. Chrysostom sald, “The Church of Jerusalem never kuew proprietorship,” and adds, in his homily, “Oporiet cin heres: s esse? St. Cyprian saiv is not the sau, the alr, the rains jurail? Tien the same ouzht to be—ail soctal beuelits to ve equally divided among ali mea.” If he had been at the Congress ol Berne ne would have voted with the collectivistas, (Laughiter.) Gentiewen, if the Looks of your moral sald this, are you going to condetnu the Internauonal for sa) ing the same? ‘Then burn your Ltble and your books, CHRISTIANITY, I am just and impartial. If Christianity fell into this utopia to deny ie rights of property It was because it needed to produce a grand spiritualistic reaction against the sensual, gross and materialistic ety which had wal- lowed in the pleasures of @ continual orgie, from which it could not be dragged except by that sub- lime martyr Whose lips oniy opened to bless, Whose Ile was ony consecrated o one idea, for whicil he accepted death, raising over modern society the 23, from whose ieet descended those principles Ol liberty, equality and irateruity which, when real- ized, will make of the carth a mirror of the universe, of society a Jamily of vrotners and of our spirit» scinthiation of ¢ (Great cheers.) NO ALLIANCE AGAINST I. The Minister of the Gobernacion said all nattons were alarmed at the International, and that (hey Were going tu found a new afilance against it. Wuo told him so? Absurdity) There are nations where all movement of spirit has been prombited—France for Instaace—yet even there during the e mpire the International was left in a certain liberty. 1 am certain the sepubiic will let It aloue. 11 the M:mister had known What nts idea involves, he would know it wouid but multiply Internationals, England’ Doesn't the Minister know by a paper arrived here three days ago that there they talk of ai alliance between the international aud the con- servatives ? UTOPIA. Gentlemen, useless will ve your propositions. Yoa attack witat cannot die, Utopia may be deceiving, but it is eternal. AS the verreatrial sphere 13 oe tweentwo poles, so 18 the social sphere between two utopias, the past and the present. Tae pg waits for liverty, tie poor for the conclusion of “4 per ra any that is FJ at Waad utopias wi erish; all that 13 of truth Fe Castolar enlarged on this idea of utopias and the folly of trying to legislate them out of bung, and concluded thus:—One thinker thrown to the flames disappears im ashes borne op the wings of tue wind, buat his im. mortal ideas are incombustibie aud float for. ever over all the Mames and ail the executioners, and shed their ight into the depths of all human consciences, I invoke the prudence of the chamber, YOU WILL BR VOTING A USELESS LAW. We vote for peace. You vote for war, You vote Oexistence # secret soviety, and berkind secret sootelles come revolutions! May God pleas our egorts, may He nol custigate so pistiy as you deserve your great aud, perhaps, irremediable errors | ‘Toe applause was terrific a4 the great orator sab down, He had spoken nearly tour hours, He hae since then been “on hia legs two or three tunes, in ‘Ubis lengthy debate,