The New York Herald Newspaper, September 11, 1871, Page 3

eer Pdlitsh Kingdom To Be : Ereeted. Entente Cordiale Between Ger- many and Austria. Wutriondly. Peeling in St. Petersburg - Toward. Germany. . RUSSIAN. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR, Germans =m the Baltic Provinces. . © The Austrian ‘Nattonat System ~The: Past Poland—The Italian Aliiauee. Without; attaching too much importance to late. ‘Wespatches received by Atlantic cuble relative to new European aillance:, ic is evident that the pre sent condition of aflairs on the Continent is not favorable toa continuance of peace, .The relations detween Ausiria, Prussia «nd itussia have greatly changed sinc? the. conclusion of tho late war, Many questions, come-of which have been held in @beyance, are now brought forward and discussed with an evergy nnd earnestness that locicate action of some kind, The tatest rumor ts that is mANY, Austria and Italy have formed some xiud 0 Pb 8 £0 preserve the ofEurope, but the very fact of Pui allantes, i fae teh “plate, would argue that other Powers entertain designs to break it Tho Meetings of the Emperors are understood, both in Berlin and-Vienna, to have political significance abd to be the preiude ofa policy in which both Powers are to act in all respects together, The adhesion of the King of Italy makes the conlition 80 formidable as to have the fate of Central Europe entirely under ita control, if no other Powers interfere or object. But Russia 16 “Mot Itkely to ve, nor 1s she an idle spectator. ‘ Her interests al) tie in Central Europe, ‘which is the road on which she must travel to carry out her traditional policy in Turkey and in Asia, It 48 not possible that she will abandon One tota of her pretensions, and consequenuly Russia has to look {or alliancesalso, Franveis teady at band to act in Although a considerab!e portion of gore rete f er 801) ‘ipied by f troops gud ha: yet to pay an indemiully'6 ‘ae ee De grey every reason to believe that France would not heal- Jato to engage In gn effort wo regain her lost prestige. Indeed, Thiérs On several Occasions neld out hopes of soon making a struggle to get rid of present en- cumbrances, and no one can doubt what the temper ‘of ull classes in Frauce is on this subject. Nor must tt be forgotten that im the gioomiest days during the existence of the present Natioual Assembly full apy Sropriations were made for military and naval pure Poses. Asa matter of course, an aillance between France and Russia has beep or will be consum- mated, and in the nature of the present complica- tions hardly @ Power in Europe, either large or Yall, but Musi take one side or the other. It is un- Mecessary to state that any aifference between Russia and her neighbors at once brings into prom! mence the Eastern question, DIFFBRENCES BRTWREN THE £MPRRORS. It 13 now generally believed that Russia is tar front being satisded with the position ahe found bereelf in afler the war between Germany and France. It ‘was considered in most respects to bo like that of the latter country after the capitulation of Paris, ‘It te true that Russia, tn return for her neutrality, ud ior her cocrcion of Austria int? neutrality, obtained the desired modification of tbe treaty of Paris of 1866, and is now at full liberty to re- establish and expand ler naval power iu the Black Sea, But this is felt to be an inadequate compensa- tion for the increased strength of Germany, which now overshadows the rest of Europe, Independent of this, Russia has serlous differences with Germapy and Austria, The condition of the German inhabt- tants of the Russian Baltic provinces has long been | a source of irritation, Tue Muscovite government | vas jor years sought to introduce the Russian lan- guage and laws among these people, and the exTort has been a3 sieadily opposed, It ls known the Cabinet of Berlin has favored : this op- position, and, in consequence, @ very bad fecling bas been brought into existence. This senti« ment of hostuiity obtains generally throughout the army, and extends to the press and a large portion of the court party. Mr. Schuyler, the United States Minister at St, Petersburg, wrote not long since to Mr. Fish:—The officers of the army are said to be early unanimous in favor of France and of a war with Germany, and I know of several occasions q@here toasts have been drunk to the ratu of the Germans.” The differences between Austria and Russia are of the most serious nature. The former Power in us new policy of reconstructing the empire on the basis of federal nationall- ties, has determined upon the erection of a new kingdom of Poland, To this proposition Russia emphatically eaters protest and proceeds to arm and erect new fortifications on her southeastern frontiors. Thisis the chief point that brings the Eastern question into prominence, Butas further on the causes that have led Austria to adopt its present policy aud to avoid complications with Ger- many will be set forth, some account ol Rassian preparations for war are given. WARLIKE #REPABATIONS IN RUSSIA, It 1s well known that Russia during the past year has Leen using every effort to prepare for eventn- ailues, The Ozar is represented as having been engaged very recentiy, accompanied by General Ledo, the French Minister, in exercising hia armies on a grand scale, training whole corps Marméee in the laying of temporary ratlwaya, and generally giving indications of military actvity, It 13 sald to be impossible not to notice that the vicinities of all the barracks show @ great stir, Hospital wagons and camp equipage are being repaired and put in order, The cartridge factories are humming con stantly, turning out half @ million metallic shelis dally, Additional orders for Gatimg guns have been sent to the United States. The Kussians have now over three hundred of these terrible engines of war, The successes of the German armies have durected attention to the vulnerable points of Rus- sia, There are two—Poland and the Baltic pro- vinces, Polish intrigues are more active than ever, but the Polish question has been raised by Austria. The situation 18 considered dangerous, and what ever alliance Russia may form this point wit! be carefully guarded, GERMANS IN THE BALTIC PROVINCES. in the Baltic provinces all tne political power is possessed by some two hundred thousand German nobles and merchants, who sili keep the privileges granted them by Pecer tho Great on the conquest of tae country, tothe exclusion of 2,000,000 of pative Russians who do not speak German, Ail attempts of the imperial government to tntroduce the Kus- sian language, instead of the German, as the oficial language, or to make reforms in the judicial pro- ceedings or in municipal adaire are vigorously re wisted by the Germans, who tmmediavely cry out that they are oppressed and persecuted, ‘Their lead~ 18 habitually point to Bismarck as their protector and defender, and there {8 % strong party in Ger- many which has espoused their cause, and who 20W threaten difficulties with tne Russian goverment, These questions have always been evaded by Bis marck in the Reichstag, but itis now alleged, on good authority, that Germany, boing united and fushed with victory, will make tho Balilc question an Intor- national one, and clatm the Baltic provinces a3 part of Genpany. The Germans complain of their 10+ jgious mghts being restricted, and thac the govern- mene inficts penalties on non-professors of the Greek faith. These complaints reached the United Slaten Bud WE have Jug seen how Prince Gortcha domesuc concerns of the empire, ' EARL RUSSELL'S VIEWS, In reference to this question there is a singular cidence. ‘The veteran Ley vg 3 Fart panel, as just published & Work on foreign relations ¥. Great Britain. Refer lo the war betweei a and Denmark, by which the latter lost two duchies, in great part inhabited by Germans, the Earl says:—“‘An exciusive and narrow-minded Dan- 180 Ministry, assisted by some shreds and patches of Enati attempted wo convert the German AL Babitante Schleswig into Danes, to deprive thew of the ministrations oi clergymen of their own nation and to drive their cullaren from common schools in which they were accustomed to learn the of tuetr fathers, ‘he excitement in Germany was deep, but it did not at once | urst into Hames. The tweive years it smoul- dered fire lay beneath the ashes, growing hotter and hot er, till tradesmen and solulers, philosophers and Ministers of State were buruing win resentment, aymipainy, and indigaation.” The condition of e German inhebyanis of the Baltte provinces 1s deecribed.as far Worse than was that of their race in the duchies, and as the ex-Engiish Foreign Min- isier gal ily justifies the spoliaion of Den- mark his views are of Lmportance at the present moment, RUSSIAN POLICY, The ambition of Russia ts to extond her dominion into the rich and populous regions oi Asia, The ewpire of England in the Indies makes her great a rosperous. During the progress of the late ar Russia feared lest ngland ‘houla succeed in e'ting the upper hand in diplomacy or negotiation, jugcovite statesmen understand that sirenuth and infivence tn Europe are the essentials to progress in Asta. A diminution of: prestye in Europe would be Gimost fatal to ber Lastern designs. Therefore when Bismarck, according to his avowed pay, of uniting the Teutonic race in ene grand whole, therepy menacing che Ruasian Baltic provinces, and when Austria, in developing her new system of federal natiunal ties, revives Polish national hopes, Russia, 1 is reasonable to constder, will take meas: urs t counteract the policy of her el ‘+ herself with po, Wations of of Europe er RS aN Ofiset to the discontented ‘oma Yoisnd and German Lutherans in the va.uc prov- Joces. Retigious fervor reaches a high pitch in the Muscovite empire. During the Criuican war the Russian people were ready to make any sacrifice, however vast, withouvany hope of pecuniary gain or lerciioriat augrandizement. They were told the war was eptered into tor the protection of their cO- reiig:onists living in ‘vurkey, whose rights had been guaranteed’ by Russia, aud whose places of worship Were deseorated by. tne infidel turks, The soidters beleved they were marching to the reliei of Jerusa- lew, that hac been seized and despctled by unbe- hevers, This powerful influence, that can be called uato action ut Ay moment, combined with the miit- tary skill of such soldiers as 'Todieben, make Russia a government to be Jeared and respectea—a Power thafmay suger reveracs, Dot cannot ve broken, as Une onse Of Range, comune + — IN ASIA. fe empire has’ an extensive and constantly in- creasing commerce’ with Central Asia and with China and Japan, notwithstanding she was. beech carrying On gu aggressive or delepsive war for nal @ céntury in those regions. There is no den. that tho reault: is civillzation Asia, by putting @ Dart. of is under government and securing the peace of nations remain # dent, ‘but of whico es mure vo the benelit of the Astatic races, ‘The roving and thieving bands are subjected law and force and. consolidated by the instincts of self-preservuiion. In the meantime Kussia * tinnes to colonize in Northern China and in the isles ot the thus making pointa @apput tor tuture mov ts either political or commercial with hose great centres of and wealth. In- deed, we learn irom lence of the ai mission L A at g oes crear Nea Belzed by ‘and which 18 vw C. i, Clay, W) fssiain 1908, © ofthe United States hay. standpoint in that quarter of we globe where Our shing-o:-way might rest secure, avsTaia sS1k, The prescut relations between Austria and Ruse sla, as stated belore, are tar from being cordial, Besides tne sorious Cer yea pad Poland, Kuasia has the Pan-Sclavonian move- tO valte all the solavonian tons of Austria and Turkey with Ruasta, than ShirIyiy ing cond low this state of i Pan-Sclavoi ethuoiogical ex- nubiles bela i Moscow a few years since repre- aes yexions Aasoriag, bee ore Dre sont, ved Wi 0 Prince Uortenakom the Foreign Hinhicr, "Ue ken 18 in] es clon that occasion sald to a ni, on kre at home in this country, and, in more at home than in your own land, which 1s rujed by the foreigner. Here the monarch and subjects 5} the same language, and being a Sciave ts not accounted acrime. Althongh torn agunder by envious fate we yet nave never ceased to be one nation—the sons ‘of one mother, [tis this which the world canuot parton fu us; yet Jou Wall Dever degert Russia, nor will Rus- sla desert you.” Austria is made up Of various nationalities, including # large Sctuvontan elenient, aad Unis patronizing lone of Russia bas Jong beca @ thorn that mn kecnly telt, The empire of Austria, Lut w Sing is untortunate wars during the past twetve years, yet remains & powerinl Siate, After the treaty of Prague, in 1366, she Was thenceforta exciuded irom Germany, and having acceptea the situation Adopted a tree con- sutulional goveroment anid devoted herself to the work of reconstruction under #uest. But there existed an inherent difficulty in the inveterate spirit of race, which stvod ta the way of a harmonious polit.cal umon, Hungary was tirst reconciled by gtanting to tiat kingdom a separate constitutional pariiament, the only thing common between the two being the Emperor 8uad the army. The conces- sions to Hungary gave rise to claims on the part of the Poles aud Czechs for rghts equal to their neighbors, and it may be assumed tiat Russian intrigues were at work to embarrass, ‘ihe Germans, Who are in minority, hold ail ofices of government, and bave kept the the two races in subjection west of the Leitha, The aisitxe to the German eienient is strong and wide- spread, and the new policy has been shaped to sat- isty Bismarck, Who bus assumed a protectorate over them m Europe. Notwithstanding ths the Germans are regarded with jealousy and 11 will, espectaliy by the Sclavonians, and as they are admitted to be the most eniightened portion of the population they use their power as a matter of right, THE GERMANS IN THR BMPIRE, The relavions between Austria and Prussia were far from being satisfactory long alter tne batile of Sad- owa, Bisinarck’s deciaration to the Austrian Am- bassador that Austria was an Eastern and nova Western Power, and that her capital was Pesth and not Vienna, was not forgotten. The disclosure of General Marmora in the Italtan Chambers of the tet ter of the Prussian Ambassador, in June, 1566, de- ciatinog that it was necessary to “strike the Austrian power to the heart,” mado @ projound — impression, aad the remind- er is constantly suppiled by the German of the intent to atrip Austria of her provinces wherever Germans mignt be found, however few in number, [rom ner northern border to the Adriauc, ‘The question of races had been conunuaily discussed up to Lhe breaking out of the late French war, and after Its conclusion, the subject was kept alive by the Berlin jorapapers. It was threatened that unless the Vioana Cabinet followed the plan of re- construction recommended by Bismarck tue Ger- man provinces would be seized; that, im fact, the empire was made up of slreds and patches aud couid not hold together anyhow. This condition of ailairs did not angur well for @ continuance of péace between the two countries, Bohemta, it was cialmed, was German laud, which the great German nation @t no price could purt with. Its inhabitant it was farther alleged, were partly Germaus ant Germanized_ slaves; and merely to gratily a smail remnan, of Czechish barbarians, Who have not yet learned German, aid are wanting ia every element of culture, tls important coumiry will never ve AVE UP. poo ajenteaiagtorerene cece « “COMPARISON OF THB RACKS, Befove proceeding further 1 may be weil to exaniue for a moment this ciaim of German intel. lectual superiority over the Czechs in Bonemia, tho proporuon being 3,200,000 of the latier to 2,000,000 Teutous, Ninety-seven percent ot the children in Bohemia attend school, The Czechs have twenty- two poll.ical newspapers, two-thirds being daily, three tilustrated weekly papers, seven reviews Ov educational subjects, five on scientific subjects, two journals of fasnion and twelve theological. The szechs have larger and heav.er brains, Toate in tne upper and pontal regions, tuan the Germans or aoy other of the Austrian nations. Heury ‘Thomaa Buckle, im his history of “civilization in England,” remarks (vol. 1, p. 172), “The German peopte are more superstitious, more prejudiced and hotwithstaniting the care winch the government takes of their education, more really ignorant and more wullt to guide themselves than are the in- haintants of either Bnglaad or France, * * * ‘Their great authors address themselves not to their country, but to each other, They aro sure of @ select and learned audience, and they use Wiiat in reality 18 a learned iqnguage; they tura iheir mother tongue nto a dialect, eloquent, indeed, and very powerful, but 80 dificult, so suvtie, and 80 (ull of complicated inversions, U to their own jower classes it 8 utierly tncomprehensibie.” Buckle is considered good autnority, and tl he be correct, the Germans in Ragsia and Austria im- prove, comparatively, by living tn loreiga countries, THS ALLIANOR Wisi ITALY. The reported alltance of ftaiy with Germany and Aastra can hardly excite any surprise. The 1083 of Lombardy and Veneus has really been a beneilt to Austria, a3 it gains her lmmunity from a standin mmenace in the south, and not in the way of a good understanding vetween Francis Jogeph ana Victor Emanuel, Italy, since the seizure of Rome, was table wo attack from France at auy me, ‘Ihough ove much to France, it may be uestioned whetner her poucy was nut a selfish one, flowever, this much has to be stated, that when Prussia and Aus.cia Were about engaging in war in 1906, no [rest differences existed between the jatter and Italy, Watching tho opportanity, sie at once entered Into an alitance with Prussta, and the (0) owing are among the reasons given by (no King in his declaration War:—''my government has ocenpied itself with interior anization, with opening sources of public prosperity and wita foru- | fying he country by land and by sea, awaitiog & favorable opportunity to accomplish the invepon- dence of Veneua.” It was further stated that Aus+ iria had been concentrating troops in her provinces, which Was natural enough When she was on the eve of war, The Lialians, however, were entirely unsuc- cessful hoth by sea and land, and it was the victory at Sadowa, gaine) by Germans that secured the transier of Venetia, in_ the French victories at Momtevell age: | rino brought Lombardy unde! emmanuel. nta and Solfe- Koff resented the interference of Americans tn tho can manner as te the rule of Victor Vegueh disaster @ year ago was availed of tothe Pope. and which forcioly, and it must be without provocation as well as against solemn treaty stipulations, seized Rome and made it the capital of Italy. The religious issues involved, more or less, cause Prussta ahd Austria vo side at present i | with Itaiv; but te must not be forgotten that the two Emyerors are firm believers im the sacredness of Kingty rights, and that the Papacy is the oldest Monarchy 1p be oe yen laly has reason to Jear France, The ng men of the latter nation | have declared since the war that the time had gone forever when Frenchmen woud fiza. for an idea or | ® sentizent, France bad made italy aud gave ; Dlood and treasure in ber cause. Her only recura ; Was an indifference ip the hour of ner sorest trial, and advantage taken to violate agreements that Would not have been attempted tf France haa Dot been overwhelmed. France, 1t has been declared by more than a dozen representatives in the assem- bly, would act hereatter strictly in her owa inter- ests. In the event of France aliying herself with Russia she would have to take part avaiust Poisn nationality, tor certainly Austria is now the cham- pion of that op) Deople. Bui recent exyperl- ence of the Commune must have served to damp the irlendly feeling that had existed for centuries, AVAILABILITY OF ITALY, Ttaty has long been used by the great Muropean Powers as an instrument tor own eads. Her miiltary aud nava) strength is by no means tacon- siaeravle. Her army cousiste of 646,00u men, the navy o: 260 suips. Aslongas the alilance, uf tf has been entered 1uto, continues, she is exposed to no danger from @ thira expedition to Kome for the restoration of the temporal power cf the Pope, and Ausirla is now ire: trom apprebensions as to certain Italian districts stil remaining uader her sway. fhe patriotic rty have iong desiret to possess: ‘Trieste, Trent, Dalmatia and @ portion of Illyria. It 18 not a great while since, upon. the occasion ot Vie~ tor Emmaauel’s entry to Rome, a deputation or Malians Irom Theste and the ‘tyro: expressed the desire of vecoming subjects of the King of Itaty, Now such tuings will not be allowed, It ls almost asu tant tO the German empire to prevent on ihe Adriatic ani opposite Vevice, trom ta honda of Maly as it is to Ausiria her- THE ST. GOTHARD RAILROA But 1t wonild appear De iT that Bigmarck holas 1 and its aillance.to be of constideravio pte rhe man of “blood and iron’ has never ‘conceaied his belief that France will, when she considers herself abe, seek to yecover her lost ground. Affer tie Austrian cam, ‘0 Of 1356 &® proposition Was BUD mitted to the Itwllan goverument to marion the perepcton of aratiroud. over Monk Ls foinard, he object waa (apee ess Germany by was of ‘Switzerland with IMaly, tizh Freneh intinence - the seieine was deieated, Very recently .ismarck renewed the application, which was granted. ‘Lhe line when coastructed wilt be a contmuation of the Alsatian sy#tem anu will enable Italy to throw large bodies of troops ito Germany and vied versa, ‘bi Gothar | Is 9,y:4 feet high and 19 one of the Heive- tiaa Alps. ‘It aivides Lomoardy from switzerland, ‘The realization of this project would. bring the two countries into close peoximly nd be, shoud Italy and Germa 0 ‘war’ W! ranee, of incalcul- ‘able beneti forniét, ” THE AUSTRIAN SYSTRM OF NATIONALTTIRG, The work of consoiidgting the empire and satis- fying the various nativnati‘tes, of which itis com- posed, was advanced this year by the bold measures adopted by the Em The Bohemians are to have Tne granted thein similar to those enjoyed by the Euagarians; and, as @ proof of the Emperor's od Will, One Of his sous Is travolling througu the ‘ingdom, giving assurances of imperin! favor and it is not unlikely tuat the Enrperor ‘wil be crowned King of a hew State, fo fourerisg MA, Bilesta, Ga! also bo erected into a kingdom, thus fe proers the na- B ‘nal A BY @ programue of Pecoeraan ithethced ad ote an can om. the management of its own L try. ‘The Emper ‘ww be suprem: ‘itical ¢! jog at Vienna, Jederal capital. Of course dilliculues staud im 4 The Germans in CisLeitha object to tal for, by te oj Will only enoy political power im proportion only to thelr members. A few woeks since a warm debate occurred in the Keichstag, in waich Hohenwarts, chief of the Cis-Leltna Cabinel, ob- tained. a great triumph in favor of the federal sys temover the German party, who were led on by eae eerie inate oY aetiae VE e ar angome! Wever, arck is kno’ {he satisiGd. He no Yougor haroors idena or hilor- ring in Austria. The latter has given assurances that it will reapert German interests in Bohemia and elsewhere in the émpire, and though humi- ating to a pruad nation to be obiiged io yield in buch a point toa foreign country, yet it bas pro- duced a cordial feeling between tie two Powers, and relieves Austria of one 0: its nrost disturving and dangerous domestic dificuliies, It must be understood > With B ror tp) ration, they that the Germans in Cis-Lettna do not desire revolution, but many regret that Blemarck did not, alier Saduwa, seize Bohemia aad hold it. A NEW KINGDOM OF POLAND. In catrying out its feuerative system Austria has fully reso.ved to erect again the kingdom of Poland. ‘The Gallician provinces are large aud popuious, and it must be rememiered that tue Poles have always been treated well as subjects of the House of Hups- burg. There never has been an Insurrection in that part of roland, and, even now, Austria seeks to gain new strengta by cherishing and advancing Polish ideas ot nationality. ‘the Poles wno recently fled from Frauce are welcomed in Gailicla, and everv- thing 18 Gone to add new life aud vigor t cormanat Pojomsms, On ihe otner hand, if there be one thing more tian an other Rusia fears it 1s the Teappearance of tho Kingdom of Poland. ‘Tne fra peror Nicuoias, when be finaily crushed it im 1830, declared, if obliged to rule @ constitu. tional State, he would fly to Asia to \exer- cise despotic sway, The present Emperor has broken With the Pope because the later would not denounce anticipated insurrections, Circulars have tately been sent from abroad to tie Catholic priests in Poiand ana the Russian norii- western provinces, recoumending preparativn and urging them vo extend by all means their influence among tue peopie. In Russia everytinug that might have tended to nurture roilsh patriotic feeling has been studivusly rewove. Ia Jaie years tis desire has teen strongly shown by Russia when the provinciul goveranents and name of Poland were aboiished, Even the dress of tae Polish Jews has been proscribed, And quite lately the lust vestige of was recalled, {he poisey of Austria aud Russia ma retgreuce to Poland 13 as widely diyergent as pos. sidte, The recent appointments of Count Goluc- howski vw the Governorship of Gallicia has given mortal ovfeace to the Czar, A briel sketch of the history of Poland at this time wul ve read with In- terest. It has been a sorrowtful one, POLAND'S HISTORY. Poland haa a strange and sad history—a history whica has 1aterested learned and sentimental minds, and which events now that yond wo be In progress ive it an interest of anew kind. In the middie of the eighteenth century it stretched from the Baluc 0 the Black Sea; but now, owing to its vicious po- litical system or the chronic dissensions of its ruiers ana peopie, 118 name no longer appears on the map of Europe. In 1004 Sobeisk! ino had acquired much aistinction tm wars inst Russia and Tur- key, was elecied King. Tne Turks were at tats time at the very cilmax ol their career, and were gather- ing themselves up for one tremendous coufict, which they had always peen preparing tor since the capture of Constautinople, two hundred years before. It was their deteruunation to advance the standard of the crescent all along the Mediterra- nean, and had openly avowed their resolution to plant it in Rome and change St. Peter's mto @& mosque as they had St. Sophia, ‘hey chose Vienna a8 their drst pomt of attack and through .wungary. Tae tents of the Turkish army aroun ha each glittering with @ Turkish symbol. Sobieski, wao had no reason to oe friendly to Austria, marched his army to her reltef, If there wad any leading 19ea and he Med his lve it was to shatter the Ottoman power, drive them back into Asta, redecm Europe from their presence and re+ story ihe Byzauyne cmpire they had destroyed. Christendot which was paralyzed with fear, watched with profound aaxiety the attempt made by the brave vole. Tne Turks were totally de- feated, the siege raised, and Protestant and ¥ holic: nations united in public thanksgtvings foi the vic- tory. At this day the dejeat o: the Turks by So- bieski before Vienna and the Coperntcan theory of ihe heavens may go together as the two greatest contributions made by the oles to whe ctvilzation ot the world, + THE FIRST PARTITION. The monarchy in Poland was always elective. Four succeeded Sonmeski, And on each occa sion throne was carried torough Europe tor sale. The couutry continued distracted—the victtin of conteuding nobles and factions. The mfuence of Kussia grew to be all powerful. Iu fact, St, Petersburg was considered as mucn the capital of Poiand as of Russia. Tn 1764 the Diet elected Poniatoweki, one of the Empress Catherine's lovers, king. Then followed dissensions worse than ever. A war of religions broke out, waich continued until Catherine marched au army into the country, Tho neighboring powers, Austria and Prussia, also interfered, When order was restored they resolved to divide the kingdom, Prussia took 10,800 English square miles, with 800,000 Inhabitants, This terri- tory secur the Prussian monarchy almost an unbroken seaboard vw the South Baltic, Austria took 27,000 square miles, with two milion innabl- tauts, Which incladed the whole of Gallicia, Ruseia tuok A strip om her own frontier of 82 400 miles, consisting ot the present provinces of Poloty, Witepsk, Monilan and Livonia, Altogether Poland lost Hh, square miles, or about one-fourth of her entire territory. SECOND PARTITION, In 1792 Poland changed its mode of choosing hier king. It was resolved that after the death of Ponia- towski, Wito Was forced on the country by the Em- press Catherine, that the succession should be 10 ‘one of tne German princes and his heirs, Great re- forma were attempted to be introduced, but tho results were fo increase the confasion, stir up strife and almost reduce the country (0 @ condition ofanarchy. Russia again invaded Poland with @ Jarge army. Seven desperate battles were fought in six weeks, ‘The overwhelming numbers of Rus- siang were victorious everywhere, and untostunate Poland lay prostrate and helpless, Anot! partl- tion took place, and Prussia came in tor her share of the plunder, though Frederick the Great had engaged to protect Poland against furtner encfoaca- menis, An extent of territory 98,000 miles, or more than three time the first amount, was taken by Rus- sia; Prussia took 22,800 miles, with the port of Dant- gic. Such was the second partition, which took lace in 1793, which let land with an area of 100 miles, or less than one-tuird its ormnal e+ tent. THR DOWNFALL OF PCLAND—ROSCIUSKO, ‘One more heroic struggie and Poland was blotted out from the list of nations. Cy | the Poiish erals who sought in the campaign of 1792 was i. dens Kosciusko, who was twenty-seven years of age at the me of the firet partition, He left his Poiand’s separate existence, the Cultus Ministry, | NEW YORK HERALD, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 187L—TRIPLE SHEK?. to pour 70,000 men into the few legations remaining | country shortly after that event, and served in the merwan War Of independence. He returned tw wand filled with fdeas of popular freettom aud nu- Bove nth AsacSar wire Kasaant tae ovement began in Cracow, where usko aad denly appeared with a band of adherents, Never did Po.and display such bravery, sucti sei/-devotion, such unanimity, ‘The eeneee were driven ont of Warsaw and ocner places, But the unhanpy Poles, | notwithstanding all, were beaten; the Russians | overran the country, and the third and last partition of the country was arranged, Of the 6,000 miles Russia took the lion's share—4s,500 miles—advane- ing her Baltic provinees to the Prussian frongier. Prassta (00K on this occasion 21,700 mties, and Ags Int annexed 20,900 to the Galician kingdom, Ponia- Vowsk! was taken to St. Peterspurg, wiere he died in 1798, Kosciuske died in Switzerlaud in 1917, @ cripple and a misanthrope, SYMPATHY POR THH FALLEN NATION. ‘This cruel fate of Poland awakened throughout Europe widespread sympathy, vat no hand was stretched forth to give assistance, The people, though totally crushed, yer retained their national bes fhe French revolution kept np their hopes of deliverance, In 1807, when Napoleon was set- tiing the terms of the Treaty of Tilsit, he compelled Prussia to give up 43,000. miles which she had ap- propriate in the three partitions, and erected ihe lerrivory into the independent duchy of Warsaw. In 1809 Austria was obliged to give ap 20,000 miles, which was added to the new State, At the Congress of Vienna all the Powers agreed to be liberal to Poland, but the ¢scipe of Napoleon from Blva caused the work to be done burtiediy. ‘Ihe Ouchy of Warsaw was declared to cease to exist; 18,600 miles were restored to Prussia and 4,800 miles given bag W Austria. An imdependent En- | Fopean state, calied the kingdom of Poland, was created, ‘The crowa was couferred ou the Emperor Alexander to be enjoyed as a family pos session, entirely separate trom thre lnperml Crown Oi Rusela, aad, lastiy, a tract of 6,000 square miles, ‘With 61,00) soula, Was Converted Into the repubiic of Cracow, Tnia could not stand, as the aspirations of the Poles tor mitependence were as great as ever, In November, 1840, four months aiter the French revoiutlony anu msurection broke out, for seven battle atter buttle took place, and Poland more lay.pieeding and crushed, The patriots were pt y drafting some into the Kussian ‘Army, th ads were driven into exile and hun- Greds transported to Siberia, Acting ona law of navions with declares that conquest cancels ail jor tenures, the fHiaperor Nicholas . dectarea oland no longer an tadependent State, but a pro- Vinee Of the sassian empire, The republic of Cracow was exungulshed tn iss, ~ POLISH NATIONAL PEELING. Tho creation of a Polish Kingdom at this date could.oot be yery acceptanie to the Katser William. | He still revatng his Votish provinces and the inh tants aro not amen, the most loyal of his subjects. But (his matter hus also been arrenged to the saus- faction of biamarck, and ta relerenco to Ww the Cabinets of Vieana and berlin are in fuli accord, ‘The romantic patriotism ot the Poles cause them. selves to Consider their country still a nation, A meoung ts to hekl at Lemberg, the capital of Austrian Poland. Each member is to bring trom his Ance or villaze a bag of earth to empty upon @ hill as an emolem of the umon of roleh Zeus, An inverest.ng guniversary 1s to be the cénienary Gay of mow ulng for the tirst partition of the nation, Prussian Poles will be in attendance, but kussian Poles wil not be allowed to join in the cvummomoration. Russia fears all ideas of Polish nationality. ‘fhe revival ot the Polish question at this late day, With its threatening consequence, 13 almost certuin to furnish a bloody sequal to the pen oy those Powers of & neighboring king- F Qomm, and whieh WAS gno of the most unjustiuabie H ietetor ah hickory, PREPARATIONS FOR WAR IN THR SOUTH. Tho liveral concessions to Poland have roused punlic opinion in Kassia against Austria, Activily im military matiors 1s not confined to St, Peter burg. Russia 13 now ehgaged in fortifying the railroad Mines teading into Galucia, above all tue two cou mandiug ponte, Raafivilion and Wolocayx, and has exp us iutenilon to extend the system of for- tufication to the other lines on the Austrian fron- tier and also to suitapie points on all navigable rivers, Ansiria, on tue other hand, has determined to fortify Priemysi, which is termed the key of tne passage over the river San, and 1s almost the key of the Carpatlian mountains. The Galicians have also been making preparations for a delence of their vorders, having provided ior the completion of the fortifications at Krakan, whicn is @ position apie of belng made a strong defence against ssi AUSPRIA'S INTEREST IN TURKEY, The Interestof Austria in Turkisn adatrs ts fully | As lively as that of France ur Russia, Her policy ts to restrain Museovite influence on the Danube, and when 1 1865 she declined joining the allies it was because at that time theempire was cirected by statesmen Who could perceive no difference between Tefurm or change and revolution. Now Jt 18 very aifferént, Austria ts one of tne rreest constututional conntriés on tne Continent. A leading Viena paper Says the only solution of the Eastern question that would be really advantageous to Europe ta by the constracuion ofraidrogds connecting the ciel cities of Turkey with te rost of Europe. Austria is aware That Kussla seeks to supplant her on the banube and + appropriate the fairest portion of tue Ottoman e pire, and, consequentiy, establish an asceu ancy in RBurope. This part of the fore en policy of Austria i «as oof =6much vital importance as the estabiishment of the kingdom of G:llcia, and on both questions Russta cot iy coniict with the government of Franets Josepi.’ A paper was read beiore the Koya! Geographical Society of Vienna fast month, in Which it was set forth that as the extension of Rus- sian parse eat ho jonger be hindered on the Bluck Sea, the.only remeay was to butid a sine of ratiroad from Londga to Bombay, via Consiantinople to Buea; connect with a line of steamgh to Bow The une een England and the capt+ tal of India wouid then be reduced tovwelve days, fving auwple Ume aad opportunity to suppress any jostle Or msurrecliouary Movements in the bud. Russia wight Dave time, it was said, to make good her footho.d in Asia before the work could be co: preted, but the speaker—terr Von Orges—said:— “in such case Austria would be a powerful barrier against == Russian ~—_ aggression, — and sue would’ obtain anally in bngiand tn whom she could place implicit rekance.”” be observed that the subject of possible nostlities with the Ozar is Considered more as an Austrian than an Knglish question, ‘There 13.4 party in Aus- tria which considers Kussia, and not the Western rowers, the (rue antagonist and enemy of the em- pire, and who deprecated the assistance given by Kussia to subjugate the Hungarians as a remedy more fatal wan the disease it was called tu to eradi- cate, in 1854 the Emperor Nicholas pointed out to the then young Emperor of Austria the possession ot the northern provinces of Turkey was a@ prize easily obtained, but no faith was placoa in these promises. Russia, it was feared, would, in case of success, have outhonked, surrounded and destroyed Austria, CONCLUSION. From the preceding it is evident thatthe question Of Poltsh nationality will revive the Eastern ques- uon, and at a time when the great nations are ready to engage 11 war. In Russia there 1s @ dis- like and suspicion of the Baltic Germans whicn shows itself in hosulity to the new empire of Ger- many. There ts no disguising the estrangemaat ex- isting between Alexander and Francis Joseph. At Jast dates the Russian Minister of War, Milotyn, was personaily making a tour of inspection througi the poutuern provinces horderiog Austria, whero foris are ordered to be built in considerable numbers. And it may be mentioned that a Russian fivet is on its way to the United States, and tnat immediately before the breaking ont of the Crimean war a simular ocourrence took place. ‘The course Engiand ‘will pursue tt would be useless toealarge upon. She ig rarely or ever at @ 1033 to escApe irom a diflicu.ty, If possinie she will remain neutral, but as the issue involved brings up the Eastern question in nearly ail its bearings something must ve done. The moditica- ton.of the Treaty ol Paris has already ite bad results, Russia 15 making her naveas in the Black Sea ana Sea of Azof importaut arsenals and points of departure sor army routes through Central Asia and pry h Judta, which, with the closec connection nussla ty now making with ‘Torkey, will end in trouble to England. It appears that a railroad is to be constructed through Asia to India, 80 as to vou the Biack Sea, and thns make a short route for tne transport of British troops to the East. This ta the omy Way she can avold coming 10 confict with rege question of pee rere Sette roads by the Roumanian goyernment jas a)]most dis- appeared from thé polit tf Hage, Wes Work was performed by Rugsian capitai, and the appeal of Bismarck to the Turkish government on behalf of the shareholders has caused the petty rulers of the principalities to retrace their stepa, The Emperor of Russia ts visiting the Caucasus, in the neighbor- 1.000 of the Black Sea, the two Kaisers meet again ina few days at Ischel, and the Prince of Wales 13 visiting his father-in-law and brother-in-law, the Kings of Denmark and Greece, at one of the water. ing places in Germany. Meantime preparations for war go forward on a gigauiic scaie from one end ot Europe to we other, CBITUARY. t Bouct-Willaumez, Count Louis Edouard Bouét-Willaumez, Vice Ad- mire! of the French navy, whose death is just announced py cable, was born in 1898 and admitted into the Naval School to 1823, He joined the navy ay ensign 11 1829 and was made ileutenant in 1836, and attached to the naval station at La Plata, as- sisting in the bombardment of Mogador. In 1844 he was made captain, and was svoa aiterwards ap- pointed governor of tho French possessions in Senegal. He returned to France in 1847, aud tn 1849 he received the Cross of the Legion of Honor, In that year he published @ volume, ‘Description Naue ligne des Cotes entre le senégal et VEquateur,”’ uaving been entrusted by Rear Admiral Montaignies do la Koche, 10 1838, with the survey of the coast of Western Aly He was appointed Rear Admiral in .864 and look part in the Urimean expedition under Admiral Hamelin, Aiterwards he was Pre- fect of be | and of Toulon, and attained tho tank of Vice Admiral in 1860, ‘The only vice admit ral whose commussion bears an earlier date is Foarichon, Who was appointed in 1859, BLUE PISSING EXTRAORDINA‘Y. Av the work of excavating tho Peconic Itiver a curlous result of the digging operations has shown itself, AS 8000 as @ part is excavated an enormous quantity of blue fish takes possession of the exca- vated spot, and sonear do they come to the working arues that in leisure minutes hundreds are caught, avout pfty pei vised Of this fact, went out In boa and catching frow twenty to thirty each 10 a0 hour's time, j bave remained queen but ALMOST. A WESTFIELD.” ANOTHER NORWALK DISASTER. An Engine Smash-Up on the Coney Island Steamer Yesterday. Can One Steamer Do the Work of Two? ure Exeursion of ihe Period. The book of steamboat terrors was very nearly having another patntut chapter added to tt yester- day. Since that doleful Sunday in July, when tho town was filled with anguish at the sight of one hundred and twenty scalued, burned and battered corpses, a not unnattral dread has lodged in the hearts of those who were wont to make water ex- cursions down tho bay on Sunday, the only day which gave them a remission from toll, another accident has happened, happily this ume WITHOUT LOSS OF LIFE, but none the less affrighting, since it was merely The P due to the fact that the steamer was not heavily | laden with passengers. Té was the lot of a WeraLp reporter to have his editor say to him on Saturday, “Go down the bay to-morrow and write up the Sunday excursions, as itis drawing to the end of the season.” Accordingly at nine o'clock yester’ay morning t stepped on board THE STEAMER NORWALK, in company with some of my famlly and friends, and we scon felt the influence of the delightful breezes on our city fevered brows, There was some delay in starting, and on inquiry of the man at the gangway I learned that the extra steamer nad been taken off, “she didn’t pay anyhow,” and that ‘this here boat has got to do all the work to-day; she'll have to go round to the North River and take on board ali she can pick up.” “What time will she svart for Coney Island” “Well, you may get off at ten; she'll nave close work to make three trips to-day and call at ell the landings, 1ldon't approve of tnts thing; i's disap- Pointing tothe people that get on board here, and \t’s disappointing to the people that want to get on | atthe North River. In fact, sir, Its hard to get THE WORK OF TWO STEAMERS OUT OF ONS." At length she started and the prow of tho vessel headed down the East River, As she passed tho dock of the Staten Island Terry company the memory of the great explo- sion sent @ momentary shudder through the hearts of the few passengers on board. The Norwalk now made a number of tedious landings, gradually gathering a respectable freignt of passengera—Just such as have made Coney Island’s fortune and repu- tatlon—the class of toilers who cannot escape for more than a few hours during toe entire neat of summer to tho EMBRACES OF THE ATLANTIC SURF. They were all in good spirits, and the clear at- mosphere, the gently rippled green water, the vivid sunstiine and, apove all, the glorious pano- Tama of the bay, made up the sum of their happt- ness, By and py she came to at the pter at Coney Island, and, to steal a march on clly cares, our party sauntered gently in the direction of the bath- Ing houses, and soon were plunging, swimming and enjoying all the health-laden fun which @ summer dip in the “blue blood” of Neptune brings. The THREE-CARD MONTE MEN from the Bowery were there trying to "rope in” and “skin” verdancy, but they had little to boast of, since not many ventured a hand at the slippery game, In revenge they smused themselves with | And now | her motion caused the paddies to revolve #1 ' times after the motive power was goue, font Jutions it was which had caused a. tne crashes alter hae The cylinder top, made of two-ineb tron, SRIVERTD INTO A HUNDRED PIRCES. The slide on which the crosspeam worked up ana wutes Raewon tat eee we jorting the machine: nee and ieaten on = port coy respon endeavor to trace the cause of the disaster toed he disaster THE ENGINEER, JOHN 8. ADAMA, who sald:—'She was running along easy, carrying j twenty-eight pounds of steam, | hat just lovked at the gauge when | beard the first crash ana thar jece of the cylinder cover fell at my eet, | The piece was an ugly dd one, Weigaing about on peace, Thinking all was up { thought it time ji “Wat {a your opinion of the cause of the dis story" | “Thats what I'm try:ng to md out As well as | can see now it is that : THE CROSS5EAM BROKE SOMEWHERE, and so let tne piston strike too far up, 80 a8 to tear | me cover right off the cylinder, and travel round a» | yon see,” | , A passenzer present stated that he noticed the the holler to have registered thirty pounds at the dock, and that the engineer was then blowing of, The fractured piece of the cross bead was after | found Where it iad broken at the tongue which held it to the travelling jaw. enginecr’s theory, On the engine was ing it to have been “rcoulit June, 186 rieg.”' As the engineer ati nod eay that he had lifted the safety valve, | sowrit Mr. Churenill, the plot, aud discovered (nat to hint was due our imamunity Poo A CORTHGR HORROR, He sat When 1 heard the nolse I ran out on tht deck and observed that the salety Vaive was not up, Taccordingly lioisied tt from up here and tled it up ag you see, 'To the two firemen, Kdward Wool'ord and Eugene Brando, a recognition ta also due, On hearin down fa their mcrno the thug, Uud overhead, they stayed to draw the flres betore attempting to come up to face the unknown dang That this re.\nired some nerve will be apprectated by Any ong pimselt in their position. they came out,’ sald @ passenger, ‘they were | LIKE GHOSTS PROM HELL, the white showed so through the coal dust.” “After some twenty minutes’ lying to a Perth Amboy | transport came alongside and offered assistance; but, aa there was no traminent danger, the captain | and part owner, George W. Wilson, resolved to wait j foratug, The Rettef shortly after came, and her christeping in this case was no misnomer, The Norwalk was now slowly towed to New York, ‘There were some ludicrous pletares in the pante of the first few minutes. Arotund Dutchman re- fused all consolation, but SEIZED TWO CANE-BOTTOMED CHAIRS and sat down, calmly awaiting events, It was over half an hour before he could be prevailed on to budge an iuch. Tho oddest story 1a that of the young man who jumped overboard, His name is George Hammon; he ts an Englishmanmpy birth, and plays the cornet at tae Olympic, He aid his brother were on the forward part of the upper deck, in com- pany with three young ladies. When the rending and ore reacced his ears bis first impulse was CALLANTLY DESERT THE LADIES | Dy taking a jump through the awning over the for- | ward part of the lower deck, and next w take & tremendous header over the taffratl into the water. He rewarded the four boys, according to their story, with fifty cents each, the incorrigible young geatieman remarking that he was “saving hig money to buy a white hat.” ‘Thus euded, happily without loss of life or limb, what might under the change of halt au hour ip tme have resulted ina terrible calamity, It was not more tuan thirty minutes from the debarkation of 300 passengers on the trip to Coney Island to the dsaster, Had, as 18 probavle, the after part of the Jadies’ cabin veen filled wiih passengers, that piston dealing its savage biowws, LIX® A TIT (NIC TRIP HAMMFR, would certainly have crushed numbers, while in the Veg of so large & number the worst results might e ieared, The officers contend that 1t was such an accident as could pever be foreseen, and that it might happen to any engine. But the starau query creeps In, snggeeted to me by the remark of the man at the gangway in the moroing—Can one steamer be expected to do the work of two? That tne Norwalk was attempting this 18 obvious, and the question is an open one Jor the proper oiflcers whether it was not due to TOO HIGH A SPEED TOO LONG CONTINUED, and whether the pressure on the cylinder was not such ag to drive yiston rod out with a sudden Jerk. “Not being an expert, Ido not pretend to give any opinion on this, but 13 ft not Ume that all these old vesseis which are used as Sunday excursion boats, when beluind the times for other travic, shoula be overnauled by the proper authorities? Posted over the boat was a placard as follows:- *“Voney Island. Last Trip of the seascn on Mon day, Sepiember 11. The steamer Norwalk wilt make but one trip,”’ &c. ‘This sounds now like bitter sarcasm. It is never+ thetess stated that another boat will make the trip. It 18 to be reared that yesterday's work will diministe the succesa of the excursion, LES# NORWALK by-playing with each other and quarrelling, apparently, over the result, as if the entire circle of | Tascally ‘beats’? were not ail “standing in” toge- ther, It was now fast nearing two o'clock, the four at which the Norwalk was to return on her second wip. A saunter along the beach brought our party to the Pavilion justas the steamer was arfiving. A. Uce of wave-wishing Mortals--about three nun. dred—fiowed out upon tie sandy walk and THREE FEEBLE WHISTLES H from the steamer warned us that she did aot pur- pose delaying long. We were just on board when the dismal horn agam sounded three times, and at afew mimutes after two she starved on her trip to New York. There were scarcely more than fity passengers, and, with few exceptions, they were either grouped on the seats upon the lower deck at the prow, or, as with our party, abaft the ladies? cabin on the upper deck. Congratulations upon a merry morning were tntercbanged, and anticipa- tions of an eafly.dinner, with a good appetite tor sauce, were indulged in, The steamer had passed the Narrows about three-quarters of a mile and Gotham, with {ts spires fail in the midday blaze, was visible. I was just remarking the beauty of tho scene when A VIOLENT CRASH FROM TH CABIN cansed every body to start to his feet. Another came still louder than before, and I could see that the after part of the cabin, with ita glass windows, ‘was shivered into pieces. Another crash came, and the floor of the cabin was seen to fly in sphoters and something heavy fell with @ crashing thud on on the deck below. Seven crashes in ail wero counted, and the roar of escaping steam ‘lent an additional item of fear to the situation. The excitement among the passengers may be pic- tured. A frantic rush was made for the stern of the boat, where we were, aud iright, panic and con- fusion reigned supreme. THE LIFR PRESERVERS, which were hanging near the cabin, were clutched by eager hands aud fastened on with nervous fn. gers, Tne form of one man was seen In qho water, swimming away, aud many around me could scarcely be restrained from following him. The few who managed | to keep cool did all they could to prepare for tho emergency of the vessel sinking by distributing life preservers and trying to hail some of the yachts and other craft cruising in the vicinity. There wae, uu- fortunately, not one within half @ mile, and SURIEKS, CRIES AND SUPPLICATIONS to Heaven from some women on their knees min- gied with the roar of escaping steam. One young lady of our party sainted, aud one young man was inisatngs ? pe caus ed me acute anxiety, for he was my brother ; but, In answer io Ms name siouted out at the top of tne voleo, he repited, Jrom the lower deck, whither he had gone to look aiter the mens of helpig the party down In case 1L was necessary to take to the water, The steamer had, of course, come .o @ standstil from the utter demoralization of the macninery. At this juncture a deck hand, his grimy face showing white as ashes, came up and said:— “There's no danger now; the piston AIN'T GONE THROUGH MFR BOTTOM.” ‘With this assurti fact before us tranquillity was somewhat restored. A boat containing tour boys, seelpg (hat something was wrong with tho sieamner, pulled over from the Island shore, aud were sent quest of tho young man who had jumped overboard. ‘They sneceeded In reaching him before he snowed apy sigh of exhaustion, aithough Fatty twenty minutes in the water, aud returned with him to the was ba lt in 1849, rebualt in 1867, and after the acel- dent to her in the bay in 1869, whien the pabiic wilh Tecall, a schooner having collided with ner and car- 4 away @ large portion of tne hull, she was again | peu ee a urge cost to the owners, Wilson, Lewis je seit THE SOUND MURDER. be Excitement Inceeases—Did the Coroner Vo His Duy ¢—Phe Name of sho. Unforta- fere ci Uekaown—Large Nambers Visie the Shore Where the Body Wis Pound, As the time passe: the name of the unforta. nate who was found on Long Island shore 1s stilt unknown, the interest in the case increases and public opinion calls for & more thorough lavestiga- tion, The ail-absorbiog topic of conversation for miles arouni yesterday was this case, and would her name ever bo known? The fact that the name of the yacitt which was cruising around the harbor has not been ascertained makes it more suspclous, and the general impression seems at present to be that she wes @ passenger On thatcrast, Stil the POSITIVE IDBNTIFICATION of the body by ihe two men who swore at the Coro. ner’s investigation that it was that of @ lady seen Monday on the steamer (Martin), rather dampens this theory. It 18 reported that District Attorney Downing ‘has taken the matter i band, and will order @ thorough investigation. Yesterday a large number of persons visited the shore where the bouy was found. THE COMING 80LDIERS’ WHEELING. WHreLina, W. Va., Sept. 10, 1871, A large and enthusiastic meeting of the commis tee having m charge the arrangements for a sol. ders’ reunion, to be held at Wheeling on the 16th and 20th of October, was beld “here yesterday. Colonel Thayer Meivin aud Captain R. H. Cochrane were appointed to deliver addresses of wei- come to the soldiers on behalt of tho Society of the army of West Virginia and Mayor Jefferson on behaif of the city. It is expected thar not lesa than two thousand soldiers from Ladtana, ohio, Penosylvania, Maryiand and West Virginia wiil ‘be present, Letters have been received from many celebrated generals who served in West Vir- gus promising to be present, Generals McClellan, anks aud Cox gro certain to be here, and others are expevied, BEUNION AS POLITIOS IN THE WEST. Oman, Sept. 10, 1871, The members of the Constitutional Convention of Nebraska arc addressing the people in different parts of the State in favor of the new constitution, its adoption 1s considered doubtful. Reporis from Wyoming ‘territory claim & repnb- lican majority in one branch of the Legislature, which was largely democraric lust year, About one-sixth of the votes cast In Laramie county were by femaies, Tue county gives @ large demo- cratic ingjori SCIENTIFIC NOTES. A railway 1s to be carried to the top of tie Swiss mountain of Right. It ts already opened tu the height of 4,000 feet. A French chemist asserts that if tea be ground Ike Coffee before not water is poure 1 upon it it will Yield nearly double the amount of tts exhilaraung quaiiuies. The evidence of the spectroscope, as it stands, ts certainty favorable to the eg that the consutatton of the sun ts uot very di int from that of the earth; bat @ vast series of observations are required vetore this can be determined. Cotonel H. Yute stated at the British Association meeting & short time since that the teak tlmbers which bound tte wails of the palaco at Ctesiplion, in Bavyionia, da log from tne or sixsa century thrice umluoky Norwalk. 1 now, seeing allsafe, proceeded to view the ox- ‘The after tent of the disaster to the machinery. part of the cabin was one heap of SMASHED SEATS, FLOORING AND STAIRWAYS, with a wide gulf in the upper deck, through which the dévrs of the macainery waa visie bie heaped iu every i juanle variety confusion on the deck below. @ engine is of the crossbeam order, and the great cylinder, bare aud shivered, was standing in Its place. The crossbeart itself, to the centre of which the piston rod ts at- tached, was lying on the lower deck with the pletion rod, toick as & mac's leg, DOUBLED UP LIKE PAPER in the form of a big V. The ponderous piston, welgh- jog several hundred wetght, was still aitached to the pistom rod, and lay amid the wreck of , ue r ment counter, imbedded in the lower deck, conuecting rods, which in this class of art ee at either end of the crossocem, were sull firmly attached to the paddie cranks, but were bent jnto ® parabolical curve like wire. To their toughness is due the fact that the enormous momen- tuum Of the wildly plunging piston, aiter its being TORN FROM THE CYLINDER, did not batter away to eternity for all on burst through the bottom fora i a Ae a, ‘would, ‘doubt have oe b for the fact that t ‘at full apeod amd wie impetus ef ot our era, are still undecayed. It 18 proposed to introduce @ new telegraphic service in the German army for aruilery ta action. Expertenced artillerymen are to ve posted under cover far in advance of the batteries to watch the effects of the cannonade, and report back by weans Ol a small portable Lelegraphic apparatus, ‘xperimenis have been recently made to ascer- tale the quantity of different foods which needs to be eaten to make one pound of flesh. The concin sion arrived at 18 that iy requires 26 pounds of milk, 100 of turnips, 50 of oes, 50 Of carrots, 4 Of ORG meal, 74g of barley meal and 3% of beans, Time ts the earth's attribute, and a3 tho earte leisurely and regularly renews her drapery of follage aud (lowers, so she reconstitutes the forms of ner sur- face and moves her continents and ber scas frons place to piace in the long lapse of #, 10 whick the life of a man ta but as ove undalation separated from the myriads of luminous waves which are re quired to lmpress us with @ sense of solar rar ies The New Prussian (Cross) Gazette points out the proffered help of {he Duton sanseniats wil Co of a nei ahaa st clally anal solu Catholics—where to obtain ae th is has never coased e successio episcupalls the Jansenists, ‘They have sull the Utreont and the Bishops of Harlem and a ae