The New York Herald Newspaper, February 19, 1871, Page 7

French, because we are quite sure that our benevolent and liberal Hebrew citizens will see to it that the suffering people of their own faith in France are not forgotten. It is right and proper, too, that our Jewish citizens should be recognized as brethren by our Chris- tian citizens, and especially in all good works of charity, We have another {dea upon this matter. If Mr. Marshall's committee were to apply to the President for a proclamation upon the subject, requesting the different religious bodies of the United States to devote a day for the collec- tions indicated, and suggesting the day named—Saturday for the Hebrew and Sunday for the Christian churches—wo think that General Grant would issue such proclamation, and that in thus giving the movement a na- tional character he would contribute greatly to its success. In the name of Washington and Lafayette, why not? . Our Religious Press Vable. The Lord helps those who help themselves. The religious press seem to have helped them- selves profusely the past week from the secular press. They give a good deal of news in their editorial columns. The Independent, for ex- ample, regards the ‘“‘Joiat High Commission” as a mission of civilization, but suggests that we should not flatter ourselves too much. It thinks that the Mission ‘‘is not all civilization and Christian charity. “Even hopeful Dr. Cam- ming must know that one swallow does not make summer, and one Joint High Commission does not make a millennium, even with a de- throned Pope thrown in.” Tho same paper, which, by the way, is the organ of the Con- gregationalists, don’t like the idea that the United States should pay any portion of the confederate national debt, and remarks that it is “paying the assassins for the gunpowder expended in the attempt to kill you” (meaning the United States). The Independent also indulges in an article in regard to the ‘House of Lords and the House of Israel,” in which connection we may as well throw in the fact that the Jewish Messenger, of this city, is quite’ complimentary to the Herarp for its previous allusions to the old faith, of which it is the accepted organ. It acknowledges the HERALD as the “‘new mediator,” and upon that text exhorts ‘the synagogues to rejoice and the temples to shout hallelujah.” We hope our friends in the Hebrew faith will re- joice accordingly ; but we beseech them not to make too much racket, else they might dis- turb the harmony in the Plymouth church, from which the Heratp has already received congratulations through the columns of the Christian Union in an article written by Henry Ward Beecher. Next we find upon cur table a lively Catholic paper, published in this city, called St. Peter. Judging from tho spice infused into its editorials, we might designate the sheet by the more appropriate name of Salt Peter. It proclaims that Father Keegan, of Brooklyn, is sound on the Pope, and an- nounces that ‘‘there is a similarity between the Mohammedan and the King of Italy; be- tween the Holy Land and the patrimony of St. Peter; between Jerusalem and the City of the Pontiffs.” Precisely. The same similarity that exists between St. Peter and Jerusalem is exhibited in the operations at Albany in regard to legislation for the city of New York. Between St. Peter and Jerusalem the taxpayers of the metropolis are likely to be pretty well fleeced. Our venerable friend, the Odserver, indulges in secular matters, and discusses the ‘Alabama diffi- culties” with as much gusto as a morning daily paper. A portion of its article is worth quoting, as showing the tendencies of our Presbyterian organs on the important interna- tional political topics now engaging public at- tention. It is as follows:— That America and England, the two great Protest- ant countries, may stand before the world closeiy united in heart, seeking to promote each other’s in- terests, having the same deep interest in promoting the highest welfare of our race the world over, Is & matter the importance of which is not to ve esti- Mated in dollars and cents, The Christian Union (Henry Ward Beech- er’a paper) has an elaborate article on the “Fairness of Interpretation.” It must bea very good article, to judge by its length. The writer starts out with the ‘‘old epigram,” as he terms it, to wit:—‘‘This is the book where -every one seeks what be wishes to believe, and finds it.” Fora man to feel xround for what he does not want to find this must be a good thing, and we commend the perusal of the article in question to those of our readers who have the leisure to do so. Brother Beecher, why don’t you give us something short, spicy, piquant in this your very elegantly printed paper? The New York Methodist goes every week to hundreds of young men’s Christian associations; therefore its editorial articles should be re- garded with more than ordinary attention. This week it has a well written leader on the “Modification ef the Episcopacy.” The sub- jeet matter under consideration is that of rota- tion in bishoprics, and the Methodist branches from its purely legitimate sphere to say that The country 1s at this moment groaning under the Accumulation of evils brought upon it by the appli- cation of a system of rotation vo offices purely administrative. Its machinery of government Is a ; the sense of responsibility among official persons is destroyed; the morals of the people are corrupted, and the State is reduce to a condition of helplessness for which no remedy has yet been successfully devised. The experience of the State here ts not without important lessons for the Church. The Jewish Times gives a clever article ander the title of ‘‘The Men in Spectacles,” and argues from a text taken from a French writer in the Fortnightly Review that the men in spectacles conquered France, or as our Jewish contemporary says:—‘‘The superior education of the German legions, their enhanced intelligence, their conscious enthu- -siasm for the object they were battling for, as contrasted with the ignorance, illiteracy and bigotry of their opponents.” That is very good for spectacles, but perhaps field glasses had something to do with the marvellous successes of the Prussians. The Hebrew Leader is Hebrewic, but takes occasion to notice that Emanuel B. Hart has been presented witlf a complimentary testi- monial in honor of his services at the Hebrew Charity Fair. The Freeman's Journal is, as usual, full of the Pope. Through our religious exchanges we learn, from the National Baptist, of Philadelphia, that the day of prayer for colleges—why not include West Point Academy ?—will be generally observed in Baptist institutions of learning on the 23d instant. We also find in the same well established journal an inside «view of some of the religious denominations — NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 19, 1871—TRIPLE SHBET. inScotland. The Christian Standard, ef Cin- cinnati, talks aboyt the ‘Life of Faith” and the ‘Social Evil” as if both went together. Why not separate them? The Boston Pilot, the oldest and most steadfast Catholic organ in New England, urges a new work of charity, in which service its philanthropic edilor ts always engaged, in the shape of a collection for the “Home,” an institution founded by the editor of the Pilot, The Apostolic Times, of Lexington, Ky., gives its views upon the subject of union between Baptists and Reform- ers, and favors affiliation. Taking a review of our religious exchanges altogether, we are led to the conclusion that a reviving spirit of grace is observable in many parts of the country, and that the hap- piest moral results may be anticipated. Tue CaRNIVAL AT WasutnaTon on Monday and Tuesday next will be such a solemn affair that the Treasury Department will ba closed in honor of the melancholy festivities, and it will’ also be closed on Ash Wednesday in honor of Washington’s Birthday. We won- der what sort of a Mardi gras they will have in unfortunate Paris this time, and what will be the carnival in Rome, The fat ox in Paris, arrayed in flowers, we fear, will not be forth- coming; and Pio Nono, in his present situa- tion in Rome, is not in the humor for Punchi- nello, or a shower of confectionery. SEWARD AND THE JAPANESE MIS3ION.— We think we can trace the graceful trail of our own Seward in the establishment of a Japanese Embassy in this country just as we traced it in the Burlingame Chinese Embassy. That able statesman has been cultivating the Orient very industriously for many years, and we are beginning to reap his harvest. He was very recently admitted to the sacred presence of the veiled Mikado himself, and it would not greatly surprise us if he were offered some immense dignity in the service of that wise young man, Personal Intelligence. General T. G. Pitcher, of West Point Academy, has left the Brevoort House for home. Ex-Governor Robert C. Winthrop, from Massa- chusetts, is among the arrivals at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. General Stannard, of the United States Army, has taken quarters at the Metropolitan Hotel. Colonel Kintzing, of the United States Marine Corps, 1s sojourning at the St. Denis Hoiet. Senator 8. A. Merritt, of Idaho, has arrived at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Mr. 8. H., Hammond, Assistant Attorney Genera of this State, is staying at the Hoffman House. Mr. Oakes Ames, member of Congress from Massa- chusetts, arrived at the Fifth Avenue Hotel yester- day, and left the same day for Washington. Ex-Senator John B. Alley, from Massachusetts, has arrived at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, Mr. J. B. Hulbert, of Quebec, is staying at the Metropolitan Hotel. Mr. John W. Young, “@ chip of the Brigham block,” has arrived trom Mormonland, and is now lording it at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Mr. J. C. Kelsey, State Treasurer of New Jersey, is sojourning at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. r.J. V. Pruyn has left the Brevoort House for Albany. General C. B, Norton, of the United States Army, is at the Grand Central Hotel, Mir. Smith M. Weed, member of Assembly, has put up at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. Judge J. G. Sutherland, from Michigan, is at the St. Nicholas Hotel. Mr. R. W, Daniels, Collector of Buffalo, ts at the Fifth Avenue Lotel. 3 THE TENNESSEE. Nothing Yet Heard in Washington cf the Tennessee. WASHINGTON, Feb. 18, 1871. No news has yet been received at the Executive Mansion or at the Navy Department respecting the steamer Tennessee, Instructions of the Navy Department Captain Temple, of the Tennessee. WASHINGTON, Feb. 18, 1871. Tn response to the resolution offered by Mr. Sum- ner and adopted by the Senate on the 15th inst., the Secretary of the Navy to-day transmitted to tnat body a copy of the instructions to the commander of the Tennessee, dated January 13, 1871, and a list of the naval vessels, with their armaments, which have been from time to time since the commencement of the recent nego- tiations with the republic of Dominica in the waters of the island of St. Domingo. After quoting the joint resolution authorizing the appointment of St. Domingo Comuissioners and stating that the President had appointed the same and given orders for their cenveyance in @ naval vessel, the instruc- tions read as follows:— i The department expects you to be ready to pro- ceed to sea, with the Tennessee under your com- mand, on Monday next, the 16th inst., witnout fail. Having meanwhile, or on that aay, received on board the Commissioners and their suite, you will carry them with ali practicable despatch to Samana Bay or such other port in St. Domingo as they may desire to visit. You will put the ship, her accommodations and her movements at the disposal of the Commissioners, taking her to such ore within or without St. Demingo, as they may desire to vistt, observing, however, the neces- sary regard to her safety which a provident com- Mander must always exercise. You will remain with the Commissioners. at their disposal, as afore- said, until they desire heer to return to this country, when you will make all despatcn to New York or such other port is the United States as they may desire to be landed at and report your arrival by telegraph and otherwise, as usual, to the depart- ment ‘The names of the Commissioners and of their suite will be furnished xs 43 8000 as practicable. The whole party will number not more than sixteen persons, of whom the Commissioners and their secretary and such others as they desig- nate will be accommodated in the cabin to the ex- tent of its capacity, and the others in the ward room or other officers’ mess. In tnis matter, as well as to. others affecung the comfort or convenience of the Commissioners, you will please consult these gentle- men, and conform as far as possible to their wistes, All the expenses of the Commissioners an1 their attendants will be pald by the paymaster of the ship on your order and charged to the pe owaasion tor contingent expenses of the navy. The expenses of other persons, not the Commissioners, or belonging to their suite, must be arranged by themselves, ‘The department wishes you an agreeable cruise, and confides to your discretion to accomplish its b= ‘ject satisfactorily. Very perpen, GEORGE M, ROBESON, Secretary of the Navy. Captain WILLIAM G, TEMPLE, commanding United oe steamship Tennessee, Navy Yard, New york. ‘The following 13 the list of vessels above referred to:— The Severn, Congress, Nantasket, Swatara, Yan- tic, Dictator, Saugus, Terror, Albany, Nipsic, Semi- nole and Tennessee now compose the North Atlantic or West India squadron. Of the above named ves, sels, as far as known to the Department, there aro now in the waters of the island of St. Domingo only the Congress, the Nantasket, the Yantic and the Tennessee, carrying respectively sixteen, seven, Uree, and twenty-three guus. The Stenmer Reported OF Hayti Not tho ‘Tennessee. WASHINGTON, Feb, 18, 1871, The government here is now gatisfied that the ves. sel reported to have been seen off the coast of Haytt Was not the Tennessee. The Prestaent is anxieusly awaiting the arrival of the steamer Tybee, which he thinks will bring some intelligence of the Tennessee, VIEWS OF THE PAST. FEBRUARY 19. 1860—Steamship Hungarian wrecked, with loss of all on board, on Cape Sadie. 1857—An explosionfand subsequent fire in a colliery m Barnsby, England, caused the loss of 184 ives, 1855—Bread riot tn Liverpool, l. 197—Battle of Lyons, in which the throne of Rome was contended for, occurred. Metented’ ond Gini ene seutines nus wag an an 1 Us and. THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT Election of M. Thiers to the Presidency. England, Austria and Italy Recognize the New Government. The Miristry to Appoar in the Assembly To-Day. Sketch of the Life and Services of M. Thiers. TELEGRAMS TO THE NEW YORK HERALD, “BORDEAUX, Feb, 18, 1871. Tam ouabled to report to the New York Meratp that on yesterday M, Thiers was olected President of the Provisional Government, Immediately after the voto in the Assembly the English, Austria and Italian Ambassadors ofiicially visited M. Thiers and recognized the French government. THB MINISTRY TO APPEAR TO-DAY, Tn the National Assembly to-day, the President, M., Grevy, read a letter from M. Thiers, announcing his appearance with the new Ministers in the Assembly on Sunday, Announcement of M. ‘ihiers’ Election to the State Department et Washington. WAsuINaton, Feb, 18, 1871. Secretary Fish recelved this afternoon the follow- ing important despatch by cable:— M. Thiers has this momient been chosen by the National Assembly “Ohef du Pouvoir Executif de la Republique Francaise," with power to choose his ~ Council, over which he will preside, M. Jules Favre will continue as Minister of Foreign Afatrs, READ, Consul General. Recogvition of the Provisional Government by Great Britain. Lonpon, Feb, 18, 1871. Lord Lyons telegraphs to the Foreign Department that the French Assembly having voted almost unanimously the appointment of M. ‘fliers as Chief Executive pending the decision of France upon definitive institutions, he has announced verbally to M. Thiers the recognition of the government by Englana, Ree as, German Opposition to the Orleuniste=The Election of an Orleans Princo Means Ree newed Anarchy ju France. BERLIN, Feb. 18, 1871, The North German Gazette of to-day says tnat the election of an Orleanist to the Presidency of the republic would imply a speedy renewal of anarchy in France and prevent a reconciliation with Ger- many, the Orleamsts being the sworn enemies of Germany. SKETCH OF LOUIS ADOLPHE THIERS. ‘This distinguished Frenchman, whose election to the position of President of the French provisional government 18 announced above, was born at Marseilles, on the 16th of April, 1797, His father ‘was a poor locksmith of that city, but a man pos seased of some friends, At the proper age the youth- fal Adoiphe obtained admission to the public school, where be made solid and brilliant progress tn the several branches, but more particularly in geo- metry, tt being intended for him to enter the army, His career at school, however, several times came near terminating abruptly on account of nis turbu- lent nature. BARKMENT IN LITERATURE. By advice of his friends be resounced the tdea of embracing the military prolession, and accordingly, when in the eighteenth year of his age, went to ALx, where he studied law, and where he formed a last- ing friendship for M. Mignet, with whom, in subse- quent years, he was to become a fellow worker. In 1820 he was admitted to the bar, but met with poor success. Perceiving that he was unfitted for the law he resolved to apply himself exclusively to the study of history and philosophy. In his efforts to obtain a footing in literary society he was encouraged by M, d’arlaton de Lauris, a magistrate and a Itberai member of the Aix Academy. By the advice of this gentieman M. Thiers in 1820 competed for the prize proposed by the Academy, choosing for his sub- ject “L’sloge ae Vanvenarques.”’ [is speech was acknowledged to be the best; but the liberal senu- ments so alarmed the majority of the judges, who were royalists, that they made the prize stand over for the tollowing year. A CLEVER REVENGE. Smarting under the mjustice done tn not only depriving him of the prize he had fairly won, but also in putting him down as a Jacobtn, M. Thiers determined to be avenged. The next year he re- turned his manuscript without alzeration, and at the same @me seut ® the Academy another, dated atand mafed from Parts, which contained identi- cally the same sentiments as those expressed in the first Cneygbut differently worded. The new speech took cnc, and when the ruse of M. Thiers be- came known the whole city enjoyed a laugh at the expense of the Academy. ENTRANCE INTO JOURNALISM. About September, 1821, M. Thiers, with his friend anda companion, M. Mignet, Weut to Paris to seek lis fortune. Wthout infuential friends and as poor as church mice, the two young men worked might and day in a fourth Moor garret for the ordinary necessaries of life, It was uptuill work with them, Thiers, although only twenty-four years of age, could write brilliant essays, but he could not find a purchaser for them. At length Thiers suruck the tide, Bolder than Mignet, he went to the house of Manuel, stated bis poaition ana his desires and wound up by asking for assistance. The great liberal orator recommended him to Lafitte, the banker, who in tura recommended him to Etienne, and this latter got’him on the staif of the Constitu- Gonnel, then Wie leading journal, WINNING REPUTATION, ‘The young man Was now on tie road to fortune and fame. Several extracts from his “Eloge de Vanvenarques” were published in the Constttutton- nel, As @ journalist he was remarkable for the apu- tude he displayed 12 Writing O@ all subjects aud for the originality of lis eas. Whether tn defence or in attack lis pen Was ever ready, quick and certain, ‘As @ consequence, in France, where the “fourtit estate’ 1s ail powerful, Re sce became prominent and to be regarded as an authority among his friends and fellow writers. ‘the articles he pub- lished in 1822 upon the book of Montloster and “De la Monarchie Frangaise’’ caused a complete revolu- tion among statesmen and men of letters, VERSATILITY OF HIS GENIUS. M. Thiers was undoubtedly the most versatile journalist of his day. His style was uvely and pril- Nant, and admirably suited for polemical contro- versy. With the boldness of true genius he ventured to write upon all subjeets, no matter how superticial Nits knowledge was of them. Politics, tterature, art, hilosophy, religion, history, ail came alike ready to hts hand, And, singularly enough, when we bear in mind tis comparatively meagre education, he made no mistakes. He wrote for ls journal au ac- count of the saloons of art. His articles united tn them a clear perception of the subject, the history of the revolutions in painting and some general coo- siderations upon the taste for and criticisms on art. ‘These papers subsequenily appeared in @ volume entitled “Salon de Paris” (1822) About the same time M. Thiers published a notice of the Iife of Mrs, Bellgny, the celebrated aciress of Covent Garden, London, which was snosequently placed at the head of the biography of that lady in the memotrs of dra- matic art. Toward the end of autumn In 1822 My Tmers took a tour in Italy and in the Pyrenees, ublishing his observations in the Constcutionnel on ig return. They formed a lively and picturesque reduction, and part of them were alterwards pub- fished under the titte of “Les Pyrénées on le Midi de la France, pendant les mois de Novembre et Decembre, 1822,” and the work went througu three editions. ‘THE HISTORY OF THE REVOLUTION. By this time the Consttturionnel had already began to prove too small a field for his genius, In 1823, when ras going on, and en the occasion ofthe bawle. between Villele. and Chateaubriand, he took part with Joufroy, Dubola, De Remugat and Mignot tn editing the «Tablettes Mistoriques,” & literary and political comptiation. He next went to work upon his {amous “History of the French Revolution,” which he lad heen inauced to under- take the writing of. ‘The conception of this work was due to Felix Bodin, one of his brother editors on the Consittvttonnel, But scarcely had the task been commenced when Bodin found that it de- manded & higher intellect than his and he retired from ft, leaving M. ‘Tilers to complete it by himself. ‘The first two volumes appeared with the name of MM. ‘Thiers und Bodin, Dut the third had the name of ‘Tiers alone upon it, ‘The first two volumes con- tamed the Bistory of the Constituent Legisiature and appeared in the autumn of 1523 They were rowarhable fur thelr clearness of style and dramatic interest. HOw IT WAS COMPOSED. In spite of their merits, however, the inexperlence of the autuor was evident in every chapter, M. Thiers himself percetved this, and accordingly ap- plied himself with vigor to special studies designed vo overcome his deticiencies. From Baron Louls he learued the scieuce of finance; Baron Jomint and General agit him the art of war, and at Vin- cennes some friends of bis, who were faniiiar Withartiilery, initiated mim inthe art of siege de- fenves. He ne} ed noting necessary to make his work complete and accural He consulted autnority that could atd nim togical charts, feograpliteal and stra- Ame tables, memoirs, published or 10 manuscript, legal processes, official reports, &c., Were alike ¢xaiuiued for information, As a conse- quence, the third and suc Ing volumes, which he wrote alone, were accurate and finished, This great work, begun in 1823, was not flaished till 1432, dt made ten volumes altogether, and f the time of its publication to the present day there have been probably over half a militou of copies sold 1 France, We stall not tere criticise the history. As one Critic justly sald, tt is marked by the best qualities and the worst defects. The leniency with which he teats Mirabeau, Robespierre and the other atro- cious Characiers of the revolution has been severely condemned as hithe tn accord with the dignity of history. But, on the whole, the work Is a ercat one, and Will remain for many years a monument of the Literary aviliues of the autor, THIBRS’ AGENCY IN OVERTHROWING THE BOURBONS. The success which atiended his history of the revolution tnduced M. Thiers to entertain the idea of writing @ general history, and to this end he mace preparations for a se.iesof tours, He was ready, in iact, fer a voyage of circumnavigation with Captain Laplace, and was to embark on August 6, 182¥, wheu the Polignac Miuatstry entered into power. M. Thiersjat once abandoned his plans and determined to remain in Paris and fightthem, The Constttutionnel, though an opposition paper, was not strong enough for hun, and, im company with MM, Mignet ana Arnaud Carrel, he started the Nationa, At tuts the the government was daily making greater encroachments upon the public liberties, ‘Lhe royalist party uad gone 80 far as to declare openly for @ coup d'état, According to agreement Thiers, Mignet and Carrel were to be reaponsibie editors of the National, each for a year ata time. M, Thiers took charge of the paper the first year, AS @ writer says, “Lf the Poliguac Ministry was formed to upset the charter, the Nationai was founded to upset the Bourbons.” M, Thiers waged a relentless War upon Charles X. and his Ministry. It was the Nattonal that stung the Bourbon government into the famous ordonnances issued in tie “Three Days’"’ revolu- tion of 1830, The paper was only seven months old whea the event occurred, On the morning of the 26th of July the ordonnances agausst the press ap- peared. During the day severai leaders of the op- position press and members of the Chamber of Deputies met at the office of the National, “Weil,” said Thiers to them, ‘what's to be done now as to the opposition in the journais—in our artictes’ Come! We must perform ap act.” “And what mean you by an act?’ “A signal of disobedieuce to & law which is no law. A protest.” “Well; do it then.’? A commutiee Was named on the spur of the mo- ment, says a writer, composed of Thiers, Chate! and Canchols-Lanatre. ‘Thiers drew up the protest; he Inserted the leading idea—“The writers of jour- nals, cailed upon the frst to obey, ought to give the first example of resistance.” This was the signal of revolution, Some present satd:—“Good! We shall insert the protest as a leading article in our jour. nals,” “Not ouly that,’ said Thters; “we must put our names under it and our heads under it?” After considerable discussion the protest was adopted and published, and on the very next da: the people of Paris eudorsed i; im the streets, It will thus be seen that M. Thiers tt was who per- formed the imitial act which led to the expulsion of the elder brancu of the Bourbons. We blush to add, however, what the truth of history demands, that after signing the protest M, Thiers siarted for Mont- morency and did not return to Paris until the 2uth, aiter the decisive batue had been fougat at tie barricades and Olarles X. expelled from the throne, APPEARANCE IN THE ORLEANIST GOVERNMENT, As regards the form of government for France the Nationa?! dit not poid to etther the monarchy or ihe republic. M. Thiers did, however, publish an articie in condemnation ef the candidature of the Dake pe Orleans. But subsequently he went over to the Or- leans dynasty aud may be regarded as one of the founders of the new monarchy. Louis Philippe had scarcely been tnstalied when M. Thiers.was named Councillor of State and Secretary General to the Minister of Finance, who was then Baron Loui Four months jatev Louis resigned and was succceded the eyes indtgn: Syrian question, through bis bad Y involved France in a war with 1d paved the way for the over- throw of the Orlagus dynasty, So strong was the the = fea'tog = against M. Thiers that the King was compelled to request nis retirement from the Cabinet. Thiers had not been idie during the excitement, Ue prepared France for war, He reproached the opposition for want of patriotism, and declared in all seriousness that a confitet was pending. Accordingly the ordinances relative to the calling out of the Classes of 1336 to 1859, the mobiltzalion of the National Gnard and the constraction of the permanent fortifications of Paris were voted for on the 20ta of September, 1840, M, Thiers calculated on a military campaign the next spring, anu a descent into [taly for the purpose of frightening Austria; bat nelther the King nor the Chambers partook of his beilivose ideas, and ho was finally compelled to retire, THE HISTORY OF THB CONSULATE AND EMPIRE. Returning to private life M. Thiers devoted his letyure thme to literature, A Bonapartist party had now made its appearance tn Fran and he began to coguetie with it. In 1545, after numerous travels in Germany, England, Italy and Spain, he pubyshed bis “Histoire du Consulat et de Empire." If the first Listoric monument of M, Thiers showed his youth already pungent and powerful this was 9 work of vigorous maturity, The grand figure of ‘apoicon towered above all without absorblay all, AGAINST THE ORLEANS DYNASTY. In January, 1544, he led the opposition against M, and reproached lin with his Weakness end vaciiation, and, betug chief of the Left Centre, he rallied the dyuasttc opposition to war. He con- demned everything, from the Jesuits down to the pevsanis. Without appeartag ab the reformist ban- quet of 1837, he nevertbeless took part in the agitas tion, which he exercised through the Con- stitutionnel, and contributed more by his speeches in the memorable session of 184%, the last of the monarchy of Jwy. Never was he more elojuent or more aggressive. He spoke upon the finatices, upon outside politics; he protested in the name of himanity against the massacre of Ga- Ueia, the oombardment of Palermo, &c.; he re- proached the government with a guilty conde- seendance in regard to Austria and tts indiflerence 10 regard to Italy; he criticized tts conduct in regard to the atvaly of Souderpund, and defied them to ask from France a single man or @ atngle swora to march on Beine; he stated plainly “that he was of the revolutionary party tn Europe, and that he would never betray thetr canse"’ (January, 184), He now regained his lost popularity. AY THE HEAD OF THE MINISTRY AGAIN, At midnight of the 28d of February, 1548, he was called and charged by the King to jorm a new Min- istry, with M. Odilon Barrot. After giving the order'to suspend the political feuds, he addressed a proclamation to the citizens of Paris, headed, “Lab- erty, order, union, reform.” It was nine o'clock, th February. The city up to the thine of the issuing of the prociaination was calm. In a few moments it Was covered with barricades, and ‘Vive la Repub. lique” was the password among the insurgents. Being made the butt of the crowd, who considered themseives injured by the proclamation, and seeing that he could no longer command the situation, M. ‘Thiers sent in Gis resignation, avd appeared at the Chamber to inform te bers tliat be had nothing nore to do. ADHERES TO THE REPUBLIC, After a republic was proclatmed, and,belteving the end of royalty had come, he sent bis adhesion to the provisional government ana presented himself to the constituency for election—‘Not wishing,” said-he, “to rewain @ stranger to the new destinies of my country.” He addressed himself to the gene- ral eiectors, Dut on the 4tn of June following he was elected by four departments—the Seine, the Seine Inferieure, the Orne aud Mayenne. He agreed to accept tue nomination of the Seine Luterieare, which had elected him by 60,000 yotes In place of M, de Lamartive, 13 VOTH FOR NAPOLEON, This election was looked upon as being dangerous for the republic, He nevertheless placed bis high reasoning, his good, practical sense aud his knowl- edge of business at the service of the government. On the loth of December he voted for the Presl- dency of Prince Louis Napoicon, whose candidature he had at first combatted. AL ‘the opposition jour- nals had declared that such an election would be a shame to France. M. Bixio repeated this before the Assembly. M. Talers ade in provoking language defending Napoleon, and a duel was the result before the end of the sitiing. Re-elected by the Seine Inferteure to the Legisiative Assembly he took part in ali the debates, voted for the expedition to Rome, for the law of public instruction of 15th Mareh, 1850, and for the suppression of the clubs aud the elec- toral law of vist May. HIS ARREST AND BANISHMENT. It has often been wendered why Napoleon dtd not offer M. Thiers a position in bis Cabinet, During the Presidency he gave the future Emperor a steady and consistent support. It seems, however, that Na- leon mistrusted him. The fact was, M. Thiers jabored under the impression that the coalition between the Orleanists and Bonaparusis in the Assembly would result in the triumph of the former and absorption of the latter. Me kept up a steady correspondence with Louts Phillppe, ana no doubt other Powers Yell certalu that the hour of his recall was near. He velleved that Napoleun lacked the ne} to attempt a coup d’éiat aud doubted his infuence with the army. Events proved his mistake, On vhe morning oi Deceniber 2, 1501, he was arrested and taken to Mazas Prison, and Was subsequently sent out ef by the banker Lafitte. Thicrs, it Is said, also wished to resign, vut Le hac become too promment and 1 fluential a iaai lor the government to lose tis su; port and services. And so the king united with La- fitte in requesung him to retain his eftice, which he did. He was, in fact, promoted to the pestiton of Under Secretary of Staie to the Department of Finance, M, THIERS AS A RADICAL. M. Thiers had already been eiceted to the Chamber of Deputies by the electors of the Coliege of Aix, where he had studiedg and in 1831 was re-elected. He was not a favorite in the Agseinbly, although all ons were fascinated by the brilliancy of his He alarmed tne couservatives by his style ‘sing & /a Danton and by his speeches in favor of demoranzing Kurope, saving Poland, delivering Belgium and passing the Kulne. Bui afier awhile he became more cautious and more polite. He was the spirit and soul of the Lafitte Mintstry, and upon tts fall retired with lls chief and went into the country. DESERTION OF THE, DEMOCRATS. On bis rewurn to Paris M. Thlers figured in the ranks of the opposition, under the leadership of lis old friend and pairon, Latitte. Suddenly, to the ustouishment of all persons, en the bth of April, 1831, he turned upon his {rieuds aud supported the Casimir-Perier administration. As might be lmagtued, he was loudly denounced as # renegade for this act of desertion. But Thiers took the abuse He who lad been so intensely democratic now amie rigidly conservative. A lew months before he had wauted to pass the Rhine and to de- liver Belgium ;jhe now opposed bitterly the proposed union between France and Belgium, fearful that it weuld lead to a general European war, and he desired pe: at ail hazards. From advocating equality and democracy he became the defender of conservatism, the peernge and the old institutions of France. This sudden change in bis political opinions was something rem bly strange, aud hnnpaired Ils popularity. But, as we have remarked already, Thiers took all the abuse showerea down uponhim with great equanunity, Me kuew wat be was about, CAREER.AS MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR. After the death of Casimir-Perier, in 1842, Marshat Sonit assumed the direction of affairs and M. Thiers Was appointed Mi:zister of the Interior, he having been de<ignated for that oflice by a majority of tue Chamber. At this time the situation was most alarming. La Vendee was in flames, Bei- lum and there was a general dis- tegration parties. In this emergency the new Miniscer acted with great euergy. By means of gold he succeeded im discovering the whereabouts of the Duchess de Berrl and having her arrested, and as she was the soul of the rebellion in La Ven- dée, that section of the country was soon pactfied. He aiso employed the most vigorous measures against the legitimists and republicans throughout France. A French army was sent against Antwerp, the citade! was taken and the independence of Bel- gium secured. in the Chambers M. Thiers optained a credit for 100,000,0001. for the completion of public works. The statue of Napoleon L was replaced on the place Vendome; penile works were everywhere proceeded with aud industry began to revive. Ina word M. Thiers made a very successiul Minister of the Laterlor. THE LYONS INSURRECTION, He was, however, forced snortly after to retire. The severity with which he suppressed the secret associations of the republicans caused an explosion. Paris and Lyons revolted. ‘Tniers went to tie latter and there redeemed tus reputation for courage. menaced, ot at Lyons, during the confict, he was repeatediy aimed at by the msurgents, and two officers fell by his side, Killed by bal- lets tatended for him. After the insurrection was put down he opposed the intervention of the Cour dea Paris, and the consequence was that dissensions occured im the Miuisiry. Not belug able to geta hearing from the President of the Council, or Mar- shal Soult, or with Marshals Girard ana Molé¢, he set in his resignation on the Lith Noveuber, 152k, IN OPPOSITION. Atthe sees of July, 1843, M. Thiers was standing by the side of Marshal Mortier wheu he was stain by the explosion of the Fiescht machine, 28th of July, M. Thiers begau now an underhand war wita the aid of Taileyrand. Elected again, on 22d of Feb- ruary, 1856, he received Wie porcolio of Secretary for Foreign Affairs, but soon alter, desiring to inter- fere with the afuirs of Spain against the wishes of the King, he resigned (August 25, 1836). In the summer of 1887 he made a tour to Italy to study the arts, Towards the middle ef the following year he returned and took part in the Parliamentary de- bates. Heading the coalition against the Ministry, he directed ali Dis skill and energies to upset tuem, and finally succeeded. Meantime he had also been busy th Gvercoming the repuguance of the King, which be had hitherto been unable to avoia. AT THE SUMMIT OF POWER. On the overthrow of the Cabinet Thiers became President of the Council. ‘fhts was atter the gov- erawent defeat on the Dotation viii of tue Dul Nemours. Louis Philippe now reposed every con- fidence in Thiers and trusted everything to him. Soon after lis elevation Louis Napoleon made his second attempt on the French throne, and, in the proclamation tiat he brought with him to Boulogne, named Thiers as President of the Council. Whether he had any reason to believe that Thiers would es- Pouse his cause may be doubted. In the Chamber the Minister had hard work, but he maneuvered so France. He went to England, where he renewed lis allegiance to the Orleans dynasty, and, to do hi Jusuce, bas faithiully kept it ever since, IN THE CORPS LEGISLATIF. Permitied to return to France, M. Thiers soon appeared in bis old quarters at Paris, In 1863 he was ‘ted a member of the Corps Législatit for the Department of Seine by the liberal opposition, and remained a member till the overturow of tie Benapartes. He advocated the freedom of the press, the uphoiding of the Pope’s temporal sovereignty, tion of Foland and the Mexican war. tion to Na In his opposi- oleou ne frequently surpassed limseif in vigor and eloquence. At the time of the Prusso-Austrian war of 1866 he advocated French intervention tn behalf of Austria, but at the outbreak of the present war he strenuousiy Opposed an appeal to arms, deciariag, alter the batule of Sedan, that he did so because he was aware that the country was net prepared for a conilict. As ts very well known, he endeavored to interest England, Austria, Maly and Russia in bebalf of France, but failed. CONCLUSION. Such, in brief, is tue lustury of M. Thiers’ career. What policy he will pursue as head of the provi- sional government belongs to the future. ‘fhat ho will use his influence to restore tae Orieans dynasty is probable, but is not certain, if we are to judge by lis past career. He was, however, elected as an avowed Orleanist, and this lact may be steadily borne in mind by him, and tend to the election of the Or- leaus princes to the French throne, THE FRENCH ASSEMBLY. Debate on the Alsace and Lorraine Question. Declaration of Sympathy With the Population. Rochefort Protests Against the Wilitary Guard. Opinion of Generals Chanzy and Billot of a Defensive War. They Declare One Can be Suc- cessfully Prosecuted. TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HERALD. BoRDRAUX, Feb. 17, 1871. For the information of the New York Hguatp I report that in the National Assembly to-day M. Keller presented a declaration, bearing the signa- tures of the Deputies of the Haut and Bas Rhin, the Meurthe and the Moselle, protesting, on behalf of the inhabitants of those departments, against the separation of Alsace and Lorraine from Frauce, DECLARATION OF SYMPATHY, The proposal of M. Keller was referred to a com- mittee, who subsequently supmitted a report ex- pressing the strongest sympathy with the popula- tions of Alsace and Lorraine, and directing that the deciaration of M, Keller be spread upon the records of M. wulzot, his rival, excited the utinost and opposed the war for !tallan unity, the libera- | Pieee MM Oe military force aro ‘84 “he Chamber during the disq cussion upon the @ °'aration of M. Keller iy com mittee yesterday. ¥ ‘ A WAR oF pry YO PRAOTIOARLR, Generals Chanzy and Bm * 4h declared that @ defensive war could if nec *4tY be successfully prosecuted, LARGE ATTENDANCE OF DA’? UTIES, ‘The number of Deputies tn attemda' 200 to-day ox» ceeds 600, » PARIS. Members of the Diploniatic Corps Returning. The German Crown Prince Opposed to the Triumphal Entry. The Wationa! Guards to be Prov vided UYith Work, TELEGRAM TO THE NEW YORK HEGALD. Lonpon, Feb. 18, 1871. Through a despatch from Paris, dated on the lot» inst., am enabled to inform the New York HmRALD that many members of the diplomatic corps have returned to Paris, OPPOSED TO THE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY, Tho German Crown Prince Frederick William i Known to be opposed to the entry of the Germam army into this city, A PROPOSED ABSURDITY, The journals say that if the National Assembly con» sents to the d.smemberment the Parisian delegauon will protest and withdraw, A FINANCIAL MBASURE, Notes of the Bank of France for twenty franca, printed on parchment, have been tssued, and thosa for twenty-five francs are to be withdrawn. WORK FOR THE DLE. The Paris government intends to stop the pay of the National Guards and their wives and to provide them with work tn Its stead. DESTROYING HEAVY GUNS. A despatch from Versailles, 17th, says the de struction of the heavy guns of the forts 18 tn pro- gress, The drawing of the mines has been com- pleted, SHELLS MANUFACTURED IN PARIS, A million shells and a quarter of a million mitrail- leuse balls have been manufactured in Parls since the Loth of September, RETURNING TIANES. M. Rothschild goes to London to convey the thanks of the people of Paris for the contributions of food made by the tormer city. NO GAS. Coals are arriving picntifully, but there ta yet a@ gas, GENERAL REPOR7S. MOVEMENTS OF FRENCH TROOPS. Smallpox Raging in Northerm France. TELEGRAM TO THE KEW YORK HERALD, Lonpon, Feb. 18, 1871, My advices from Northern France, for the New York HERALD, contains the following ttews of in- terest:— MOVEMENTS OF FRENCH TROOPS. A letter trom Dunkirk, dated the 16th, says the ‘Twenty-second French Army corps has passed there ana will embark by sea for Bordeaux, SMALLPOX. The smallpox is ragingin the north of France, and ts especially violent at Lille, MORE GERMAN EXACTIONS. A despatch from Lille to-day says the Prussians have made a demand for the taxes assessed in the city of Sedan for the last quarter of 1870. The muni- cipality only acceeded to threats and were obliged to contract a loan of 210,000f. to satisfy the demand. Atan election held on Friday evening Company K, Ninth regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., elected Lieutenant Robert ©. Cable as captaim, amid much enthusiasm, AA TIFFANY & CO, UNION SQUARE, ARE RECEIVING DAILY FROM THEIR FACTORY NEW STYLES AND ARTICLES IN of the Assembly and referred to the French negoti- ators when they come to treat with Prussia, ELECTION OF M. THIRRS. The Assembly theu conferred the executive power of the government upon M. Thiers. THE ALSACE AND LORRAINE QUESTION AGAIN, M. Keller, tn a speech, adjured his colleagues to proclaim their inviolable attachment to Alsace and Lorraine, M. 'THIERS’ POSITION. A majority of the Chamber appeared disposed to delay the consideration of the subject until to-mor- row, but M. Thiers sirongly tnsisted upon its imme- diate consideration, saying, “The Chamber must on its own responsibility clearly declare its wishes upon this question.” NO DECISION. The Chamber went into committee on the motion of M. Keller, and the sitting was subsequently sus- pended, jort—A War of Defence skilfully thatit was diilicull to decide whother te bad & majority on one side of the Chamber or the other. He maintained the laws of September and caused the adjournment of the electoral and parlia- mentary reform. He was almost the sole partisan of Mehemet Ali in Burope, sustaining him in bis projects against furkey. The treaty of ay 1, which practically excluded France from the Euro- Pean Congress, concluded at big Insugation under Practicabie. BorDBAvX, Fed. 17, 1871. ‘The following events of tuterest occurred i the Assembly to-day: A PROTEST FROM ROCHEFORT. ‘M, Rochefort protested agaipat we digplay of STERLING SILVERWARE, DINNER AND DESSERT SETS, TEA SERVICE, FORKS, SPOONS AND FANCY ARTICLES, FOR WEDDING PRESENTS. Av A— As eo he 1 bd BALL, BLACK & CO., 63 and 567 Broadway, fovite attention to thelr large stock of WALTHAM WATCHES, and the low prices at which they are selling them. These watches greatly excel any overs made in this coume trv in finish, variety and in fine timekeeping qnalitles, and are far cheaper, quality and price fully considered. GOODS SENT BY EXPRESS, 0. 0. D. A.—Heermng’ Patent CHAMPION SAFES, %1 Broadway, coraor Murray straot. An Elegant Hairdressing.—Chemical Analy- has proved satisfactortly to tho world that OHEVA+ ERS LIFE FOR Til HAIR oombines the only sub- stance in the vegetable kingdom known to restore gray hair, atop its falling, increase ite growth. Sold by drugxists, hatr- dressers, fancy goods houses. An Infnllible Care for Coughs, Colds, Sore Throat and Hoarseness. SMITH’S patent Troches. Sold by druggists at 2c. Take no others. A Good Trade iy a Fortune to Any Mam, and Phrenology, as appited at 289 Broadway, wiil tell you what trade to learn. Aftor a Trial of Over Forty Yonrw= Dr. CHEESEMAN'S FEMALE PILLS bare proved to be the only reliable reme ty for correcting all irregularities and removing ail obstructions, whether from cold or otherwise. Explicit srestionsy Sad when they shou Lys be taken, with each box. Price #1. Sent by mail, secure from obser- Dr. C, Ly CHERSEMAN, box 4531 vation, by remitting to Dr. C. Post office, New York. Soid by ail druggists. Ab! Oh!—Dear Me, What a Headache Pve ‘ot! How foolish to suffer when one teaspoonful of WATTS* ERVOUS ANTIDOTE will instantly cure you! eAv-Hazard & Caswells Cod Liver Oil is tho rat. A.—Restorer America No. 1 fer the Hair The only clear preparation without sediment in the world that will restore color, disperse dandruil and cleanse the ‘ofeasor Chandler's report published April 3, 1870, reparation contalas NO LEAD or any other injurious metal, being the ONLY ONE tn the long board of of Health catalogue FREE from POISON, Prepared by Dr. I. J. O'BRIEN, 202 East Thirlieth street. Sold by all drag- gists. A.—Zoelaion Cures Blood anes, Con- sumption, Scrofula, Caacer, &c., after all other remedies have failed. Wholessie. JOHN ROGERS, 243 Peart strect, New York, Batchclor’s Hair Vyc.—The Best In the work! The only perfect dye; harmless, relia?le, Instanta neous, Factory 16 Bond street, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, Chilblains Are cured by GILES’ SUNFLOWER CREAM. Price 35 cenis, Sold by all druggists. Depot 189 Sixth aveaue, corner Thir teenth street, Diamonds Bought and Sold.—George C. ALLEN, 513 Broadway, under St. Nicholas Hotel. Golden Hair.—Robdare’s Avreoline Produces by two or three fi) te the beautiful golden color so much admired. Warranted not to destroy the hair, R. HOVENDEN & SONS, No. 6 Great Marivorongh atreet, Lon- don; CASWELL, HAZARD & CO., Filth avenue, corner ‘Twenty-fourth street, New York, Iden Hatr.—Use Barker's Gol FLUID for quickly ee WIL hair of color. ters Broadway, jt Mailed Free for 25 Cen tures on Nervous Debility, ediments, and discases ng ‘actuat scum, 745 Broadway, New kork. Whitman's J for the obutiSota'et HUDMUPG and ole tentig tremeet