The New York Herald Newspaper, January 1, 1871, Page 4

4 THE WAR IN FRANCE, The Removal of General d’Aurelle de Paladines, THE DEPOT AT LE MANS. A Conjoint Movement of the Armies of the Loire and Seine Contemplated. THE CAMPAIGN IN C3NTRAL FRAC The Army ef the Loire Attacked and De- feated—Brave Resistance of the French— Mistakes—Orleans Given Up—Paladines?’ Retreat—Removal—The Dividing of the Army. Tours, Dec. 7, 1870. The Army of the Loire has been compelled to retire before the enemy, and te seek safety by with- drawing behind the river trom which it derives its mame, and this event nas had upon France very much the effect seen in America when Hooker, in May, 1863, having crossed the Rappahannock with ® splendid army and every augury of brilliant suc- cess, found himself, within five days, again in his ‘winter quarters, he hardly knew how or why, for the operations are analogous in character, conduct and results. THE FIGHT AT COULMIERS, &s it drove Von der Tann from Orleans, seemed to have satisfled the ambition of the government for the time, and upon orders which emanated from the Ministry the army was placed in position on a long and feeble line north of the Loire, with its right at Gten and its left at Vendome. At the same time an intrenched camp was constructed north of the city and armed with guns from the naval arsenals, in pursuance of the plan that has ‘Worked so well at Paris. There were ninety- Mve of these heavy pieces, and they were principally worked by 600 skilled gunners of the navy. No one can doubt the wisdom of supporting operations in the field by works of this nature, They enable an army to recever from reverses that but for them would be great disasters, and some- times enable it to deprive the enemy of the fruits of victory. But however excellent in principle, this particular work in front of Orleans proved a deln- sion and worse than useless by the facility with Which it could be turned. All this was foreseen, and the government was warned that to put heavy guns there was to give them to the Prussians at the first reverse. OPERATIONS. The Fifteenth corps, under General Martin de Pal- liéres, held the centre ef the line. To the right ¢ ‘this was the Twentieth, under General Crouzat. Fur- ther to the right was the Eighteenth the command of which just before the recent movement was given to Bourbaki, and which was then advanced from Gtcn to the extremity of the forest of Orleans in front of Montargts. Immediately left of the centre was the Sixteenth corps, under General Cauzy, and to the extreme left was the Seventeenth, under Geveral Sonis. This corps had held Chateau- dun, but had been compelled by the operations of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg to fail back to the lune Vendome-Meung. ERRORS. Such was the order when, at the end of November, it was believed that a part of the Army of Parts was at Lonjumeau. This error arose from the fact that there were two towns in the environs of Paris named Epinay. One is on the north, and under the uns of the forts; the other is on an aiuent of the eine, fifteen miies south of Paris. It was learned at Tours that a partof the Army of Paris had reach d Epinay—it was hastily assumed that it was the nay near Lonjumeau—and upon this criminal blun- der the order given for an immediate forward movement of the whole Army of the Loire by Etampe: STUBBORN RESISTANCE OF THE FRENCH. Alreaiy some part of the right wing bad thrown forward tocome mm contact with th lett at Beaune la Rolande, when the gen Degan ou December 1. On that day the Fr : teenth and Seventeenth corps, comprising the leit | wing, encountered Von der Tann’s Bavarians, well | posted beyond Patay, between the villages of iionville and Terminiers, From these positions the Bavarians were driven without much fightin: with smail loss. The French held them the night of the Ist. At daylight on the 2d, however, they were attacked here with great vigor by a 5 Germans abundantly supplied with artill found themselves un: o hold the pesiti had taken the day vefere and retired towar leans. At Sougy, on the road frem Urieans to € tres, and between Arienay and Patay, a stand was made and a stubborn battle fought, paris of we Six- teenth and Seventeenth corps, which were beh having reinforced their comrades at that point. pattie here was close and bloody. General commander of the Seventeenth’ corps, ra regiment in tne fight, Was wounded and taken pris- oner. General Chauzy, commander of the Sixteenth corps, Was also wounded. The Duke de Luynes, of the Papa! Zouaves, was killed. Captam Montalem- bert, nephew of the orator, surrounded by Prus- sians, fought his Way ouG Suen was the character of the contest. But at night of the 2d the Germans had not carried Sougy. On the 3d the troc near Pichiviers, the General Pallieres, and the 20th General Crow aiter hard fighting grove them to Chul into and through the forest of 0: Prussians held at night on Saturday. with the Fifteenth corps, retreated upon Orie: Crouzat, with the Twentieth, crossed the Loire Jargean, and Bourbaki, with the Bighteenth, una! to keep his reiavion with toe Tweutcth, and ap: rently not seeing his way i upon the tacked, h corps, and the 1 W struction of hi south of the Loire Songy were Victorious fore u cooped up in the Hines 2 with a me r front, and Palle Orleans, which, co ing the position of Frederick Cuarles, were not for a | moment teuable. THE G AL BLAMED. He determined to lose Orleans rather than his id ordered the retreat. Yet upon this point roment had the bad taste and folly to inv puviie distrust of the skill and capacity of the com- | mander, by issuing proclainatiens frained to throw | the responsiblity upon the General, ody | but the commanding ¢ i J be held respousible for the results of military opera- tions. REMOVAL OF PALADIN! it is underswod that d'Aurelie is removed | command, and that tne Army of the Loir is reorganized by the creation of THREE GRAND DIVISIONS What will e divisions do? What will they have the opportunity to de? Doubtless the rus- glans will be here wiihin turee days, for 1! is hardly conceivable that they will not take helpless before tnem, and ture cannot but be very great. Yet th to be appreciated, and the governme in reorganizing on paper au army that cannot evem | come Wo its assistance. he moral effect of its cap- appears bot A Glance at the Recent Operations of the Two Armies—News from Prince Frederick Charles—Contradictory View of English Jourvals—Discipiise Wanted in the French Armies—The Trouble Among Parties. T have arrived here on the wing to get of, through telegraphic cemmameation, the earliest news in re- gard to the recent undertakings of the army of Prince Frederick. I have already sent tne FRESHEST PARTICOLARS received at the Crown Prince’s headquarters, half way by mail ane half way by telegraph. 1 ho e you | have received them. As usual, I observe by the | English papers that have arrived here not only the | nmiest Contradictory accounts in regard to the recent | sorties from Paris, but the most AWFULLY BLOWN STORIES about the two armies lately in presence on the Loire and in regard to the localities there situated. For instance, the sorties of tne French are variously set down to have been made by a corps or by 159,000 men, or by any number between those specitics Uons ; and the recent battle of Beanne la Roan is said to have consisted in the burning of that vi lage by the Prussians because they could not hold | i, Considering that | was in the village but three ays ago, after the fight, and found it but slightly damaged, I think I may say that such an account is shghtiy incorrect. The fighting has reatly dwindled down, generally, to insignificant preportions, con- sidering the numbers coufronted and compared to ‘the fighting in eur war by which we meant battles, In all the reports sent off from the theatre of war, even in those of the King of Prussia, it is invariably stated that the garrison of Paris or the armies of the Preach io the Heid are “entirely roused.” Strictly A NEW YORK HERALD, SUNDAY, JANUARY 1, 1871—TRIPLE SHEET. : Speaking, the facta do not bear out such a comment) for in those same reports we are told that only a few hundreds or a thousand at most, have been killed and wounded or taken prisoners. But, in substance, there is some show for the statements, because the French raw armies have not stomach for fighting to any greater extent against the Prus- sian regulars, and when they rotreat it is asign of loss of prestige and of want of courage to continue the biows, Now PRINCE FREDERICK'S COLUMNS are pursuing the French towards Bourges and on ‘Tours, from which the provisional gevernment must decamp very seon, if itis not doing so at this mo- ment, Ido not think thatthe French are in any mood for fighting this side of Tours, and am per- suaded that some time must elapse before they can be brought up to a stana tight. 1 have come to the tive comelusion, one which has hitherto been almest fixed in my mind since Sedan, that the French forces are now NO MATCH FOR THE PRUSSIANS. The latter think their chances, militarily, for the present all safe, and I concur with them. Where the Prussian trouble 1s, where they see it and be- come serious—and | am clearly of their way of think- tug in this, too—is that they have none to sign with them the peaceful terms which they desire—viz., the cession of Alsace and Lorraine, They see they will have to stay in France and hold it militarily a long me, for where 1s the government or the party upoa which they can rely, even alter a peace is signed. THAT'S THE TROUBLE, they all think and say openly. What will be the re- sult of the present active campaigning, of the south. Ward movements of Prince Frederick? Success, But the French will in their very nature always keep certain amountof plowing and sean which must prevent the Germans from quietly and perma- nently occupying Alsace and Lorraine. Such are the opmions entitled to some credit which I think as well to jot down hastily and send on toyou. The trouble With France is ‘that the VARIOUS PARTIES are all ripe and prevent her sons from being united. France ts very far from being a unit. She is a house divided against itself, Consult the newspaper reports and telegrams and you will have proof daily of it; but I, who have just travelled throughout a broad section of the country, talked with lord and peasant—all classes—for information. 1 have not only been made aware of their differences of opinton, but 1 have been at some pains to com. pare the two forces—the two peeples in their present warlike attitude arrayed against each other. THE MEN COMPOSING BOTH ARMIES, The German soldicr and man is tozgn, serious, strong, intelilgent and disciplined; the Frencn soldier is weak-lookiny 10 physique and intelligence, small, frolicsome aud with a devil-may-care swing which ignores that restraint meant by military discipline. The generals are net to be compared; the French, above all others requiring management and leading, have simply none, As fer the French people, they are lia and consequently wear a most se- rious aspect; but at bottom 1 have found them equally as garrulous and extravagant in their cal- culations as if they had not been the recipients of the terrible lesson. Imust close, ana expect from headguarters a report of the latest news to send you by telegraph if possible. FROM LE MiNS TO MONFLEUR. Movements of Trnops~Trochw’s Aide-Gam- betta’s Meddling=The Evacuation of Rosco Honfleur Defence of the ¥~-Yrance and ed States—Madne: Hon UR, Dee. 8, 1870, Leaving Tours at midnight on the 6th inst. by the first train which was permitted to depart since the 2d inst., T arrived in Le Mans at four A. M. This city was nearly deserted of soldiery and the only life was brought by the tremendous influx of officers, con- tractors and civillans whe embarked on the long train upon which I was a@ passenger. Communica- von was re-established at the same time with Vierzon, Bordeaux and Nantes. THE DEPOT AT LE MANS was asightin more than the literal sense of tne word, in one salle @atten‘e there were many soldiers fatally wounded in the recent combats about Orleans, being tenderly cared for by the Sis- ters of Mercy, and in another hundreds of ladies and babies who could not find shelter in the city and had torest the night im a miserable, carpetiess and frigid public room. Travel is so cheerless, so uncomfortable now in the North, West and South of France that no epicures or amateurs should venture on any neediess excursion. Thousands of ladies and children are going to England or Belgium by every train, and measures are even taken to buy horses and all the equipments of road travel. This exodus comes from the panic-stricken muititude, believing in the eariy overthrow of the French arms and the occupation by the enemy ofall theimportant cities in France, All troops have been moved from and are now probably in supporting dis- ce of Paladines’ army. There ts no danger of a ‘lous movement on this city at present. AN AIDE-DE-CAMP OF GENERAL TROCHU arrived from Paris yesterday and passed the night at Le Mans, and he assured every one that the mili- tary situation 18 splendid around the invested capi- tal. It is believed that this officer ts charged with a high mission, relative to a conjoint movement of the Armies of the Seine and the Loire, and that ef- forts will be made to crush the miserable dissensions recently existing at Tours, GAMBETTA IS STRONGLY BLAMED and bitterly criticised at Le Mans for removing K¢ratry and accusing Paladines. Oficers even told me that Gambetta had sold France to the Frassians. Vendy is acommon word among the French soidiery here. THE BARRACKS OF LE MANS are abont deserted; put I notice a great quantity of railroad material aie | the route, The train left Le Mans at six A. M., making A nat ten P.M. Alencon was apparently with- th here, as at Le Mans, I found vast of rolling Singulatly enough, I regular oilicers, apparently of long ser- vice, coming North, and it 1s my beilef they are des- tined for the w HEDLY 0} IZED MOBILES OF THE ARMY OF THE NORTIL Bavre. All atong the route there seemed to be two movements of treops—one direction being toward Tours, tae other toward Honfleur. {t is jonght that the largest body is flowing toward vre. ‘ne celebrated lace manufactu ALENCON as usual, and this prosperous ittle town of yet been seriously distarbed the mvaders. Brothers orga wounded. R EVENING 1 found the city af 3.009 Mobiles—fine, st Strong, well-built and confident men. he town, I visited sev 1 satd that TATION OF ROT the garrison was disgracefal They Were lond, emphaite and gle tor Havre. T’ THF BY and the flight of beyond mea indignant against the commanding general, and said they had only to be bravely led and htelli- ge .tiy man@uvred to make a tine display in any baile, TL belleve is true, ‘The men are weil armed, bearing ¢ Chassepots or Remingions, seldom Sprinj and if they mean what the: say they “med: business.” veat pity to see such tie material so po dl, orgaui ALMOST A DU! Coming here on the train I bad a serious alterca- tion with a Well meaning but badly informed | Frenchman, and this inctdent shows the singular sensitiveness of this people now. He spoke at large of Prussian atrocities, of American pretended syin- pathy, and denounced all cerrespondents as mendaciyus “ink splashers.” I took the liberty of calling the gentleman to order, He grew emphatic and abusive, and I intimated that oercion must be applied or else he must stop his unpariiamentary farago. I am giad to say, for our mutual self-preservation, that the geutieman, not unknown to French politics, re- ceded from his elevated position. and at the next station we concladed a treaty of peace with a botue of wine and a good breakfast. A HERALD CORRESPONDENT ARRESTED AS A SPY, In rambling through the town I me! a gendurie, with whom [had a casual conversation, meaning | nothing more than @ brief pleasantry, About two hours afterward 1 was accos posit d with great pom- by this officer and my papers were demanded. assented, There was along examination; grave suspicions Were entertained; It was then thought to be alj rigut; there was @ revelution in the brain of the gendarme, and after his vacillating judgment Was sufticiently reposed Lwas declared to be en régie and au jail, 1 have found that # few francs do @ great deal in this coun! At Lisieux, as elsewhere, the crowd is moving to- Ward the North. HONFLEUR, Alighting at the station at one A © . Esought a r bed in vain. A bundred o ans did the sume. None were to be tad, because, at this writ- | Ing, Honfleur contains 40,000 soidiers, who have sought this extr seaport of France. ‘ Franc: Ureurs, ecloireurs, mobiles, Garde Nationale, sen denuiaire, marines and gendarmes filled the stre¢ the railway station and all houses, public or pri- vaie. In railway mothers with young infants were required to spend the night tn the salle @atiente without tire, or, indeed, any comforts, THE SHIVPING AT HONFLECR is at this moment quite valuable. I saw five full-rigged ships, in fiue condition, — put evidently not prepared for sea. Their top- masts were down, sails were not bent, the vessels were not loaded or baliasted, and the tout ensemble seemed to say, “We do not fear the enemy.” Besides these vessels in the busin there are mamy other minor craft—barks, brigs, schooners, Sieops, smacks and several steamers. It is not be- Neved that the Prussians wul make any reqatsition on jhe home shipping, thougt Wb Ls feared that acy with the officers about the forthcomng strug. | may demand Sronenors to move their troops along ‘the Seine, and uct @ sort of MISSISSIPPI WARFARB against the two banks of the river as far as tt 1s Ravigable. With good reason, this is thought to be one of the ovjects of Manteutfel’s march on the northern shore, ‘THE PRUSSIANS, eight thousand strong, were at Bourgachart this morning, and are pressing on at the | en Pos sible speea to Harfieur. The roads, however, are rutted and frozen, making the approach difticuit and progress slow. Ido not believe Hondeur will be defended, It cannot be. Taw CITY, 10,000 inhabitants, 1s commanded by sony ovari008- ing bluis, and it would take but a few broadsides from these positions to produce great confusion in Honfeur. Honreur ts valuable, ina military view, only as one of the kevs to Havre. You may expect to hear of its speedy surrens Tt isa curious fact that the towns and cities of France susceptible of tne strongest iortification have been neglected, and those not naturally weak have been environed with ramparts. Boats are running regularly from Honfleur to Havre and to Caen, and thus fur communication 13 not impeded. Regiment alter regiment leit this morning for the other shore, and tue men had kuap- sacks on, guns in hand and ali ready for the forward movement from Havre, The citizens complain of the conduct of the Mobiles a good deal, and owners of the first ca/és would not permit soldiers to come inside the door, but supplied all demands from the threshold; all this [saw. Prices are one-fourth for soldiera—eat- jug, beer, wine and travel. UNITRD STATES AND FRANCE. An officer, who, I believe, has some foundation for the declaration, told me to-day that Gambetta would cede the port of Cherbourg to the United States for a naval station, giving with it the citadel and @ good siice of the peninsular upon which it is situated, with lasting guarantees, if the United States would undertake the immediate settlement of the Alabama Clalins by war, He said the govern- ment hoped by this means to inveigle Russia into a Continental war when England would be occupied with America, and in the complications that would follow France would be joined by her natural allies, Ausiria, Italy, and now Spain and Turkey. Prussia, leagued with Russia, would then be the first victim from her own exhaustion, THE LUXEMBOURG QUESTION. Opinions of the London Press on the Subject. The Saturday Review considers “we are bound to guarantee the possession of Luxembourg to the King of Holland as Grand Duke, exactly as we are bound to guarantee the independence and neatrality of Belgium. Although no other Power came to his assistance the King of Holiand might perhaps call supon England to aid him im defending him in the possession of his Grand Duchy, and England would be legally and morally bound to defend him in his possession, although no other Power would hel Our only excuse for not interfering, then, to help him would be that we were physically unable; that we could do him no good—Luxembourg, unfortu- nately, not being a seaport—aud that we should do ourselves an infinite amount ef harm. Austria would be exactly in the same position a8 that in which we stould be, and Austria, while admitting her obligation, might allege, with some degree of plausibiilly, that though she was bound to help Beigiam or the Grand Duke she could not do so without exposing herself to the risk of utter ruin, But when itis a question nov of waking away Luxembourg from the Graud Duke butof violating its neutrality, then, according to the interpretation of tu@ government Which Concluded the Treaty of 1367, England would be absoived trom all respon- sibility by the mere fact that the violator was one of the signatories, If Germany, passing from words to Geeds, Violates the neu railly of Luxembourg, we also sitail theo be free to act.” ‘The Speciater hoids that it is our duty to declare at once that we will net permit the violauon of tue Treaiy of is6i; that Frauce has been weakened enough by the war which her own taalt brought upon her; and that what we guaranteed, believing at the time that the guarantee would need to be put in jorce, it at all, ag against Feauce, we will hold to us against Prussia, Who, if she Wanis territorial accessions besides those she demands trom France, wants what it would be Tatal to the peace of Kurepe to concede. Ergland must take her stand some time. She is solemnly pound to stand by Belgium. But, Luxembourg Nielded, it will be very aificult to stand by Be gium, and far more gitiicuit to get aid from France. ‘The dismemperment of France 18 a great evil to Surope. But this isa feature of an entirely new kind. itis, we presume, meant to test the mettie and the courage of the neutrals. If they give no siga, Germany Would at once feel that sue may do p pleases, in case of conquering Mrance. ono’ interfere to save a neutral territory we have guaranteed, though it is only coveted as & new threat to France, we certainly shail not interfere to mitigate any terms Germany may choose to impose. The crisis is one in whien the neutral Powers are called upon to oppose a firm front 10 @ Most cynical agyression. England, who ought to lead the way. D 8 “that the Oreach of neu- jon of sympathy lor the French by the population, atfords no justii- cation for the course the Prussian goverament has taken. pect and to guaran- tee the neutrality of Luxembourg Was not given by Pre to the Grind Duke, but to the great Powers who, at her instance, entered into that collective guarantee. The utmost the Prussian ‘nment Wouid b@ justitied in doing would be to demand an intervention of the Powers to prevent in the fucvure Violaiions of the engagement of neutrality by Lux- embourg prejudicial to its interests. But it can allege notuing of the kind. At the moment this cir- T Was written any sympathy the inhabitants of Luxembourg mignt have felt fo ce Was neces- sarily barren. By the occupation of ‘Thionville the Prussian government had rendered it impossible for French sympathizers in Luxembourg to give the se the siightest help. Why, then, was sent forth? @an there be any doubt as to the reason? Count Bismarck wished to gratify German feeling by the humiliation of the English government. if that government has answered him alter the fashion whieh delights the Temes he hes fuily attained bis object.” ENGLAND. The Postponement ot the Alabama Gricv- Auces a Binader, The Pall Mali Ga @ of the 17th has the following on the Alabama claims:— ‘The hostility of the United States 1s the true key to the position occupied by Great Britain, and’ we puid stand a great deal better with the world if y acknowledged it, ‘Those among us who ug their hardest to put some other con- acy than England most of them admit, if Would speak fr hat the consideration rich reconciles them to turning the otuer cheek to bism 4 ter one has been smitten by their conviction that if we bold step forward on the Buropean political Count stage tie icans would take a8 at a disadvan- lage. The great error of Euylish statesinanship is unqnestionably its tendency to tude the «ifiiculties winch arise with the Un the heip of the expedient which comes first to ha But it 1s + and an wthmate revuil invited, the en Onice eddies with European pol- mains wn- y committed Mabama grievances, we can never what the F rican will advance. Even the English Foreign OMice might be forgiven for not having lookea for- ward to a renewal of the fishery dispute. Tue true policy i8 nevertaciess to solve all, American. contro- post ponem versies a8 rapidly as possible, and by any issue rather than none. f tually followed has been the ve When the Alabama y wor clatras had } when the Dominion of when our American zoned by a weak mi viers put it, uot auotier territories w litia, there re u faalt to be guilly of. dixtion. from the London Ex. American Ri The following extract is aminer ot the Lith Let us say all that has been sald, including much i ight not to be said, for repudiation. It 1s as- that no generation has the right to pledge the fruits of the iabor ef a future generation, and that accordingly posterity, not having made the promise, 4g not bound to fulfilit. Itts a suficient answer to this argument to remind those who bring it forward that we ave merited not only the Habilities, but also the assets of our ancestors, including among the latter many advantages altogether beyend price. Another arguinent very frequently used may be stated thus:—"The persons who subscribed the loan ota betier terms than they would have done had there been no risk of not being repaid. The United States obtains its loans on worse terms than our own country, not because i iS less able to repay them, but by tion as to willingness tw pay is lished as ours. The lenders, therefore, having been paid for taking the risk, have no just eause of com- piaint if they lose tueir capital.” This argument would equally justify a person setting his nouse on fire, because ineuranee companies are obliged to charge a higher rate than would be necessary if ar- son were a thing unknown. A tradesman who gives credit must, 10 yet the same profit’ as others who do not, charge an enhanced price sufficient to cover the amount of his bad debdis. Would this justify his customers in refusing to pay him’ for the goods they had bought? We think not. Another mode of attack on the just taterests of the fund- holder 18 frequently “adopted by those who have just enough acquaintance with economical science to make them confident without being accu- rate, The fauds which were contributed,” we are told, “were taken from the circulating capital of the country; and the fund from which tae laboring classes receive their remuneration was diminished by the whole amount lent to the government. The capitalists, therefore, were repaid by thelr saving in wages, the working class having borne the whole of the expense; and so far from being aggrieved 1! they are not paid again, tn escaped bearing their fair share of the repayment.’? ‘There is suficient truth in this statement, inexact and irrelevant as is 1t3 conclusion, to make tt worth while to point out the inadequacy of the premises to prove the desi onclusion, though sufictent to establish” princy which we hoid to be of great F naa wad likely 4@ attract much attention tn wee Y THE ETERNAL CITY. Causes Which Led to the Disturb- ances at the Vatican. Viotor Emmanuel’s Speech—Prayers of the Faith- ful—Friends of Pope Pius and the Popular Leaders—Republicans vs. Sanfedisti—The Clerical Journals and the Public Schools—The Fostival of the Immaculate Conception. Rome, Doo. 10, 1870. Now that the fight at the gate of the Pope's palace has become an event of the past, everybody 1s in- quiring whose fault it was, and the liberal and clert- cal journais are equally loud in accusing their re- spective political antagonists of planning the en. counter and putting it into execution. Leoking at the case dispassionately, we may attribute some de- gree of imprudence to the Pope’s partisans, in the present state of public opinion, for having given such needless publicity to their iatention of turning what ought to nave been a mere religious observ- anee in honor of the Immaculate Conception into a politioa! demonstration in favor of the Pope-King. After the ranting exhortations of the clerival organs mm the press to excite the Sanfedist party, it was Ratural that the extreme opposite party, the ultra liberals of the Borgo district or Leonine city, headed by Tognesti, brother of tie decapitated blower up of the Serristori barracks, should resolve to prevent the proposed demonstration, which, in the words of the Imparziale, was to show Europe that ‘the Pope has party in Rome, and a strong one.” The fact of the Borgo people having gone armed with knives and hatchets to the Piazza of St. Peter's, and the circumstance that the only four persons wounded in the fray at all sertously were all Papal partisans, show that violence was originally in- tended by the former ratior than the latter, al- though the actual provocation of the first blow was given by one of the Papalini. Cardinal Auronelll, who witnessed the exciting scene from a window of the Vatican, whence nearly all the piazza was visible, told the diplomatists who attended his Friday reception on the following morning that great praise was due to the Italian officers and soldiers for their prompt interferences by which the tumult was quelled at its outset, His Eminence briefly but correctly designated the affray a8 an encounter between two adverse parties, adding, however, that the assailants’ intention was to prevent the religious demonstration of the day. ‘The Cardinal’s eulogy of the Italian soldiers was not undeserved, for since their occupation of Rome their discipline, politeness and prompt execution of duty have been universally recognized. They ar- rested some of the most active rioters, among whom was Tognettl, now & capo-popolo, or leader of the mob in the Borgo district. Laterin the evening a crewd of Borghigtani collected before the police ofice of that district, demanding the release of their chief, but the police delegate, Sernicoli, and the Questor Berti, who arrived just in time, warned the people to disperse peaceably and at once, as justice would be strictly administered to all parties. The Oficial Gazette of last night briefy mentions the affair as arising from ‘party ire,” and states that four wounded persons were taken to the hospital and some rioters arrested. The same judicious but firm tine of conduct was observable yesterday evening in a tumult arising out of the riot of the preceding day. Crossing the Via Frat- tina I was surprised to tad acrowd blocking up the adjoining Via deila Vite, Which street was guarded by soldiers and police at all its outlets. On inquiry Iwas informed that the people wanted to hoot a noted Papal officer who had taken refuge in a house in the Via delia Vite, but that the soldiers were there to protect him. The officer was Colonel Az* zanesi, of the First Pontifical regiment of the line, who had been designated by the Tribwno journal of that morning as having headed a charge of Caccla- lepri frem the Vatican against the people in the skirmish ofthe preceding afternoon. The Colonel, in consequence, proceeded to the ofice of the Tri- duno, situatea ‘in Via della Vite, to obtain a rectifl- cation of the statemeet, which he denied, aitnough he admitted having been at St. Peter's during the row. Colonel Azzanesi had been recognized on his way to the ofMce, aud wile he was discussing the wording of the rectification with the director of the journal a crowd had collected belore the house eager lo get possession of his person. The director sent at once to the neighboring versagliert barracks. A detaciment was soon on the spot, and while the sol-tiers were = pre- venting the premises from beimg invaded by the mob the Colonel was got out of the back window by a ladder, and so escaped through the court to the Via Frettina, where he got into a carriage unnoticed and drove first to his own residence and then vo the railway station. The mob, tired of waiting to see the Colonel made prisoner, dispersed quietly at the police deiegate’s intimation and the bersagliert's warning trumpets. The principal event within the Vatican Palace, in a purely religions point of view, on the 8th, the festival of the Immaculate Concep- tion, was the publicution of a decree by the Cardinal Vicar, Patrizi, Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, and a circular letter to the episcopacy, inti- mating that “Our Most Moly Lord Pope Pius 1X., wishing to satisfy the requests of nearly all the Catholic episcopacy in the Vatican Council, had de- clared the Patriarch St. Joseph, husband of the Vir- gin Motner of God, to be Patron of the Catholic Chureh, so that through hts protection she, agitated by innumerable calamities in these lamentabie umes, may serve the Lord In true liberty, when once all obstacles and errors shall be destroyed.”’ His Holiness has in consequence ordered wnat in future the festival of St. Josep shall be observed as a “double first class fi It 1s stated that the Roman deputies mean to pro- pose, when the discussion of guarantees for the Pope’s spiritual independence coines before the Par- lament, that the consideration of the ques tion shail be deieried until the trausfer of the Parliament to Rome, as being a lo- ce more upted to a debate of such a pecul abure, nul prepared by the Minisury for the transfer of ihe seat of government demands eight months’ tine and 17,000,00) of lire If some of the religions corporatt. localiues are made use Ol, and 36,000,008 if those localities are left intact. ‘The Min.ster Sella wanted the delay notto pass six Months, and Signor Ratazzi, now head of the Var liamentary opposition, but no doubt eager to return Wo the direction of the Cabinet, wail, it 13 said, pro- pose that the transier be immediate—mn the course of next January—making himsel powsiple for the execution of the p! sted that a compromise wiil be effec! © passed for the transfer to be made in four or, at most, six months. Tue Koman municipality, desirous of preparing a suitable reception tor Vic Emmanuel, recently re- quested the Koyal Lieutenant to give them positive iaformation asto the perioa of his Majesty’s are rival, The reply obtained was that the King will be here on the id of January, by which time the royal residence in the Quirinal Palace is to be ready and the preparations for tie festivities complete. Royal spe 8 are often reduced to such insigni- ficant phrases that the couniry to whom they are addressed, through thei representatives in Parlia- meut, learn very little of the intentions of govern- inent from then. ‘This has not been the case with Victor Eimmanuei’s speech to the Senators and De- puties assembled for the first time in parliament from the whole Italtan peninsula, His Majesty ex- pressed his joy at having carried out the programme of his illustrious father by unifying Italy and making Rome her capital. He justiy aaded that Italy being now united and free, it depended only on the lialiang themseives to render her happy and great. He de- plored the present exterminating war between two enerous und friendly nations, and stated that italy had fulfilled the obligations of strict neutrality, Allusions to fluancial and administrative require- ments followed. But the most interesting part ef the royal speech was that relating to the transfer of Une capital and the conditions ef the definitive occu- pation of Rome. The King said piainly enough that the capital must be transierred at once. “We shall remain in Rome,’’ said he, “maintaining the pro- mises we have solemnly made to ourselves, liberty of the Church, full independence of the Papal see in the exercise of ite religions ministry and its rela- tions wita Catholicism.” “This deciaration is more important by what it leaves unsaid than what it says; for the oft-invoked measures of conctltation are now ignored, and the representatives of the Church are made Eon omaiie for the obstinate re- sistance 80 iucompatibie with the moderation and piety incumbent on ministers of theChristian relig- ton, Victor Emmanuel has judiciously made no more mention of a possible modus vivendi, and Italy has only now to prove ake without offending religion or fatling jn respect for the person of the Pontin, she has suffictent vitality and elements of prosperity to achieve @ satisfactory national career, even with- out the friendsnip of the trreconcilabie ecclesiastics, ‘The religious sentiments of the Romans, who are still Mege to the Pope, and stil more, the fervent feelings of the devout ladies of Rome, have been strongly appealed to of late by the Pope and Cardi+ nal Vicar.in the publication of invitt sagri in honor the festival of the Immaculate Concep- tion, which was celebrated this morning, with Jess imposing solemuities than last year, in the Sixtine chapel, by his Holiness, who admitted the members of his court and household, and such devout Romans and foreigners as had obtained tickets from the major domo, to witness the cere- mony. In the diferent churches dedicated to the Holy Virgin a pious asseciaticn of ladies have Been engaged in unceasing prayer from seven this morn- ing until five in the evening, ostensibly and undis- Gulsedly to obbule Saw fe Madeuns the restorayon of of Pius [X. to the enjoyment of his temporal throne, ‘The clerical journal, /mparatale, of to-day, declares ‘that ever since the promulgation by “the'holy and beloved Pontiif"’ of the dogma of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary a lively faith and plous hope have prevailed among the faithful Ro- mans “that Mary has in especial protection the venerable Pontiff, her own Pontiff, who, in the eyes of the world, added the brightest star to the royal diadem of the great Mother ef God, and that she will not leave this Pius to weep long over the calam- titles of Zion, nor permit the holy old man to close his eyes without first beholding the triumph of the Church.” Similar language, held for some Ume by clerical journals, and some contident expressions of the Pope, himself, to encourage Catholic vicitors. at atigal had led to a superstitious idea that Plo been assured of a supernatural intervention of the Madonna, and that a miracle wrought by her would deliver him of his Hallan oppressors and restore him to full tem- pared domtuion and civil sway on this very day, {ne festival of her immaculate conception. In concordance with this supposition an imposin; demonstration of Pa) was tohave mei on the Piazza of St. Peter to shout homage te the Pontiff, and a spontaneous and universal ilumina- \ion ef the city was to demonstrate to the world, in the words of the Zmparziale , “that the Holy Father has.a party in Rome, and that this party is strong.” Unfortunately for the success of these projects the weather has been so intolerable all day, and is still 80 this evening, that both the demonstration and the Miluminations necessari), led in flasco. There was, indeed, an attempt ata meeting under tne colonnades of St. Peter’s about three o'clock this afternoon. The entry to the patace around the gates of the right hand corridor, leading to the Scala. rewind was crowded with individuals, who certainly di not all belong to the same pal to sapirel, and push and belal ‘uimbrellas—harmless weapons with which the rain had necessarily armed them, but which were not the ovly ones employed in the mélee; for a Russian gen- tleman whem I met coming hastily out of the crowd told me that he had been tempted to force his way forward, expecting to get into the Vatican, or see the Po} r something interesting, but that he had tp prick of a stiletto in his side, and wished to know whether the wound was dangerous or uot. I convoyed him, ag he seemed a perfect stranger in Bome, to the hospital of St. Giacemo, where there are always. surgeons on guard, and left him in the hands of one of them, hoping, as he did Not seem to suffer mucn, that the injury was slight. He described the struggle as being between parttes favorable and hostile to the Pope, amd no doubt the republicans were there to smash the Papalini, but had it even been otherwise, and the weather had invited @ more numereus attendance of clerical sympathizers, the police authorities were prepared wo prevent them from becoming too damonsirative. It ig stated that the learned Jesuit astronomer, Father Secchi, has been ordered by his spiritual su- Periors to resign the chair of professor of astron- omy in the new university, which he had previously accepted, the fact of the adherence of so distin- guished a man of science to tne new educational régime being considered by the Jesuit Fathers as unbecoming the principles of their order. The clerical journals deride the new government 001s, and state that the scholars inscribed—about 500 in number—are more thar: half Jews, The radical Journals, on the other hand, laugh at the Jesuit devotees for collecting remnants of the stone escutcheon of their order, chiseled off the fa;ade of the Roman Vollege, to make room for the arms of Savoy, and expecting that miracles may be wrought by such precious relics, The Roman municipality 1s not yet in very har- Monious working order, which ts to be regretted, as niuch of the future condition of the city depends on that body. The Council ls divided into two parties— one old and slow, the other young and active. A reconciliation between them and the adoption of a phe programme in the great work of enlarging and improving Kome are hoped for, if Prince Doria can be persuaded to accept the office of mayor of the city. The archeological interests of Roine are likely to be well looked after in future by the Commendatore Rosa, who since 1860 nas directed the excavation of the palace of the Cresars for the Emperor Napoleon. ‘These ruins are situated on that part of the Palatine Hill cailea the Orti Farnesiani, wich the Emperor purchased of the King of Napies ten years ago. The property has just been bought by the Italian govern- ment, and as Signor Rosa has likewise commenced the excavation of the Roman forum, the topographu- cal relations of these important parts of ancient Rome towards each other will soon be laid before ‘the students of such interesting questions, GERMANY. ; for they soon began Fr each other with Count Bismarck’s Projects. A Frankfort correspondent of the London Daily Telegraph says:— To-day I have recetved a curious and letter from an officer at the German headquar- ters. Among other items which he mentions is one which eminently shows the care and fore- sight of the Germans in their determination to provide against any possible contingencies, The complete project of a war upon Great Britain was planned out as exactly as that of a war against France, long before the present struggie commenced, Count Bismarck, my correspondent states, was urged by South German delegates to take the present opportunity of mediatising all the kings and princes, and making the unity of Germany Prussified a Jatt accomplt. But he withstood the temptation, although the German republicans offered him all their influence, as he chose rather to reserve a pretext for keeping open action for the time when the Austrian Germans shall be ripe—as it is sup- Vance they soon will be if Magyas’ influence is rought to bear upon them oppressivfiy, of which many people think there can be ittie doubt. Count Bismarck recently said to a great German re- publican who was preaching the infallibie necessity of a German republic sooner or later, “My dear sir, Tam a republican, but the time js not come yet.” MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN ITEMS, interesting ‘The Belgian government has eutered a protest with the Great Powers against the annexation of Luxembourg to Prussia, The Salut Public saysthat the distress at Lyons has reached a serious extent, owing to the complete Stagnation of the silk trade and the severe cold weather, The London Observer says there {s no foundation whatever for the statement of the Daily News,’ that M. Gambetta had opened negotiations with the Ger- man headquarters for the conclusion of an armistice. tis reported from Vienna that arrangements for the purchase of Luxembourg have already been concluded between the German and Duich govern- ments, Fifty Frenchmen, seized as hostages for the Ger- man merchant captains, arrived at Frankfort on the 11th, and on the following day were ton to Bre- men, They are composed of counts, marquises, barons and wealthy coinmoners from the district of Dijon. The ministerial crisis in Holland has heen for a Moment suspended by the acceptance of the resig nation of the Minister Roest van Limbur. His suc- cessor is Van Muken. The Levant Head says that the trade for the re- construction of the burnted part of Pera has at iast been Issued. The Pali Mall Gazette says:--‘Information which is believed to be trustworthy has reached tis coun- try that the German Confederation can command the services, iP case of need, of 60,000 seamen, a very large number of whom are now serving or have served and have learned their business in the Eng- lish mercantile marine.” In the Hungarian Delegation, December 16, Count Apponyi urged that a war budget should be yoted, as treaties were being set at nought and a. ming was everywhere going on. He asked for information respecung the stores, armaments, &c., and the gov- ernment promised to reply to-day. There is @ great deal of floating a) in the Elbe and navigation 1s thereby impeded. On the morning of December 13 the thermometer marked tive ae- grees below freezing point. The Levant Herald believes that a loan is on the Point of being concluded, with the special object of making provision for, and punctualiy discharging, the ltabilities of Turkey. It is understood that the Imperial Ottoman Bank and several leading bank: ers will take portions; the amounpis £2,300,000, and the rate of interest, exclusive of commission, tour- teen per cent per annum. The Berlin correspondent of the London Telegraph writes:—"'The empire scheme has found but little sympathy. Those who think it worth while to say anything at all about the matter regret the loss of the Kings of Prussia, whose wondrous onward pro- gress has been associated with the name of their bleak, bare, beloved country. But the majority do not trouble themselves about the matter.” The Spectator says the French armies are now real armics, commanded by real soldiers, who know how to act when they are worsted—are armies which fight at least as well as Bazaine’s at Gravelotte, and sometimes even better. Under the discouragement of recent defeat and the most depressing weather they hold their own in the face of a quite equal enemy. Their morale is no longer dependent on mere geod spirits. They fight like men who trust their general, and wko mean to ight in bad fortune as well as In good. There 18 a decldedty improved feeling noticeable in the market for this property during the month, in which the operations have been larger than tn aay other of the year, The demand ts very good, anc at the close there are several orders pending for large and medium sized vessels of good class. The offer- ings of desirable American tonnage are quite small, indeed not equal to the demand, and snould Congress so alter the existing Registry laws as to enable ug to cover foreign tonnage & spirited bust- hess would tndoubtedly ensue, principally in iron botioms, The sales of the month were:— Tonnage.| Where Built. ‘Amount. 1,626| Waldoboro, 1556, 1,0) Medford, 14i8..... 000 ‘si: |Fairhaven, 1860 7,000 471| Fairhaven, 1X64. 20,000 537 | Baltimore, 1662, 13,450 856) New York, 1660. 8,000 rig Eaatern Star, ‘a8! Long Ieland, 1 8,000 echt Kandy Hook 125] New York, 1870. 12,000 ~The total amount of sales of ship property (soa going vessels) at this port for the year pow closing fvots up only $710,000. : © IRELAND. Roman Catholic Sentiment Against Protestant Church Disendowment. Christian Charity and an Improved Fraternity— English Politicians Deceive All Parties—How the Feudal Relations Mar Legislation— “Tithe Gathering” to End on New Year’s Day—The Maynooth Cole lege of the Future—A New Class of Priests, “Toa ~ _ DuBLiy, Dec, 14, 1870, Will you believe it, theré are Catholics among us, and their number is by no means small, who com- plain more bitterly of the disestavlishment of the Church than the Ulater Orangemen. itis only now that they are beginning to feel the effects of the change, as, since the bill became law, things have been allowed to remain pretty much as they were, At the beginning of the year we may expect a great “tir,” for then the provisions of the bill will come into operation and the Church will virtually be dis- established, MOVING CAUSES. Your readers may ask what reason have tay Catholics to complain? Are not the Protestants the only persons who suffer by the bill? Was it not intended to benefit the former and to deprive the latter of an unjust ascendancy? The Catholics cer- tainly thought that they had obtained a great boon, while the Protestants imagined that all was lost. The fact is, both parties have been partially de- ceived; the Catholics not having obtained so grea an advantage, nor the Protestants having sustained So great a disaster as what each at first were led to suppose. As regards the Catnolics, I may say that disestab. Ushment will not put a penny in their pockets; on the contrary, many are complaining that it will be a serious loss to them; that it will have an injurious effect upon the Catholic religion and upon the country at large. A few days ago 1 was speaking with a country gentleman who was strongly of this opinion, He said that, although a Catholic, the fail of the Protestant Church, for the next five or six years, would be a serious loss to him. His case, no doubt, is a peculiar one; but hundreds of others are circum- stanced ina similar way, s0 that what he told me will explain how a large number of persons are af fected by Mr. Gladstone’s Church policy, He had, he told me, three farms, for which he paid nelther tithes nor what is called “rent charge,” nor auy sum whatever, towards the maintenance of the Pro- testant Bstablishment, THE LAND QUESTION COMPLICATIONS. It is an important fact that the owners or holders of land, purchased or rented since 1834, are not bur- dened with tithes, In that year the late Lord Derby, who was irish Chief Secretary, made some very un- portant, and, to do bim justice, some very juaicious ulteratuiovs in the ecclesiastical system in Ireland. Seeing that the Irish people were resolved upon re- sisting he payment Of Umis rate, and iaving the fear of the frightful massacres at’ Newtownbang and other places before his eyes, the Chef Secretary abolished ten bishoprics, initiating, I may almost say, tuat policy of disestablishment which he opposed With such abliity aud pathos in the last speech of his pubic life. But he did more than abolish the ten bishoprics. He changed the odious name of “uthes,’ Which had almost driven the people mad, to the mulder, but cer.ainly less intelligible, name of “reat charge,” and the “rent charge” was henceforth to be puld by the tenant to te landiord, and by the landlord to the parson. THE CHURCH MILITANT IN THE OLDEN TIME. Before Lord Derby took this vexed questuon in hand the clergyman collected his own tithes. He usually rode o0 horseback, Or, If not on horseback, 1n his Carriage. Whenever any danger or opposition Was apprehended he was certain to be accompanied bya ee retinue, olteutimes by a crowd of soldiers and bailif_fs, who were ready to enforce his orders with the bayonet or the sword. But | need not now enter into a disquisition on *tithe-gathering” in Ireland, or detail the blood-stained scenes by which it was accompanied, That cruel custom is now, or will be tn a few days more, at an end forever, and the soouer ail recollection of it is iost the bette MODERN INTERESTS, BUT NOT APOSTOLIC, In this way my informant tola me he escaped the Payment of tithes. Tue existence of the Protestant fstablishment, theretore, as a State insiituuon cost him nothing; neverticless, he Was auxtous that re- ligtous ascendancy should be overthrown. But, as [ shall presently show, the disestablishivent and dis- eudowment of the Church are likely to have an etfect upon hita which, had 1t peea fereseen, would, I uuink, have cooled lits ardor tor religious equality. What reason, l asked, have you vo regret une dis- establishment and discudowment of the Protestant Cuuren? MAYNOOTH COLLEGE. Well, said te, & Son of mine aus just entered May- nooth, aud the course there is rarely jess than six years. Every year he speuds there will, I caicuiate, be to me an expense of filty peunds or sixty pounds sterling, independent of books, clothing and other necessaries, The Rowan Catiolic bishops heid a conference lately, ana if 1 mistake pot they decided that every student should pay to the college for board and lodging tie sum of forty pounds sterung. Several ef the prolessorship3s are to be abolished, and fur the future the education of the, drish priesthood will neither be so general nor so superior. The proiessors there, in my opinion, showed that they cared very little for tie success of their institution, when, instead of commuting, like the clergy of the Protestunt and Prespytenan Churches, they preserved intact their life interest in the college. They appear to have no generosity or disinterestedness, no interest in the success of the eoliege, no regard for tne maintenance of their successors, The Condition oi the latter will, | think, be wretched enough, aud, oi Course, the conditivn of the stadents will be proportionately miserable. On the whole, 1 am strongly of opinion that May- nooth has had its day, and that it Will be a very in- ferior edueationat institution for the future. J think that this ee is most correct, and that {t is the opinion of the vast majority of Imsh Catho- 4 If te Protestant Church 1s Uisendowed so 18 the Catholle Coliege of Maynooth. It has lost the annual sum of £50,000. So long as it was in receipt Of this income no student was necessitated to pay a single farthing, during his six years’ residence, to tue college. On the contrary, for four year out of the six each student recetved £20 per annum tor his maintenan But tus is stopped, and the student, as | Daye said, must wow depend upon lus fataer or his guardians. ‘Lhe diseudowment of Maynooth, however tightly thought of at first, 1s certata, as every one now sl vo have an injurious eject apon the Catholic religion in ireiand. ‘The expense of educadon under the new arrangements is very ut compared with what It was and the number of candl- dates for the priesthood wili be, comparatively speaking, sual. A SEW CLASS OF PRIESTS. The priests for the tuture will be a different class of persons from What they were in the past. Only the wealthy classes, or what are called the wealthy classes among us, wiii henceiorth be able to educate their children for the priesthood. Hitherto persens of the lowest grade in life and of the smailest means could, with little aiMculty, give a boy in syme local academy as much knowledye of the elassica as enabled him to pass the preliminary examination in When he entered there he was no longer any ex- ense to his parents or guardians; bat now, when fe becomes an inmate of that once ‘royal’? estab- lishment, the real expcases of his education areonly beginning. This will undoubtedly be # great bar to many aspirants to the ecclesiasitcal oflice. Their number, in my opinton, will scarcely be one-tevtia of what it was. The Irish priesthood henceforth may be drawn from a more wealthy and respectable class, but it will net ve more zealous, more learned or betier qualified for the discharge of the priestly functions, ‘Time alone will tell whether the change ts jor the better or for the worse. BOTCHING THE BRIDGE BUSINESS, The latest “put-up job,” in the form of a fat coms tract, has just transpired in relation to the Central bridge, which crosses the Harlem river at the south- ern terminus of Central avenue. It appears that the bridge 1s in charge of a mixed commission, composed of residents of New York and of Westchester county, and, it having been found necessary recently to replank the structure, the Commissioners living in New York, without having consulted their colleagues on the other side, awarded the contract for the work to a certain party at $15,000. The nature of the {Job’? May be at once comprehended when it ts stated that responsible parties mm Westchester county were reauy to perform the work tor $3,100. Owing to the circumstance that the $50,000 eriginally appropriated for the construction of the new tron Delage over East Chester creek at Pelham has all been expended, while the work stti! remains in an un- finished state, the Board ef Supervisors tas remaved the ola commission and appointed @ new one, con- sisting of William H, Brown. of West Chester; Andrew Finlay, of East Chester, and H. H. Robert- son, of Morrisania. A* aaditionul appropriation of $1,000 has been mae to complete the work. peer cana ANEW NATIONAL BANK. A financial concern, to be known as the First Nite tional Bank of East Chester, was organized at Mount Vernon on Friday evening by the election of Corne- lius Corson, President; Major Stevens, Vice Presi dent, and ——. Murray, Cashier. The institution, Js Tatidorstood will oomatnenoe operacions at oe Of ' capital of Siac oak of which sum, it is api