The New York Herald Newspaper, December 14, 1870, Page 5

‘ment ‘of the great general principe tional ft to. NEUTRALITY. | Anniversary Celebration of the Historical Society. Brilliant Gathering at the Academy of Music. Addresses by Charles Francis Adams and Governor Hoffman. One of the most brilliant assembites ever witnessed ’m New York collected lastevening at vhe Academy of Music under the auspices of the New York Histort- cal Society, who thus celebrated their sixty-sixth anniversary. It would be diMcult to conceive a more select or influential guthering. Theology, medicine, law, engineering, commerce—all were amply and ably represented, A full orchestra was engaged for the occasion; ené as the sweet strains of music swept through the bali the features of the ladtes appeared to grow brighter and brighter, as tough barr ony even more than speechmaking was a mat- ter for their special intereet. The platform was oc- enpiead by an array of learned gentlemen, among whom were the Rev. Dr, De Witt, President of the bociety; Right Rev. Bishop Potter, Rev. Hl. C. Potter, of Grace church; Rey. Dr. Vinton, Rey. Dr. Bellow, Rev, Dr. Osgood, Dr. Morgan and Rey. Dr, Thomp- son; Chancellor Crosby, Professors Hitchcox, Morse and Wetmore; -Judges Daly, Cardozo, Blatchford, Campbell, Ingraham and Woodrum; Generals McDowell and Santord; Peter Cooper, 8. B. Onittenden, Lyman Tremaine, William * Cullen Bryant, Mr. E. Stoughton, David D., Field, James Stewart Brown, E. F. Delancy and a number of others, ‘The chair was occupied by Dr. De Witt. After a short prayer by Rey. Dr. H. C. Potter the Chairman NEW YORK HERALD, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1870.—TRIPLE SHEET. that the popular feeling in Framoe was too strong to | the mistake, but his affiliation had been with the | mate right Ar wt pensessed | opposite interest ter of being the common carrier for the the sud be resisted. Had that unhappy onief only part of civilized world, was the courage te seize the singie moment of concession MONROE'S MISSION, uy made the vicum of the ery which might have saved the national honor, too | and tt tarned out not much betier with the next | #loms of each ty m its turn, Mr. Jeffer- Taxbly compromised, and aeeernet the perce | choice hat wasinade, Washington meant it for we i haa by succeeded to wer. for his people, they might, indeed, im their anger | pe: He looked carefully among the public men, His disposition was strong to maintain in Nave pu.ied him down froin his high estate, Butim | and his eye rested upon James tok ‘aman dis- | this respect the same genera! policy pursued by his such a fall, attended by the preservation ef bis country, he could have earned a praise much higher Uhan ever attended his days of power. Instead of which he now stands before our gaze a8 desertin Nis post en the frat great disaster in the fleld, au flymg for safety to lay is head in the lap of the enemy he had provoked; and trom his princely prison he has the leisure to comprehend hew chance and fate rule exclusively over the distracted coun sels of Le people he has betrayed, and to observe how the wheels of the conqueror are steadily rolling over the necks ef the mnoceat community be bas ruined. Verily, verily, pusilanimity like Uns shal: ‘tnd its condemnition im the most humillating page ol the record of the nation, THE TROUBLES OF PRESTDENT WASHINGTON, With this iiustration of the portenteus natare of the responsibility inseparably attached to the Ex- ecutive agency of a State in its foreign relations, I now return to the consideration of the position of Washington wh 0 he was summencd by the great uprising in France to decide for the infant govern- nent What position to (ake in the complications visioly to emsue, He had already taken care to cull to bis councli two of the ablest and best qualified statesmen that the great struggle for liberty had produced, the only drawback to whicn Was the mis- fortune that they scarceiy ever could agree. The one, absuncdiog in capacity, leanea to speculation and t.eory, to which be sorght to accommodate facts; the ether, equally gifted, preferred to view the facts Hirst, and te them accommodate his theories afterwards. The drst had a synthette, the ether an analyte mind. The former would have beea best fitted to preside over a socieiy of distinguisied hilosophers, the latier's province would have en to marshvl armed squadrons on the bate tletield. Yet between these twe discordant elements {0 was the peculiar faculty of Washington to be able to educe trom each most valuable contributions te the regulatiioa of his decisions. ‘They nover served him better tan in tae present emergency, His (rst step was to em- bedy his objects of inquiry in the form of sixteen questions, and to submit them te the consideration OL his Counsellors, This was en the Isth ef April, 1795, On the next day wi four of the Cabinet had got sO far as (o unite im on answer te the first, which was an essential one. It ran in the following words:—‘shall a procla- mation issue fer tho purpose of preventing interferences of the citizens of the United Staves in the bn | between France and Great Britain?’ Tho next qlestion—whether the Minister Known to be on his Way out as a representative from tie new republic should be recetved—ivas also unanimously agreed te, And hore the President was fain to stop, for the epposing forces Jetfersen and Harmilton, fell into such diltereoces upon the remaluing questions that 1 Was weeks before they got tavough their ex. positions. This was of no consequence, as from the made a few remarks, complimenting the orator of the evening. THE BON. CHARLES F. ADAMS ‘was then introduced, and spoke as follows:— LADIES AND GENTLEMEN—Yon have honored me with an invitation to occupy @ position which hag been successfully held by many of the mest eminent men of your own State, and also of other States, I Accept it with distrust, not less of my abiilty to Teach the highest standard attained by them than by reason of my disuse of the havit of public speak- paz. It 18 not easy for one long obliged to school mself to the.ruie of saying as little as Possible to be heard out of doors, te make a0 immediate transition, and ex, with freedom all that he may think upon a given subject. Yet I confess I know of mo stronger temptation that could have been offered to me to make the effert than this, a8 weil om account of the kind feeling that appears to have prompted the invitation as of the lumate opening it affords to the indulgence ay. favorite line of speculation. I propose, therefore, without further preface, to enter at once epee subject; te devete the brief period to Which L hope to confine my call on your attention to the consiaeratien ef a single topic in tne past history of the ceuntry. I refer to the estab interna- law—that a nation has a rig be neutral in times of war if it so pleases. I think the world owes the practical adoptien of this FHatipie mainly to the lung and paintul struggles ef the government Of the United States, The government of the United States, at an early period of its existence, laid down thls principle for @ cardinal maxim of Policy, Weak as it was Protec iis oer ane rolected on land only by fae insulation, 1t deliberately advanced the doc- ie that neutrality in all ware was tis right not Jess than its daiy, Mr. Wheaten calls this right “dncontestable.” To which I can only reply that for lod of nabs f years—quite a fifth of a cen- tury in our history—it was not ouly contestable, but contested, and toward the end establisued only at ‘the cost of war itself. TBE FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION, We ail know how matters stood in America at the time when the constitution was pied. The revoluttonary struggic had been over six years, but ‘we were neilner happy nor quiet. Liberty was ‘fast Fanning into license, aud law was yielding te the stern dictation of despairin; Boverty. It was at this moment that the remedy for these evils was voiunt devired, and Washingten was summoned by acciamation to preside over the new experiment. It was soon seen that 1t was werking like a charm. Aided by cminent counsellors, the marvellous o/f- spring of the grand confict for our rights, iudustry revived, and commerce once more pressed forward its ventures on the ocean. Thus passed the greater pee of the first term of Washingtou’s administra- ion, Peave prevailed over the land, and although grave diilerences oi opinion were developed in re- gard to many detalls, they served rather to kelp perfect than to impair the ultimate working of the machine. 1t was just at this moment that a great catastrophe took place far ey in foreign lands, which shook by its force all the oldest sovereignties in kurope and for a time materially endangered tio edifice jast raised in America, It 18 scarcciy neces- sary tosay that Llus Was the great revolution which overthrew the Peanpyt in Fraace. The question then pressed upon the altentiom of Washington Low this sudden phenomenon was likely to bear upon the new machinery he had been selectea to put tm motion, Upon the executive particularly devolved the establishment of relations with aatlons abroad, What was he to do in the complications which were already Making their appearance all over Europe? ‘Lhe case was a diflicultone. Me had tins tar been called to do little in that way beyond organizing a formal diplomatic service abroad. The question would soon come up Im the shape of eaveys sent directly here. For such appications he must be at once prepared, And bere jet me for a moment stop the thread of my subject to make one onser- vaiion upon the peculiar respensibility which rest3 upon the head of @ netien in its relations with external Powers. It is of a nature which can never be shared by the people at large. Colicctively, a people feel mers than they rea.on, and they are never m @ condition te act af once. They are, moreover, particularly prone to be swept by sudden passion towards war, especially if instigated by the cunning devices of plausible leaders. It is comparatively as easy, therefore, for a demagogue to stimulate them to a fatal course Qs itis dificust for a -tatesinan, in limes of excite- meut, to preserve & power of restraint which will secure @ happy result, Hence it fellows that, ace cording to tle course of a public man placed ina position of the highest responsibility, 1s he to be heid worthy of honor if he controls the teudencies which may be fatal to their weifare or be condemned if he weakly or wickedly lets them go on to their destruc- Uonr A SUGAR PLUM FOR SEWARD. You have still living withtu the borders of your nobie State one citizen to whom I trust i may ven- tare in passing to aliude as fllustrating the point I desire tomake. When, in the fearful struggie from ‘which we have happily emerged, @ gallant naval oRiver, zealous to distinguish lis leyalty, ventured upon the bold step of seizing @ vessel belonging to a provd pation then in a state of peace with all the world aud taking trem her by force twe men jusily odious te our people by their share in the rank trea- son which conspired to overthrow our government; and when the authorities of that natien, eppealing for the firsS time 19 tue very doctrines ef neutral rights Which it had ever before beem our duty te matuiain agalust her when she was & bellixerent, formally demanded of wus reparation for tne imsule aud the resteration of those odious men, from one end of ute country to the other the loyal and the patriotic, oblivious of the honerable record of the past and mindful only ef the opportunity for preseui vengeance, New to the precedents which belligerent law could furnish to deiend the act, called with one voice for the highest honors to the brave oilicer Who did the deed, and Ansisted, above all, upou the retention of the traiters at any hazard. Bach was the'passion of the hear, tat it invaded even the most elevated station, and prompted hysi approbation trem the nead of the depariméit rind sell. Jt seemed as if there was no chance left of escaping @ coliision in which the united voice of ail civilized nations would have justly pro- Hounced us in the wrong. it was precioly in Lhat crilical moment that the statesman w whom T allude, caim in councl, sagacious in action, and feariess of censure wien an emergency was to be met, was calied upom te pre- pare the response in behalf ef the govern- ment. He dejiverately assumed the respensibility Of adtcring te the precedents so homorably esiab. lished in earlier times, and of recommending a re- traction of the errer and & gurreneer of the men, aud his decision was finally adopted by the Presi- Gent. Ido not feel tbat lain exaggerating wien I clalus Tor thls courageous resistence to the imiatna- Mon of tie hour that it nes omly was correct in priiciple, but also that it saved the eamuty of tne nation, The two men were surrendered. They for uwiih feil Inte @bscarity, and are now buried in oulivien, Where are they how? Who knows, i will add, who cares? Yet it was for the pos: elon of twe such men unjustly taken that we ei untered the most perilous hazard of the war. If the ilustrious statesman who saved us from that dolly bad never done another service to his country | once actermived to mak in tins iile, for that alune he earned, though I knew not witellier be will receive, the undylag gratitude ‘of bis coantry. A HOT SHOT FOR THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON, So much for one kind of responsibilty. Shail 1 reverse the picture and point out amotherr Yes, Lovk at France, bleed!ug and desperate, enduring the last agony of national mortification. Who is it that has cone this deed and suddenly plunged hor from the height of presperity se low into this avyss ? Behold the man aiming at absolute power by perjar, and traud, yet fully condoned by the general sut- frage of a tue facile people, instead of fulfilling the iain duty of his trust, the preservation ef peace to happy tend, plungmg headleng inte ceniict with a neighboring Power upon a deub:iul issue in th? sovereignty Of a counuy ever wich he held no owor, The pretence fox this bagurdous plep Was one answer he at once laid the great fourdation of his ogg A brociaimation was immediately drawn up and issued on the 22d of April, 179. ‘The sube stantial part was in these words:— Whereas, it anpears that a state of war oxists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britaln and the Netherlands on the one part, and France on tho other theduty and interest of tho United States require’ they should with sincerity and yood full adopt aud pur. sue a conduct frioudly and impartial towara tha belli- geren t Yowers, (I have therefore thougnt ft, by the sents, to declare the disposiion of the United stati serve the conduct aforesaid towards those Powers rvepec- tively, and to exhort and wara the citizens of the United Btates carefully to wvold all acts and proceedings whatso- ever which may 10 any manner tend to contravene such dis position. Itis te be particularly observed that throughout this paper the true object for which it was issued Was not declared. Thero 1 po collective generaliza- tion, the true word for which was neutrality, At the subsequent session of Congress, which met on ‘the 2d of December, the President in nis message communicated to both houses the fact of waat lie had done, and transmitted a copy of his proclama- tien; but in that Paper, too, It may be seen that the word “neutrality” newhere appears. Sucit juggles about werds have mot been uncommon tn our history. i ¥RENOH INTRIGUES, ‘This impertant step was not taken 4 bit tee soon; for now the pinch of a severe struggle im bchalt of what had just been done was at hand. It was well known that a diplomatic envoy had been commis- ed by the new Fremch republic and was on his erica. ‘The President had been advised Oabinet to receive lim at once on his ar- val; but netther he nor they tad any idea that the chief object of the new mission would be te break up the very poilcy just formally pro- claimed. The chief directors of that changmg era ot French politica were leoking to this country for aid in their confict with the other Powers, and es- pecially on the ocean, where they were conducting an unequal fight with Great Britain. To that ena they had, in appeaiing to the old ainance of 1778, meditated to propose some form of convention by ‘which, im cousideratien of au exclusive privilege of trade in the ports ef each other, Making @ practical monopoly of their carrying trade for us, we might be tempted to enter into a union which, however it might be worded, must inevitably bave made us la the end & par.y to the war. This scheme was net altogether il contrived. The Popular current iu tavor of France was at the moment running mountain high all over Arnerica, and even in the Cabinet ef Washington it had its roost earnest sympathizer in the person of Mr. Jet. ferson. Though honestly in favor of preservin; neutrality a3 leng a8 possibie, he held doubts, ani net without good reason, of our ability to preserve it against the superailious 1il-will of Great Britain, and, in the event of a rupture, his disposition led hum to unite with France. Neither was Washing- tou himself by any means averse te this policy un- der certain limitations, A good field was, there- fere, fairly open to the labors of the new envoy at the mement it was announced that he had landed from a French frigate at Chariesion, in South Varolina. Mr. Adams then, af length, displayed the aim- cules into which the government of Weshington were plunged by the conduct of the Envoy of the French repyblic and the unfriendly attitude of super. cillous indifference assumed by the British goveru- ment, He continued:— JeUN JAY. At this critical moment Washington, whe had been closely watching the rise of this tide which vhreatened an early close to his cherished poll at a fiual effort in its bela. He instituted a special mission to Great Britain, and, in order to be sure of tis agent, he nominated an eminent citizen of your own Staie—John Jay, then Chief Justice of the ready the Court, and, perbaps, the man in all the United States who bas come out of the fire of party trials leaving the most spoules: name behind ng Tt was a stroke of policy, the foree of which roused from its apathy even the Munisizy of Great Britam. The; ast showed signs of a conception that 1b would be betier to concillate @ Power which, however tnsign!fcant they might gard it, tt was folly to make a cyispaw 1 the hands of France. They, therefore, became as amiable ox sthey had been indiferent. Phe consequence was natu. ral. Wien this happens the style of correspondence jomediately changes. From beimg long and ob- jectless tt becomes brief, sendiy, and to the point. A treaty Was svn made, aud the policy of neutrality Was once more saved. Of the merits or deiuverits of this famous treaty I have no mitention upon this oc- casion to go into a general examination. itis open to criticisin in some details, and, ab best, it cannot be ranked among the triumphs ef our diplomacy. But in the siugle view in wiitch i am considering it DoW, #8 connected with a new system of interna- onal policy, its value caunot be exaggerated. itres- cued the country from @ slough in Wnich it Was sink- ing, and where, but for that, it might have floun- dered for the next twouty years. ‘The treaty was signed. But what a spectacle tollowed | Poor George Washington! Be had had troubles and discouragements manifold, eapectaliy at Valley Forge, He had faced many a Briush army on Long Isiaud, at White Plains, at Monmouth, and at Brandywine, and often with but dubious results, but never before had it been his fortune te meet With such @ storm as this, Aiways before he had to meet is enemies and these of his ceuntr, Ww ib Was to mech his friends and those who “venerated him, hut gave him no rest? mM one end of the country to tle other, on the receipt of the detatis of the treaty, there rose one general acclaim ol in- dignation and remenstrauce, Never was ihere such eager intercet to understand the particulars of a ne- gollation, aud never since has there been so elabo- Ungalshea for service im the percinnenenay ar, then @ Senator from the State of Virginia, of sober mind, but yet understood to be sanguine in the ulUmate success of tue yreat movement then in Progress, Mr. Monree accepted the trast, and Immediately repaired to France, But Mr. Mon- roe, being in no sympathy with the administra- Hien, fell lato the error of construing bis ivstructions as he wished and not as they were intended, The pohey of Washington befero the negotiation of Fay’s tieaty, and while (here was danger of arap- ture with Great Britain, was to do all ne could to cultivate a iriendly relation with France, ‘To that end he expected Mr. Monroe to adopt a Concllioiery deportment which might epen the way to an ulti. mate alliance in case war with Bagland sheuld prove inevitable, but in no Way to commit the country or hold out any hopes in advance of a departare from tue established neatrality, But Mr. Monvee opened his career With a public demonstration of ols sytm- Pathy with the mew ;égene, avd went on as if he regarded @ breach with Great Britain cev and he had nvining to do but to prepare the French authorities to seize the tirst mement to clese some snch alliance as it hud been the ovject of Mr. Genesis iwission to secure. This singular pro- ceeding had the effect of reviving their hopes, then nearly extinguishe?, Whether the public Manifestation of this change did or did not have an ect in quickening the moyement ef the British Cabinet, then engaged in fegotiation with Mr. Jay, ib is not po sible te say. ut the fact is certain that Lae Dews Which followed of tue conclusion of Uthat treaty filed Me, Monroe with consternation aud tae Directory with disgasl. Very naturally they jooked to him for explanations of the reasons why he had misled them so inueh, and he found it hard to give them good ones. But he suc: ceeded so far as this, that they acquitted him of all bla id threw the whole responsibility apen lis government, ‘This line of separation Was & dan Grows one to draw, and the toleration of tt by Mr. wnree lmpiiei @ slate of feeling in kim by no means suitable to his place. Whether he went 80 far as to jusuly their tipression it is not my provinee to determine. But of course he received orders to return home, Not discouraged by thts second wn fortunate issue of his efferts, Washington felt a, to make still a third attempt to conciliate ¥ e Tho treaty of Mr Jay had cut off all remaining chance ef shaking the neutral poilcy a3 it respected England, so that he ‘very naturally hoped tha, mstead of indulging fur- ther indignation, she would ses (ae Wistom @a ber snide of regaiaing her held upon American sympathy by an amicable reception of suck a repeated over. ture. So he appointed Charles Cotswor.a Pinckney to the task of correcting the mi of his prede- cessor and bi rea the two countries on tie am. cient basis. But ne, TH PIGHEADED DIRECTORY. The Directory had taken thelr bent and wero determined to loilow tt at att hazards, Indignantat the treaty of Mr, Jay, and fully aware thar Ceneral Washington’s great hold on tie affections of America was on the eve of withirawal by his voluntary retirement froma office, they pre-e ferred to try their chances to restore their Influence by 8 shaping tier policy as to make no terms with the parly In power and to co-operate to the utmost io the efforts of the opposition to overthrow it, It ‘Was in this spirit that they began toact on the ar- rival of Mr. Pinckney. To Mr. Monroe they con- tinued their studied attentions down to the last mo- ment of his stay, and they honored his departure by @ public ceremony, in Which the chief director made @ parting address of the most laudatory kind. But they as steadily refused to take the smallest notice of Mr. Pinckney. 1t wasin vain that he ap- plied for @ recognition of nis credentials, both directly and through third persons. Tue Directory was blind and deaf aad dumb. For two whole Months was this game kept up. Mr. Pinckney, wheily unprepared for so extuordinary @ course to a diplomatic representative, was afraid to act without instructions until he at least received official notice from the Foreign Secretary that in accordance with ® law lately passed expelling foreigners he must forthwith quit the terriiories of France, Meanwhile the mission of Mr. Adeb, the third envey sent outto the United States since the Revolutien, had been suspended, The young Napoleon was jusi then beginning his career uf victory im lialy, aud tie Directory felt as i they could afford to be arrogant. ‘The reason as it respecied the Un ted States was the English treaty negotiated by Mr. Jay. Aware ofits unpopularity jo America, they hoped still te bo able to make it a fulcrum by which to overturn the policy of neutrality which had always been the object of their attacks. Washington, weary with contention but firm in purpose to the last, had now gone out of power, and the first thing the next administration was called Meet was this deliberate insult to the dignity of the nation, Under ordinary circumstances the natural course would have been deflance, and upon the happening of the first overt uct of hostility a de- claration of war. But this was precisely what 1¢ lad Seen the ateady purpese to prevent. So it was deemed best to call Congress together for consuita- tion, and to make @ still third effort at reconcil- jatiom by the agency ef a commission composed ‘of three persons distinguished for character as well as moderation. These three were Charles Cotes- worth Pinckney, John Marshall, of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts. Chis tourtn effort to save the neutral pelicy by establishing a recon- ciliation with France alse failed. No withdrawal for tue negotiation with Great made, Bowain report 0! ail the proceedings. fience the exposure ‘Talleyrand, aengone by the letters of X. ¥. Z. ck to Europe and became notorious of it, ‘Tuis Was a3 unsuspected by and thelr Secretary a3 It was unwel- enchmen are more genaitive to the sulous than to the wickedness of a transaction. ‘The publication had the fect in America of rallying the whole people to the support of the government. ‘Tne scheme of charging Ue administration with the co-operation of the epposition was dissipated; for everybody was ashamed of being suspect to favor such scandalous doings. The alternative was war, and accordingly tor war Were all the necessary: » paraiions made, Washingion was called back from his retirement to hedd the army, and the navy was put on & Looitng ab once to Bully out for ofien- sive a5 well a8 defensive operations, Tne President, in bis Message to Congres laying the {acts before them, Jeit a single openiag which, .f properly used, might bring matters back at least to a possiblity of reopentag negotlation, and of this Talleyrand quietiy put dirmly took advan- tage. He accepted the condition deciared to be m- dispensable to it, aad complied with tt. GOveriures Were indirectly made to the admimisiration, the acceptance or rejection of which traposed a very ouerous @uty upon it. Notwithstanding the strong current of popular feeling which liad set im for her, the President, assuming upou himself the entire responsibility for the step, decided to put trust in their sincerity So far a9 to originate another illu- Si This was all that was necessary to ey" France, And the blunder was redeemed. Chief Justice Eulsworth, William Richardson Davis and William Vaus Murray were @t once appoinied to re- pair to Paris, and this time the gates were left wide open to receive trem, Not & word of vilence about the British treaty. Not a whisper about money. Napoleen Bonaparte had become the First Consui of the republic, aud the supple Minister ui tood that conciliation was the policy. The consequenco was atreaty, and the American right to eutrai in the wars Of Hurope was for the turd Ume rescued lu & Moment of ils greatest danger. THE FRENCH TREATY. nd this treaty is not only memerable en this account, bub for another reason. it retrieved ine great error which had been committed by us ail tie way back ithe first treaty of alliance, negotated betore we could be called mdependeut, I mean the treaty with France in 1778. Conscious 9s ovr com- wussioners then were to got the assistance o! so great & Power iu the severe strugyie for jiberty, 1 is not surprising that they should have omitted to Cea the force of every word mit. Hence when France came forwara and pro- posed to guarautes qn her part to the United States their liberty and their possessions, as they should be determined in America by the issue ei ti it did net scem very much on her part tes We should in our turn guarantee te her ail the pos- sessions she might have m America at thé same rate popular discussion of {tin the newspapers and | for tie slipping in Of ene litte bit of a word which upon every publie platform. The literature con. | yeb means so muck that tt does not become us nected with that treaty now fills velumes uy Hi. | BOOK, feeble, Anite beings to play with it ab ran- braries. Everybody knew all about it better than | 20M. This was the word “lorcver,” and wuen Mr. Jay or all tho Cabinet. No President since | PUt after the word ‘guarantee’ it signified no end Washington conid have stood that blast, aod even | Of obligation, lt was like piacing @ figuye ono in he shook umder it. Washtnaton replied in a | &rithmetic beforo @ sew hunared valueless ciplors, letter so mobile that oo ene of bis ad- | @Xceptthatin this case there 13 4 limit and in that lulrers. Would) wih to see a single | pierce is jone, Jo pyued J¢ Most serious ebstacie word changed in it [ta ving for o the settlement of the altfelenées, atid it Was éx- yemalng Jor application jn ait time, Eyen in tho heat Hatt Mon SHE IE did inuch to rally he Shine of many who began to comprehend (he value of the object that he had staked so much tosecure. That object was ‘the preservaiioa of peace aud the right to maintain it irrespective of luternecine struggies going on tn ail the werld beside, The chief points of difficulty With Great Britain had been diaposed of for some time atleast. Washingion had (riumpisedoyer the belligerens spirit of that portion of the people who were rushing into war, aud now he was a).¢ to turn his atteation more closely to the task of re- uniting the brekem thread ef our relations with France. Great was the responsibility, and nobly @id he brace himself to it. And this was no eaay matter, For things had been much complicated by the mistakes that had been made en both sides by the respective envoys. The tirst French envoy, Mr. Genest, bad mixed himself with the lavernal politics of the ceuntry to Which he was sent, Mr. Fauchet, wuo succeeded him, had done even worse, for he had succeeded in implicating the successor of Jeifer- son, as Secretary of State, in transactions, the du- bious character of which made thac officer’s resig- hation inevitable and his own retreat expeaien on the otier band, General Washington's se.ec- tion of Gouverneur Morris to go to Paris had not turned eut much ever. In ordinary times, ‘Wren the moss that would be required of a minister is to make himself acceptable to the gevernment and society, 10 eae would bave been more tli than he, The dificuity was Dot that he had not made himself acceptable at tho Court ef Louis VXI. it wasjust the opposite, He had become too acceptable, aud the consequence was that whea the internal rapture he- tween the crown and the peovle took place le was found plunged deep in the counsels of the former. OF course 1¢ followed that when the republic tri: wnphed he was no longer ef use, and there! re he, too, was recalled. Itis a singuiar fact how often m our diplomatic bistory this peculiar @diMenity has been developed. Even Mr. Jefferson, who had pies ceded Morms, had in bis time noi sltogewuer avolued pinged at last only by consenting ‘to abandon the just claims of priyate citizens for the pluader of their property oa the high seas, which suey haa Tisked upon thelr coniidence that their ewn govern: ‘Thus it turned out that the iittie word with a big meaning, “forever,” was redeemed at the end oi twenty-three years, and at the millions of dollars drawn from t persons, many of them made peor by tne loss of It, aud it has never been repaid. Lthink 11 cannot be denied that this to the government was @ bargain cheap aa dirt, If there be at this ume any unsettled claims on foreign governments for depredations on private property at sea, of a similar nature, which under the insugation of political ambition may be nade the pretext of » war costing @ thousand foid their amount to the country, 1 take the liberty of Tespecifully poluting out lo the proprietors tha Cangerous nature of the presentexample. Let tiem beware ofa peace negotiated on the basis of a ces- sion of terciiury Nortit and Souta at their expense. CONCLUSION. Hut time wears, and | must hasten to the end of Ty story, The principle laid ci v lad now been saved three times, a reasonably been hoped that afveravards tue country Would be permitied to adhere to it free from iurther molestation. So far was this from the actual traia that & mew struggle Was tnen t#ipeuding, which for & time sunk it comp eiely out of sight, AS the war of Ht ad waxed hotter and hotter, as Napoleon acqui @ sway over the Continent, whica was Ouly balanced by the correspending growth of Britisa power over the water, ail notions of respect for any neutral rights became fainter and fainter yirench decrees and British orders in councti vied with cach other inthe ierocity with which tuey threatened vengeance against all who claimed a right to wade with their enemies. ‘The details of this unparalicied state of things are too familiarly known to need to be dwelt upon at tls ume, The Wolted states, wil iad u lexill- of her attempts to plunder us on the ocean, and no moderation in ber offensive demands of satisiaction were In this emergency the admmistration had no alternative bus to submit to the world a compleie of the clandestine operation of three emissaries of date, All this might Lave been well enough b + | ment would protect them from wrongful violence. ' rice of about ton | estates o1 private | Predecessor, and to which he had given his assent 48 an adviser of Washington. Gut the dilemma was | Painiuione, His love ef peace prompted the en- lire withdrawal of the commerce ef the country Irom the ocean, which was equivalent te a surre’ der for the time of the whole question at issue, tis he had been more compelled by nece: created by his nezlect of the maintenance growth of a navy, withont the protection of which neutral fights on the nigh seas Were not in that day likely to gaia resnect. ‘The embargo which lolowed Was a public confesston of weakness, justified only Dy aeceasity, THE WAR OF 1812, The war came. It was deliberately declared by Us, and I have never been able to doubt 10 necessity as & means of bringing Great Britain toreasen, An experience of two years, wilhkno decided issue on either side, was found suiicient to efect that ob- Ject. An ofer ot friendly mediation made by Russia cleared the way for a direct communication, the issue of which Was the assembly ef commissieners to treat at Ghent in the spring of 1814. On the 24th of De her, 1814, the treaty of peace with Great Britain was made, which hae secured the pacific Telations of the two countries ina period new ex- tending beyond half a century. ‘THE ISLA TREATY WITH ENGLAND. Of tho character of that treaty there were opposite Opinions held at the time, though the event was hailed wiih universal joy. It was objected to It that in terms it actiled none of the great questions of neutral rights, for the defence of which the war had been declared, and leit matters mueb in the conditien in which thoy were before. Literally speaking, the remark may bo true, and yet in point of fact 16 1a the very opposite of truth. reat Britain, im terms, vielded nothing of the pretensions she had advanced before the war, It ts not her habit nor the habit of avy great nation to humiliate itself unnecessarily, On tye viler hand, from the dave of that treaty down to Uiis moment not a ques- tion has been raised nor @ complaint made of the repetition of auy such scenes on Ue Ocean as were happeutay every day before. The barbarous prac Hee of iapressmont has been voluntarily aban- doned, The claim of a right to the services of a sudject in despite of naturalization elsewhere hag never since bean advanced, and has very lately been expleitly surrendered; and from being a flerce enemy te the maintenance of nevtral rights Great Britain has facials, been becoming our aptest scholar. Indeed sie has eutraun ber percepwor. For in 1856 she gave in her adhesion to the treaty of Paris, whic abandoned the piratical practice of privatecring, and vecogmzed the principle she had £0 long contested, of free ships, free goods, Mr. Adams closed by showing that thus the greatest mitigation of the horrers of war bad been secured. FINISe At the conclusion of the reading of the address Mr. Witttam M, ivaers, in @ short and etoquent commendatory speech, moved the thanks of the so- ‘eroty to Mr. Adans, and a request that the address preprinted by the societ.. Mr W. 0, Bay any geo. onded this proposal, witch, on being put to the meetig, Was unanimously approved, ae FIRE IN AVENUE D. A Great Tobaceo Factory Destroyed—Lors Esti- mated at $150,000—Two Men Crushed by the Walls—One Killed and the Other Mortally Injured. ‘Tho city was yesterday morning visited by one of tho most destructive fires of the year, and which re- sulted in a loss of from $130,090 to $150,000 werth of property, ‘The fire occurred about hall-past five o'clock yesterday morning, im the extensive tepacce factery of D. H. Moaipin & Ce., corner of Tenth Strect and avenue D. It was first discovered by the Watchman, Mr. Dalton, on the feurth floor, and although it is claimed he gave the alarm promptty, the steamers arrived too late to check the flames ang the entire puildiag and stock were destroyed, e roofs and walls fell at about six o'clock. Tho building was avery large one. It was six stories high and covered four or five ordinary city lots, It was occupied selely by Messrs, D. H. McAlpin & Co. for their large tobacco business, Up- wards of 200 persons were employed there, and at times the working, force was con- siderably larger. The tobacco was taken to the factorv in the leaf and prepared ready for market in all the various forms of chewing and smoking, ex- cepling the singie specially of cigars. The factory was built about three years age, and was, therefore, nearly new. it waa weil afranged im all its ap- pointmenis, and tts destraction is @ serious blow to the business of tie proprietors, The works | Were under the charge of Mr, George Stanton, superintendert. ‘The loss, as near as can be ascertained at the present writing, 1s about $160,000, which 1s iully covered by insurance in--the police report--the Rutgers Insurance Company. Yesterday forenoon the neighboring of the tire was rendered highly obnoxious by the strong Jumes of burning tobacco, Lovers of the weed could inhale the smoke free of cost, bub there was too muca of & good thing in the'r opinion. ‘The Fire Department for hours battled the flames, but despice its efforts they spread through the entire buiiding, The rear wall, in falling, struck the roof of a four stery dwelling house, No, 452 East Tenth sivect, owned by Jolin McMahon, who aivo occupied the fourth floor. The building was crushed aown to the second floor, In one of the roows on the fourth floor John McMahon, a son ot the proprietor, ana Leon Thistle, aged sixteen, of 742 East Ninth street, were engaged in removing the furnitare when the rear wali ‘ell upon the house and crashed them oeneath the debris, yhen Leon was taken out ho was found to be un- conscious, and died soon afier. Young McManon waa found to have sustained a fracture of both legs, and was taken to Bellevue Hospita! in an ambu- lance. It is supposed that he ts fatally injured. ‘the loss of McoMahun 18 estimated at $5,000 on building and furniture. The cause of the ire is un- knows. Yesterday afternoon Coroner Keenan proceeded to No. 742 Nimth sireet to make the prelinunary ar- rangements for holding an inquest on the body of Louis Piisi ‘The preliminaries were settiod, a jury empanelicd, and the inquest will bo held on Thursday nex Mayor Halls Commanicution to Sceretary Delano. Tn the journals of yesterday was published the re- ply of Secretary Delano to a letter from Mayor Kall. | Mayor Hall's letter has not hitherto been made pub- Kc, and it is but just that the public should know exactly what the Mayor requested, The communt- cation ig as folows:— ; er census . Uf this be | y of New York, that ermit a univoriaed spany each deputy vows Orrror, 1K, Deo. 1, To Tian Hon, Sxonerany oF inrr i Crry or New vo { fim-—Semi-offleal rumor informs me tint 2 of the population of this city is about to be tak 89 I respoctfully ask, in behalf of th: the United States Marshal be insfrw te & mezber of the Police Department to. a: marehal in the discharge of ais duties. The municipal Police Department will | detall, aud:no pollceman will bo 4 makes personal objection to him, My reasons in making this request are threefold— First—The presence of a policeman with the marshal wil tend much toward allaying the unavoidable jealousy, and perhaps us unavoldable a distrust, which, im the taking of | every census, federal or Stale, have been proven to exist a many quarters of a iarge cits i Secout—The policenian being bettor acquainted, from |:ha Innate experience of his busiaess, with city localities Aad rraish the proper | ignated ¢ the Marshak dy-ways and tenement houses, than the census marabal | povid be, the gregace of tho former would Cacliitale tho niciug. is “mm ig a ae Ppt nade 9 Tiird—Becanse the policemen (wii } Yon upon the deputy marshale) could also be furnished, under the municipal authority, hw duplicate book, nd thus the loca! guthoritiss would be forever preciwl | from denying the accuracy of a cenmee tn which Uiey had partic paierts Ot course, whatever expanse {8 focurred under this offer not at alt ed, even if ik were possible ao to debi government. Teg to enclose two memoranda se from many Inthe | jowsexsion of tie local Oentus Comuitiee, in order to ex- dt} to you the kind of complaint which had previously been made. With the earnest hope that it Ie In your power to consider } thia proposition, and that you will conser it, I have the hgnor to remain, with greai reapect and our A. OAKEY Mayor of the city of N ‘any Fonsible reflec- | obedient servant, Li w York. THE MARSHALL FORGERY CASE, ‘The Arcuscd Committed for Trial. ‘The examination in the case of George H. Mar- shall, the affegea forger, the parliculars of whose case appeared in the Hemaip several days ago, came up yesterday the Tombs Police Court before Justice Hogan, and resulted in the prisoners beimg committed fer trial in de fault of $5,000 bail, Tne chesk tor $11,000, obtained by ball im some mysteriously aurrep- ileus manner frem the Post Ofice, has excited the activity of thedetectives ef the Post Office Depart ment, Dut up to this no clue as to how the check?! ‘was abstracted has been obtained. Detective Gayler is doing his: utmost to unravel the mystery and | Gveutually hopes te succeed, + COLLECTING. ‘TAXES IN. BROOKLYN, ‘The clerks in the office of the Tax Collector were unustally busy yesterday in taking in the money from the grumbling taxpayers. Al were cemplain- lng of the high rate of taxation; yet they are com- pelied to pay up or have their houses and lots sold to satisfy the claims of the city. Tne line ef taxpayers throughout the day extended from the desks in the Tax Oitice iar out im the cer- rivor upul their turn eame, On Saturday $17,000 Was tcken in, on Monday $60,000 and yesterday $70,000. ‘The taxes will oe received up to tho loth of January, woen an additioual item of one per ent will be added, THE ODAY HOMICIDE. Philip Cooney Convicted of Man- slaughter im the Third Degree. Close of the Care—Suggestive and Eloquent Charge of Judge Bedford—“Stern Necossity” the Only Plea of Self-Defence—Unex- pected Verdict~ The Feeling in Court—Sentence. The trial of Phillp Cooney, inducted for the mnruer of David O'Day, in a lager beer saloon on the morn- ing of Sunday, the 24th of Apmi, of the present year, and which was commenced on Friday last in the Court of General Sessions, before City Judge Gunning 8. Bedford, was yesterday brought to @ close, From the opentng ol the case to the rendition of the verdict and the pronouncing of senvence by ths Court upon the prisoner a more than usual degree of interest was manifested im the trial. (fhis was principally, of course, contined to the numer- ous frieuds of the unfortunate victim of a Sagbath morning’s dehauch and the ever attendant brawl, and the frie: ds of the hardly less unioriunate slayer of that victim, The large court room of the General Sessions was crowded throughout, net with the re- pulsive and dread-inspiring mob that flocks to tho halls of justice when such criminals as come from their own ranks are brought face to face with the Nemesis of the law, such as the Jerry O’briens, the Jerry Dunns and the Jack Reynoldses, but with a re- spectable and orderly audience, whose sympathies were enlisted in the resuit of the proceedings, and who hour after hour watched with anxiety the ap- proaching moment wien those twelve men in the box there should give their verdict and his Honor on the bench shall pronounce the dread flat of the law. As the case progressed and the testimony became more and more overwhelmingly in favor of the prisener, it was becoming a fixed hope that the verdict would be justiflable homicide, and when Judge Bediord, after a most suggestive and eloquent | charge, left the case m the hauds of the jury, hope of acquittal had become @ certainty. It was not to be, however, and alter a brief absence tho jury re- turned a verdict of manslaughter against tho accused. JUDGE BEPFORD'S CHARGE TO THR JURY. The following 13 the very suggestive aud eloquent charze to the jury:— QUNTLEMEN OF THE JoRY—Philtp Cooney, the prisoner at the bar, stands indicted tor the crime of imurder, alleged to have beea cpm ne ast day of April tust, being charged wiih haviig stabbed ina wiliul, Malicious Manner, and witout jusiifica- ton, Davia o'Day, in the leit breast, causing almost instant death. ‘The Jacis of this melancholy case are » ANd mae be briefly stated as fol- Pg and she deceased, fogethor with some oO! their friends, on the morniag Apru, between the hours of se: first went to the sateon kept by Purcell, and afver- wards Visited the saloon $l King street, kept by Mcbermott. That at the former place the deceased nad a dispute with the prisoner as regards the loan Of half a dollar; thet the deceased onered to fight the | risoner or ahy other man in the house except lackey. ‘he keoper of the saloon then told them to leave, a8 he did not wish any trouble. ‘the party then left and went to MeDermeu’s, 61 King street. ‘The sad scene which was there enacted sent David O'Day uncalled and unprepared | betore his Maker, and nas piaced Piniip Cooney, the prisouer at the var, on trial for bis life. Happily, gentlemen, the lew has no vengeance to grauuly—its object 1s simpie justice. The Commonwealth, while it claims protection agaist the evil-doer, and 1s exact- ing and perenptory in 1t3 condemnation ot crime, yet It is equally just even towards the trans ressor, for it is @ sound maxim that every one accused of crime shall be presumed innocent until ls gall be fully established, Beariag this im mind, 1 ask you to recall to your memories, without sympa- thy on the one hina or prejudice on ihe other, the occurrence as detaned 0 you by the witnesses during the trai of this case. We Jearn that soon alter entering McDermoit’s saloon the party had driwks, the deceased laying down a two dollar bill on tie counter. As they stood before the bar angry words passed, the deceased calling the prisoner a loafer and a liar. A Witness testitles that he asked the prisoner I{ le weuld not stop growling and shake hands with deceased, and he said he would, ‘This witness also asked deceased if he would not shake hands with the prisoner and stop arguing; Ue deceased said he would not—he did not wish to ia ogy the prisoner or have any Words with him, © are next told that as the Durties were standing betore the bar the deceased, with atumbier in one hand, caught the prisoner by the cua) collar, near the throat, aad while tn this atiltude the tumoter was iivown and broken; but Ahere is po evidence that it struck the prisoner. They iinmediately clinched and almost instancly ell, The prisoner got up at once from the feor and left the saigon by the back door. The deceased lay where he fell and expired in a f-w minutes. Upon exumination it was discovered that deeease@ was tved in nis lett | breast 4 stab wound, Which resulted in death, Tne eradmits that he committed the hone aims at Your hands an acquittal njen the ground tbat be Was justifie | and that the killing was done in seli-de‘euce, in lis testimony he tells us Wy that on Sunday merning, about seven o'clock, on the zith day of April, he met the de- ceased at the corner of King and Varick streets; that at Clark’s, adrinking place, the dec ad abused him, called him @ lowler, and said he owed him fifty cents; aller having two or three drinks they went to Purcell’s; that deceased here puiled off his cc handed his waten to the barkeepe names, and sald he would whip me anyhow; we tie went to MeDermott's; we drank there: deceased called me a liar, and wauted ine to go inio tie back room and fight lim; I deciined; O’Conior asked us to make up; I reaghed iny hand out to 1 deceased retused; he then collar aud the shirt coliar; he twisted me around and then Uivew the glass; 1 tried to gos away, but could not; being a stronger maa he threw me do and | fell anderueath and he on top; he the throat, choking me, and J could not spew knew him t bea the 24th ot and eight e’clock, ¥ ne ‘y dangerous churacier; 1 knew tuat he alwavs carricd a pistol, aud L was afrald of him; [stabbed pim because ne'was choking mae and L thought my lke was in danger; Lhad nein of killing him; 1 left him as soou ag L rendered myscl{ three days alterwards late Supermtendent, Mr. Jourdan; ers jury honorably discharged quently the Grand Jury fadicted agam surrendered mys Captain McDonnel tliree police oiicers are called, and give dec tho character of a bad, dangerous ma under the influence ef liquor was very brutish. Twe of the police officers say that the prisoner's character fer peace and quiet is good. The District Atuorney called five laymen, who said they knew deceased fer & number and that his general character r ‘ped aud quiet w: good, Wh ODay said that ho neve kuew t deceased (his brother) to carry a pistel, and swore that it was uot y his ordinary habtt to carry on) Such L believe to be substantially the tesamony in this case. | charge tier now and that he hand wil rous weapon Will not justify a biow, bives & blow by the nake not be justified in using a dan; provided there be uo reason to appr to do nim great bodily harm. i # man be attacked in such @ manner that there is no pos: ty of his escaping without ng lis assaiiaut he 1s justi- fied in doing so af Ving done bis utinost te re- trea’, But vo assauit, however violent, will justify killing the assailant uuder the plea of necesslt: less be on the part of the assailant a mani, Toh {ation of @ felonions intent. as matter of jaw that if you find trom the ey in this case that the prisoner atthe bar, tabbed tue deceased, causing ls death, was and there actiug under the belief that there design on tie part of che deceased to take liie or to do him some great bodily by that fuere was eusohabié ground hevin, the danger imminent, ign Sv ould be accomplished, or that — suc’ be- that such de nend a design | | q 5 hands I place the scalee you. tm your of see to it that they be fairly poised, aod Rae care that not one feather's weight of extraneous watter disturb their equilibrium, THN VREDICT, After about three-quarters of an hour's absence the jury returned into court with & verdict of ran- siaugnter in tive third degree, This resuit took the crowdrd audience by surprise, as it was conidentty expected that It would be homicds in seli-deteance. Bot the jury did not see in the provocation which Mnpelle | Cooney to fire the fatal shot that deprivea O'Day of his life that “stern necessity” whieh Judge Bedford so eloquently described as Constivating tue tirat element in 4 plea of seli-defence, THE s®) - Indce Bedford, in passing soutenee, said:--Cooney, Ithink the jury have deve rigut m finding yeu guilty of manslaughter in the third degree, Bat as there are peculiar features in your ¢ase Ldo not feel inclined to meve out the severest penalty, Considers ing all the circumstances surrounding the stabbing £ will send you to the State Prison for the term of bwe years, insiead of tour years, WOMAN SUFFRAGE, Susan 13. Anthony in Rich mond, Reorganirs‘ion of the Virginia Woman Suffrage Association—Fifst Public Lecture in the Stat:—Addresses in the Custom House— The Woman and the Nigger—Wo- man the Slave and Man the Waster—Startling Disclosures, RicuMony, Dec, 12, 187, Ayear ago the HERALD pubilshed an account of the organization of the “Virginia Woman Sudrage Association” in Ricumond. But unt recently the strony-minded have been content to occupy their old-trme positions in petticvata, and have mace no demoustrations of any sort Bat coulis they keep quiet when ali the other charita- » benevolent and progressive institutions of the ety were making exiraordinary exertions to procure sensational lecturers and to inauagurate o brillant winter season? Not thoy. So Mr. Bodeker, president of the association, after conferring with Judge Underwood and the other members of the association (there are only"three), determined to invite Miss Susan B. Anthony down here to delive THE FURST PUBLIC VERAGE LECTURE £ There was a peculiar propriety in inviting tht« gray haired old veteran to initiate the movement, and she accepted at once, Miss Phoebe Cousins, of St, Louls, and Miss Devereux Blake, of New York, were likewise Invited, but seeming to dread com- arisen with the Champion Woman's righter of ae @ respectfully declined, with plenteous for good wishes the cause in the grand oid “mother of States aud siatesmen.” Mies Susan, having fulfilied a vrilllant engagem in Washington and taken by storm the stony hearts of some half doven Congressmen aud plaured in the breasts of hajf @ hundred more an abiding faith in woman's rights, took up her “traps” and cane to Kichmond.” Her conilng was placarded or fences and tumble-down walls and was ac to @ limited extent through the daily papers. It created a great fuiter, and cur wowen, no more Wanting in Curiosity than the lopgeuese@ dames of Narragansett or the limber-tongued Bridget of New York, Were antic! pating a jolly time, when out came the announcement that the United states Court room 4 been secured 48 the place for the lecture. 16 this ABODE OF LOYALTY, where Custem House cliques, Post OMce “chapa’ and United States officials most do congregate, tue decent, Nonest, respectable people never go. amd Jadies ave.d it as they do notorious piaces of ti fame. So Miss Susan had # smiail audience, It consisied of forty-eight men, meubers of the Leghsiature, now session, Of both parties; federal osice-holiers, reporters and others and eight iadies—Mrs, Bodeker, vesident of this sasociation, wife of one of the moia- ers of the Richmond delegation In the House ef Delogaves; Mrs. Judge Underwood (vf ihe United States District Court), and sister; Miss (Postmaster) Vau Lew and sister, and four other ladies entirely unknown to fame, The audience woud have bece larger but tor the piace, and 1b seems that it was not ea: apy betver ior noth- ing. The hall o House of Delegates n the Capitol—the scene of the dreadful april tragedy—*as appiled for and revused, though the clivalrous genilemen composing that body were Uereafter adjourned to be introduced to Misa Susan, who, with Mrs, Bodeker, was present lobny- ing throug a resolution to procure Mer the destréd privilege. Well, Saturday night the novel eater mneat begun, and the WOMAN'S RIGHTERS LET LOOSE on us. With characterisiic generosity, and that overwhelming scif-abnegation that bas alway9 characterized her wie Life, Miss Susan yielded ine Noor rst to Mes, Bodeker to make a {ow remarks. That lady, who occupies a high and respectable position in soci ty here, end is young, preity aud Vivacious, Without hesitation posted nerseif behind the clerk’s desk in the court room and had her say. Standing up before hor audiences, dressed im neat black Spencer of fasblonable cut, with black kid gloves and jaunty black bonuet, aud a quae, coqueitish look on her face, she W: piciure to look at. Her appearance was dove-like enough, bus in ber throbbing heart were wliter thouglts aid on her tongue flerce wor he said ies Wai @ Movement in which S$ creatures stood im the face of ibe ind progressed su Would als. onventionwlity. By virrue of roscrived slave, and her sert. ed fo merely because man afford’ her a pitiabie maintenance, a4 he does horses and dogs. Soul, body is a dependent, compelled by tyraniiic him. She is the puppet of La pleasure like an nutemaion to grawly and adve rie3 and conceis of his aguran Though with a stupid, elckeving sort of phiian- repy the negroes @f the South had beer culran- ised, the women are sull held bond s driven and beaten whet y pels, and whenever she makes am att her condition she 18 held up by the De the silly old donkey men to the canfenipt and ride cule of the world. In the ballot box only ts there protection for ler. As the criminal betore lus holds the right to be tied by a yury ei ts yy woman should have the riglit to be heard and WRONGS TO BB AVENGED BY Tit With thet woman, as woman, might countless eyes, | thing. Hitherio her accepteu posiitun’ ha, make man’s damipilags and bear him ckiylrom Now us sublime order of things 18 about to be changed. ‘Tue march of mind is abroad, and we math it her majesty and might is coming orb irom tue cage in whieh she has so long been incarceraied. She is making herself heard. Her voice 13 ring at tue present hour along voth sores of the At tio; 12 is resounding from the hills tu the mo aud it is echood fcom the lowly cauin to ty dome of Heaven, should she be driven suminating her sacred purposes b! fies of fasion exciaim, “We have ali the privilcges we desire?” No! Foruid it, progressien. Rise up In your might against it—motuers, sisters, women, (Applaase). Boacker received load spplause, and at the sion Of her remarks tntrudaced Miss Susan “greatest champion of wouun’s rights i America.” “That lady wok the stand, and began by saying, “ WATE SUPERLATIVES |"? She was about to say low much sié disliked such an introduction, when, discovering a ttteriug gomg on aniong the reporters, she suappisuly suid, “When the reporters get through Pu cor meuce.” ‘Shose worthies at once subsited, and, lorgettiny what she was about to say of Mrs. Bodeker, she lamehed mto tae republican party sor eniranchisiug the negro and distranchising ine wound This very day she bad been in the State Capitol aud seen negroes—iguorant, dirty, de- raged hegrocs—legisiating, when the enligutoued, ecnéd, f@X-paying women of ihe Nori: weie de- prived of the right of eves 80 much as tie casting of ns, great r great bodily harm would be.done to him, and that ho Was justified ta that b ig then you miust acquit, fer he stands ‘guiltics Of the charge. Ir, however, you flad that the prisoner was not justified in that belief, then you must convict, declaring whab grade of holaieide he has commitied, for he acted at his } peril and must abide the consequencea, If on tie e e @ you tind against the prisoner, then you must render for the People one of the two follewing verdicts—murder in the first degree, or man- slaughter in the third degree, Tho former if you fina from the evidence that the prisoner at the bar 1 flicled the stab wound with a premeditated desi: to take life and under clroumstances not justifal the latter you find the prisoner inflicted the stap wound in the heat of passion and without any premeditated design to take life, and under circumstances not justifiable, If you have any rea- sonable, well founded doubt arising upon the evi- dence as regards the prisoner's guilt that doubt be- longs to him, tt ts bis property, and you must acquit. And now, gentici , in conciusion, remember ‘that Life ts, tudeed, dear to all, It is the most preci- ous gifl of God to maa, and when once lost is gone forever. While each ono has an inherent right to do everything in his power to goard and protect him- self Ly rert, the assaults of the aggressor, yet he en muat beware how ke sirtkes the deadly blow which hastens into eternity a fellow betng. Te plead suc- cessfully self-defence t bola that it must clearly shewn that the prisoner at the bar took the lite of deceased a8 & Matter ef stern necessity, in order, as it were, to preserve and protect his own, and tad he not taken life he wonld tn all probability have lost his own, In one werd, it is for you twelve men to say, on the evidence, whether in the killing of David u'Day the law has been vioiated—the statute book outraged; or whether when Philip Ceoney, the pri- goner at the Bar, took the life of the deceased, he vas justified in so doing, and that stern necessity one guited the weapon as it pierced the heart of David O'Day, Sarge Min to crernity without a moment's warning to breathe & prayer to his God for fergiveness aud mercy, Geuvicmen, 1 RoW rest @ ballot, She lad been a black republican all hi life, but she was disgusted wilh tue course that party had pursued. The megroes@f tao South are covered by the fifteenth amendment, THE WOMKN OV THM NORTH Ake NOT COVERED av Able ‘This Jamentanie state of affairs should not inse longer, and sie cailed upon Sorace Greeley, Sena- tor Trumbull, Charies Sumner aad Judge Under. Wood to secure the passage of Ute saxteenth auiead ment, prse Women Lue cight and iramchiss of citizen’ ‘The great argument agalnet woman’s voting was that it would disrupt society and bring the sex down on @ level with degraded meu. Such was not a necessary consequence, The presence of woinen in crowds of men Would Rave a refining influence, Liguor would no longer be seen in the nelghborbood or the polls, cursing Would not be beard and great and general good would result from the intermix- ture Of the sexes, She wus told by Miss Yan Lew, the poxtmistress, thatthe bureau clerks in her ofice did their work with admirable efficiency, ‘Trae, ONE OF THEM WAS CONFINED FOR TWO wontits, but her place was eaguy filed aud there was no sloppage. hy, eveh thy whecls of governments could stop om on if necessary. Speak ing of the wi gwomen'’s strikes she poured out her vials of wrath on the New Yerk newspapers, Halted ey scurrileus and brutish men, they had 4 tated to urge the women to go bi to Q@rerk. nd take what pay they could get’? When goa struck the newspapers dared not give them suci: oa Now, were not they generous and chivai- rous Miss Snsan was occasionally applanded, but i hardly think she made much Of an impression, Mrs. bo iba cre ee hoa ge the wind a p her usan thougut her savage ai | nor, hesitate te say to, Adding, too. “hese inairiew women always overshoot the m: by 5 The “Association” @f Richmond {eelastittle encour. aged, and were it not for Mrs, Bodeker it vould soar be dissolved aitorether. tem: — ‘ : 46 2 Yes eae,